Dissertationen zum Thema „Fabrication Additive et Soustrative“
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Lesage, Philippe. „Etude et caractérisation sous sollicitations dynamiques de structures mécaniques en fabrication additive et soustractive“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing is rapidly expanding and attracting increasing interest from industry, scientific research and the general public. Additive processes have opened up opportunities for producing structures with complex geometries compared to traditional manufacturing. However, the mechanical behavior of additive fabrications under loading conditions is not extensively explored. In particular, the mechanical characterization of these fabrications remains a challenge and often limits itself to pseudo-static investigation fields through conventional mechanical testing methods such as tensile tests. This doctoral thesis aims to contribute to the dynamic mechanical characterization of additive manufacturing on a comparative scale with subtractive manufacturing. This contribution is based on the use of modal methods in response to 'Low Velocity' stimuli applied by an impact hammer, and on a 'High Velocity' dynamic method studying the impact behavior of plates produced by additive (SLM) and subtractive processes
Muller, Pierre. „Fabrication additive de pièces multimatériaux“. Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntomarchi, Anne-Lise. „Conception et pilotage d'un atelier intégrant la fabrication additive“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe additive manufacturing is a field on the rise. However, companies wonder about the use of additive manufacturing for mass production. The problem raised in the context of this thesis is: How to make the process of sintering laser melting industrially viable? Our work focuses on the design and on the management of workshops integrating the additive manufacturing and of the complete process to obtain part according to three levels of decision: strategic, tactic and operational. About the strategic level, strong decisions of investment, machines selection and organization choice are taken with important economic issues. The aim is to define a multicriteria optimization method for the modular design of a production system integrating the additive manufacturing in the presence of uncertain data, optimal in the long term and the short term. From a tactical point of view, not all parts are necessarily relevant candidates for additive manufacturing. In this work, we developed a decision support tool that evaluates the relevance or not of additive manufacturing to obtain parts in a global cost approach. At the operational level, we offer a tool based on flow simulation that allows orders to be placed to production orders and their scheduling in order to guarantee the efficiency of the workshop. This research work is developed in collaboration with companies: AddUp, MBDA and Dassault, who contribute to our work and enable us to compare our tools with an industrial reality
Metral, Boris. „Systèmes photoamorceurs et modèle pour la fabrication additive par photopolymérisation“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2020. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVat photopolymerization technologies are emerging quickly in the field of additive manufacturing. To follow this fast expansion of the market, highly efficient and affordable photosensitive resins are necessary. In this work, we introduce a new three-component phototiniating system (3K PIS) based on the Safranine O (SFH+) dye which has been identified as a very efficient initiator in several 3K PIS for photopolymerization processes.The dye is combined with a Tetraphenylborate salt (TPB) as electron donor and a Triazine derivative (TA) as electron acceptor to form a photochemical regenerating cycle. The photocycling mechanism is explored via laser flash photolysis (LFP) and the photopolymerization is investigated through Real-Time-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). Infrared experiments with several irradiances allow disclosure of an empirical model predicting conversion as a function of time and light intensity.Following this, cure depth experiments are conducted in agreement with Jacobs’ equation and the resin 3D printing parameters, i.e. critical energy (Ec) and penetration depth (Dp), are established. These parameters are linked to RT-FTIR data, resulting in the determination of the critical time (tc) and the conversion at gel point.Finally, high resolution complex pieces are printed with the resin which composition was tailored in accordance with our studies, demonstrating the viability of this formulation in DLP 3D printing
Heisel, Cyprien. „Conception et réalisation, par fabrication additive, de matériaux cellulaires architecturés“. Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe "numerical materials" approach, developed at CEA Le Ripaut, consists to numerically optimize a structure, by using calculation codes that allow to realize numerical experiments, in order to answer, as precisely as possible, to a set of specifications. The manufacturing of these optimized structures, whose shapes can be complex, is sometimes not feasible with current manufacturing processes. However, the rapid progress of 3D printing now seems to be able to concretize this approach. The aim of this thesis is to study this manufacturing feasibility, through a concrete application: the optimization of the volumetric receivers of Concentrated Solar Power Plants (CSP). Currently, the design of these silicon carbide (SiC) receptors is restricted by the existing manufacturing techniques, and their morphologies are therefore mainly limited to foams or parallel channels. However, this type of structure does not allow to exploit all the 3D character proposed by the receivers, due in particular to a heterogeneous absorption of solar radiation in the volume. In this work, in order to find the distribution of the most homogeneous absorption possible in the whole volume, many structures with various shapes are generated virtually. A simulation of the solar irradiance received is carried out on all these structures, thanks to a calculation code developed especially for this application, thus allowing to choose three of them, respondents at best to the criteria of the specifications. These potentially optimized structures were then manufactured in SiC by 3D printing, by a binder jetting process. They were then tested on an experimental test bench of the PROMES laboratory, reproducing the conditions of a CSP. Results showed that these structures, where their shapes are totally different from foams or parallel channels, are able to produce a maximum air temperature of 860°C at the output of the receiver, and with efficiencies close to 0.65. Finally, a conducto-radiative coupled thermal computational code, improved during this work, made it possible to analyze these experimental results and will be used for the future work of optimization of the geometry of a receiver
Rias, Anne-Lise. „créativité par et pour la fabrication additive : proposition d'une méthodologie outillée“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmphasizing the integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) into big industrial companies becomes crucial for subcontractors. Teaching additive processes and design rules is a techno-centric vision. It is not sufficient to project future applications of additive manufacturing in various industries such as aeronautics, energy, medical, etc. On one hand, the state of the art and field observations show that AM knowledge is steadily increasing. On the other hand, the state of the art about creativity shows that individuals creative capacity can be stimulated to guide them to the generation of creative ideas and concepts. This thesis then explores a possible linking between AM and creativity in order to propose a methodology and its application tools to stimulate creativity, in the specific context of additive manufacturing. This approach allowed us to bring out the major role of intermediate objects which articulate the interactions between several dimensions of the creative capacity: motivations, emotions, knowledge exploration, individual/collective work phases and spatial organization. It also highlighted the need for a new definition of intermediate objects’ roles regarding additive manufacturing. In this sense, we designed two operational devices, based on sensory manipulation of tangible objects, and tested them in real industrial contexts. Our experimental results show that the exploration of the knowledge embodied in these devices emphasizes the generation of creative ideas opening to potential applications of additive manufacturing. Finally, a model of Creativity Through Additive Manufacturing (CTAM) has been proposed. It enables us to contribute both to the methodological practices of design science and operational practices in two fields: the additive manufacturing industry and the field of innovation
Andreau, Olivier. „Nocivité en fatigue et contrôle de défauts produits par fabrication additive“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Selective Laser Melting Process (SLM) consists in manufacturing metallic parts by melting successive powders layers. This new additive manufacturing method allows building new complex geometries that can help lighten structures, such as lattice parts. However, the mechanical properties of additive manufacturing parts are still an industrial concern, especially for high cycle fatigue behavior. Such parts can indeed comprise surface and internal pores that can be deleterious to mechanical properties. The goal of this thesis is to characterize the influence of porous defects on the high cycle fatigue fatigue performance of 316L SLM parts. Firstly, some key SLM parameters that can control the porosity and the microstructure of fabricated parts were quantified. A distinction between the pore types was proposed, and their characteristics were related to the volumetric energy density delivered by the laser. The microstructure was also investigated, with a focus on crystallographic orientation and grain size, depending on the melt pool overlap and morphology. Secondly, using X-ray tomography, a parametric research was conducted to generate and characterize optimized fatigue samples with a minimal amount of pores. Such samples were used as a reference for other fatigue samples containing various randomly distributed pore populations, with similar microstructures. The relative influence of different internal pore populations on the high cycle fatigue endurance was quantified, for similar surface pore population. Finally, deterministic pores with controlled morphology, position and various dimensions were generated after a detailed parametric optimization. A specific internal crack initiation threshold was evidenced for deterministic defects, which was supposed to be linked to the local gaseous environment during crack initiation and propagation
