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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Extraction de structures argumentatives“

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Veröffentlicht am 22. Februar 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Extraction de structures argumentatives"

García-Villalba, María Paz, und Patrick Saint-Dizier. „A Framework to Extract Arguments in Opinion Texts“. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 6, Nr. 3 (Juli 2012): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2012070104.

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In this article, the authors present foundational elements related to argument extraction in opinion texts with the objective to design a model of how consumers develop argumentation in such texts. A second goal is to analyze and synthesize user preferences and therefore user value systems from these arguments. They show that (1) within the context of opinionated expressions, a number of evaluative expressions with a ‘heavy’ semantic load receive an argumentative interpretation, and (2) that the association of an evaluative expression with a discourse structure such as an elaboration, an illustration, or a reformulation must also be interpreted as an argument. The authors develop a conceptual semantics of these discourse structures and show how they are analyzed using the Dislog programming language, running on the <TextCoop> platform, dedicated to discourse analysis.

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Combettes, Bernard. „Du latin scolastique au français : structures argumentatives et topicalisation“. L'Information Grammaticale 118, Nr. 1 (2008): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/igram.2008.3980.

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Munteanu, Marius Octavian. „Stratégies rhétorico-argumentatives fallacieuses et biais cognitifs dans le discours de propagande“. Revue internationale animation, territoires et pratiques socioculturelles, Nr. 25 (06.07.2024): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55765/atps.i25.2426.

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Cet article révèle les structures intimes des discours de propagande au moyen d’une analyse alliant des concepts dérivés de l’argumentation, de la rhétorique et de la communication politique. Il met à nu leurs traits discursifs mobilisés pour accroître l’adhésion des foules, en distinguant la communication politique de la propagande, l’argumentation par conviction de l’argumentation par la persuasion. Comment les stratégies rhétorico-argumentatives contribuent-elles à la construction de discours étalant leur « vérité » ou leur « réalité », construisant des mondes alternatifs présentés comme les vrais mondes ? L’analyse déployée sur le discours de la sénatrice roumaine Diana Șoșoacă relatif aux séismes survenus en Turquie en février 2023 procure des éléments de réponse. Feignant l’argumentation rationnelle reposant sur des arguments factuels, la propagandiste fait appel aux émotions primaires de son auditoire pour changer sa forma mentis.

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Shashi Prabha Anan, Et al. „Argumentation Mining System for Corpus-based Discourse Analysis based on Structured Arguments“. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, Nr. 9 (05.11.2023): 2967–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9400.

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An Argumentation mining system can analyze a large volume of text data through a variety of sources. Nowadays it is highly useful in the areas of business, economics, and finance with digital marketing being the most promising field along with social media. It is the study of corpus-based discourse analysis that involves the automatic identification of argumentative structure in text. Initially, AM talks about extracting structured arguments from natural text, often unstructured or noisy text. Theoretical approaches of AM and pragmatic schemes that satisfy the needs of social media generated data, recognizing the need for adapting more flexible and expandable schemes, capable of adjusting to argumentation conditions that exist in social media. In this scenario it is a very challenging argumentation scheme able to identify the distinct sub-task and capture the needs of social media text, revealing the need for adopting a more flexible and extensible framework. Corpus-based Machine Learning of linguistic annotations has enabled researchers to identify repetitive linguistic patterns of language use and to uncover hidden meaning in all areas of Natural Language Processing.

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Zahia, Marouf, und Benslimane Sidi Mohamed. „Towards Ontological Structures Extraction from Folksonomies“. International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 10, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2014): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2014100103.

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Folksonomies are one of the technologies of Web 2.0 that permit users to annotate resources on the Web. In this paper, the authors propose an integrated approach to extract ontological structures from unstructured and semi-structured resources. Our proposal overcome limitations of existing approaches. It gives a formal, simple, and efficient solution to the tag clustering and disambiguation problem. Moreover, their approach doesn't need any ontology as an upper guide during the generation process. The generated ontology can be used to enhance various tasks such as ontology evolution and enrichment.

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Tang, Sze-Wing. „Extraction in Contral Structures in Chinese“. Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 31, Nr. 2 (2002): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000107.

