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Dissertationen zum Thema „Extreme user“
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Redondo, Ruiz Daniel. „Unobtrusive interaction design in extreme sports : What aspects are important to consider when designing an unobtrusive interaction for wearable devices in extreme sports?“ Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90201.
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This paper is a study of the aspects that are important to consider when designing an unobtrusive interaction for wearable devices in the area of extreme sports. The work is based on an analytical study of seemly-unrelated areas with the common facet that they all call for an unobtrusive interaction in their devices. The findings of the analysis conclude that it is necessary a change of direction in the design because it is not possible to design an unobtrusive interaction that relies on active manipulation. Activity theory and affective computing present theoretical principles with the potential to be used as a framework for HCI and solve the mentioned issues. Finally, I design the user interface of a specific case in the areas of mountain biking and skiing to use it as design-oriented research. An essential aspect of this case is the use of expert feedback and video simulations to drive the design process. Another important point is the definition of the situations and variables that will be observed by the system to adapt itself so it is able to continue being unobtrusive and helpful through the changes.
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Vogel, Michael. „Kundenintegration in die Innovations-Frühphase Methodentransfer für Industriegüter aus der Software-Entwicklung /“. St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02603660001/$FILE/02603660001.pdf.
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Schreier, Martin, Stefan Oberhauser und Reinhard Wilhelm Prügl. „Lead users and the adoption and diffusion of new products: Insights from two extreme sports communities“. Springer Verlag, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-9009-3.
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Lead users are proposed as a valuable resource for marketers in terms of the (1)
development, (2) adoption, and (3) diffusion of new products. We present the first consumer study
to provide evidence that the latter two suggestions are justified. First, we find that lead users
demonstrate stronger domain-specific innovativeness than more "ordinary" users. Second, lead
users perceive new technologies as less "complex" and might therefore be better prepared to adopt
them. Third, we find that lead users demonstrate stronger opinion leadership and weaker opinion
seeking tendencies. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the marketing of new
products. (authors' abstract)
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Hansson, Kristina. „User-Centered Extreme Programming Development : a combination of two software development process in theory and practice“. Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-549.
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Minuzzi, Tiago da Silva. „Ustory-Refactory: ferramenta de refatoração de requisitos aplicada em cartões user stories (CRC Cards)“. Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2242.
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O surgimento de novas metodologias ágeis para apoiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas, como a Extreme Programming (XP), vem causando impacto nas empresas de desenvolvimento de software, especialmente por sua flexibilidade nas mudanças de requisitos no decorrer do projeto. Assim, um melhor entendimento e representação estrutural dos requisitos tornam-se fundamental. Logo, esta pesquisa aplica o conceito das técnicas de refatoração de código dentro da Engenharia de Requisitos, que é focado na metodologia XP, por meios das User Stories. O trabalho aplica um conjunto de padrões e regras que permite aos requisitos expressos em cartões CRC serem refatorados através de pré e pós-condições, sendo que esses requisitos são descritos por mapas conceituais (MC) em formato OWL. Por sua vez, os MCs são convertidos em diagramas de classes da UML por meio da UML-MC que formaliza esta transformação. Dessa forma, o ambiente UStory-Refactory automatiza parcialmente o processo de refatoração e permite que os requisitos refatorados
The emergence of new agile methodologies to support systems development, as the Extreme Programming (XP), has been causing impact on software development companies, specially for its flexibility in the requirements changes during the project. Thus, a better understanding and structural representation of the requirements become basic. Then, this research applies the concept of the code refactoring techniques, inside of the Requirements Engineering, which is focused at XP methodology, through the User Stories. The work applies a set of standards and rules that allows the requirements expressed in CRC cards to be refactored through pre and post-conditions, and the requirements are described for conceptual maps (CMaps) in OWL format. In their turn, the CMaps are converted into UML classes diagrams by the UML-MC that formalizes this transformation. This way, the UStory-Refactory environment partially automatizes the refactoring process and allows the refactored requirements to be exported in OWL format, promoting
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Arun, Ashutosh. „A novel Road User Safety Field Theory for traffic safety assessment applying video analytics“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/234039/1/Ashutosh_Arun_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis introduces a new Road User Safety Field Theory to proactively assess traffic safety by studying the interactions of various road users at signalised intersections. The proposed theory combines road traffic environmental factors, vehicle capabilities and personal characteristics to determine the extent and strength of road users’ safety ‘bubble’ or field across various traffic interactions. By applying the Artificial Intelligence-based video data analytics, the proposed Road User Safety Field Theory is found to better estimate crash risks in terms of crash frequency and severity than traditional traffic conflict techniques.
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Hansson, Christina. „User Driven Software Development in a Small Company“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5284.
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Field studies, interviews and participative observations have been the main methods in this master thesis where the author has studied, and partially participated, in the development process of a booking system called FRI. Idavall is the small company that develops this suc-cessful software despite small resources. Characteristic for Idavall is in the way they manage to involve their about 1300 users in the development process. The development process is highly flexible which is required when rapidly changes are common. The overall question in this thesis is: How do Idavall manage to develop this software in a flexible way and successfully involve their users in the development process? Idavall arranges FRI-meetings, courses and demonstrations where users meet each other and a representative from Idavall. All participants discuss FRI and have the opportunity to propose changes, improvements and report bugs. One of the most important parts of the busi-ness idea of Idavall is to offer a proper, friendly and professional support. The support is one of the most important possibilities to be informed about the users? needs, wishes and propos-als. This, what I called, user driven development has a lot of common with Participatory De-sign (PD) where users participate in the design of new software. PD implies that users of software should take part in decisions that affect the system and the way it is used and de-signed. Idavall make use of a kind of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), which is a concept used in the marketing arena. The objective of CRM is to create a strong, mutual and trustful relationship between supplier and customer. By using CRM in combination with PD it is possible to enhance the user participation and enable user driven development. The company has a flexible development process, which is built on an informal way of driving the process. Informal meetings are common where decisions about changes and im-provements are taken quickly. New versions are delivered about 20 times a year. The employ-ees meet several times a day in the central located coffee room and discuss problems. The development process has a lot of common with Extreme Programming (XP), which is a software development methodology that aims to make software development more flexi-ble and focus on highly flexible environments with quickly changing requirements. XP is de-scribed briefly and comparisons are made to the development process of FRI as well as short-comings of XP in the context of PD.
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Costello, Anthony. „Facilitating Information Retrieval in Social Media User Interfaces“. Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6257.
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As the amount of computer mediated information (e.g., emails, documents, multi-media) we need to process grows, our need to rapidly sort, organize and store electronic information likewise increases. In order to store information effectively, we must find ways to sort through it and organize it in a manner that facilitates efficient retrieval. The instantaneous and emergent nature of communications across networks like Twitter makes them suitable for discussing events (e.g., natural disasters) that are amorphous and prone to rapid changes. It can be difficult for an individual human to filter through and organize the large amounts of information that can pass through these types of social networks when events are unfolding rapidly. A common feature of social networks is the images (e.g., human faces, inanimate objects) that are often used by those who send messages across these networks. Humans have a particularly strong ability to recognize and differentiate between human Faces. This effect may also extend to recalling information associated with each human Face. This study investigated the difference between human Face images, non-human Face images and alphanumeric labels as retrieval cues under different levels of Task Load. Participants were required to recall key pieces of event information as they emerged from a Twitter-style message feed during a simulated natural disaster. A counter-balanced within-subjects design was used for this experiment. Participants were exposed to low, medium and high Task Load while responding to five different types of recall cues: (1) Nickname, (2) Non-Face, (3) Non-Face & Nickname, (4) Face and (5) Face & Nickname. The task required participants to organize information regarding emergencies (e.g., car accidents) from a Twitter-style message feed. The messages reported various events such as fires occurring around a fictional city. Each message was associated with a different recall cue type, depending on the experimental condition. Following the task, participants were asked to recall the information associated with one of the cues they worked with during the task. Results indicate that under medium and high Task Load, both Non-Face and Face retrieval cues increased recall performance over Nickname alone with Non-Faces resulting in the highest mean recall scores. When comparing medium to high Task Load: Face & Nickname and Non-Face significantly outperformed the Face condition. The performance in Non-Face & Nickname was significantly better than Face & Nickname. No significant difference was found between Non-Faces and Non-Faces & Nickname. Subjective Task Load scores indicate that participants experienced lower mental workload when using Non-Face cues than using Nickname or Face cues. Generally, these results indicate that under medium and high Task Load levels, images outperformed alphanumeric nicknames, Non-Face images outperformed Face images, and combining alphanumeric nicknames with images may have offered a significant performance advantage only when the image is that of a Face. Both theoretical and practical design implications are provided from these findings.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering
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Martins, Júnior Machado. „RequirementX: um a ferramenta para suporte à gerência de requisitos em extreme Programming baseada em mapas conceituais“. Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2244.
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Uma das tarefas críticas na confecção de sistemas de software é a elicitação de requisitos, a qual configura uma ação de descoberta de conhecimento. Assim, muitas técnicas são empregadas na tentativa de minimizar conflitos de idéias, conceitos mal formados, interpretações redundantes e omissão de dados; sendo que, para tanto, o uso de cenários, entrevistas, cartões, viewpoints e diagramas de Use Case são utilizados como ferramentas para diminuir a distância entre o técnico e o usuário na definição dos requisitos. Além disso, os Mapas Conceituais têm sido empregados com muita eficiência em tarefas de captura de conhecimento, portanto, este trabalho utiliza esse conceito como forma de organizar, identificar, aprimorar conceitos e definições dos requisitos de um software de forma cooperativa, formatado em User Story da metodologia Extreme Programming (XP). Com esse objetivo, o processo é apoiado por uma ferramenta baseada na web, que automatiza a geração, organização e acompanhamento da captura dos requisitos ge
One of the hardest tasks of building a software system is requirements elicitation, which triggers a knowledge discovery action. Thus, many techniques are used with the intention to minimize idea conflicts, misformed concepts, erroneous interpretations and missing data; In order to achieve this goal, scenarios interviews, User Stories, viewpoints and Use Case diagrams are techniques to reduce the distance between the researcher and the user on requirement elicitation. Concept maps have been used as efficient way to represent knowledge. This research uses concept maps to deal with the organization, identification and improvement of concepts and software requirements definitions in a cooperative way, making use of the User Story format introduced by the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology. The proposed process is supported by a web-based tool, which automates the generation, organization and management of the requirements capture generated in the Concept Maps format
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Han, Han. „Designing Representations for Digital Documents“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG025.