Robert, Pascal. „Conception et fabrication de pièces métalliques intelligentes par procédé WAAM“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALI055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndustry 4.0 highlights the need for massive data collection and therefore relies partly on the use of smart parts that are capable of providing data when they are used. In addition, metal additive manufacturing technologies seem to be a way to easily make smart parts and particularly the Wire & Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process that uses arc-welding technology. This raises the following issue, how to manufacture and design a smart metal part by WAAM? The research scope is limited to stress measurement in aluminum parts. In order to answer this problem, four scientific issues are identified and resolved in this manuscript:• The integration of a sensing technology within a part requires the part to be massive (composed of juxtaposed beads). Thus, making massive parts in aluminum is the first scientific challenge to resolve. Manufacturing parameters of the WAAM process are listed and explained in the state of the art. Wetting, regularity and mass energy of a bead are identified as indicators of the suitability of the selected parameters to be used to produce sound massive parts. Experimental campaigns are conducted to select parameters not identified by the state of the art to produce a wetted bead with low mass energy. Blocks are made and specimens are extracted then their mechanical characteristics are determined by tensile test in order to validate the selected parameters.• The second scientific challenge identified is to correctly choose the stress measurement technology to be inserted. Many devices that can be inserted during the WAAM process but also selection methods are reviewed in the bibliographic chapter. A synthesis in four families of strain measurement technologies relevant for the insertion during the WAAM process is therefore proposed. A selection guide based on evaluation criteria, on the knowledge of these technologies and on the specifications of parts to design as smart parts is proposed. Control by induction of an embedded magnetostrictive stress indicator is the most promising technology according to the proposed guide. This technology is used in the rest of the study.• The third challenge is to make the smart part manufacturable with the selected sensing technology. This technology requires the insertion of a thin steel indicator within the aluminum host part. In order to demonstrate its feasibility, various parameters (indicator’s coating, trajectory of the welding torch) are explored during experimental campaigns. Samples produced are analyzed by tomography. Thickness maps of the indicator are thus produced and allow to evaluate their deterioration. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the intermetallic layer shows the fusion between the indicator and the host part and thus the feasibility of producing a smart part.• Finally, to realize a smart part with this technology, the last challenge is the choice of the indicator location in the part so that it reports the evolution of the stress in this one. Thus, recommendations for the selection of the mechanical characteristics of the indicator were formulated using the analysis of its magnetostrictive behavior and its mechanical coupling to its environment. Then, a method of placing the indicator for the measurement of the part maximum stress based on finite element simulations is presented for four distinct measurement scenarios.All the studies carried out allow to conclude on the interest of the use of the WAAM process for the production of smart parts
Grandvallet, Christelle. „Elicitation et structuration des connaissances dans le contexte de la Fabrication Additive“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive Manufacturing (AM) has enabled the building of parts with new shapes and geometrical features. As this technology modifies the practices, new knowledge is required for designing and manufacturing properly. To help experts create and share this knowledge through formalization, this research work focuses on knowledge elicitation, analysis and structuring. After defining knowledge concepts we present the SoA in knowledge elicitation and classification. Three case studies present different approaches to capture AM knowledge. The first one points out the assets and limits of three individual elicitation techniques. The second one describes tools and techniques to elicit and structure knowledge about support structures for EBM parts. The last one proposes a method to model AM process rules in relation with EBM technology. As a conclusion, we provide some propositions and recommendations for a better elicitation and formalization of AM knowledge
Douellou, Corentin. „Fatigue des aciers élaborés par fabrication additive L-PBF : approche thermomécanique et comparaison de stratégies de fabrication“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe PhD thesis deals with the fatigue performance of steels manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion using a laser beam (L-PBF). The objective of the study is to develop a method for the rapid and reliable characterization of the produced material’s fatigue limit using infrared (IR) thermography. Preliminary conventional fatigue tests were performed, revealing two distinct populations among the printed specimens depending on their locations on the building plate. Next, fatigue tests instrumented by IR camera were processed using heat source reconstruction to measure the mechanical dissipation due to fatigue damage. A statistical model was then proposed to identify the fatigue limit of the material. Finally, a practical application was performed to compare different manufacturing strategies using the same powder of maraging steel, as well different steels (maraging, L40 and W360). The results open perspectives for the rapid optimization of the printing process with respect to the fatigue performance of the parts produced
Parrot, Jérôme. „W.A.M, Wire Additive Manufacturing : champs des possibles et utilisation raisonnée“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0047/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Additive Manufacturing (AM), three dimensionalobjects are built layer by layer by joining each layer to the previous one. For metal parts, there are three main methods: powder bed, powder depositionand wire deposition. This latter makes optimal use of the material in contrast to other processes, which makes it very interesting industrially. Indeed, with powder,the ratio between powder used and powder meltedis not equal to one, in opposition of the use of wire. In order to ensure the proper melting of the metal, several methods already exist, including the use of lasers or electric arc. This manuscript presents a novel approach of wire deposition using inductive energy for additive manufacturing applications (WIAM). This approach does not make use of a storage of the molten material. Instead, the tip of a metal wire is melted by an induction heating system. Inductive energy is also used to obtain an optimal thermal gradient between the tip of the wire and the substrate or previous layer. Thesis work concerns the development of this approach by a numerical model, and its experimental validation. It shows that the induction heating system is able to melt the tip of the wire and heat the substrate to create suitable deposition. The microstructure of additive manufacturing stainless steel has been studied. These results have been compared with WAM method. It is shown that the induction heating system gives a microstructure with very low porosities and a microstructure without a sudden change of composition. These preliminary results indicate that Wire Induction Additive Manufacturing (WIAM) is likely to a suitable process for AM but it still needs to be developed
Nguyen, Kim Thanh. „Optimisation et conception d’une prothèse de membre inférieur : matériaux, simulations et prototypage“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPAST046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is proposed in this PhD work to develop an optimal design of a prosthetic part suitable for additive fabrication, based on material engineering and structural design, as well as manufacturing and testing/characterization. The objective is to find a way to obtain a functional prosthesis satisfying all the operational requirements in terms of material strength and human/structure matching. Finite element-based simulations will also be carried out to help in the design process.The work focuses first on numerical simulations than on experiments. Today, numerical simulations have developed strongly alongside additive manufacturing and materials science. These new methods make it possible to innovate in the field of prosthesis design. For example, the combination of numerical simulation and optimization associated with the use of innovative materials, allow designing prosthetic systems with the desired properties to cover the degraded functions of the patient.Experimental work is carried out to identify the interaction between the prosthetic socket and the stump. The stump’s contact pressure and the socket’s stress are measured by using the electronic circuit. The prosthetic socket is fabricated by using additive manufacturing technique. The stump model is also designed and manufactured based on additive fabrication and a 1cm-silicone layer is added on the outer surface of the stump.Keyword: FE Simulation, Additive Fabrication, Composites, Optimization
Constantin, Loic. „Fabrication additive assisté laser de matériaux composites 3D et revêtement diamant par CVD“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe constant increase of the working frequency of semiconductor-based devices with their miniaturization led to severe overheating, which affect their lifetime and reliability. Hence, thermal management has become a significant concern for the microelectronic area and needs to be addressed. Diamond (D) is known to be an excellent material for thermal dissipation as it possesses one of the highest thermal conductivity (TC) of any natural material and has a high electrical resistivity. D can cool electronic chips in two ways. When used in the form of a film, D acts as a heat spreader. When utilized in powder-form, Ds can be introduced into metals to enhance their TC and bring dimensional stability at elevated temperatures. The resulting metal/D composite materials are thus, excellent component to form heat sinks. Naturally, the thermal performances of heat sinks are closely related to their surface area. Although the attractiveness of D-based materials in term of thermal performance, they often exhibit simple geometry mostly due to the complexity of machining D-based materials into intricated designs. Laser 3D printing is an emerging method of manufacturing sophisticated designs and has shown promising results for various metal and alloys. In this study, the laser 3D printing of copper/D composite materials is proposed to fabricate highly complex Cu/D structures which could remodel their applications. Before additively manufactured Cu/D composite materials, several challenges need to be addressed. First, the additive manufacturing of pure Cu is optimized and characterized. Then, due to a lack of a chemical affinity between Cu and D, the Cu-D interfacial zone is introduced in the composite material. Later, a molten salt coating process is studied to produced graded and multilayer coating of oxide/carbide and carbide/carbide, respectively, on carbon materials. Next, the additive manufacturing of highly sophisticated Cu/D composite structures is presented. Finally, the deposition of D films is performed by laser-assisted combustion flame. The effects of introducing ultraviolet lasers into the combustion flame are characterized in terms of chemical reaction and D film quality and growth rate