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Okuyan, Erhan, Uğur Güdükbay und Oğuz Gülseren. „Pattern information extraction from crystal structures“. Computer Physics Communications 176, Nr. 7 (April 2007): 486–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2007.01.002.

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Ferre-Gine, J., R. Rallo, A. Arenas und Francesc Giralt. „Extraction of structures from turbulent signals“. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering 11, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1997): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0954-1810(97)00003-4.

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LEU, TZONG-SHYNG, und CHING-YI PAI. „PARTICLE-FREE EXTRACTION BY USING MICROCHANNEL STRUCTURES“. International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 19 (Januar 2012): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451200880x.

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Modern separation methods of particles are usually prepared by large equipments. In this study, microfluidic chips with backward-facing-step (BFS) microchannel structures and centrifugal force are used to extract particle-free fluid from physical samples at the branch. Numerical simulation and experimental studies were performed to investigate the effects of inlet Reynolds number ( Re 0), as well as the particle-free fluid outlet Reynolds number ( Re 1), on the minimum radius of particles (R) that can be excluded from the particle-free fluid outlet channel. The fraction of the volumetric flow rate of particle-free extraction α (=extraction flow rate/inlet flow rate) was also obtained to evaluate the efficiency of particle-free extraction. Based on the numerical and experimental results, it is found that the design with 90° elbow inlet channel has a better performance than straight inlet channel. In this experiment, 1.0 μm radius of particles can be successfully separated from the fluid, and the volumetric fraction of the extraction flow rate was approximately 1.8% when inlet and outlet Reynolds numbers are 90 and 3.0 respectively.

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Runarsson, T. P., M. T. Jonsson und G. R. Jonsson. „Cumulant Based Modal Parameter Extraction of Structures“. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, Nr. 2 (01.04.1998): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893841.

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This paper describes a nonlinear deterministic estimator based on cumulants for the extraction of modal parameters. The signal analysed is composed of multiple exponentially damped real sinusoids in unknown additive noise. Cumulants reduce significantly the effects of noise and are also an efficient way of compressing the sampled data. In modal analysis a sensor may be unable to detect some modes of vibration due to its location. Cumulants estimated from real data sampled at different locations and instances are added directly together. This average cumulant function will contain the eigenvalues for all excited modes of vibration. Finding the frequencies and corresponding damping factors is therefore reduced to solving a single average cumulant function. The performance of the proposed estimator is examined and compared with the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm via simulations.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Extraction de structures argumentatives"

Molinet, Benjamin. „Génération et évaluation d'explications argumentatives en langage naturel appliquées au domaine médical“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4063.