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Des millions d’utilisateurs travaillent à l’aide de documents afin d’effectuer leurs tâches quotidiennes, mais les interfaces utilisateurs n’ont pas fondamentalement changé depuis leur première conception à la fin des années 70. Les ordinateurs d’aujourd’hui sont utilisés par une grande variété d’utilisateurs pour réaliser un large éventail de tâches, ce qui interroge les limites des interfaces actuelles. Je soutiens qu’en se concentrant sur les utilisateurs extrêmes et en adoptant une perspective fondée sur des principes de conception, nous pouvons concevoir des représentations efficaces et flexibles pour soutenir le travail de connaissance lié aux documents. J’étudie d’abord l’une des tâches les plus courantes, à savoir le traitement de texte dans le contexte des documents techniques. En nous concentrant sur les professionnels du droit, nous mettons en lumière les limites des logiciels de traitement de texte actuels. Les professionnels du droit doivent faire appel à leur mémoire pour gérer les dépendances et maintenir un vocabulaire cohérent dans leurs documentations. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, nous introduisons Textlets, des objets interactifs qui réifient les sélections de texte en éléments persistants. Nous présentons un prototype de preuve de concept démontrant plusieurs cas d’utilisation, notamment la recherche et le remplacement sélectifs, le comptage des mots et les mots alternatifs. L’évaluation observationnelle montre l’utilité et l’efficacité de Textlets, ce qui prouve la validité du concept. Au cours de mon travail avec des professionnels du droit, j’ai été initié à la rédaction et au dépôt de brevets. Dans le processus de brevetage, les avocats rédigent des demandes de brevet qui décrivent une invention donnée. Les examinateurs de brevets étudient la demande et décident si un brevet peut lui être accordé. En collaboration avec l’Office européen des brevets, j’ai étudié le processus de recherche et de révision des examinateurs de brevets. L’étude montre la nécessité de gérer le texte de plusieurs documents à travers diverses activités interconnectées, tout en suivant manuellement leur provenance. Je prolonge Textlets pour créer Passages, des objets de sélection de texte qui peuvent être manipulés, réutilisés et partagés entre plusieurs outils. Deux études d’utilisateurs montrent que Passages facilitent les pratiques des professionnels et permettent une plus grande réutilisation des informations. Ces deux projets ont conduit à un autre aspect important du travail intellectuel : la gestion des fichiers. Je me concentre sur les scientifiques, un autre exemple d’utilisateurs extrêmes, pour étudier leurs pratiques de gestion des documents. Les scientifiques travaillent avec une variété d’outils et ils ont des difficultés à utiliser le système de fichiers pour suivre et maintenir la cohérence entre des informations connexes mais distribuées. Nous avons créé FileWeaver, un système qui détecte automatiquement les dépendances entre les fichiers sans action explicite de l’utilisateur, suit leur historique et permet aux utilisateurs d’interagir directement avec les graphiques représentant ces dépendances et l’historique des versions. En rendant les dépendances entre fichiers visibles, FileWeaver facilite l’automatisation des flux de travail des scientifiques et des autres utilisateurs qui s’appuient sur le système de fichiers pour gérer leurs données. Je réfléchis à mon expérience de conception et d’évaluation de ces représentations et propose trois nouveaux principes de conception : granularité, individualité et synchronisation. Avec les résultats empiriques de ces utilisateurs extrêmes, la démonstration technologique de trois prototypes de preuve de concept et trois principes de conception, cette thèse démontre de nouvelles approches originales pour travailler avec des documents. Je soutiens qu’en adoptant une perspective fondée sur les principes et la théorie, nous pouvons contribuer à des concepts d’interface innovantsMillions of users work with documents for their everyday tasks but their user interfaces have not fundamentally changed since they were first designed in the late seventies. Today’s computers come in many forms and are used by a wide variety of users for a wide range of tasks, challenging the limits of current document interfaces. I argue that by focusing on extreme users and taking on a principled perspective, we can design effective and flexible representations to support document-related knowledge work. I first study one of the most common document tasks, text editing, in the context of technical documents. By focusing on legal professionals, one example of extreme document users, we reveal the limits of current word processors. Legal professionals must rely on their memory to manage dependencies and maintain consistent vocabulary within their technical documents. To address these issues, we introduce Textlets, interactive objects that reify text selections into persistent items. We present a proof-of-concept prototype demonstrating several use cases, including selective search and replace, word count, and alternative wording. The observational evaluation shows the usefulness and effectiveness of textlets, providing evidence of the validity of the textlet concept. During my work with legal professionals in the first project, I was introduced to the domain of patent writing and filling. In the patent process, patent attorneys write patent submissions that describe the invention created by the inventor. Patent examiners review the submission and decide whether the submission can be granted as a patent. In collaboration with a European Patent Office, I studied the patent examiners’ search and review process. The study reveals the need to manage text from multiple documents across various interconnected activities, including searching, collecting, annotating, organizing, writing and reviewing, while manually tracking their provenance. I extend Textlets to create Passages, text selection objects that can be manipulated, reused, and shared across multiple tools. Two user studies show that Passages facilitate knowledge workers practices and enable greater reuse of information. These two projects led to another important aspect of knowledge work: file management. I focus on scientists, another example of extreme knowledge workers, to study their document management practices. In an age where heterogeneous data science workflows are the norm, instead of relying on more self-contained environments such as Jupyter Notebooks, scientists work across many diverse tools. They have difficulties using the file system to keep track of, re-find and maintain consistency among related but distributed information. We created FileWeaver, a system that automatically detects dependencies among files without explicit user action, tracks their history, and lets users interact directly with the graphs representing these dependencies and version history. By making dependencies among files explicit and visible, FileWeaver facilitates the automation of workflows by scientists and other users who rely on the file system to manage their data. These three document representations rely on the same underlying theoretical principles: reification, polymorphism and reuse. I reflect on my experience designing and evaluating these representations and propose three new design principles: granularity, individuality and synchronization. Together with the empirical findings from three examples of extreme users, technological demonstration of three proof-of-concept prototypes and three design principles, this thesis demonstrates fresh new approaches to working with documents, a fundamental representation in GUIs. I argue that we should not accept current desktop interfaces as given, and that by taking on a principled and theory-driven perspective we can contribute innovative interface concepts
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Rydell, Sofia. „The use of extreme value theory and time series analysis to estimate risk measures for extreme events“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-70291.
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In this thesis the main purpose is to use extreme value theory and time series analysis to find modelsfor estimating the two risk measures for potential losses, value at risk and expected shortfall. Focus ison the time horizon needed to obtain predictions that are consistent with the actual outcome of anasset or a portfolio of assets. The extreme value based methods used are the Hill estimator and the peak over threshold method.The Hill estimator is also combined with a time series model. The time series model used is an AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) model. For extreme value theory based models the choice of threshold between the observations belongingto the tail and the observations belonging to the center of the distribution is crucial. In this study thethreshold is set to be 10% of the sample size, by conventional choice. There are additional methodsof choosing the threshold and some of them are presented in this paper. For each models different length of historical data is used when predictions of the risk measures aremade for different assets. The main result is that the best model and appropriate time horizon ofhistorical data to use for estimating value at risk and expected shortfall differs from dataset todataset. However, the methods that combine extreme value theory and time series models are themost flexible ones and those are the ones most likely to capture extreme events. The conditional Hillmethods with shorter time horizons seem preferable when estimating the risk measures for indices,while the Hill estimator with time horizon of three or four years is preferable for foreign exchangerates. In this study only models for single assets are evaluated, but the models could easily beimplemented on a time series of a portfolio. A multivariate case of the extreme value theory existsbut its complexity makes it disadvantageously to implement. So if for example the univariateextreme value models alone are considered inadequate to capture all the relations in a portfolio themodels could be used as a complement to the commonly used model based solely on historicalsimulation and thereby improve the risk analysis.
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Dobson, A. „Development of a water hydraulic manipulator joint for use in extreme environments“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402586.
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Owusu, Ampem Darko. „The use of extreme value statistics in risk management of the electricity market“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for matematiske fag, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22649.
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In this thesis, we investigate the success of extreme value theory in managing electricity price risk. We specifically deals with the behaviour of the tails of financial time series.The theory provides well established statistical models for which extreme risk measures like the Value at Risk, Expected Shortfall and Return level can be computed. We use daily electricity price data from Nord Pool and compare distributions that effectively estimates the tail quantile. We propose a new method which employs extreme value for estimating the tail risk measure.Our method provides the exact empirical distribution without independence assumption andapplicable to non-stationary data. This method is briefly known as ACER. We show that the recently proposed approach gives better tail quantile estimates, have nice features and it is easy to implement.
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Ziegler, Janet Brehm. „A pedagogical guide for extended and extreme vocal techniques used in contemporary classical vocal music“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6671.
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There are numerous challenges to singing contemporary classical vocal music including a number of harmonic, melodic, rhythmic, and formal elements not commonly seen in the western Classical or Romantic era compositions. There are new notations, new sounds, new ideas, and new demands. Finding a way to train college-aged singers to perform standard classical repertoire alongside contemporary classical repertoire has been a personal goal for many years.
This essay contains exercises and vocalises to help train singers to prepare their instrument to perform the demanding music presented in this body of repertoire. Musical concepts covered in this essay include large interval training, laughing drills, tone clusters, and a variety of others.
Current scholarship on this subject does not address the pedagogical steps of teaching music classified as contemporary classical vocal music. This essay provides exercises, vocalises, and recommendations for the development of vocal techniques required to perform works from this repertoire with healthy and secure technique.
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Brand, Matthew Willi. „Use Of Sacrificial Embankments To Minimize Bridge Damage From Scour During Extreme Flow Events“. ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/636.
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The leading cause of bridge failure has often been identified as bridge scour, which is generally defined as the erosion or removal of streambed and/or bank material around bridge foundations due to flowing water. These scour critical bridges are particularly vulnerable during extreme flood events, and pose a major risk to human life, transportation infrastructure, and economic sustainability. Climate change is increasing the intensity and persistence of large flow events throughout the world, further straining bridge infrastructure. Retrofitting the thousands of undersized and scour critical bridges to more rigorous standards is prohibitively expensive, and current countermeasures inadequately address the core problems related to bridge scour. This research tested the efficacy of using approach embankments as intentional sacrificial "fuses" to protect the integrity of bridges with minimal damage during large flow events by allowing the streams to access their natural floodplain and reduce channel velocities. The concept was evaluated using the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models. Steady flow models were developed for three specific bridges on two river reaches. Bayesian streamflow return period estimators were developed for both river reaches using available United States Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauge data to evaluate sacrificial embankments under non-stationary climatic conditions. Fuse placement was determined to be a cost effective scour mitigation strategy for bridges with suboptimal hydraulic capacity and unknown or shallow foundations. Additional benefits of fuses include reductions in upstream flood stage and velocity.
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PALANDRANI, CHIARA. „Effects of biodiversity on soil C dynamics, tree response to extreme events and water use efficiency in forest ecosystems“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2961322.
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Forests provide fundamental services to the humanity, contribute to climate regulation, water provision and represent one of the most important biodiversity reservoir on the Earth. Climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases emission is altering forest ecosystem functioning and services through significant changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme events (i.e. drought, floods, fires, heatwaves).
This work focuses on the role of tree species richness and functional diversity in supporting ecosystem services (i.e. carbon sequestration) and in mitigating the possible negative effects of extreme events, by increasing stand resistance and/or resilience. Moreover, we also quantified the long-term effects of atmospheric CO2 increase on growth and water use efficiency in old-growth forests in the Balkans.
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Temesi, John. „The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in locomotor function : methodological issues and application to extreme exercise“. Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057944.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely-used investigative technique in motor cortical evaluation. TMS is now being used in the investigation of fatigue to help partition the effects of central fatigue. Few studies have utilized this technique to evaluate the effects of locomotor exercise and none in conditions of extreme exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was twofold; first, to answer methodological questions pertaining to the use of TMS in fatigue evaluation, particularly of the quadriceps, and second, to investigate the effects of extreme exercise conditions on the development of central and supraspinal fatigue and corticospinal excitability and inhibition. In Studies 1 and 2, the effect of approaching a target force in different ways before the delivery a TMS pulse and the difference between commonly-employed methods of determining TMS intensity on the selection of optimal TMS intensity were investigated. In Study 3, the effect of one night sleep deprivation on cognitive and exercise performance and central parameters was investigated. The effect of a 110-km ultra-trail on the supraspinal component of central fatigue was evaluated in Study 4. The principal findings from this thesis are that during TMS evaluation during brief voluntary contractions, it is essential to deliver the TMS pulse once the force has stabilized at the target and that a stimulus-response curve at 20% MVC is appropriate for determining optimal TMS intensity in exercise and fatigue studies. Furthermore, while sleep deprivation negatively-impacted cognitive and exercise performance, it did not influence neuromuscular parameters nor result in greater central fatigue. Supraspinal fatigue develops and corticospinal excitability increases during endurance/ultra-endurance running and cycling, while the effects on inhibitory corticospinal mechanisms are equivocal and probably depend on exercise characteristics and TMS intensity
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Al'Abri, Khalid. „Use of molecular approaches to study the occurrence of extremophiles and extremodures in non-extreme environments“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1547/.