Diourté, Adama. „Génération et optimisation de trajectoire dans la fabrication additive par soudage à l'arc“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is becoming the primary Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology used to produce medium to large (order of magnitude: 1 m) thin-walled parts at lower cost. To manufacture a part with this technology, the path planning strategy used is 2.5D. This strategy consists in cutting a 3D model into different plane layers parallel to each other. The use of this strategy limits the complexity of the topologies achievable in WAAM, especially those with large variations in curvature. It also implies several start/stop of the arc during its passage from one layer to another, which induces transient phenomena in which the control of energy and material supply is complex. In this thesis, a new manufacturing strategy to reduce the arc start/stop phases to a single cycle is presented. The objective of this strategy, called "Continuous Three-dimensional Path Planning" (CTPP), is to generate a continuous spiral-shaped trajectory for thin parts in a closed loop. An adaptive wire speed coupled with a constant travel speed allows a modulation of the deposition geometry that ensures a continuous supply of energy and material throughout the manufacturing process. The use of the 5-axis strategy coupled with CTPP allows the manufacturing of closed parts with a procedure to determine the optimal closure zone and parts on non-planar substrates useful for adding functionality to an existing structure. Two geometries based on continuous manufacturing with WAAM technology are presented to validate this approach. The manufacturing of these parts with CTPP and several numerical evaluations have shown the reliability of this strategy and its ability to produce new complex shapes with good geometrical restitution, difficult or impossible to achieve today in 2.5D with WAAM technology
Zouaoui, Marouene. „Etude numérique et caractérisations expérimentales d’un matériau architecturé issu de la fabrication additive“. Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA trajectory structuring method in additive manufacturing makes it possible to develop architectured materials capable of responding to predefined functionalities. In this thesis, we are interested in the modeling of an architectured material obtained by fused filament fabrication. Previous experimental studies in the field of fracture report a gain in structural rigidity and an increase in fracture toughness thanks to this structuring method. Tensile tests were carried out with different filaments orientations in order to study the effect on the behavior of the structure. They show that the elastic behavior of the architectured material is quasi-isotropic. However, anisotropy is observed at its elastic limit and tensile strength. Following this first stage of investigation, we propose a first Finite Element model based on local references assignment in mesh elements. During this research, the mechanical behavior was modeled using a transverse isotropic law in the elastic domain and a Hill criterion to describe its anisotropic yielding. This model is proven able of simulating the tensile behavior without calculating the porosity nevertheless it is insufficient to predict the rigidity enhancement. An analysis of the deposition trajectories correlates the effect of the trajectories crossings on the structural rigidity at a mesoscopic scale. A last digital model was thus configured to incorporate the effect of the structured trajectories on the mechanical behavior
Vaissier, Benjamin. „Modélisation avancée et optimisation polyfonctionnelle des supports pour les procédés de fabrication additive“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThough Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are enabling the production of intricate parts difficult or even impossible to obtain through the use of traditional processes, some fabrication constraints must be met. Therefore, in order to solve the material collapsing issues and the geometrical deformation problems inherent to these processes, the addition of support structures is required. The addition of these structures, usually removed during manual post-production steps, are representing a great cost (material usage, time dedicated to their numerical generation, production and removal). Their optimization is thus essential to ensure the conformity of the fabricated geometry regarding the dimensional requirements, but also to reduce the overall cost of the final part. After a specific analysis of the various functions associated with support structures in AM, four main research axis have been identified and addressed in this thesis: (i) a genetic algorithm based optimization has first been studied to sustain overhang areas through the use of tree-like structures, (ii) a model estimating the deformations resulting from fabrication have been designed in order to generate stiffening structures with evolving thicknesses, (iii) a parametrization framework of lattice structures have been proposed to dissipate the energy accumulated in heat confining regions of the part, and finally (iv) the development of an encoding strategy exploiting the repetition patterns existing in the support structures have permitted to reduce the size of their definition files in order to fluidify their manipulation and treatment throughout the AM production process
Kovaleva, Irina. „Simulation numérique des procédés de fabrication additive: projection laser et fusion laser sélective“. Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENISE031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to development of mathematical modeling methods of laser interaction with materials and porous media, used in the additive technologies for the production of volume products. The process of laser cladding suffers from faults and defects of parts and coatings obtained such as cracks, exudations, residual stresses and etc. Currently, the general theory of this process does not exist. A large number of parameters affect the laser cladding such as laser parameters (power, beam diameter, scanning speed, etc. ), parameters of powder and gas flow. Therefore, experimental investigations of optimum technological modes become the complex problem. The relevance of this work is the need to perform calculations and predictions of rational modes of laser treatment, due to the increasing quality requirements of manufactured parts and technological processes optimization. We investigated in details the parameters of the gas stream and the powder for different coaxial nozzles. The parameters of powder jet essentially depends on the geometrical configuration and the size of output nozzle channels and also the composition of the powder, its dispersion and features of particles interaction with the walls of nozzle. We developed a physical-mathematical model of acceleration of powder particles in the light field of a permanent laser radiation in the conditions of laser cladding owing to the force caused by the reaction of the material–vapor recoil from the beamed part of the particle. We proposed a calculation method of random packing of polydisperse spherical particles which allows, taking into account the weight force and adhesive force between the particles in contact, to obtain the internal structure of loose powder layer close to the real. Discrete model is developed to describe the processes of heat and mass transfer in loose powder layer, which is applicable in the conditions of local laser irradiation in selective laser melting and selective laser sintering. Physico-mathematical models proposed in this work and results of calculations are new and have a practical relevance. The reliability of spent researches is consistent qualitatively with experimental data
Relave, Sébastien. „Caractérisation et prédiction de la microstructure obtenue par fabrication additive. Application aux aciers inoxydables“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEM003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe laser beam melting (LBM) is an additive manufacturing process that allows the production of complex samples trough a layer-by-layer melting of the powder bed by the laser beam. In the most of the studies, the solidification mechanisms were not studied in details. However, from scientific and practical point of view, it is necessary to study and to describe these mechanisms which can help to optimize the mechanical properties of LBM samples. The purposes of this study were to analyse the influence of process parameters and the powder chemical composition on the microstructure of manufactured parts and to develop a numerical simulation model capable to predict the microstructure of the part after material solidification. In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L alloy LBM samples were analysed in dependence on the process parameters and the chemical composition of the powders. The results obtained during the study showed the significant influence of the chemical composition of the powder on the sample microstructure for the same process parameters. It was found that the chemical composition impacts the solidification path of the alloy, the latter can give different microstructure and therefore different mechanical properties. Meanwhile, thanks to thermal model developed, the solidification structure and the shape and size of the melting pool have been identified, according to the process parameters used for the experiment part. Finally, the link between the microstructure observed and the microstructure predicted by the model have been settled, leading to a deeper understanding of the solidification mechanism encountered during the LBM process
Le, neel Tugdual. „Nouvelles méthodologies de conception de moules et noyaux architecturés de fonderie sable fabriqués par fabrication additive“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing impacts the traditional skills of the foundry profession. New machines depositing layer by layer sand and binder allow a manufacturing of custom foundry tools, unitary, and more complex. In this thesis, we are interested in the development of new methodologies for the design of molds and cores for sand foundries. The reflection takes into account the geometrical design, the design constraints, the constraints of additive manufacturing and foundry techniques. A first chapter describes the state of the art, indicating that research opportunities are to be seized. The second chapter proposes a design methodology for optimizing the mass and controlling the mold’s cooling speed by varying - - the thickness and local thermal conductivity of the mold. A third chapter deals with the study of the thermal impact by the architecture of the walls.The fourth chapter offers a cluster design methodology, allowing the optimization of the compactness of the manufacturing build volume. This method also proposes a novel design by nesting the casting sprues. Finally, the fifth chapter proposes to overcome the problem of hot spots by using multi-material additive manufacturing.To support these chapters, tests of thermal conductivity, mechanical resistance, simulations, manufacturing, casting, and analyzes are carried out. Thus, these new manufacturing guidelines will benefit the founders of tomorrow