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L'Argument Mining, un domaine en pleine expansion du traitement automatique du langage naturel (TALN) et des modèles informatiques d'argumentation, vise à reconnaître automatiquement les structures d'argumentation (c'est-à-dire les composants et les relations) dans les ressources textuelles en langage naturel. Dans le domaine médicale, l'Argument Mining s'est avérée bénéfique en fournissant des méthodes pour détecter automatiquement les structures argumentatives afin de soutenir la médecine fondée sur des preuves. L'importance de ces approches repose sur le fait que, malgré la précision des modèles neuronaux dans la prédiction de diagnostic médical, l'explication de leurs résultats reste problématique. Cette thèse aborde cette question ouverte et se concentre sur la génération et l'évaluation d'explications argumentatives en langage naturel pour les prédictions de diagnostic, afin d'aider les cliniciens dans la prise de décision et l'apprentissage. Tout d'abord, j'ai proposé un nouveau pipeline complet pour générer automatiquement des explications en langage naturel d'examens (QCM) médicaux sur les diagnostics en s'appuyant sur une ontologie médicale et des entités cliniques à partir des textes d'examen. J'ai défini un système état de l'art de reconnaissance et de classification des entités médicales nommées (NERC) pour détecter les symptômes exprimés par les patients et les résultats médicaux que j'aligne sur les termes de l'ontologie afin de justifier le diagnostic d'un cas clinique fourni aux résidents en médecine. Le module NERC, appelé SYMEXP, permet à notre système de générer des explications argumentatives en langage naturel basées sur des templates afin de justifier pourquoi la bonne réponse est correcte et pourquoi les autres options proposées ne le sont pas. Deuxièmement, j'ai proposé un cadre d'évaluation des explications basées sur l'argumentation, appelé ABEXA, pour extraire automatiquement la structure argumentative d'un QCM médicale et mettre en évidence un ensemble de critères personnalisables pour caractériser l'explication clinique et l'argumentation du document. ABEXA aborde la question de l'évaluation des explications d'un point de vue argumentatif en définissant un ensemble de patterns sur un graphe argumentatif généré automatiquement. Troisièmement, j'ai contribué à la conception et au développement de la suite de logiciels ANTIDOTE, qui propose différents modules d'intelligence artificielle explicative guidée par l'argumentation pour la médecine. Notre système offre les fonctionnalités suivantes : analyse argumentative multilingue pour le domaine médical, explication, extraction et génération de diagnostics cliniques, modèles linguistiques multilingues pour le domaine médical, et le premier benchmark multilingue de QCM médicaux. En conclusion, dans cette thèse, j'explore comment l'intelligence artificielle combinée à la théorie de l'argumentation pourrait conduire à des systèmes de soins de santé plus transparents. Nous appliquons nos résultats au domaine critique de la médecine en montrant tout leur potentiel en termes de soutien à l'éducation, par exemple, des étudiants en médecine
Argument(ation) mining, a rapidly growing area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and computational models of argument, aims at the automatic recognition of argument structures (i.e., components and relations) in natural language textual resources. In the healthcare domain, argument mining has proven beneficial in providing methods to automatically detect argumentative structures to support Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). The importance of these approaches relies on the fact that, despite the accuracy of neural models in medical diagnosis, explanation of their outcomes remains problematic. The thesis tackles this open issue and focuses on generation and assessment of natural language argumentative explanations for diagnosis predictions, supporting clinicians in decision making and learning. First, I proposed a novel complete pipeline to automatically generate natural language explanations of medical question answering exams for diagnoses relying on a medical ontology and clinical entities from exam texts. I defined a state-of-the-art medical named entity recognition and classification (NERC) system to detect layperson symptoms and medical findings that I align to ontology terms so as to justify a diagnosis of a clinical case provided to medical residents. NERC module, called SYMEXP, allows our system to generate template-based natural language argumentative explanations to justify why the correct answer is correct and why the other proposed options are not. Second, I proposed an argument-based explanation assessment framework, called ABEXA, to automatically extract the argumentative structure of a medical question answering document and highlight a set of customisable criteria to characterise the clinical explanation and the document argumentation. ABEXA tackles the issue of explanation assessment from the argumentative viewpoint by defining a set of graph rules over an automatically generated argumentative graph. Third, I contributed to the design and development of the ANTIDOTE software tool, proposing different modules for argumentation-driven explainable Artificial Intelligence for digital medicine. Our system offers the following functionalities: multilingual argumentative analysis for the medical domain, explanation, extraction and generation of clinical diagnoses, multilingual large language models for the medical domain, and the first multilingual benchmark for medical question-answering. In conclusion, in this thesis, I explore how artificial intelligence combined with the argumentation theory could lead to more transparent healthcare systems. We apply our results to the critical domain of medicine showing all their potential in terms of support for education, for example, of clinical residents

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Megzari, Idriss El. „Représentation et évaluation de structures argumentatives“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27547.