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A number of samples were collected from various extreme and non-extreme environments. A range of molecular approaches, in addition to classical microbiology techniques, were used to isolate microorganisms, mainly archaea and bacteria from unusual environments. Halo-bacteria and archaea from non-saline environments and alkaliphilic bacteria and archaea capable of withstanding low pH values were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene cloning, PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis. Detailed analysis of their halophilic and alkaliphilic physiology for adaptation in the environment was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to detect the compatible solutes and atomic emission spectophotometery (AES) to measure the cellular potassium ions. In addition, ultraviolet-type C tolerant bacteria were isolated from terrestrial environments using phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. A selection of other molecular techniques were used in this thesis. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) allowed simultaneous identification, enumeration and visualization of microbial cells of the two domains; Archaea and Bacteria within a community in their natural habitat. In addition, using EZ-PCR test, culturable-independent Mycoplasma DNA in environmental samples was detected. Further investigation, using other advanced molecular techniques, into the physiology of extremophilic microorganisms found in non-extreme environment may provide a better understanding of the microbial interactions and the essential roles which different species play in the environment.
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Kalantari, Zahra. „Road structures under climate and land use change : Bridging the gap between science and application“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140631.
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Future changes in climate and land use are likely to affect catchment hydrological responses and consequently influence the amount of runoff reaching roads. Blockages and damage to under-dimensioned infrastructure can be extremely costly for the regions affected. This study aims to produce scientifically well-founded suggestions on adaptation of road drainage systems to climate changes resulting in more frequent floods. This thesis demonstrates the need to integrate aspects of climate change and land use impacts into the planning and practice of road construction and maintenance in Sweden. Tools such as hydrological models are needed to assess impacts on discharge dynamics. Identifying a ‘best’ practically performing hydrological model is often difficult due to the potential influence of modeller subjectivity on calibration procedure, parameter selection, etc. Hydrological models may need to be selected on a case-by-case basis and have their performance evaluated on an application-by-application basis. The work presented here began by examining current practice for road drainage systems in Sweden. Various hydrological models were then used to calculate the runoff from a catchment adjacent to a road and estimate changes in peak discharge and total runoff resulting from simulated land use measures. Overall, the results indicate that the specific effect of land use measures on catchment discharge depend on their spatial distribution and on the size and timing of storm events. Scenarios comprising a changing climate up to 2050 or to 2100 and forest clear-cutting were used to determine whether the current design of road drainage construction is sufficient for future conditions. Based on the findings, the approach developed can be used for similar studies, e.g. by the Swedish Transport Administration in dimensioning future road drainage structures to provide safe and robust infrastructure. Furthermore, a statistical method was developed for estimating and mapping flood hazard probability along roads using road and catchment characteristics. The method allows flood hazards to be estimated and provides insight into the relative roles of landscape characteristics in determining road-related flood hazards. Overall, this method provides an efficient way to estimate flooding hazards and to inform the planning of future roadways and the maintenance of existing roadways.QC 20140130
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El-Dardiry, Hisham Abd El-Kareem. „The Use of Multi-Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimates for Deriving Extreme Precipitation Frequencies with Application in Louisiana“. Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585854.
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The Radar-based Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) is one of the NEXRAD products that are available in a high temporal and spatial resolution compared with gauges. Radar-based QPEs have been widely used in many hydrological and meteorological applications; however, a few studies have focused on using radar QPE products in deriving of Precipitation Frequency Estimates (PFE). Accurate and regionally specific information on PFE is critically needed for various water resources engineering planning and design purposes. This study focused first on examining the data quality of two main radar products, the near real-time Stage IV QPE product, and the post real-time RFC/MPE product. Assessment of the Stage IV product showed some alarming data artifacts that contaminate the identification of rainfall maxima. Based on the inter-comparison analysis of the two products, Stage IV and RFC/MPE, the latter was selected for the frequency analysis carried out throughout the study. The precipitation frequency analysis approach used in this study is based on fitting Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution as a statistical model for the hydrologic extreme rainfall data that based on Annual Maximum Series (AMS) extracted from 11 years (2002-2012) over a domain covering Louisiana. The parameters of the GEV model are estimated using method of linear moments (L-moments). Two different approaches are suggested for estimating the precipitation frequencies; Pixel-Based approach, in which PFEs are estimated at each individual pixel and Region-Based approach in which a synthetic sample is generated at each pixel by using observations from surrounding pixels. The region-based technique outperforms the pixel based estimation when compared with results obtained by NOAA Atlas 14; however, the availability of only short record of observations and the underestimation of radar QPE for some extremes causes considerable reduction in precipitation frequencies in pixel-based and region-based approaches.
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Huang, Shaochun. „Modelling of environmental change impacts on water resources and hydrological extremes in Germany“. Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5974/.
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Water resources, in terms of quantity and quality, are significantly influenced by environmental changes, especially by climate and land use changes. The main objective of the present study is to project climate change impacts on the seasonal dynamics of water fluxes, spatial changes in water balance components as well as the future flood and low flow conditions in Germany. This study is based on the modeling results of the process-based eco-hydrological model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) driven by various regional climate scenarios on one hand. On the other hand, it is supported by statistical analysis on long-term trends of observed and simulated time series. In addition, this study evaluates the impacts of potential land use changes on water quality in terms of NO3-N load in selected sub-regions of the Elbe basin.
In the context of climate change, the actual evapotransipration is likely to increase in most parts of Germany, while total runoff generation may decrease in south and east regions in the scenario period 2051-2060. Water discharge in all six studied large rivers (Ems, Weser, Saale, Danube, Main and Neckar) would be 8 – 30% lower in summer and autumn compared to the reference period (1961 – 1990), and the strongest decline is expected for the Saale, Danube and Neckar. The 50-year low flow is likely to occur more frequently in western, southern and central Germany after 2061 as suggested by more than 80% of the model runs. The current low flow period (from August to September) may be extended until the late autumn at the end of this century. Higher winter flow is expected in all of these rivers, and the increase is most significant for the Ems (about 18%). No general pattern of changes in flood directions can be concluded according to the results driven by different RCMs, emission scenarios and multi-realizations.
An optimal agricultural land use and management are essential for the reduction in nutrient loads and improvement of water quality. In the Weiße Elster and Unstrut sub-basins (Elbe), an increase of 10% in the winter rape area can result in 12-19% more NO3-N load in rivers. In contrast, another energy plant, maize, has a moderate effect on the water environment. Mineral fertilizers have a much stronger effect on the NO3-N load than organic fertilizers. Cover crops, which play an important role in the reduction of nitrate losses from fields, should be maintained on cropland.
The uncertainty in estimating future high flows and, in particular, extreme floods remain high due to different RCM structures, emission scenarios and multi-realizations. In contrast, the projection of low flows under warmer climate conditions appears to be more pronounced and consistent. The largest source of uncertainty related to NO3-N modelling originates from the input data on the agricultural management.Wasserressourcen werden in Quantität und Qualität von Veränderungen in der Umwelt, insbesondere von Änderungen des Klimas und der Landnutzung, in signifikantem Maße beeinflusst. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Auswirkungen von Klimavariabilität und Klimawandel auf die Wasserressourcen und Extremereignisse wie Hoch- und Niedrigwasser in Deutschland untersucht. Die Analyse erfolgte auf der einen Seite modellgestützt, wobei die Ergebnisse aus verschiedenen regionalen Klimamodellen durch ein ökohydrologisches Modell in Änderungen in den hydrologischen Prozessen transformiert wurden, zum anderen aber auch datengestützt, z.B. durch die statistische Interpretation von beobachteten und simulierten Zeitreihen. Zusätzlich wurden die Auswirkungen von Landnutzungsänderungen auf Umsatz von Stickstoff in der Landschaft und im Wasser untersucht, wobei dasselbe ökohydrologische Modell zum Einsatz kam. Im Rahmen des Klimawandels wird zur Mitte dieses Jahrhunderts die aktuelle Evapotranspiration in den meisten Teilen Deutschlands mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit zunehmen. Die täglichen Abflussmengen der fünf größten Flussgebiete in Deutschland (Ems, Weser, Elbe, Obere Donau und Rhein) werden dieser Untersuchung zur Folge im Sommer und Herbst um 8%-30% geringer sein als in der Referenzperiode (1961-1990). 80% der Szenariensimulationen stimmen darin überein, dass die 50-jährigen Niedrigwasserereignisse zum Ende dieses Jahrhunderts mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit häufiger in den westlichen, den südlichen und den zentralen Teilen Deutschlands auftreten werden. Die gegenwärtige Niedrigwasserperiode (August-September) könnte sich zudem dann bis in den späten Herbst ausweiten. Für alle Flüsse werden höhere Winterabflüsse erwartet, wobei diese Zunahme für die Ems am stärksten ausfällt (ca. 18%). Mit größerer Unsicherheit sind dagegen die Aussagen zur Entwicklung der Hochwasser behaftet. Aus den Ergebnissen, die durch unterschiedliche regionale Klimamodelle und Szenarien getrieben wurden, kann jedoch kein allgemeingültiges Muster für die Änderungen der 50-jährigen Hochwässer ausgemacht werden. Eine optimierte Landnutzung und ein optimiertes Landmanagement sind für die Reduzierung der NO3-Einträge in die Oberflächengewässer essentiell. In den Einzusgebieten der Weißen Elster und der Unstrut (Elbe) kann eine Zunahme von 10% in der Anbaufläche von Winterraps zu einer 12-19% höheren NO3 Fracht führen. Mais, eine weitere Energiepflanze, hat hingegen einen mäßigeren Effekt auf die Oberflächengewässer. Die Höhe der Gabe von mineralischen Düngern beeinflußt zudem in starkem Maße die Nitratbelastung von Flüssen. Zwischenfrüchte können den NO3-Austrag im Sommer zusätzlich erheblich verringern. Insgesamt bleibt die Unsicherheit in der Vorhersage von Spitzenabflüssen und im Besonderen von Extrem-Hochwässern als Folge unterschiedlicher regionaler Klimamodelle, Emissionsszenarien und Realisationen sehr hoch. Im Gegensatz dazu erscheinen die Projektionen zu den Niedrigwasserereignissen unter wärmeren Bedingungen sehr viel deutlicher und einheitlicher. Die größte Unsicherheit in der Modellierung von NO3 dagegen sind die Eingangsdaten z.B. für das lokale landwirtschaftliche Management.
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Persson, Johan. „A study on the use of OpenGL in window systems“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3598.
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OpenGL is getting used more in window system as a way of improving performance and enabling new functionality. Examples of two systems using different approaches of how OpenGL is being used are Quartz Extreme and Fresco. Quartz Extreme uses window composition which assures fast redisplay and Fresco on the other hand uses a structured graphics approach which utilises OpenGL on a much lower level compared to Quartz Extreme which operates at a window level. Fresco’s way brings great flexibility and an ability to mix 2D and 3D-objects on the desktop. But each of the approaches has its problems; Quartz extreme requires a large amount of memory for buffering of the window contents and Fresco has performance problems when redisplaying complex structures.OpenGL används mer och mer i fönstersystem som ett sätt att förbättra prestanda och möjliggöra ny funktionalitet. Två exempel på olika sätt att nyttja OpenGL är Quartz Extreme och Fresco, Quartz Extreme använder fönster komposition vilket garanterar snabbt omritning av fönster medan Fresco använder Structured Graphics vilket använder OpenGL på en mycket lägre nivå inom fönstersystemet jämfört med Quartz Extreme som är på fönster nivå. Frescos angreppsätt medför en större flexibilitet och möjligheten att blanda 2D och 3D-objekt på skrivbordet. Men bägge angreppsätten har sina nackdelar; Quartz Extreme kräver en stor mängd minne eftersom den buffrar fönsterinnehållet och Fresco får problem med prestandan vid omritning av komplexa strukturer.