Rotty, Chloé. „Etude de l’électropolissage d’alliages horlogers issus de fabrication additive en milieu aqueux et solvant non-conventionnel“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is part of the project"MOMEQA" whose main purpose is to supportinnovation in watchmaking industry in Franche-Comté. For high-end pieces, the first visualimpression is crucial and that is why a neatfinishing is required. This is achieved byelectropolishing, which consists in anelectrochemical dissolution process that enablessurface roughness reduction. Although it ispresent in several applications, fundamentalmechanisms of electrochemical polishingremain poorly understood and tailoring theprocess to additive manufacturing parts is in itsearly stages. The first part of the study isdedicated to brass and 316L stainless steel.Basic electrolytic baths (H3PO4 for brasses anda H3PO4/ H2SO4 mixture for 316L stainlesssteel) are used as references. A preliminaryelectrochemical study allows the determinationof optimal electropolishing conditions for eachmaterial and medium. A special attention hasbeen paid to characterization methods, such asmicro-roughness, brightness, microstructure,texture and corrosion resistance. Subsequently,the study was restricted to both cast and additivemanufacturing 316L stainless steels, in order toidentify the influence of manufacturing processon the electropolishing ability. To meet theproject requirements, a pilot cell dedicated tolarge area parts was designed and built. The aimwas to study the scale-up as well as the effectsof workpieces shape. The outcome of this studywas the realization of a mirror finish on a watchdial, allowing validation of the pilot-cell design.The last part of our study consists in replicatingthe process in a less harmful electrolyte, a greensolvent (Deep Eutectic Solvent), made by amixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol.This allows successful electropolishing,compatible with an industrial application.Moreover, it makes possible in-situ AFMmeasurements, impossible in highly corrosiveelectrolytes. Finally, a model forelectropolishing mechanism in the case of 316Lstainless steel was proposed for both media,allowing a good simulation of electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy behaviour
Dumontet, Nathan. „Étude de l'alliage de titane TA6V obtenu par fabrication additive : microstructure, élasticité et contraintes résiduelles“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaser Beam Melting is an additive manufacturing process that reaches a sufficient industrialmaturity to start producing parts in series, even if some problems remain. One of the mostcommonly used materials in additive manufacturing but particularly difficult to use is Ti-6Al-4V, thetitanium alloy most commonly used on Earth. Indeed, the cooling kinetics of the parts producedprecipitate a particular microstructure in the material that is still poorly understood, particularly interms of elasticity. In addition, Ti-6Al-4V elaborated trough additive manufacturing suffers from theappearance of significant residual stresses that can cause cracks in the part. Currently, thesolution used to overcome the residual stresses consists of a heat treatment that allows thestresses to be relaxed, without solving the problem of their genesis. The first part of this work isfocused on the study of the microstructure of raw parts and stress released parts after a heattreatment. We were thus able to study the martensitic phase ' using different microscopy anddiffraction techniques. We were able to study the phase transformation from ' to (+) by thermodifferential analysis. In a second step, elasticity was studied experimentally at the macroscopicscale by tensile and acoustic vibration tests, locally by X-ray diffraction and by atomic calculation.These results on elasticity agree that the ' martensitic phase is less rigid and more anisotropicthan the phase. In the third part of this study, the effect of different additive manufacturingparameters on residual stresses was investigated. Residual stresses were determined by differentdiffraction methods, such as X-ray or neutron diffraction, and bridge curvature (BCM). It could beshown that the thermal conductivity of the substrate, the dwell time and the shape of the samplehad a significant effect on residual stresses while no clear effect of the position on the plate, thesample height or the energy density could be shown. These different results provide anunderstanding of the genesis of residual stresses in Ti-6Al-4V parts from the LBM and its elasticbehaviour. All these results provide a better understanding of the problems encountered in theindustrial sector. This work aims at improving the relevance of the choice of process parametersand thus to predict, or even stop, the arrival of blocking points in additive manufacturing
Chastand, Victor. „Etude du comportement mécanique et des mécanismes d'endommagement de pièces métalliques réalisées par fabrication additive“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing offers new opportunities for industries to manufacture complex parts with no additional tooling and better optimization of the material used.This thesis is about the analysis of the mechanical properties and the damaging mechanisms of parts produced by additive manufacturing, using mechanical properties of casted and wrought parts as reference. This type of analysis is necessary in order to industrialize the process.The tensile and fatigue properties on Titanium Ti-6Al-4V and Aluminium AlSi7Mg0,6 were measured. The effects of the process, the manufacturing direction, the post-machining and the post-heat treatments were compared. Properties are at least at the level of casting.A correlation of these results with microstructures and fracture surfaces was made in order to extract the damaging mechanisms. A method to measure the criticity of the defects in a part was defined. Some of these hypotheses were verified using microtomographic in situ tensile tests
Mezari, Rezak. „Etude du contrôle de procédé de projection laser pour la fabrication additive : Instrumentation, Identification et Commande“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0050/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleApplications using the direct metal deposition laser process have been expanded rapidly, particularly in aeronautics. However, this promising technology reported some difficult points and faced several problems, mainly the process instability. When these phenomena are not controlled, several defects was obtained (lack of mechanical strength, excessive porosity, poor surface, ... etc.). According to their distribution and size, non-conformity, deteriorate the mechanical characteristics of the parts was recorded and result in a significant cost of post-processing. Therefore, it is important to control the process, to make the process both robust and preserve the structural integrity of the piece. This requires the development of instrumentation through the control process, in order to have a real-time system able to adjust the process parameters to keep a high quality of the manufactured part. In this perspective, the studied thesis developed a technological solution (hardware and algorithms) based on cameras (vision) to monitor key parameters during manufacture. The application of this vision system has been allowed for the implementation of innovative methods by using modern automatic tools to monitor the status of the built part or even correct their defects during the manufacture parts, having a monitoring and process control in real time. Furthermore this vision system performed measurements for the inputs and outputs of the process, matched to a dynamic model that lead to the realization of the process control system
Yosofi, Mazyar. „Méthodologie de caractérisation prédictive des procédés de fabrication additive avec une approche technique, économique et environnementale“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0034/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe United Nations aims to modernize industries in order to make them sustainable and more environmentally friendly by 2030. In order to meet these expectation, it is necessary to put in place ways of improving production processes from an environmental point of view. This approach requires a detailed knowledge of the incoming and outgoing flows during the manufacturing of a product. However, this is not the case for additive manufacturing processes where the environmental impacts generated during this stage are still unknown. For that, a quantitative evaluation of the flows involved during the manufaturing of parts is necessary in order to improve the knowledge of the environmental performance of a process. The work of this thesis focuses on the development of methodology for additive manufacturing processes in order to predict information on the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of a product during the design stage of a part. The methodology developped is increasingly interested in all the sources of consumption as well as all the stages necessary for the manufacturing of a mechanical part.This manuscript is divided into six chapters that can present the general context of the study, the state of the art, the methodology developped, a application of the methodology to additive manufacturing processes and the computer tool developed during this thesis. The last chapter is devoted to the conclusion on the contributions of this work and provides research perspectives
Adam, Jérémy. „Développement, modélisation et caractérisation d'une maille innovante réalisée en fabrication additive pour les grands défauts osseux“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0068/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work detailed in this thesis is about a titanium 3D printed mesh for large bone defects. Large bone defects are often due to surgical resections, performed after a cancer or an infection. When the defect reach a critical size, bone regeneration is impossible and it often leads to the loss of function. When it happened, the wound need to be cured using reconstructive surgery. The mandibular reconstruction is one of the most performed reconstructive surgery. Nowadays, we reconstruct the mandible with the fibula free flap technique, which require huge amount of time and resources for mixed results (around 10% failure rate). Based on the international literature, we developed a titanium 3D printed mesh to replace the fibula autograft and limit its side effect while offering to mesenchymal cells optimal growing environment. On the mechanical point of view, this environment requires to decrease the titanium initial rigidity from 110GPa to a range between 0.1 and 1GPa. In order to achieve that goal, we have developed a design methodology that lead us to innovation. We developed a load restauration system that allow us to combine low rigidity and high resistance. In order to find the final design, we used finite element modeling. Then, the final design have been tested mechanically in compression, traction and flexion. Because most of the requirements were reached, we designed an animal study which should take place in the next years. Eventually, we discovered some limitation for metallic 3D printing, essentially due to unsupported areas required for the load restauration. This innovative mesh is today optimized in order to be rapidly given to patients in the need
Hiricoiu, Alexandre. „Contribution à l'analyse expérimentale et numérique pour l'élaboration d'absorbeurs d'énergie obtenus par procédés de fabrication additive“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe profitability of civil transport helicopters is a key parameter that forces aircraft manufacturers to always push forward innovation and design optimization. Next generation of aircraft must be able to fly longer and have increased transport capacities. Weight reduction on in-flight equipment is a critical factor to achieve better performances in the future. The research work carried out during the PhD thesis was initiated by the aeronautical equipment manufacturer Zodiac Seats France, the French leader in the market of technical seats for civil helicopters. The desired objective of the company is the mid-term development of a passenger seat with a targeted mass reduction of 50% to current equipments. This improvement is only possible today with technological breakthrough. New processes, particularly in the field of additive manufacturing, allow nowadays the production of innovative structures with complex shapes. The choice of additive manufacturing technology EBM "Electron Beam Melting" is fixed. The research conducted here aims to ensure the safety of future seats in the event of a crash, thanks to the study of new technical solutions to allow optimal absorption of energy at impact. The works presented are organized in three parts. The first concerns the static and dynamic tensile characterization as well as the numerical modeling of titanium Ti-6Al-4V obtained by additive manufacturing EBM. For this purpose, an experimental protocol and an experimental plan have been defined. The second part aims to validate the material properties established by means of tests and simulations at the scale of complex structures in order to provide the designer with a numerical modeling tool allowing efficient dimensioning. Finally, the third part presents the strategy developed during the thesis to help in optimizing, through the numerical simulation, the future structures capable of absorbing a maximum of energy for a given geometrical space