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Dans des domaines comme l'aéronautique, l'énergie, le médical ou encore les technologies de l'information en général, les besoins de formuler des arguments de sûreté, sécurité, confidentialité, etc. sont de plus en plus présents. Or, la représentation et l'évaluation de ces arguments n'est pas une chose aisée et fait l'objet de nombreux débats depuis les dix dernières années particulièrement. Une structure argumentative est une modélisation d'un argument ayant comme but d'expliciter les liens (l'argument) reliant une affirmation modélisant une propriété d'un système aux preuves qui la supportent. Les deux principaux défis reliés aux structures argumentatives sont les langages de représentation et les méthodes permettant d'évaluer le niveau de confiance que l'on peut attribuer à l'argument modélisé. S'intéressant à ces deux problématiques, ce mémoire investigue d'une part des langages permettant de représenter des structures argumentatives, et d'une autre part la théorie de l'évidence de Dempster-Shafer. En particulier, ce mémoire présente les langages GSN et TCL, la correspondance entre ces deux langages ainsi que de possibles extensions permettant d'en augmenter l'expressivité. La théorie de l'évidence de Dempster-Shafer y est aussi présentée et y fait l'objet d'une extension qui évite de traiter les cas limites comme des cas particuliers. La théorie de l'évidence de Dempster-Shafer permet de construire un modèle de confiance global à partir d'évaluations locales. Ces dernières sont obtenues en évaluant chaque composante d'une structure argumentative de façon indépendante. Des approches de construction des structures argumentatives ainsi que d'évaluation de leurs éléments sont développées et appliquées dans le cas de deux exemples provenant de deux contextes différents : la conformité avec l'exemple de l'ISO-27001 et la sûreté avec l'exemple d'une pompe à perfusion.

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Lowe, Daniel Mark. „Extraction of chemical structures and reactions from the literature“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244727.

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The ever increasing quantity of chemical literature necessitates the creation of automated techniques for extracting relevant information. This work focuses on two aspects: the conversion of chemical names to computer readable structure representations and the extraction of chemical reactions from text. Chemical names are a common way of communicating chemical structure information. OPSIN (Open Parser for Systematic IUPAC Nomenclature), an open source, freely available algorithm for converting chemical names to structures was developed. OPSIN employs a regular grammar to direct tokenisation and parsing leading to the generation of an XML parse tree. Nomenclature operations are applied successively to the tree with many requiring the manipulation of an in-memory connection table representation of the structure under construction. Areas of nomenclature supported are described with attention being drawn to difficulties that may be encountered in name to structure conversion. Results on sets of generated names and names extracted from patents are presented. On generated names, recall of between 96.2% and 99.0% was achieved with a lower bound of 97.9% on precision with all results either being comparable or superior to the tested commercial solutions. On the patent names OPSIN s recall was 2-10% higher than the tested solutions when the patent names were processed as found in the patents. The uses of OPSIN as a web service and as a tool for identifying chemical names in text are shown to demonstrate the direct utility of this algorithm. A software system for extracting chemical reactions from the text of chemical patents was developed. The system relies on the output of ChemicalTagger, a tool for tagging words and identifying phrases of importance in experimental chemistry text. Improvements to this tool required to facilitate this task are documented. The structure of chemical entities are where possible determined using OPSIN in conjunction with a dictionary of name to structure relationships. Extracted reactions are atom mapped to confirm that they are chemically consistent. 424,621 atom mapped reactions were extracted from 65,034 organic chemistry USPTO patents. On a sample of 100 of these extracted reactions chemical entities were identified with 96.4% recall and 88.9% precision. Quantities could be associated with reagents in 98.8% of cases and 64.9% of cases for products whilst the correct role was assigned to chemical entities in 91.8% of cases. Qualitatively the system captured the essence of the reaction in 95% of cases. This system is expected to be useful in the creation of searchable databases of reactions from chemical patents and in facilitating analysis of the properties of large populations of reactions.

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Patsias, Sophoclis. „Extraction of dynamic characteristics from vibrating structures using image sequences“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341810.

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Svolos, Andrew. „Space and time efficient data structures in texture feature extraction“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299379.

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Adam, James G. „Designing emergence : automatic extraction of stigmergic algorithms from lattice structures“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428979.

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Siegwart, Michael. „The feasibility of electrochemical chloride extraction on prestressed concrete structures“. Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252423.

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Vučković, Jelena Scherer Axel. „Photonic crystal structures for efficient localization or extraction of light /“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2002. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08252004-130544.

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Pelfrêne, Johann. „Extraction de mots approchés“. Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES013.