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Blouin-Demers, Gabriel. „Thermoregulation and habitat use by black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta) at the northern extreme of their distribution“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60951.pdf.
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Blouin-Demers, Gabriel Carleton University Dissertation Biology. „Thermoregulation and habitat use by black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta) at the northern extreme of their distribution“. Ottawa, 2001.
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Gogonel, Adriana Geanina. „Statistical Post-Processing Methods And Their Implementation On The Ensemble Prediction Systems For Forecasting Temperature In The Use Of The French Electric Consumption“. Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798576.
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The thesis has for objective to study new statistical methods to correct temperature predictionsthat may be implemented on the ensemble prediction system (EPS) of Meteo France so toimprove its use for the electric system management, at EDF France. The EPS of Meteo Francewe are working on contains 51 members (forecasts by time-step) and gives the temperaturepredictions for 14 days. The thesis contains three parts: in the first one we present the EPSand we implement two statistical methods improving the accuracy or the spread of the EPS andwe introduce criteria for comparing results. In the second part we introduce the extreme valuetheory and the mixture models we use to combine the model we build in the first part withmodels for fitting the distributions tails. In the third part we introduce the quantile regressionas another way of studying the tails of the distribution.
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Hamilton, Emily. „Use of extreme value theory for making statistical inference about endpoints of distributions, with applications in global optimization and meteorology“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54789/.
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We use extreme value theory to make statistical inference about the endpoint of distributions. First we compare estimators of the endpoint of several distributions, including a distribution that appears in problems of global optimization. These estimators use a fixed number of order statistics (k) from a sample of fixed size (n). Two of the estimators investigated are the optimal linear estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator. We find that the optimal linear estimator often outperforms the maximum likelihood estimator. We next investigate how the order statistics change as sample size increases. In order to do this, we define record times: the sample size at which the set of k smallest order statistics changes. We give the distributions of several statistics related to order statistics and record times, in particular we show that records occur according to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. We show that order statistics can be modeled using a Markov chain, and use this Markov chain to investigate estimators of the endpoint of a distribution. Two additional estimators are derived and investigated using the Markov chain model. Finally, we consider a meteorological application of extreme value theory. In particular, we estimate the maximum and minimum sea level at several ports in the Netherlands. This is done using a combination of record theory, singular spectrum decomposition and known estimators of the endpoint of a distribution.
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Likoya, Emmanuel. „Attribution of the risk of extreme flood events to climate change in the context of changing land use and cover: case study of the shire river basin flood of 2015“. Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31607.
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The 2015 flood event in the Shire River basin was characterised by Malawi Government’s Department of Disaster Management (DoDMA) as the worst on record. It led to the damage in property worth millions of dollars with recovery still ongoing 3 years later. Over 150 fatalities were confirmed at the time with hundreds of others missing. The extent of the damage of the disaster was perhaps underlined by the swift adoption of the disaster management policy which was still in draft format then and the adoption of the climate change management policy a year later. In the aftermath of the disaster, as with most extreme weather events elsewhere around the world, questions were asked as to whether climate change might have had a hand in the occurrence of such an event and whether, going into a warmer climate, events of that nature of extremity will be the new normal. By using the risk-based event attribution methodology based on dedicated attribution experiments with a global climate model, and focusing on one of the sub-catchments of the Shire River basin, this study explored whether climate change from anthropogenic sources might have influenced the likelihood of such an event occurring. However, given the nature of hydrological events and the land use history of the basin, land use and cover change is another potential flood risk factor which, if overlooked, might affect conclusions with regards to the contribution of external factors to the risk of flooding. To account for both climate change and land use and land change, four sets of rainfallrunoff simulations were run using the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalans-avdelning (HBV) hydrological model which has the ability to simulate the impact of land use and climate change on rainfall-runoff relationships. Each set was a combination of a climate scenario-either “factual” or “counter-factual”- and land use and cover change scenario-either factual (historical) or counterfactual (current). The climate scenarios were based on simulated rainfall and temperature from the HadAM3p model run in two modes-the “factual” and “counter-factual”- simulating the climate with atmospheric conditions closely resembling the atmosphere at the time of occurrence of the event and the climate as it would have been without human emissions of greenhouse gases. The proportion of the risk was calculated to determine how the risk of experiencing a flood of the January-April 2015 magnitude (for 1-day, 10- day, and 30-day maximum flows) changes with climate change only, land use and cover change only, as well as both climate change and land use and cover change. The results demonstrated that the probability of exceeding the 1-day maximum flow of the 2015 magnitude was lower in the factual (current) climate than in the counter-factual. However, changes in land use modify the flood risk such that, when land use change was accounted for, the extent of the reduction in the risk was lower. On the other hand, exceedance probabilities for 10-day and 30-day maximum flows were higher in the factual (current) climate. This was further heightened by changes in land use and cover. The study also established that observational uncertainties typical of the region may influence event attribution results to some extent. The results, which are based on a single attribution method and a single global climate model, do not span the method-model uncertainty range. As a consequence, the results are limited and do not constitute a fully defensible attribution statement.
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Dogs, Carsten, und Timo Klimmer. „An Evaluation of the Usage of Agile Core Practices : How they are used in industry and what we can learn from their usage“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4725.
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In this thesis we investigate the usage of several agile software development methods as well as the usage of certain agile core practices. By conducting a web survey, we examine what makes these practices beneficial and what tends to make them rather less suitable for certain situations. Based on the results, we finally set up some recommendations for practitioners to reflect upon and improve their own software development process. Concerning these recommendations as well as the list of the investigated practices, we hope (and are almost sure) that there are some practices or ideas contained which are worth at least thinking about. The main findings of this thesis are: - Agile software development methods have already entered the professional market but they are still no cure-all. In many cases they also produce only middle-quality software. Nevertheless, there is – even if only little – evidence that at least XP projects meet the requirements of the customer better than traditional, non-agile methods. - For a successful software development project it is important that it has a suitable requirements engineering process, that the produced software is tested sufficiently (using automated regression testing among other types of testing), that there is a good communication between the customer and the developer side, that the risks of the project are considered, that the pros and cons of practices are considered and that processes are improved continuously. - Besides, it is important to consider the whole context when implementing a certain practice. For some contexts, certain practices do not fit for their purpose and this has to be realized. However, certain shortcomings of a specific practice might be reduced or even eliminated if implemented in combination with other practices.
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Sinha, Ashish. „An adsorption based cooling solution for electronics used in thermally harsh environments“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37077.
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Growing need for application of electronics at temperatures beyond their rated limit, (usually > 150 °C) and the non availability of high temperature compatible electronics necessitates thermal management solutions that should be compact, scalable, reliable and be able to work in environments characterized by high temperature (150 -250 °C), mechanical shock and vibrations. In this backdrop the proposed research aims at realization of an adsorption cooling system for evaporator temperatures in the range of 140 °C-150 °C, and condenser temperature in the range of 160 °C-200 °C. Adsorption cooling systems have few moving parts (hence less maintenance issues), and the use of Thermo-Electric (TE) devices to regenerate heat of adsorption in between adsorbent beds enhances the compactness and efficiency of the overall 'ThermoElectric-Adsorption' (TEA) system. The work presented identifies the challenges involved and respective solutions for high temperature application. An experimental set up was fabricated to demonstrate system operation and mathematical models developed to benchmark experimental results. Also, it should be noted that TEA system comprises TE and adsorption chillers. A TE device can be a compact cooler in its own right. Hence a comparison of the performance of TEA and TE cooling systems has also been presented.
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Flora, Franchesco Della. „ECOLOGIA COMPORTAMENTAL DO TANGARÁ CHIROXIPHIA CAUDATA (AVES, PIPRIDAE) NO EXTREMO SUL DA FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5266.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Blue manakin Chiroxiphia caudata is a bird with wide distribution in southern Atlantic forest, ranging from humid forests of the Serra do Mar to the deciduous forests of the Brazilian and Meridional highlands. Although the species is well known for its acrobatic displays, much of their behavior and ecology are unknown or poorly studied. Data about feeding behavior, use of the space and dispersal of seeds, and other results were treated in this dissertation. The study site includes the deciduous forest, far southern Atlantic Forest. Leks of Blue manakin were monitored throughout one year (2006-2007) and data structures of the environment were collected in 2009. These results were divided into four chapters (articles). The first is about the behavioral variation and the use of space throughout the reproductive period and non-reproductive period among three classes of individuals (adult males, young males and females). It is shown that there are differences in behavior patterns and use of space between the sexes and age groups, adult males being more active in the reproductive period and restricted to interior of the leks. Young males tend to live in the edge of territories of adults and they had fewer courtships and vocalizations. Females seem to prefer environments not used by males. The second chapter refers to the diet and seed dispersal. Blue manakin fed on more than 40 plants being that the species with the longest period of fruiting (e.g. Psychotria leiocarpa) or asynchronous (e.g. Ficus) were the most sought after. Besides, there was preference for berries, fruit and small seed sizes, dark-blue coloration, as well as species found in the lower strata of the forest. In relation to seed dispersal, Blue manakin was performed as good seed dispersers; it plays a different type of consumption throughout the year, depositing seeds at specific sites (perches of courtship and call) or random (perches of foraging) in the forest. The third chapter concerns the preference for the dance sites by males. In this study, raises the hypothesis that areas with more density of plants near the perches and attributes of trees that are used by Blue manakin would serve as an indication for adult males choose certain sites instead of others. Variables such as abundance, richness, plant height and number of horizontal branches in the perches of cutting were responsible for the presence of Blue manakin in these courtship sites. This fact would give more care against predators and to the quality of the cooperative and solo displays. The fourth discusses the potential effect of seed dispersal on the perches of courtship. Seedlings under the perches, the use of time by males at these sites and the total fruit consumed showed that C. caudata is effective disperser of species included in its diet. The final chapter chapter focuses on the foraging tactics of Blue manakin uses to capture the fruits of understory plants and test three hypotheses why the species foraging inside and/or outside the plants.
O Tangará Chiroxiphia caudata é um pássaro com ampla distribuição no sul da floresta atlântica, abrangendo desde florestas ombrófilas da serra do Mar até as florestas estacionais do planalto brasileiro e meridional. Embora a espécie seja bem conhecida por suas danças acrobáticas, muito do seu comportamento e ecologia são desconhecidos ou pouco estudados. Dados sobre o comportamento alimentar, uso do espaço e dispersão de sementes, foram tratados nesta dissertação. O local de estudo compreende a floresta estacional decidual, extremo sul da Floresta atlântica. Leques de tangarás foram monitorados ao longo de um ano (2006-2007) e dados referentes às estruturas do ambiente foram coletados em 2009. Esses resultados foram divididos em cinco capítulos (artigos). O primeiro capítulo trata sobre a variação comportamental e do uso do espaço ao longo do período reprodutivo e nãoreprodutivo entre três classes de indivíduos (machos adultos, machos jovens e fêmeas). Mostra-se que há diferenças quanto aos diferentes comportamentos e ao uso do espaço entre os sexos e classes etárias, sendo os machos adultos mais ativos no período reprodutivo e restritos ao interior do leque. Machos jovens tendem a viver mais na borda dos territórios dos adultos e a realizar menos cortejos e vocalizações. Fêmeas parecem preferir ambientes não utilizados pelos machos. O segundo capítulo refere-se à dieta e dispersão de sementes. O tangará alimentou-se de mais de 40 plantas. Além disso, houve preferências por bagas, frutos e sementes de tamanhos pequenos e de coloração azul-escura, bem como por espécies encontradas nos estratos mais baixos da floresta. Em relação à dispersão de sementes, o tangará se apresentou como bom dispersor de sementes, pois desempenha um tipo de consumo diferenciado ao longo do ano, depositando sementes em sítios específicos (poleiros de corte e de vocalização) ou em outros locais da floresta (poleiros de forrageamento) na floresta. Já o terceiro capítulo faz referência quanto a preferência por locais de dança pelos machos. Neste estudo levanta-se a hipótese que áreas com mais adensamento de plantas próximo aos poleiros e atributos das árvores que são utilizadas pelos tangarás, serviriam como indicativo para machos adultos escolher certos locais em relação a outros. Variáveis como abundância, riqueza, altura média das plantas e número de galhos horizontais nos poleiros de corte, foram responsáveis pela presença dos tangarás nesses locais de cortejo. O quarto capítulo trata do potencial efeito da dispersão de sementes sobre os poleiros de corte. Plântulas sob os poleiros, o uso do tempo dos machos nesses locais e o total de frutos consumidos, mostraram que C. caudata é efetivo dispersor das espécies pertencentes a sua dieta. O último capítulo trata sobre as táticas de forrageamento do tangará utiliza para capturar frutos de plantas de sub-bosque e levanta três hipóteses do por que a espécie forragearia frutos sobre e/ou fora das plantas.