Yu, Boning. „Analyse de la fatigue, homogénéisation et optimisation de structures architecturées en titane obtenues par fabrication additive“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the design of lattice structures, understanding the material's elastic modulus and its fatigue performance is crucial to ensure the long-term stability of implants within the human body. The study of elastic modulus is particularly important as it effectively avoids stress shielding phenomena and enhances the load trans-fer capacity of the material. Additionally, the fatigue performance of implants during repetitive stress motion inside the human body is also of utmost significance.This study analyzed the elastic deformation behavior and high-cycle compression fatigue behavior of the mapped lattice structure of a rhombic dodecahedron used in medical bone im-plants fabricated through electron beam melting. The research developed analytical and finite element models to estimate the compressive elastic modulus and Poisson's ratios of mapped cellular rhombic dodecahedron structures with and without border constraints. The mapping function x→αx was used to map strut coordinates, causing changes to strut section and position while maintaining porosity. The study investigated compressive elastic modulus, Poisson's rati-os, high-cycle compression-compression fatigue response, and the effect of cryogenic treatment on Ti6Al4V samples.The mechanical properties of the Ti6Al4V rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure showed significant improvement as the mapping ratio α decreased. The equivalent elastic modulus of the cell is related to the number of periodic arrays of single cells under the condition of no boundary constraints. The modulus value increases monotonically with the number of cells and the diameter of the struts, but the range of increase approaches a limit as the number of cells tends to infinity.The influence of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of the specimens and the fatigue fracture mechanism of the struts were analyzed through microstructure characterization. Cryogenic treatment enhanced elastic modulus, compressive strength, and fatigue performance, but increased accumulated strain along the compression direction after fatigue failure. The mi-crostructure of Ti6Al4V material revealed the presence of α-Ti clusters and a strong texture, which influenced mechanical properties. Cryogenic treatment caused lattice distortion, grain refinement, and increased grain boundaries, improving plasticity and fatigue performance while reducing creep resistance.The analysis of mapped cellular rhombic dodecahedron structures introduced the mapping ratio α and developed analytical and finite element models to estimate elastic modulus and Poisson's ratios. The models considered changes in strut section and position. The analytical model showed promising predictions of elastic modulus and accurately reflected the effective elastic modulus of a homogeneous body. Fatigue life prediction involved determining maxi-mum local stress, applying mean stress correction, and establishing the relationship between fatigue life of the homogeneous block and the life of the first fatigue-fractured strut. A nonline-ar relationship was observed between fatigue life and mapping ratio α, with the smallest map-ping ratio showing the best performance. The model provided accurate predictions and offered an alternative approach to predicting fatigue life based on testing results, saving costs.Overall, this research successfully analyzed the mechanical properties, microstructure, and performance of Ti6Al4V base material and mapped cellular rhombic dodecahedron structures, providing valuable insights for understanding and predicting their behavior
Chalvin, Maxime. „Fabrication additive de tubulures par dépôt de fil robotisé multi-axes : génération et optimisation de trajectoires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing through Directed Energy Deposition (DED) enables small batches of parts to be rapidly manufactured. However, manufacturing trajectories usually used for the manufacture of overhanging parts require the use of supports, material which is not useful for the finished part and time consuming. If multi-axis trajectories can be used to avoid them, they present generally a heterogeneous local inter-layer distance, thus requiring a variation of the deposition parameters to adapt the layer height ; variation that can be harmful to the mechanical characteristics of the final part. This thesis first proposes a constant local inter-layer trajectory generation method for DED additive manufacturing of tubular parts defined by parametric curves and which can have profile radius variations. The proposed trajectories have been validated by robotized manufacturing trials of polymer parts. Since the rotation about a coaxial deposition tool axis has no impact on the deposit, the use of 6-axis robots offers a redundancy. Using this redundancy, a layer by layer optimization of the trajectory in the robot space is then proposed. In a constrained robot configuration, the trajectory optimization allows the manufacturing of parts that cannot be manufactured in the usual way, and improves the geometrical quality of the parts with a better repeatability
Ben, Salem Mouna. „Développement d'une capsule de prélèvement de microbiote intestinal utilisant un mécanisme bistable et exploitant la fabrication additive“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe diagnosis and the treatment of gastro-intestinal pathologies have experienced significant development in recent years with the invention of endoscopic capsules which facilitate the access to different sections of the gastro-intestinal tract.Although these capsules can perform several functions such as gastrointestinal tract inspection and drug delivery, microbiota sampling still requires surgery in order to collect intestinal liquid samples.We propose through this work a microbiota sampling device that navigates through the gastro-intestinal tract, takes a sample of the intestinal fluid and protects it from any contamination as the device navigates in the human body. We use a bistable structure to close the capsule after sampling and a sponge for the triggering.The device is safe for the human body, as it does not contain electronic components, batteries and does not require any external intervention.To manufacture the microbiota sampling capsule, we use additive manufacturing. This technology offers the use of biocompatible material at a relatively low cost and allows fast prototyping cycle
Rabenantoandro, Andry Zaid. „Contribution à la fabrication additive dans la construction : conception d’une tête d’impression intelligente, et matériaux de construction“. Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0010.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle3D printing in construction is growing exponentially. This thesis examines the use of existing industrial solutions to meet the need for extrusion-based 3D printing in the construction sector. There are no relevant guidelines for 3D printing in terms of machine specification or material formulation. A prospective study has been carried out to understand the multidisciplinary aspect of 3D printing. The principles of additive manufacturing were highlighted with its advantages, applications and limitations. The 3D printing process was formalized in 5 distinct phases for construction. Thus, a framework for 3D printing in construction, based on the extrusion technique, was proposed. An introduction of a system of system concept and an intelligent level of automation for 3D printing in construction were proposed. This part was realized as a complement to the standardization framework for additive manufacturing in construction. In support of the scientific reasoning to design the appropriate 3D printing solution, an overall system consisting of 5 subsystems was defined. An experimental approach for the evaluation of printability was developed. It consisted of simple tests and dimensionless analysis to characterize the printability of cementitious materials using specific indicators. A print head was designed based on input functionalities such as the possibility to activate an inert material in the head and a control of the outgoing material flow
Hassaine, Daouadji Valentin. „Caractérisation et modélisation de structures lattices obtenues par fabrication additive : application aux équipements sportifs absorbeurs de chocs“. Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing enables the production of complex parts such as lattice structures. Their potential, in terms of lightness, improved impact performances, customization and design, draws the attention of the sports equipment manufacturer DECATHLON, who is considering these meso-structures for helmets and shoes applications. This study focuses on the behaviour of several lattices subjected to compressive loading.A preliminary experimental phase identified the behaviour of two materials (PA12 and TPU) produced by a laser sintering process (SLS). The technical feasibility of lattices structures in sports products was then evaluated using static compressions and dynamic impacts adapted to helmet and footwear standards.The second stage of the study consists in developing numerical tools for the design of lattices structures. Several lattices were produced. There mechanical behaviour was characterized in several aspects: the static response under compressive loadings was compared to foams conventionally used for energy absorption; the dimensional stability of the structures and the quantification of the kinematic fields under stress were assessed by micro-tomography.Thanks to these observations, the relevance of a numerical lattice model realized under a finite element code was evaluated. Its lack of representativeness of the junction zones of the beams (the vertices) limits its use. Nevertheless, a local stiffening at the vertices, studied by a numerical design of experiment, greatly improved the modeling