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La réprésentation des facteurs d'un texte s'effectue de différentes manières (arbre, table, automate des suffixes), cependant il n'est pas connu de structure d'index pour des mots contenant des erreurs. Nous proposons l'étude de mots approchés au sens du joker, dont un résultat récent montrait que le nombre de mots à jokers maximaux non redondants était linéaire en la taille du texte duquel ces mots sont extraits. Nous introduisons ainsi les mots primitifs, permettant de diminuer le nombre de mots à jokers d'intérêts. Comme les maximaux non redondants, les primitifs forment une base permettant de déduire les autres mots maximaux. Nous montrons cependant que le nombre de primitifs et conséquemment le nombre de maximaux non redondants n'est pas linéaire, mais exponentiel. Nous présentons des propriétés de ces mots, un algorithme d'extraction des mots primitifs, et un algorithme de décision de la primitivité étant donné un mot et un texte. Ces algorithmes sont étendus à l'extraction dans plusieurs textes, à la miseà jour après ajout d'un nouveau texte, et aux caractères ambigus. Nous introduisons une notion de score réduisant le nombre de mots retenus
Indexing structures are wellknown for exact subwords (suffix array, tree, automaton), however no indexing structure is known for approximate patterns. We study patterns with don't cares, for which a recent result proposed a linear bound of the number of maximal irredundant patterns with don't cares. We introduce the primitive patterns, allowing to reduce the number of interesting patterns that can be extracted from a given text. Like the maximal irredundant patterns, the primitive patterns form a basis for the maximal patterns. We show therefore that the number of primitive patterns, and consequently the number of maximal irredundant ones, is not linear but exponential. This work presents properties of such patterns, an extraction algorithm, and an algorithm which decides the primitivity without computing the basis. These algorithms are extended to the extraction in multiple texts, to the update after adding a new text, and to ambiguous characters for which the don't care character is a special case. We introduce a scoring scheme, reducing the number of conserved patterns

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Nguyen, Truc-Vien T. „End-to-End Relation Extraction via Syntactic Structures and Semantic Resources“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369167.

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Information Extraction (IE) aims at mapping texts into fixed structure representing the key information. A typical IE system will try to answer the questions like who are present in the text, what events happen and when these events happen. The task is making possible significant advances in applications that require deep understanding capabilities such as question-answering engines, dialogue systems, or the semantic web. Due to the huge effort and time consumation of developping extraction systems by domain experts, our approach focuses on machine learning methods that can accurately infer an extraction model by training on a dataset. The goal of this research is to design and implement models with improved performance by learning the combination of different algorithms or by inventing novel structures that are able to exploit kinds of evidence that have not been explored in the literature. A basic component of an IE system is named entity recognition (NER) whose purpose is to locate objects that can be referred by names, belonging to a predefined set of categories. We approach this task by proposing a novel reranking framework that employs two learning phases to pick the best candidate. The task is considered as sequence labelling with Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is selected as the baseline algorithm. Our research employs novel kernels based on structured and unstructured features for reranking the N-best hypotheses from the CRFs baseline. The former features are generated by a polynomial kernel encoding entity features whereas tree kernels are used to model dependencies amongst tagged candidate examples. Relation Extraction (RE) is concerned with finding relationships between pairs of entities in texts. State-of-the-art relation extraction model is based on convolution kernel over the constituent parse tree. In our research, we employ dependency parses from dependency parsing in addition to phrase-structure parses from constituent parsing. We define several variations of dependency parses to inject additional information into the trees. Additionally, we provide an extensive ablation over various types of kernels by combining the tree, sequence, and polynomial kernels. These novel kernels are able to exploit learned correlations between phrase-structure parses and grammatical relations. A large amounts of wide-coverage semantic knowledge today exists in large repositories of unstructured or semi-structured text documents. The increased availability of online collaborative resources has attracted the attention of much work in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community. Nevertheless, the ability to extract it using statistical machine learning techniques is hindered by well-known problems such as heavy supervision and scalability. These drawbacks can be alleviated by applying a form of weakly supervision, specifically named distant supervision (DS), to automatically derive explicit facts from the semi-structured part of Wikipedia. To learn relational facts from Wikipedia without any labeled example or hand-crafted pattern, we employ DS where the relation providers are external repositories, e.g., YAGO (a huge semantic knowledge base), and the training instances are gathered from Freebase (a huge semantic database). These allow for potentially obtaining larger training data and many more relations, defined in different sources. We apply state-of-the-art models for ACE RE, that are sentence level RE (SRLE), to Wikipedia. Based on a mapping table of relations from YAGO to ACE (according to their semantic definitions), we design a joint RE model of DS/ACE and tested it on ACE annotations (thus according to expert linguistic annotators). Moreover, we experiment with end-to-end systems for real-world RE applications. Consequently, our RE system is applicable to any document/sentence, i.e. another major improvement on previous work, which, to our knowledge, does not show experiments on end-to-end SLRE.