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Gole, Tamang Bishal. „Exploration of Physiological and Molecular Responses to Precipitation Extremes in Soybean and Nitrogen Fertility in Wheat“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73045.
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Soybean and wheat are important crop species due to their significance for human consumption, animal feed, and industrial use. However, increasing global population and worsening climate change have put a major strain on the production system of these crops. Natural disasters such as flooding and drought can severely impact growth and productivity of these crops. In addition, increased application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers to meet the global food demand has led to environment related issues. Therefore, with a goal of understanding mechanisms of flooding and drought tolerance in soybean and nitrogen-use-efficiency in wheat, we explored their physiological and transcriptomic regulation. We characterized the fundamental acclimation responses of soybean to flooding and drought and compared the metabolic and transcriptomic regulation during the stresses in a tissue-specific manner. We demonstrated the dynamic reconfiguration of gene expression and metabolism during flooding, drought, and recovery from these stresses. Our study displayed that flooding triggers more dramatic adjustments than drought at the transcriptional level. We also identified that the soybean genome encodes nine members of group VII ERF genes and characterized their responses in leaves and roots under flooding and drought. Based on the expression patterns, it is estimated that two of the nine genes are promising candidate genes regulating tolerance to submergence and drought. In addition, our genome-scale expression analysis discovered commonly induced ERFs and MAPKs across both stresses (flooding and drought) and tissues (leaves and roots), which might play key roles in soybean survival of flooding and drought. In wheat, we evaluated the effect of three different nitrogen rates on yield and its components across four diverse soft red winter wheat genotypes. The cultivar Sisson displayed superior performance in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency at low nitrogen levels. Our results suggested that improvement of nitrogen use efficiency in low nitrogen environments can be achieved through the selection of three components: grain number/spike, 1000-seed weight, and harvest index. Overall, this study has advanced our understanding of how plants respond to abiotic stresses such as flooding, drought, and nutrient limitation conditions.Ph. D.
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Azevedo, Thiago Salomão de. „Legislação e geotecnologias na definição das áreas de preservação permanente e das reservas legais : aplicação à bacia do Córrego das Posses, município de Extrema - MG /“. Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104372.
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Orientador: Lúcia Helena de Oliveira GerardiBanca: Marcos Norberto Boin
Banca: Sylvio Luiz Andreozzi
Banca: Maria Inez Pagani
Banca: Magda Adelaide Lombardo
Resumo: No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e de Reservas Legais (RL). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP's e RL's, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. Os objetivos secundários, que subsidiam o principal são: o mapeamento das áreas que devem ser conservadas e das áreas em que se devem proceder medidas de restauração e/ou o estabelecimento de cenários alternativos de ocupação da bacia do córrego das Posses, considerando a conservação dos recursos florestais em terras privadas como fator prioritário para a locação das áreas estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal Brasileiro. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP's e de RL's. Através da utilização de geotecnologias tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostram que, nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente e nas Reservas Legais, a legislação ambiental não está sendo cumprida. Entretanto, para a bacia das Posses, a regularização das propriedades com relação ao Código Florestal não é suficiente para manter a conectividade da paisagem, pois ainda assim a área de matas não atinge o limite mínimo exigido para que a mesma percole.
Abstract: The government strategy to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources on private lands in Brazil is based on the adoption of the command and control measures established by the Forest Code under the form of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR). The main purpose of this study is to verify if it would be possible to restore the structural connectivity of Posses watershed landscape located in Extrema City, Minas Gerais State, by the enforcement of the environmental legislation established in Brazil Forest Code with reference to PPA and LR. The objectives which contribute to the furtherance of the main purpose are: a) the mapping of areas that must be preserved and b) the mapping of areas in which measures of recuperation and/or establishment of some alternative occupation scenarios to Posses watershed must be carried out, taking into consideration forest resources conservation on private lands as a primary factor for the allocation of areas established by the Brazilian Forest Code. The methodology used in this study was based on designations of criteria that substantiated the allocation of priority areas of PPA and LR. These criteria were spatialized through the usage of geotechnologies, creating scenarios that show landscapes degradation. The results demonstrate that in Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves the environmental legislation is not being enforced. However, for Posses watershed area, the regularization of the properties regarding to the Forest Code is not sufficient to maintain the landscape connectivity since forested areas still does not reach the minimum required for it to percolate.
Doutor
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Hjalmarsson, Staffan, und Jonatan Clemens. „Ett IT-konsultföretag och dess relation till kunder“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35517.
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Abstract: Title: An It consulting company and its relationship with customers Level: C-examination Bachelor’s degree in innovation, design and technology. IDT, 15hp. VT 17th Authors: Jonatan Clemens & Staffan Hjalmarsson Handler: Anette Strömberg Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate how a major company meets the users and their needs as well as where and how the interaction with the user is done. Suggestions for areas of change are proposed in connection with the completion of the study. Research questions: -How does a consulting firm work with customers/users? -Are their work methods similar to what is described as successful in research on customer involvement? -Can work processes be improved? Method: The authors have used the qualitative method that has been developed as oral semi-structured interviews. The study is based much on hermeneutic form which means that one summarizes his own interpretations to get a deeper understanding. Conclusion: A conjunction and analysis of theoretical areas dealt with and empirical information led to the conclusion that there are indications that the company largely do not work according to established research the paper deals with. Assignment purpose: The essay should mainly have contributed to a deeper understanding on the subject of customer relations and should contribute beneficial information for a consulting firm regarding their client work.Sammanfattning: Titel: Ett IT-konsultföretag och dess relation till kunder Nivå: C-uppsats: Examensarbete för kandidatexamen i innovationsteknik 15.0 hp. VT 17. Författarna: Jonatan Clemens & Staffan Hjalmarsson Handledare: Anette Strömberg Datum: 2016-11-07 - 2017-01-12 Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur ett större företag möter användare och deras behov samt var och hur interaktion med dessa användare sker. Förslag på förändringsområden föreslås i samband med fullföljd studie. Forskningsfrågor: -Hur arbetar ett konsultföretag med kunder/användare? -Liknar deras arbetssätt vad som beskrivs som framgångsrikt i forskning om kundinvolvering? -Kan arbetsprocesserna förbättras? Metod: Författarna har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod som tagits fram i form av muntliga semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien Bygger mycket på hermeneutisk form som innebär att man sammanfattar sina egna tolkningar för att få en djupare förståelse. Resultat: En sammanvägning och analys av genomgångna teoretiska områden och empiri gav slutsatsen att det finns indikationer på att företaget till stor del inte arbetar efter etablerad forskning uppsatsen behandlar. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen har framförallt bidragit till en djupare förståelse kring ämnet kundrelationer samt ska bidra med fördelaktig information för konsultföretaget gällande deras arbete.
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Garcia, Alexander Patricio. „Perfil do Orizicultor de abrangência da Região da Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Sul Catarinense“. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1394.
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-07The present work aimed to evaluate the producer of rice profile of the Association of Municipalities in the Catarinense Extreme Southern (AMESC) in relation to the utilization rate of certified seeds as well as the cultural practices in the pre-germinated rice cultivation system. For this work development, a questionnaire survey was applied to the farmers of the AMESC region, who cultivate rice into the pre germinated system. All municipalities that cultivate rice in the AMESC comprisement, had interviewed farmers. Forty-eight properties altogether, were searched; just four properties in each country. There was no survey in Balneário Arroio do Silva, Balneário Gaivota and Passo de Torres, where no rice is produced. The work showed that the utilization rate of certified seeds in the rural properties reached (79%), being above the average (53%) of the utilization rate of Brazil certified seeds for irrigated rice. It s possible to conclude the utilization rate of certified seeds in the AMESC region is higher than the Brazilian average. Such component of production contributes for a better productivity and rentability of the catarinense southern rice farmings.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil do orizicultor da região de abrangência da Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Sul Catarinense (AMESC) quanto à taxa de utilização de sementes certificadas e às práticas culturais no sistema de cultivo de arroz pré germinado. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi realizada uma pesquisa com a aplicação de um questionário aos produtores rurais da região da AMESC que cultivam arroz no sistema pré germinado. Todos os municípios que cultivam arroz da região de abrangência da AMESC tiveram produtores entrevistados, totalizando 48 propriedades pesquisadas, sendo aplicado o questionário em quatro propriedades por município. Não houve pesquisa nos municípios de Balneário Arroio do Silva, Balneário Gaivota e Passo de Torres pelo fato de não produzirem arroz. O trabalho mostrou que taxa de utilização de sementes certificadas nas propriedades rurais alcançou 79%, estando acima da média (53%) da taxa de utilização de sementes certificadas do Brasil para o arroz irrigado. É possível inferir que a região da AMESC possui uma taxa de utilização de sementes certificadas acima da média brasileira e que este componente da produção contribui para melhorar a produtividade e a rentabilidade das lavouras orizicolas sul catarinense.
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Bieda, Amelia L. „THE USE OF ENTERAL STERILE WATER FOR THE TREATMENTOF HYPERNATREMIAIN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1363103838.
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Luu, Thuy-Mai. „Use of special health care services by infants born extremely prematurely in the province of Quebec“. Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116120.
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To compare health care use from neonatal discharge to 18 months corrected age of two groups of extremely preterm children (< 26 vs. 26-29 weeks of gestation), we used a province-wide database containing neonatal and follow-up data on 254 infants (77% of survivors) born at < 29 weeks of gestation and cared for at 3/6 neonatal units in Quebec in 2003-2004. Neonatal data were abstracted from medical records by trained personnel. At 18 months corrected age, neurodevelopmental status was assessed by psychologists and paediatricians. Data on health care use were collected from charts and parent interviews. Descriptive statistics are provided and logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate perinatal and social determinants of re-hospitalization and frequent use of health services resources. Results show that 57% of infants born at < 26 weeks (n=49) and 49% of those born at 26-29 weeks (n=205) were re-hospitalized, mostly for respiratory illness. Both groups used a significant amount of health resources: 61% vs. 59%, respectively, received physical or occupational therapy, 29% vs. 17%, respectively, required long-term rehabilitation, 38% vs. 28%, respectively, used prescribed medication, and 59% vs. 33%, respectively, required home medical equipment (home oxygen, apnea monitors, orthopaedic devices and visual aids). Risk of re-hospitalization was associated with severe brain injury, use of an apnea monitor, and older age at neonatal discharge. Multiple birth, severe brain injury, suspected neonatal sepsis, and single-parent household were independently associated with the risk of using health care services above average. These results highlight the importance of resource allocation to preterm infants for medical and rehabilitation services after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.
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Hongo, Shun. „Socioecology of Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): Mating and Feeding Tactics in a Primate with Extremely Large Group“. Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217731.
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Safa, Meer. „3D study of non-metallic inclusions by EEmethod and use of statistics for the estimationof largest size inclusions in tool steel“. Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93770.