Al-Meslemi, Yahya Ismail. „Modélisation prédictive pour la Fabrication Additive métallique : Caractéristiques clés et applications à la caractérisation de la porosité“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPAST007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract : Quality control remains the main barrier for broader adoption of Additive Manufacturing processes. Data analytics, physical process modelling, part measurement and metrological assessment, are more and more used to achieve better quality. However, there are still significant modeling, computational, and measurement challenges stemming from the broad range of the involved parameters affecting the quality of the final part.In this thesis, we focus on overcoming some of these quality-related limits. We propose a predictive modeling approach to perform porosity characterization and to determine the range of manufacturing working conditions based on a limited set of previously collected data.The proposed systematic modeling approach uses Gaussian Process (GP) to map the entire experimental space based on limited predetermined measured points. GP integrates a covariant function, which uses statistical bayesian inference coupled with Markov Chain to estimate model parameters, based on the collected data. These data are generated based on a proposed experimental design and CT scan image analysis protocol. Finally, and for an efficient implementation of approach, we benefit from establishing correlations between the manufacturing process conditions and the product’s features, based on Key Characteristics (KCs) while considering the whole value chain in AM. These KCs are evaluated based on their importance and ordered hierarchically from a statistical point of view
Hassaine, Daouadji Valentin. „Caractérisation et modélisation de structures lattices obtenues par fabrication additive : application aux équipements sportifs absorbeurs de chocs“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing enables the production of complex parts such as lattice structures. Their potential, in terms of lightness, improved impact performances, customization and design, draws the attention of the sports equipment manufacturer DECATHLON, who is considering these meso-structures for helmets and shoes applications. This study focuses on the behaviour of several lattices subjected to compressive loading.A preliminary experimental phase identified the behaviour of two materials (PA12 and TPU) produced by a laser sintering process (SLS). The technical feasibility of lattices structures in sports products was then evaluated using static compressions and dynamic impacts adapted to helmet and footwear standards.The second stage of the study consists in developing numerical tools for the design of lattices structures. Several lattices were produced. There mechanical behaviour was characterized in several aspects: the static response under compressive loadings was compared to foams conventionally used for energy absorption; the dimensional stability of the structures and the quantification of the kinematic fields under stress were assessed by micro-tomography.Thanks to these observations, the relevance of a numerical lattice model realized under a finite element code was evaluated. Its lack of representativeness of the junction zones of the beams (the vertices) limits its use. Nevertheless, a local stiffening at the vertices, studied by a numerical design of experiment, greatly improved the modeling
Rabenantoandro, Andry Zaid. „Contribution à la fabrication additive dans la construction : conception d’une tête d’impression intelligente, et matériaux de construction“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0010.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle3D printing in construction is growing exponentially. This thesis examines the use of existing industrial solutions to meet the need for extrusion-based 3D printing in the construction sector. There are no relevant guidelines for 3D printing in terms of machine specification or material formulation. A prospective study has been carried out to understand the multidisciplinary aspect of 3D printing. The principles of additive manufacturing were highlighted with its advantages, applications and limitations. The 3D printing process was formalized in 5 distinct phases for construction. Thus, a framework for 3D printing in construction, based on the extrusion technique, was proposed. An introduction of a system of system concept and an intelligent level of automation for 3D printing in construction were proposed. This part was realized as a complement to the standardization framework for additive manufacturing in construction. In support of the scientific reasoning to design the appropriate 3D printing solution, an overall system consisting of 5 subsystems was defined. An experimental approach for the evaluation of printability was developed. It consisted of simple tests and dimensionless analysis to characterize the printability of cementitious materials using specific indicators. A print head was designed based on input functionalities such as the possibility to activate an inert material in the head and a control of the outgoing material flow
Sanviemvongsak, Tom. „Oxydation et corrosion à haute température de superalliages à base de nickel issus de la fabrication additive“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe resistance to isothermal and cyclic oxidation of alloy 718 produced by laser beam melting (LBM) and electron beam melting (EBM) was compared to that of wrought alloy 718 (AMS5662). Isothermal oxidation tests at 850 °C in air showed similar oxidation behaviour in terms of weight gain and intergranular oxidation for all three alloys. The effect of roughness on oxidation kinetics was quantified and it was shown that the intergranular oxidation kinetics follow Wagner's model of internal oxidation partially controlled by the volume diffusion of Al. Cyclic oxidation tests at 900 °C showed a much more adherent oxide layer for the wrought sample than for the LBM and EBM samples. This could be due to a higher amount of sulphur in solution in the AM samples. The resistance to cyclic hot corrosion and cyclic oxidation at 900 °C and 1100 °C of superalloys from AM (Alloy A, IN738, C1023 and Hastelloy X) were compared. The tests carried out on CIRIMAT’s cyclic oxidation rig and on Safran Helicopter Engine’s burner rig showed similar mass variation kinetics on the two rigs despite the very different atmospheres, except for alloys strongly affected by hot corrosion at 900 °C on the burner rig. The alloys most susceptible to cyclic hot corrosion have a lower Cr content (Alloy A) and/or a high Mo content (C1023), and exhibit intergranular oxidation (Alloy A, C1023 and 738). Overall, for the densest materials, the results do not show significant differences between the samples made by AM and the cast samples. These results validate the use of these AM Ni-based superalloys, as far as high temperature oxidation-corrosion is concerned
Ginoux, Geoffrey. „Impression 3D et nanocomposites : Étude du comportement de mélanges PLA/argile appliquée à la fabrication additive par extrusion de matériaux“. Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing process is a preparation for the forming of a workpiece by the addition of material, by stacking successive layers. Although more and more polymers can be implemented by this technology, the filled polymers are practically absent, so they are widely used in other types of shaping methods. The scientific and technological objectives of the project are (i) a better understanding of the relationship between the rheological behavior of polymer systems and their ability to shaping by additive manufacturing technologies FDM, (ii) the development of polymer-based formulations biosourced adapted to these technologies and providing multifunctionality. The first goal will require first of all to identify the conditions (temperature, velocity gradients, nature constraints ...) imposed by the processes considered then to implement and / or adapt the means of characterization of the rheological behavior of polymer systems under these conditions. The rheological behavior in shear but also in elongation may be considered. It should in particular identify the necessary compromise between behavior adapted to the flow at the die or nozzle and meltability and consolidation layer by layer. Finally, the effect of different ways of functionalization considered on the rheological and thermal behavior and thus on the ability to formatting will be analyzed. In order to adapt the bio-sourced polymers for a wide range of applications, various routes of functionalization will be considered based on compounding with particulate fillers
Jaber, Jana. „Application de la fabrication additive à la modélisation physique des joints et des massifs rocheux, par approches expérimentales et numériques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a study of the application of additive manufacturing (known as 3D printing) to rock mechanics. It is part of a larger project aimed at building a 2m3 physical model of an explicit discontinuous rock mass, whose behaviour is mainly controlled by discontinuities. The 3DP technology adopted in this work is selective laser sintering, and the material is Polyamide 12. First, we present the experimental results of the mechanical characterization of artificial rock joints constructed by 3DP. Two joint families are tested. The first is characterized by a fixed aperture (0,4mm), a simplified geometry (planar or sawtooth), and containing rock bridges. The mechanical characterization shows that these joints exhibit a mechanical behavior similar to that of natural rock joints under shear tests, with a cohesion driven by the rock bridges, and a friction angle which depends on the angle of the asperities. The second family consists of joints with more realistic roughnesses, to which a JRC value, commonly used to describe natural joints, can be assigned. Again, experimental results show the potential of artificial joints to reproduce the mechanical behavior of natural joints, and to respect the Barton-Bandis criterion. Experimental studies are coupled with numerical modeling, using the UDEC software, to define the appropriate model that reproduces the experimental results, and to calibrate the mechanical parameters of both joints type. After defining different artificial joints with controlled parameters, cylindrical samples (16 x 32 cm) containing two and eight planar discontinuities with rock bridges are printed and tested under uni-axial compression. This is a first attempt at an explicitly discontinuous physical model containing joints with controlled mechanical behaviour. The mechanical behavior of these samples highlights the influence of discontinuities in controlling the global behavior and resistance of rock masses. The results are then compared to a numerical modeling under 3EDC. Finally, scaling laws are applied to the previous results. The application of scale factors to the experimental results shows the possibility of representing natural rock mass and rock joints with artificial 3DP joints (SLS technique) up to a scale factor on metric dimensions of 1/25
Corona, Galvan Luis. „Prototypage rapide de pièces en acier : étude du dépôt de matière et d'énergie lors de la fusion à l'arc d'un fil par le procédé MIG-CMT“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS062/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA test bench specially dedicated to additive manufacturing by a new technology based on the electric arc melting of a metallic wire has been developed. This technology uses an electric arc welding process called Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) as energy source to ensure the controlled melting of the wire and the deposition of liquid metal droplets to produce mechanical parts by superposing weld beads. The developed technology was used to make specimens from a low alloyed steel wire. The influence of the many parameters controlling the arc welding source on the mechanism of wire melting and transfer of molten metal droplets to form weld beads was studied. The melting-transfer cycles of liquid metal were analyzed in particular with special interest in the energies generated during each of the cycle phases. This knowledge has made possible to find different process settings for increasing the metal deposition rate compared to the pre-recorded standard settings in the microprocessor of the CMT welding generator. Walls consisting of the superposition of a large number of weld beads were then made, and the influence of the addition of many layers on the geometry of the deposits were discussed. Finally, a method of online control of the process, based on the principle of control charts, has been developed. A detailed study of the representative waveforms of current and voltage of the melting / transfer cycle with the CMT process has allowed to identify the most relevant characteristics for detecting, from a control chart, a deviation on the process that may lead to the appearance of geometrical defects