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The control of non-metallic inclusions is very important for the improvement of performance during the application of tool steel. This present study was performed to see the effect of changing of some process parameters during the vacuum degassing of the melt and how these changing parameters affects the characteristics of inclusions in tool steel. The main parameters that were changed during the vacuum degassing were the change of induction stirring, argon flow rate from both the plug 1 and 2 and different ladle ages for different heat. Electrolytic extraction method was used to observe the morphology and characteristics of inclusions as a 3 dimensional view in tool steel. Four lollipop samples from four different heats were used for the experiment and all the samples were after vacuum (AV) degassing. In this study four different types of inclusions were found and they are classified as type 1, 2, 3 and 4. Of them type 1 inclusion was the major one with mostly spherical shaped. This study shows that among the three parameters, induction stirring has the biggest effect for the total number of inclusions per volume in the sample than the other two parameters Heat 4A showed the lowest number of inclusions per volume comparing with the other heats. The main reason behind this can be said that the induction stirring was the lowest comparing with the other heats with moderate argon flow and ladle age of 12. Extreme value analysis was used in this study to predict the probability of getting largest size inclusions in a certain volume of the metal. For the prediction of the largest inclusion size, both the electrolytic extraction (3D) and cross-sectional (2D) method was used. Later in this study comparison was done to determine the accuracy of both the methods and it is concluded that for the type 1 inclusions electrolytic extraction method shows almost similar trend with cross-sectional method and electrolytic extraction method shows better accuracy for the prediction of largest size inclusions than the cross-sectional method. Electrolytic Extraction method is also applicable for the prediction of largest size inclusions for multiple types of inclusions.
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Taylor, Martin Allen. „The use of systems development methodologies in web-based application development in South Africa / Martin Allen Taylor“. Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1447.
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Cook, Deborah G. „USE OF GENOMIC TOOLS TO DISCOVER THE CAUSE OF CHAMPAGNE DILUTION COAT COLOR IN HORSES AND TO MAP THE GENETIC CAUSE OF EXTREME LORDOSIS IN AMERICAN SADDLEBRED HORSES“. UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/15.
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Champagne dilution of coat color in horses is caused by dominant gene action. Three sire families were identified as segregating for this trait. Genome wide linkage analysis using 104 microsatellite DNA markers was used to map the gene to ECA14 (LOD > 11.0). Four genes, namely SPARC, SLC36A1, SLC36A2 and SLC36A3, were selected from the region implicated by linkage and their exons sequenced. DNA sequences were compared for two homozygotes for Champagne dilution, two heterozygotes and two horses without dilution. A single base change in exon 2 of SLC36A1 was found unique to horses exhibiting Champagne dilution. This change in base 188 of the cDNA from a C to a G (Genbank REFSEQ: Non-champagne EU432176 and Champagne EU432177), is predicted to cause an amino acid change from threonine to arginine in the first transmembrane region. No exceptions to the association of this mutation with the Champagne dilution (CH) allele were identified based on testing 182 additional horses representing 15 breeds, suggesting that this mutation may be the causative for the dilution phenotype. This is the first evidence for a phenotypic effect of mutation of the gene. Identifying this variant also gives breeders a new tool for selecting breeding stock.
Extreme lordosis is a condition in which the dorsal to ventral curvature of the back is accentuated. The condition is considered a conformation fault by many Saddlebred breeders and is commonly referred to as swayback, softback or lowback. Previous studies suggested the existence of a hereditary component in American Saddlebred horses. A whole genome association study was performed utilizing the Illumina SNP50 beadchip containing over 59,000 SNPs. A 3 Mb region on ECA20 was found associated with extreme lordosis. The distribution of markers indicated that the trait had a simple Mendelian recessive mode of inheritance. Subsequently, the association was confirmed and the region was narrowed to just over 500 kb by a higher density SNP assay using 47 SNPs selected from the equine SNP database. Identification of this associated region will allow future studies a better opportunity to locate the mutation responsible for the lordotic phenotype in young American Saddlebred Horses.
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TEIXEIRA, Leide Laura Francisca da Mota. „Análise integrada do meio físico como subsídio ao diagnóstico de processos erosivos na bacia do ribeirão Extrema em Anápolis (GO)“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1905.
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Previous issue date: 2008-11-04Currently, in changeable scale, the Brazilian cities present common problems, derivatives of the intense modifications suffered in previous and aggravated decades throughout the years, for the lack of planning and control of the use of the land. In the city of Anápolis-GO, the use of lands, did not take in consideration the fragilities of the environment where if it inserted, conditioning the city problems of environmental order, that if they reflect in the occurrence of linear erosive processes, silting and floodings. The basin of Extrema large creek is one of the areas of Anápolis with this type of environmental problem. Ahead of this, the present work investigated the relation between the constraints of the environment, including its use and the occurrence of linear erosive processes in this hydrographic basin. It is based on the integrated analysis of the components of the nature and the society, made possible with the aid of the geoprocessing technologies. The Integrated Analysis, now presented, was developed from crossing the elements of the middle physical (the bedrock, relief, soils), including the use of the land, with the frequent occurrence of linear erosion in the area of study. This analysis search discerns the relationship between the occurrence of this erosive processes and characteristics of natural elements and man-made that composed the basin in question. Like this the compartments of relief, related to the characteristics of the bedrock, soils and use of land led to considerations regarding the ability to use the land, measuring classes of susceptibility to erosion, and make analogies about the legal aspects of land use. Therefore were identified five compartments of relief: Surface of Summit, Interfluves, Hills, Low Slopes and Plains River. The compartment of surface summit is characterized by areas with the high height and lower slopes, which usually constitute the crossover waters of the basin supported by Detritus-Lateritic and which dominate Plinthosol Concretionary Petric, and the Cerrado is the original vegetation corresponding. These lands are intended mainly to urban use, but also include the mining activities in the form of Graveled, beyond to farming activities. According to the ability to use land that compartment has been better grazing for lands. In its natural conditions, would be characterized not as susceptible to erosion, although there have been mapped erosive processes; these are related to inappropriate use of land and noncompliance of existed legislation. The compartment of interfluves presents, high and medium height and slope less than 9%, constituting in the general interfluves large and medium. Sculpted on rocks of the Araxá of South Goiás Group and a lesser proportion of rocks Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu, which led origin to the soil thick as latossoil Red and Yellow Red, covered by Cerrado. According to the ability to use these lands are suitable for any type of agricultural use, and is best used in agriculture. In this compartment is the predominant agricultural use of land. The low slope and soil thick that compartment to give low susceptibility to erosion, although this susceptibility is stronger when it is subjected to the action of water flows concentrated, affecting the formation processes of erosion. The compartment of hills has high slope and convex morphology carved on Quartzite Araxá of South Goiás Group, and the silexite Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu, where the resistance to the rocks for weathering conditioned the formation of Litholic Neosols. The land these compartments are not susceptible to erosion, are unfit for agricultural use and urban and should be used for permanent preservation. Into the compartment from the low aspect, predominantly low height and high slopes, providing various forms of aspects including drainage headboards, carved in general and on gneisses Quartzite of Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu and in some cases limited, and on micaschist Quartzite Araxá of South Goiás Group. These rocks conditioned the formation of latossoil Red Yellow, Red, Cambisol and Litholic Neosols, covered in general by seasonal forest. They are better suited for pasture land and reforestation. The high slope, the forms concave and convexconcave and thickness of the soil in that compartment give them high susceptibility to erosion. The natural conditionements on the inappropriate use of land, which lacks infrastructure to capture and dissipation of surface water increase so much of the potential erosion of such land. The compartment of the river plains, including the lower height and slopes, overlapping mostly by alluvial deposits, where the low depth of the water table conditioned the formation of Gleysoils. The Original vegetation corresponds to seasonal forest. These lands are not susceptible to erosion processes, but are affected by sediments from the erosive processes of linear amount. They are also land unsuitable, for agriculture and urban use should be destined for permanent preservation.
Atualmente, em escala variável, as cidades brasileiras apresentam problemas comuns, derivados das intensas modificações sofridas em décadas anteriores e agravados ao longo dos anos, pela falta de planejamento e controle da utilização da terra. Na cidade de Anápolis-GO, o uso das terras, não levou em consideração as fragilidades do meio físico em que se inseria, condicionando ao município problemas de ordem ambiental, que se refletem na ocorrência de processos erosivos, assoreamentos e inundações. A bacia do ribeirão Extrema é uma das áreas de Anápolis com esse tipo de problema ambiental. Diante disso, o presente trabalho investigou a relação entre os condicionantes do meio físico, incluindo a sua utilização e a ocorrência de processos erosivos lineares nessa bacia hidrográfica. Fundamenta-se na análise integrada dos componentes da natureza e da sociedade, viabilizada com o auxílio das tecnologias de geoprocessamento. A Análise Integrada, ora apresentada, foi desenvolvida a partir do cruzamento dos elementos do meio físico (substrato rochoso, relevo, solos), incluindo o uso da terra, com a ocorrência de processos erosivos lineares na área de estudo. Essa análise busca discernir a relação entre a ocorrência desses processos erosivos e as características dos elementos naturais e antrópicos que compõem a bacia hidrográfica em questão. Assim os compartimentos do relevo, relacionados às características do substrato rochoso, solos e uso da terra permitiram fazer considerações a respeito da capacidade de uso das terras, mensurar classes de suscetibilidade a erosão, bem como fazer analogias quanto aos aspectos legais de utilização da terra. Logo, foram delimitados cinco compartimentos do relevo: Superfície de Cimeira, Interflúvios, Morrotes, Baixas Vertentes e Planícies Fluviais. O compartimento Superfície de Cimeira é caracterizado por áreas com as maiores altitudes e menores declividades, que em geral constituem o divisor de águas da bacia sustentado por Cobertura Detrito- Laterítica, onde predominam Plintossolos Pétricos Concrecionários, sendo o cerrado a vegetação original correspondente. Essas terras são destinadas principalmente ao uso urbano, abrangendo também atividades de mineração na forma de cascalheiras, além de atividades pecuárias. De acordo com a capacidade de uso agrícola das terras esse compartimento possui terras melhor adaptadas para pastagem. Em suas condições naturais seria caracterizado como não suscetível a erosão, embora nele, tenham sido mapeados processos erosivos, esses estão relacionados ao uso inadequado da terra e a não observância da legislação vigente. O compartimento dos interflúvios apresenta altitudes altas e médias e declividades inferiores a 9%, constituindo em geral interflúvios amplos e médios. Esculpidos sobre rochas do Grupo Araxá Sul de Goiás e em menor proporção rochas do Complexo Granulítico Anápolis-Itauçu, que deram origem a solos espessos como Latossolo Vermelho e Vermelho Amarelo, recobertos por cerrado. De acordo com a capacidade de uso essas terras são adaptadas para qualquer tipo de uso agrícola, sendo melhor utilizadas na agricultura. Nesse compartimento predomina o uso agrícola das terras. As baixas declividades e os solos espessos conferem a esse compartimento baixa suscetibilidade a erosão, embora essa suscetibilidade seja potencializada quando esse é submetido à ação de fluxos d água concentrados. O compartimento dos morrotes possui altas declividades e morfologia convexa, esculpidos sobre quartzitos do Grupo Araxá Sul de Goiás e silexitos do Complexo Granulítico Anápolis-Itauçu, onde a resistência das rochas ao intemperismo condicionou a formação de Neossolo Litólico. As terras desse compartimento são impróprias para a utilização agrícola e urbana, devendo ser destinas a preservação permanente. No compartimento das baixas vertentes, predominam baixas altitudes e altas declividades, constituindo diversas formas de vertentes, incluindo cabeceiras de drenagem, esculpidas em geral sobre gnaisses e quartzitos do Complexo Granulítico Anápolis-Itauçu e em alguns casos restritos, sobre micaxistos e quartzitos do Grupo Araxá Sul de Goiás. Essas rochas condicionaram a formação de Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, Latossolo Vermelho, Cambissolo e Neossolo Litólico, recobertos em geral por Floresta Estacional. São terras melhor adaptadas para pastagens e reflorestamentos. As altas declividades, as formas côncavas e côncavo-convexas e a pouca espessura dos solos nesse compartimento lhe conferem alta suscetibilidade a erosão. Logo, os condicionantes naturais sob o uso inadequado da terra, onde faltam infra-estruturas de captação e dissipação das águas superficiais aumentam e muito o potencial de erosão dessas terras. O compartimento das planícies fluviais, compreende as menores altitudes e declividades, sobrepostas na sua maioria por Depósitos Aluvionáres, onde a baixa profundidade do lençol freático condicionou a formação de Gleissolos. A vegetação original corresponde a Floresta Estacional. São terras impróprias para a utilização agrícola e urbana devendo ser destinadas a preservação permanente.
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Azevedo, Thiago Salomão de [UNESP]. „Legislação e geotecnologias na definição das áreas de preservação permanente e das reservas legais: aplicação à bacia do Córrego das Posses, município de Extrema - MG“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104372.
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azevedo_ts_dr_rcla.pdf: 2072330 bytes, checksum: c53a775f453ac4ad5f017782c6e9ef15 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e de Reservas Legais (RL). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP’s e RL’s, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. Os objetivos secundários, que subsidiam o principal são: o mapeamento das áreas que devem ser conservadas e das áreas em que se devem proceder medidas de restauração e/ou o estabelecimento de cenários alternativos de ocupação da bacia do córrego das Posses, considerando a conservação dos recursos florestais em terras privadas como fator prioritário para a locação das áreas estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal Brasileiro. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP’s e de RL’s. Através da utilização de geotecnologias tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostram que, nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente e nas Reservas Legais, a legislação ambiental não está sendo cumprida. Entretanto, para a bacia das Posses, a regularização das propriedades com relação ao Código Florestal não é suficiente para manter a conectividade da paisagem, pois ainda assim a área de matas não atinge o limite mínimo exigido para que a mesma percole.
The government strategy to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources on private lands in Brazil is based on the adoption of the command and control measures established by the Forest Code under the form of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR). The main purpose of this study is to verify if it would be possible to restore the structural connectivity of Posses watershed landscape located in Extrema City, Minas Gerais State, by the enforcement of the environmental legislation established in Brazil Forest Code with reference to PPA and LR. The objectives which contribute to the furtherance of the main purpose are: a) the mapping of areas that must be preserved and b) the mapping of areas in which measures of recuperation and/or establishment of some alternative occupation scenarios to Posses watershed must be carried out, taking into consideration forest resources conservation on private lands as a primary factor for the allocation of areas established by the Brazilian Forest Code. The methodology used in this study was based on designations of criteria that substantiated the allocation of priority areas of PPA and LR. These criteria were spatialized through the usage of geotechnologies, creating scenarios that show landscapes degradation. The results demonstrate that in Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves the environmental legislation is not being enforced. However, for Posses watershed area, the regularization of the properties regarding to the Forest Code is not sufficient to maintain the landscape connectivity since forested areas still does not reach the minimum required for it to percolate.
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CUTRONEO, LAURA. „Use of microseismic data to monitor significant sea wave heights in support of marine weather forecasting and coastal protection“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1076418.
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The focus of the Ph.D. project was the implementation of a network for monitoring significant sea wave heights (Hs) along the Ligurian coasts (north-western Mediterranean Sea), in order to provide near-real time data to weather forecasters and sea users (vessel captains, pilots, Coast Guard, Port Authorities and yachtsmen). The project was divided into a part dedicated to the use of microseismic data, interfaced with data derived from modelling hindcasts and from the wave buoy of Capo Mele, for the determination of Hs, and a part dedicated to the Interreg Italy-France Maritime 2014-2020 SINAPSI "Assistance to navigation for safe access to ports” Project, which involves the installation of instruments for measuring weather and sea parameters along the coasts of the Ligurian Sea.
The first phase of the Ph.D. project involved the study and updating of a mathematical procedure for the estimation of Hs from the microseismic data recorded by the network of seismic stations along the Ligurian arch. The procedure exploited the existing relationship between sea wave heights and microseismic signal and included the use of hindcast data to calibration steps and data from the Capo Mele wave buoy to verify the reliability of the estimated Hs data. In October 2018, an extreme sea storm hit the Ligurian coast with waves characterised by Hs greater than 6 m; these wave heights were not matched by an equivalent energy in the microseismic signal, which therefore led to an underestimation of the Hs estimated by the procedure. It was therefore necessary to investigate the extreme event of 2018, which led to the evidence of a lack in the energy of the microseismic signal and the need for a data compensation, which was possible thanks to the use of weather data (wind speed and atmospheric pressure) that were included in an additional element to the estimation procedure. The second phase of the Ph.D. project therefore involved verifying the reliability of the data estimated by the procedure, which led to the evidence of a generic underestimation of Hs. This led to the study of a first modification of the procedure and to the consequent monitoring of its validity on a large time scale. The monitoring of the reliability of the estimated data will be continued after the end of the Ph.D., as well as the updating/refinement of the procedure.
The Ph.D. project involved the participation in the SINAPSI Project, which started in April 2019, in all its components, from the management to the implementation of the monitoring network, also including the communication and dissemination of the project activities to the stakeholders.
The Ph.D. has achieved the improvement of the Hs estimation procedure. The research activities will continue beyond the Ph.D. natural end to implement the results with data from a radar antenna system that will be installed in the Genoa area in the framework of the SINAPSI Project.
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Sánchez, García Carlos. „Inundaciones históricas en la provincia de Almería. Reconstrucción y caracterización pluridisciplinar de eventos hidrológicos extremos en las cuencas de los ríos Almanzora, Antas, Aguas y Andarax“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669983.
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La provincia de Almería presenta unas características climatológicas, geomorfológicas e hidrológicas extraordinarias. La aridez junto con las lluvias torrenciales, en unión a la orografía hace que las ramblas, ríos efímeros, se inunden de agua repentinamente, pudiendo ocasionar daños personales y económicos muy cuantiosos. Este estudio se centra en cuatro cuencas del sureste de la Península Ibérica, las cuencas de los ríos Almanzora, Andarax, Antas y Aguas.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es crear las series de datos de inundaciones históricas de los ríos en cuestión, a partir de fuentes históricas. Una vez tenidos las descripciones de las riadas históricas, se clasifican según su orden de magnitud, a partir de una tabla de indicadores de daños. Por otra parte, se ha realizado un análisis de frecuencias de inundaciones para el río Almanzora, donde se muestra que las inundaciones más catastróficas pueden ocurrir con periodo de retorno de 100 años. El análisis de la inundación de 2012 en la cuenca del río Antas también ha sido objeto de estudio, así como, el análisis y caracterización de la evolución de los usos del suelo y los cambios en la morfología fluvial del tramo medio-bajo del río Antas a lo largo de los últimos 60 años.
La línea de trabajo se define como la obtención de las series de inundaciones históricas; el cálculo de la frecuencia de éstas; la caracterización de uno de los eventos catastróficos; y contextualizar las características hidrológicas, climatológicas, geomorfológicas y de usos del suelo del área de estudio.
Las series de inundaciones históricas de los ríos Andarax y Almanzora, prolongan la serie hasta el 1500 AD. Por otra parte, los ríos Antas y Aguas, de menor superficie, tienen una serie de inundaciones históricas desde 1750 AD. La frecuencia de las inundaciones se ve sesgada por la falta de información sobre inundaciones de baja intensidad en los primeros siglos de la serie. A mediados del Siglo XIX es cuando se han registrado un número más elevado de inundaciones de baja intensidad. Sin embargo, las inundaciones de alta intensidad y baja frecuencia, se han registrado desde que se tienen registros documentales. Ocurre lo mismo en la cuenca del río Andarax. En cambio, en las series de los ríos Antas y Aguas, se empiezan a registrar riadas cuando aparecen las primeras fuentes secundarias como periódicos locales.
A partir de la aplicación del método de pooling distribution se ha podido estimar los caudales de las inundaciones históricas del río Almanzora. La calibración de las magnitudes de inundaciones sobre un periodo de referencia (1962-2018) se ha llevado a cabo extrapolando los datos instrumentales correspondientes a la Estación de Aforo de Sta. Bárbara (1962-2018). Se han estimado los valores medios de las inundaciones históricas según su magnitud. De este modo, las inundaciones de magnitudes bajas (M1 y M2) se estiman los caudales en 138 y 1.300 m3s-1, mientras que las inundaciones de magnitudes altas (M3 y MPD), 3.600 y 5.600 m3s-1. Con los datos de caudales estimados se ha calculado el periodo de retorno utilizando la pooling distribution, de este modo se ha llegado a tener unos periodos de retorno de T=1, 5, 50, 100 años.
La inundación de 2012 fue extraordinaria, causando numerosos daños en las cuencas bajas de los ríos Antas y Aguas. De este modo, los más de 200 mm. que precipitaron en poco más de 6 horas en algunas partes del área de estudio provocaron un caudal entre 2.800 y 3.200 m3s-1 en la desembocadura del río Antas. Se ha reconstruido pues, a partir de estos caudales el área inundada en el tramo final del río Antas. Los resultados concuerdan aproximadamente con la cartografía realizada a partir de trabajo de campo y medición de alturas de aguas por las imágenes que se han encontrado en la red.
Un factor clave a la hora de entender la hidrología del área de estudio son los usos de suelo. Éstos han cambiado de forma fundamental en los últimos 30-40 años. El uso tradicional de riego, a partir de acequias utilizando el agua que lleva el río, se ha transformado en un regadío intensivo con maquinaria pesada. Además, la extrema urbanización en las zonas costeras, en muchas ocasiones en zonas inundables, ha hecho que haya aumentado la peligrosidad de las inundaciones y la vulnerabilidad de los habitantes a este riesgo natural.The main objective of this Ph.D Thesis is to create the series of historical flood data of the rivers in question, from historical sources. Once the descriptions of the historical floods are had, they are classified according to their order of magnitude, from a table of damage indicators. On the other hand, an analysis of flood frequencies has been carried out for the Almanzora river, where it is shown that the most catastrophic floods can occur with a return period of 100 years. The analysis of the 2012 flood in the Antas river basin has also been the object of study, as well as the analysis and characterization of the evolution of land use and the changes in the fluvial morphology of the mid-low stretch of the Antas river over the last 60 years. The line of work is defined as obtaining the series of historical floods; calculating their frequency; characterizing one of the catastrophic events; and contextualizing the hydrological, climatological, and geomorphological and land use characteristics of the study area. The historical flood series of the Andarax and Almanzora rivers extend the series up to 1500 AD. On the other hand, the smaller rivers Antas and Aguas have a series of historical floods from 1750 AD. The frequency of floods is biased by the lack of information on low-intensity floods in the first centuries of the series. The middle of the 19th century is when a higher number of low-intensity floods have been recorded. However, high intensity, low frequency floods have been recorded since documentary records have been kept. The same is true of the Andarax river basin. On the other hand, in the series of the rivers Antas and Aguas, floods begin to be recorded when the first secondary sources appear as local newspapers. From the application of the pooling distribution method it has been possible to estimate the flows of the historical floods of the Almanzora river. The calibration of flood magnitudes over a reference period (1962-2018) has been carried out extrapolating the instrumental data corresponding to the Sta. Bárbara gauging station (1962-2018). The average values of the historical floods have been estimated according to their magnitude. Thus, floods of low magnitudes (M1 and M2) are estimated at 138 and 1,300 m3s-1, while floods of high magnitudes (M3 and MPD), 3,600 and 5,600 m3s-1. With the estimated discharge data, the return period has been calculated using pooling distribution, thus having return periods of T=1, 5, 50, 100 years. The 2012-flood was extraordinary, causing numerous damages in the lower basins of the rivers Antas and Aguas. In this way, the more than 200 mm. that precipitated in less than 6 hours in some parts of the study area caused a discharge between 2,800 and 3,200 m3s-1 in the mouth of the river Antas. The flooded area in the final stretch of the river Antas has been reconstructed from these discharges. The results agree approximately with the cartography carried out from field work and measurement of water heights by the images that have been found in the network. A key factor in understanding the hydrology of the study area is land use. These have changed fundamentally in the last 30-40 years. The traditional use of irrigation, from ditches using the water carried by the river, has been transformed into intensive irrigation with heavy machinery. In addition, extreme urbanization in coastal areas, often in flooded areas, has increased the danger of flooding and the vulnerability of inhabitants to this natural risk.