Limousin, Maxime. „Développement d’inserts de moule pour l’injection plastique en acier inoxydable martensitique et en verre métallique massif produits par Laser Beam Melting (LBM)“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEE003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to increase molds lifetime. Mains phenomena to limit are abrasion wear and corrosion. For this purpose, two material families have been preselected. They have been identified among stainless steels and bulk metallic glasses. This work details their selection, development in additive manufacturing and characterization for both materials. In the end, this thesis delivers a new steel grade adapted to the additive manufacturing and plastic injection molds, which affords good corrosion resistance, high hardness and a comparatively good thermal conduction. Concerning the bulk metallic glass, this work shows that the chosen composition allowed to preserve enough amorphous material to induce exceptional properties and give strong hopes to continue in this vein
Béal, Maxime. „Compréhension et maîtrise de la mise en œuvre par fabrication additive (LPBF) d'un alliage d'aluminium à basse teneur en silicium pour l'aéronautique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDL0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing is becoming more and more mature and has shown its capacity to be a disruptive technology in terms of industrial innovation. Indeed, additive manufacturing allows to obtain a functional part from a 3D file. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is one of the additive manufacturing processes. Thales® is very interested in this type of process and would like to develop LPBF to increase its competitiveness in the aeronautical market. An aluminium alloy has been developed for the LPBF process and patented by Thales in 2019. The objective of the thesis work presented in this manuscript is to continue the work carried out on this alloy and to facilitate the industrialisation process of this alloy by the LPBF process for aeronautical and aerospace parts. The manuscript is divided into 4 parts, the first one focusing on the bibliography and the methods used. The second part deals with laser-material interaction and roughness optimisation. Part three deals with the life cycle of the powder by analysing the effect of reuse and storage on the process. Finally, the fourth and last part focuses on the optimisation of the chemical composition of the alloy and the search for a suitable heat treatment. The optimisation of the laser interaction showed the relationship between the parameters used and the geometry of the molten pool formed. It was also shown that it was harder to use the 6061-Zr alloy than a cast aluminium alloy such as Al-Si alloy. This chapter also highlighted the focal shift phenomenon and the importance of the plate altitude which has a strong impact on the process. Subsequently, a roughness optimisation was carried out by applying contours. A very good surface finish was obtained, however, this method was tested on more complex geometries than cubes and showed its weaknesses. The life cycle of the powder was then discussed. The reuse of the powder leads to an increase in oxygen content and chemical modification of the powder. Sieving is essential to ensure particle size and avoid these phenomena. The storage of powders is critical for the intended applications. Indeed, storage as carried out in this study has shown a strong impact on the process reducing the density, elongation and resilience of the parts while degrading the surface finish. As the patent for 6061-Zr is quite broad, the zirconium content was optimised to meet the specifications as much as possible while avoiding hot cracking. Subsequently, heat treatments were applied to alloys with different levels of Zirconium in order to observe the impact of these treatments as a function of temperature, duration and the level of Zirconium content. All of these results helped to remove scientific obstacles and thus facilitate the progression of this technology into controlled industrialisation for aeronautical and space applications
Doutre, Pierre-Thomas. „Comment intégrer et faire émerger des structures architecturées dans l'optimisation de pièces pour la fabrication additive par faisceaux d’électrons“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThanks to additive manufacturing, it is now possible to manufacture new geometric shapes. The prospects offered by the methods of conventional and additive manufacturing are very different. Highly constrained design proposals can become much freer with additive manufacturing. The freedom it offers brings forward a multitude of possibilities. In this manuscript, we focused on a particular type of structures (the octetruss) as well as the use of EBM (Electron Beam Melting) of ARCAM as a means of manufacturing. The work presented in this thesis was carried out in the laboratories G-SCOP and SIMAP as well as in partnership with the company POLY-SHAPE. This manuscript focuses on three main points.The first of which is the action of emergence of lattice structures during the design process. For this, two existing approaches are detailed. The first uses topological optimization and the second is based on the concept of equivalent material. Following these, there are two methodologies used to identify areas in which the integration of lattice structures is possible and appropriate. The first consists of creating the different zones by relying on a stress field resulting from a finite element calculation, the second establishes the different zones using a topological optimization result. This second methodology is applied to an industrial case study.Secondly, we study how to fill the different areas with appropriate lattice structures by focusing first on their generation. Particular emphasis is placed on the intersection of the various bars by the establishment of spheres. A methodology for generating rounded-shape is also proposed. A study is carried out on all the parameters and information in order to integrate a lattice structure to a given area. This study leads to a proposed methodology that is applied to an industrial case study.Finally, aspects related to manufacturing are taken into account. For this, we consider different limits of the EBM manufacturing and what they mean for lattice structures; such as maximum achievable dimensions or thermal problems. A study to predict powder removal in order to extract the fabricated structure is performed. Mechanical tests are carried out. Our results are compared to those obtained in other works. The impact of curve on the mechanical behavior of a product is discussed
Fischer, Marie. „Élaboration in situ d’alliages de titane et de structures architecturées par fabrication additive : application aux dispositifs médicaux implantables“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0257/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe initial problematic arises from the fact that implant failure is often caused by a mismatch between the elastic properties of the bone and those of the implant. Nowadays, an increasing interest is given to this mechanical biocompatibility and led to the development of β-metastable titanium alloys that possess low Young’s modulus, about half that of the conventionally used Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Moreover, lattice structures are currently being the subject of many investigations with the aim of achieving low Young’s modulus and high strength. Their fabrication, with accurate control over the architecture, is made possible thanks to additive manufacturing processes and the several possibilities they offer: design freedom, reduced material usage rate, complex shapes, mass customisation... The present work focuses on the implementation of low modulus titanium alloy Ti-26Nb(at.%) by the means of selective laser melting. An in situ elaboration strategy, based on a mixture of elemental powders, is explored in order to allow potential composition adjustments and to overcome the unavailability of titanium alloy powders. The approach is carried out using two distinct powder morphologies, spherical and irregular. The effects of the numerous parameters of the process (laser power, speed, scanning strategy...) on homogeneity and porosity of the manufactured parts is quantified. A homogeneous alloy can be obtained subject to the use of suitable energy density levels and powder size distributions that take into account the respective fusion temperatures of both elements. Microstructure characterisation highlights a pronounced texture resulting from the scanning strategy. The elaborated samples display a low Young’s modulus associated with a high strength, and hence a favourable strength to elastic modulus ratio compared to the reference cast alloy. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm is developed and allows controlling the mechanical properties of a lattice structure with its geometrical parameters (radius, length and orientation of struts). The combined use of this low Young’s modulus titanium alloy with a lattice structure developed through this algorithm was applied to the design of a total hip prosthesis that was subjected to finite element simulations. Stress-shielding evaluation shows that, compared to a solid design, this kind of prosthesis permits to reduce stress-shielding significantly. By getting closer to a physiological model, this prosthesis can be qualified as “biomimetic” in terms of mechanical behaviour
Carassus, Hugo. „Comportement dynamique des matériaux cellulaires issus de la fabrication additive pour l'allègement structural et la sécurité au crash et à l'impact“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rise of additive manufacturing since the end of the 20th century has made it possible to consider the design of new architectural cellular materials combining lightness and high energy absorption capacity. Their use in the field of ground or air transport sectors is therefore of interest to contribute jointly to structural lightening and safety in the event of a crash and/or impact.The objectives of the research work are to investigate and model the mechanical behaviour, under uniaxial dynamic loadings, of this new category of cellular materials, the TPMS (Triply Period Minimal Surface) structures, for which the current state of the art is rather focused on quasi-static or cyclic loadings.The work presented in this thesis is organised in three parts. The first part aims to characterise the mechanical behaviour of the constitutive material, 316L steel chosen for its high ductility, produced by the SLM (Selective Laser Melting) process. The specificities induced by laser melting on a powder bed, such as anisotropy and strain rate sensitivity, are identified and modelised by material behaviour laws.The second part of this thesis focuses on the mechanical response of TPMS structures under quasi-static and dynamic solicitations. The mechanical responses of the structures show the characteristics of an ideal energy absorber with the absence of an initial peak, a long and slightly rising plateau phase, and a late densification. In addition, the deformation mechanisms are stable. Compared to other so-called conventional cellular materials, the energy absorption capacities of TPMS structures are superior with the advantage of being less sensitive to the direction of solicitation for uniaxial loading. In the dynamic regime, the observed increase in energy absorption capacities is linked to the sensitivity of the constitutive material.This experimental approach is coupled with a detailed numerical FE approach at the mesoscopic scale in order to better understand the local collapse mechanisms that measurement alone does not allow, especially under dynamic solicitations. The numerical model is capable of predicting the experimental mechanical response fairly accurately, based in particular on the material behaviour laws identified previously. Locally, the deformation is a combination of several mechanisms such as buckling, bending and shearing. Energy absorption diagrams and Gibson-Ashby laws are determined in order to relate the energy absorption capacities to the geometrical dimensions and thus to choose the most suitable configuration for the imposed specifications