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Farvacque, Manon. „Evaluation quantitative du risque rocheux : de la formalisation à l'application sur les linéaires et les zones urbanisées ). How argest wildfire events in France? A Bayesian assessment based on extreme value theory ). Hows rockfall risk impacted by land-use and land-cover changes? Insights from the French Alps. Quantitative risk assessment in a rockfall-prone area: the case study of the Crolles municipality (Massif de la Chartreuse, French Alps)“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02860296.
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L’aléa chute de blocs est caractérisé par le détachement brutal d’une masse rocheuse, depuis une paroi (sub)verticale, qui se propage rapidement vers l’aval par rebonds successifs. Ces événements, fréquents en zones de montagne, représentent un aléa majeur pour les infrastructures collectives et les habitations, et induisent fréquemment de graves accidents. En France, par exemple, le détachement d’un volume rocheux de 30 m3 en 2014 a provoqué le déraillement du train touristique des Pignes, faisant deux victimes et neuf blessés. En 2015, l’endommagement des voies et la perturbation du trafic ferroviaire suite à un événement rocheux survenu entre Moûtiers et Bourg-Saint-Maurice a induit 1.34M€ de réparations, et 5.4M€ de dommages indirects.Ces différents événements illustrent bien notre vulnérabilité face aux événements rocheux, et soulignent que les collectivités locales et les pouvoirs publics sont encore fréquemment démunis en matière de méthode de diagnostic et d’analyse du risque de chute de blocs. Dans ce contexte, l’évaluation des risques par une approche de type quantitative, appelée QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment), est devenue incontournable pour l’aménagement des territoires de montagne et le choix des mesures de mitigation. Chaque terme de l’équation du risque, dont les composantes principales sont l’aléa, la vulnérabilité, et l’exposition, sont alors fidèlement quantifiés, offrant des informations sur les dommages potentiels.Malgré le vif intérêt alloué aux approches de type QRA pour la gestion des risques rocheux, de telles applications restent encore inhabituelles. La rareté de ces approches est principalement liée à la difficulté à évaluer précisément chacune des composantes du risque. De plus, les quelques études qui proposent une approche QRA dans le domaine rocheux font généralement l’hypothèse de la stationnarité du processus, alors que l’étalement urbain, ou l’évolution de l’occupation des sols, qui modifient le fonctionnement du processus ne sont pas intégrés. Enfin, le risque rocheux – comme la plupart des autres risques naturels – est exprimé par la moyenne des dommages. Cependant, cette moyenne arithmétique est associée à plusieurs faiblesses, et n’offre qu’une seule valeur du risque, généralement inadaptée aux différentes contraintes auxquelles doivent faire face les gestionnaires. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est de renforcer les bases formelles du calcul du risque dans le domaine des chutes de blocs, d’évaluer les effets des changements environnementaux sur le risque rocheux, et de proposer une méthode où le risque de chutes de blocs est quantifié à partir de mesures de risque alternatives à la moyenne arithmétique. A cet effet, nous proposons une procédure holistique de QRA où le risque rocheux est quantifié en combinant un modèle de simulation trajectographique avec des courbes de vulnérabilité et un large spectre de volume rocheux et de zones de départ de chutes de blocs. La faisabilité et l’intérêt de cette procédure est illustré sur deux cas d’études réels : la commune de Crolles (Alpes Françaises), et la vallée de l’Uspallata (Cordillère des Andes). Par ailleurs, nous mesurons l’effet des changements environnementaux sur le risque de chutes de blocs en appliquant la QRA dans différents contextes d’utilisation et d’occupation des sols. Enfin, nous proposons une approche innovante où deux mesures de risque, dites "quantile-based measures", sont introduites. Ces dernières permettent une meilleure prise en compte des événements extrêmes et permettent d’envisager la gestion du risque à divers horizons temporelsRockfalls are a common type of fast moving landslide, corresponding to the detachment of individual rocks and boulders of different sizes from a vertical or sub-vertical cliff, and to their travel down the slope by free falling, bouncing and/or rolling. Every year, in the Alpine environment, rockfalls reach urbanized areas causing damage to structures and injuring people. Precise rockfall risk analysis has therefore become an essential tool for authorities and stakeholders in land-use planning.To this aim, quantitative risk assessment (QRA) procedures originally developed for landslides have been adapted to rockfall processes. In QRAs, rockfall risk for exposed elements is estimated by coupling the hazard, exposure and vulnerability components. However in practice, the estimation of the different components of risk is challenging, and methods for quantifying risk in rockfall-prone regions remain scarce. Similarly, the few studies which so far performed QRAs for rockfall assume stationary, precluding reliable anticipation of the risk in a context where environmental and societal conditions are evolving rapidly and substantially. Moreover, rockfall risk remains - as for most of natural hazards - always defined as the loss expectation. This metric offers a unique risk value, usually inconsistent with short/long term constraints or trade-offs faced by decision-makers.On this basis, this PhD thesis therefore aims at (i) reinforcing the basis of QRA, (ii) assessing the effect of environmental changes on rockfall risk, and (iii) proposing method for quantifying rockfall risk from measures of risk alternative to the standard loss expectation. In that respect, we propose a QRA procedure where the rockfall risk is quantified by combining a rockfall simulation model with the physical vulnerability of potentially affected structures and a wide spectrum of rockfall volumes as well as release areas. The practicability and interest of this procedure is illustrated on two real case studies, i.e. the municipality of Crolles, in the French Alps, and the Uspallata valley, in the central Andes mountains. Similarly, the effect of environmental changes on rockfall risk is considered by comparing rockfall risk values in different land-use and land-cover contexts. Last, we implement in our procedure on an individual basis two quantile-based measures, namely the value-at-risk and the expected-shortfall, so as to assess rockfall risk for different risk-management horizon periods. All in all, this PhD thesis clearly demonstrates the added value of QRA procedure in the field of rockfall, and reinforces its basis by implementing analytical, statistical or numerical models. The resulting panel of risk maps, also proposed under non-stationary contexts, are of major interest for stakeholders in charge of risk management, and constitute appropriate basis for land-use planning and prioritizing of mitigation strategies
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Shahidzay, Amir Kror. „Development of a health management information system using agile software-engineering methods“. 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3882.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe purpose of this thesis is to discuss the development of a web application from scratch. It serves to build a health management information system from basic principles and covers all the software engineering activities starting from the gathering of requirements, evaluating these and eventually implementing a health management information system by applying several iterations of the Agile-extreme-programming-software-engineering approach to develop a Health Management System for the Kabul University Poly-clinic located at Kabul University campus in order to computerize clerical activities at the hospital. Questionnaires were used to uncover the clerical problems experienced by the hospital sta . Attempts to address these problems by designing and im- plementing software and re ne the software after some iterations of feedback- redesign-and-implementation following the guidelines of Agile extreme pro- gramming. The previous Health management systems at the hospital were paper based. The new computerized system has eased the burdens of tracking the les of patients at the hospital, leading to easier and more e cient access to information by the health-care professionals at the hospital. An assessment of the impact this has had on the medical and clerical sta and the smoother administration of the hospital by repeated user acceptance testing by means of questionnaires con rms the success of the project.
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„Impact Assessments of Extreme Weather Events using Geographical Approaches“. Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57152.
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abstract: Recent extreme weather events such the 2020 Nashville, Tennessee tornado and Hurricane Maria highlight the devastating economic losses and loss of life associated with weather-related disasters. Understanding the impacts of extreme weather events is critical to mitigating disaster losses and increasing societal resilience to future events. Geographical approaches are best suited to examine social and ecological factors in extreme weather event impacts because they systematically examine the spatial interactions (e.g., flows, processes, impacts) of the earth’s system and human-environment relationships. The goal of this research is to demonstrate the utility of geographical approaches in assessing social and ecological factors in extreme weather event impacts. The first two papers analyze the social factors in the impact of Hurricane Sandy through the application of social geographical factors. The first paper examines how knowledge disconnect between experts (climatologists, urban planners, civil engineers) and policy-makers contributed to the damaging impacts of Hurricane Sandy. The second paper examines the role of land use suitability as suggested by Ian McHarg in 1969 and unsustainable planning in the impact of Hurricane Sandy. Overlay analyses of storm surge and damage buildings show damage losses would have been significantly reduced had development followed McHarg’s suggested land use suitability. The last two papers examine the utility of Unpiloted Aerial Systems (UASs) technologies and geospatial methods (ecological geographical approaches) in tornado damage surveys. The third paper discusses the benefits, limitations, and procedures of using UASs technologies in tornado damage surveys. The fourth paper examines topographical influences on tornadoes using UAS technologies and geospatial methods (ecological geographical approach). This paper highlights how topography can play a major role in tornado behavior (damage intensity and path deviation) and demonstrates how UASs technologies can be invaluable tools in damage assessments and improving the understanding of severe storm dynamics (e.g., tornadic wind interactions with topography). Overall, the significance of these four papers demonstrates the potential to improve societal resilience to future extreme weather events and mitigate future losses by better understanding the social and ecological components in extreme weather event impacts through geographical approaches.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Geography 2020
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Ferguson, Scott M. „Design of autonomous reconfigurable systems for use in extreme operating environments“. 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594487071&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 20 2009) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Lewis, Kemper E. Includes bibliographical references.
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Castro, Marisol Andrea. „On generalizing the multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model“. 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19562.
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The overall goal of the dissertation is to contribute to the growing literature on multiple discrete-continuous (MDC) choice models. In MDC choice situations, consumers often encounter two inter-related decisions at a choice instance – which alternative(s) to choose for consumption from a set of available alternatives, and the amount to consume of the chosen alternatives. In the recent literature, there is increasing attention on modeling MDC situations based on a rigorous underlying micro-economic utility maximization framework. Among these models, the multiple-discrete continuous extreme value MDCEV model (Bhat, 2005, 2008) provides a number of advantages over other models. The primary objective of this dissertation is to extend the MDCEV framework to accommodate more realistic decision-making processes from a behavioral standpoint. The dissertation has two secondary objectives. The first is to advance the current operationalization and the econometric modeling of MDC choice situations. The second is to contribute to the transportation literature by estimating MDC models that provide new insights on individuals’ travel decision processes.
The proposed extensions of the MDCEV model include: (1) To formulate and estimate a latent choice set generation model within the MDCEV framework, (2) To develop a random utility-based model formulation that extends the MDCEV model to include multiple linear constraints, and (3) To extend the MDCEV model to relax the assumption of an additively separable utility function. The methodologies developed in this dissertation allow the specification and estimation of complex MDC choice models, and may be viewed as a major advance with the potential to lead to significant breakthroughs in the way MDC choices are structured and implemented. These methodologies provide a more realistic representation of the choice process. The proposed extensions are applied to different empirical contexts within the transportation field, including participation in and travel mileage allocated to non-work activities during various time periods of the day for workers, participation in recreational activities and time allocation for workers, and household expenditures in disaggregate transportation categories. The results from these exercises clearly underline the importance of relaxing some of the assumptions made, not only in the MDCEV model, but in MDC models in general.text
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Preve, Lorenzo A. Titman Sheridan. „The use of trade credit under extreme conditions financial distress and financial crisis /“. 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/2165/prevela042.pdf.
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