Danaci, Simge. „Optimisation et intégration de catalyseurs structurés en réacteurs structurés pour la conversion de CO₂ en méthane“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this doctoral study, the three dimensional fibre deposition (3DFD) technique has been applied to develop and manufacture advanced multi-channelled catalytic support structures. By using this technique, the material, the porosity, the shape and size of the channels and the thickness of the fibres can be controlled. The aim of this research is to investigate the possible benefits of 3D-designed structured supports for CO2 methanation in terms of activity, selectivity and stability and the impact of specific properties introduced in the structural design of the supports
Bercelli, Lorenzo. „Étude des propriétés en fatigue polycyclique des matériaux et des structures obtenus par le procédé de fabrication additive arc-fil“. Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing processes act as an alternative to the production of complex geometries and high added value parts. It is the case in the naval industry for which the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is used to fabricate hollow structures. WAAM materials usually show a heterogeneous microstructure, internal defects, a strong residual stress field and rough asbuilt surfaces. The objective of the present work is to propose a method for fatigue life prediction taking into account both the internal defects and the rough asbuilt surfaces. The material parameters of probabilistic models are determined through the use of thermometry in fatigue tests. Firstly, it is shown that the self-heating of machined samples is not affected by the presence of rare pores, allowing for the identification of the fatigue properties of a virtually defect-free WAAM material. Secondly, the use of infrared thermography allows for the detection and the tracking of fatigue cracks on rough as-built surfaces of samples, giving useful information to the modelisation of crack propagation. Finally, these tests results are confronted to the case of a hollow WAAM structures with rough as-built internal surfaces. The fatigue testing of these structures allow to set the basis of a fatigue dimensioning method
Marion, Guillaume. „Modélisation de procédés de fabrication additive de pièces aéronautiques et spatiales en Ti-6AI-4V par dépôt et fusion sélective d'un lit de poudre par laser : Approche thermique, métallurgique et mécanique“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing processes allow to build finished industrial parts with very complex geometry, while reducing development time and costs compared to conventional manufacturing processes. The main principle of all these processes is to build components directly from a CAD file defining its geometry without requiring any mold nor specific tools.This study is part of the FALAFEL research project focused on additive manufacturing processes by laser and electron beams. It is composed of academic research laboratories and industrial partners from Aeronautics and Laser Processes industries. The main goal of this project is to implement, improve and validate additive manufacturing processes regarding the production of metallic components for Aeronautics. Studies are conducted under industrial conditions.The aim of our thesis is to provide a numerical model to obtain, within a reasonable time, information about the mechanical and metallurgical properties of industrial components made out of titanium Ti-6Al-4V. It is aimed at two additive manufacturing processes: the Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) and the Selective laser melting (SLM)
Blanc, Toinou. „Fabrication additive par dépôt laser direct de TA6V : étude expérimentale dans des régimes de forte productivité, modèles de comportement et recyclage de la poudre“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, aggregates several processes that allows to build parts by stacking layers of a given material, directly from CAD models, without specific tools. Over the past decade, additive processes have gained in notoriety much more rapidly than their industrial applications gained in profitability.Indeed, these technologies must still mature, especially for metallic applications. This is the challenge of the project FUI-9 FALAFEL, in which this thesis takes place, carried out in partnership with several industrial and academic actors. It aims to accompany the development of the direct laser deposition process (DLD), also known as laser metal deposition (LMD).This consists in projecting and melting metal powder on a substrate in a defined pattern, layer by layer. It allows to obtain large size and low complexity parts with high roughness and a proper productivity, despite being still insufficient for industrialization.The specificity of the present work is to study the DLD process in operating modes that allow to reach high build rates (> 100 cc/h), in application to the titanium alloy TA6V.This work is driven by two research focus. In the first place, we try to improve the understanding and control of the process by establishing the relationships between operating parameters, geometric criteria, melt pool stability, process efficiency and generated microstructure.In a second stage, we focus on the possibility to reuse powders that remain unmelted after deposition. Up to 3 levels of powder recycling are studied, without dilution with new powder. We then carried out tests to check that the mechanical properties were in accordance with the aeronautical requirements
Dumoulin, Emmanuel. „Fabrication additive de pièces en polymères thermoplastiques hautes performances et en polyamide 12 par le procédé de frittage sélectif par laser“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01021861.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDupin, Stephane. „Etude fondamentale de la transformation du polyamide 12 par frittage laser : mécanismes physico-chimiques et relations microstructures/propriétés“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0062/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive processing technologies are aimed at manufacturing parts directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) file, without the need for tooling. Therefore flexibility of production increases and manufacturing of small to mid-size series of very complex or even customized parts becomes possible within reduced development time and expenses. Because of the good mechanical properties obtained in the parts, the most commonly used among additive technologies for polymers is laser sintering (LS). The objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the different physical mechanisms involved during laser sintering of polyamide 12 powders. Many operating variables impact the laser sintering process. Especially, the energy supplied to the powder with the laser beam depends on its power, its displacement velocity and the scan spacing. Moreover, the polymer material undergoes a quite severe thermal treatment : before its sintering, the powder is preheated, then in the build tank the sintered parts and the un-sintered surrounding powder remain until the end of the job at elevated temperatures. This thermal history induces ageing, which modifies some powder features and hinders its future reuse. The influence of the parameters mentioned above on the part microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Moreover the use of different polyamide 12 powders enabled to identify the key material characteristics towards the physical processes involved in LS and towards the final properties of parts. The laser sintering of semi-crystalline polymers is governed by several fundamental mechanisms: melting of particles, interdiffusion of macromolecular chains at interfaces, coalescence of molten particles, then densification and finally crystallisation. The study and modelling of crystallisation were carried out with one of the PA12 powders used in the first part of this work. From this modelling, the time during which the polymer remains in the molten state during the process was estimated. Next, a rheological analysis made within the framework of linear viscoelasticity of polymer melts allowed to compute the interdiffusion time of the macromolecular chains. Moreover, the coalescence process of molten particles was observed at different temperatures and modeled. The characteristic times thus estimated for these physical processes were opposed to the time during which the polymer remains in the molten state and confirmed the good consolidation obtained by laser sintering of polyamide 12. In conclusion this work contributes to understand the different physico-chemical mechanisms involved during polymer laser sintering by specifying the relations between powder parameters, process variables and final properties of parts. Many recommendations for the optimisation of powder properties can be derived from this work for the purpose of developing new polymeric materials adapted to this process
Pavlov, Mikhail. „Application des dispositifs de diagnostic optique multi-spectraux dans les procédés de fabrication additive : fusion sélective par laser et projection laser coaxiale“. Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENISE007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe manuscript contains four chapters including a general introduction presenting the optical diagnostics, followed by a chapter on the application of the selective laser melting and two chapters on a process of laser cladding. Chapter 1 is an introduction to optical diagnostics tools designed to measure the temperature of an object without physical contact. The importance of the choice of the spectral band as a function of temperature is also highlighted. Chapter 2 describes the study the process of selective laser melting. The first part concerns the description of the selective laser melting machine used. On this machine various optical elements have been added for visualization of powder layering process and the molten pool coaxially with the laser beam. Chapter 3 describes the study of laser cladding of titanium carbide and steel powders. This chapter begins with a bibliographical part. Thermal imaging camera (3-5 micron band) and a multi-wavelength pyrometer (1-1. 27 microns) were applied to monitor the zone of laser action. The effects of various operating parameters on the temperature profiles (true and brightness) were examined in detail. The fourth chapter describes the laser cladding on a substrate TA6V with powder of the same composition. A thermal imaging camera (3-5 microns) was applied to obtain the temperature distributions in the laser action zone