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Bücher zum Thema "Extraction de structures argumentatives"

Siegwart, Michael. The feasibility of electrochemical chloride extraction on prestressed concrete structures. [S.l: The author], 2003.

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Liu, Huan. Feature Extraction, Construction and Selection: A Data Mining Perspective. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998.

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Li, Ying. Video Content Analysis Using Multimodal Information: For Movie Content Extraction, Indexing and Representation. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003.

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Bibby, Michael C. Special associative preprocessing structures for qualitative feature extraction. 1986.

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Altshuler, Daniel, und Robert Truswell. Coordination and the Syntax – Discourse Interface. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804239.001.0001.

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Abstract The goal of this book is to explore interactions between syntactic structure and discourse structure, through a case study of patterns of extraction from coordinate structures. This is the most complete account of extraction from coordinate structures to date. This is a consequence of the theoretical breadth of the survey undertaken: extraction from coordinate structures is, at first blush, a syntactic matter, but the survey ranges far beyond syntax, and this breadth raises theoretical and empirical questions across syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse structure. A complete survey of extraction from coordinate structure must pay attention to all of these domains, and their interactions. Instead of aiming to promote a single analysis, this survey motivates reasonable hypotheses which allow one to reason deductively from empirical facts to theoretical conclusions. The theoretical conclusions show that coordinate structures have the potential to discriminate between current syntactic theories, and to inform work on the interfaces between syntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. However, in many cases, the necessary empirical work has not yet been done, and too much of the literature revolves around the same handful of examples, mainly in English. We hope that this book will inspire further work on extraction from coordinate structures, particularly in understudied languages, and provide a guide to how to tease out the theoretical implications of empirical findings.

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Jena, Debdeep. Quantum Physics of Semiconductor Materials and Devices. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856849.001.0001.

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Caselli, Tommaso, Eduard Hovy, Martha Palmer und Piek Vossen, Hrsg. Computational Analysis of Storylines. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108854221.

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Event structures are central in Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence research: people can easily refer to changes in the world, identify their participants, distinguish relevant information, and have expectations of what can happen next. Part of this process is based on mechanisms similar to narratives, which are at the heart of information sharing. But it remains difficult to automatically detect events or automatically construct stories from such event representations. This book explores how to handle today's massive news streams and provides multidimensional, multimodal, and distributed approaches, like automated deep learning, to capture events and narrative structures involved in a 'story'. This overview of the current state-of-the-art on event extraction, temporal and casual relations, and storyline extraction aims to establish a new multidisciplinary research community with a common terminology and research agenda. Graduate students and researchers in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and media studies will benefit from this book.

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Hendriks, Thomas. Rainforest Capitalism. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022473.

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Congolese logging camps are places where mud, rain, fuel smugglers, and village roadblocks slow down multinational timber firms; where workers wage wars against trees while evading company surveillance deep in the forest; where labor compounds trigger disturbing colonial memories; and where blunt racism, logger machismo, and homoerotic desires reproduce violence. In Rainforest Capitalism Thomas Hendriks examines the rowdy world of industrial timber production in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to theorize racialized and gendered power dynamics in capitalist extraction. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among Congolese workers and European company managers as well as traders, farmers, smugglers, and barkeepers, Hendriks shows how logging is deeply tied to feelings of existential vulnerability in the face of larger forces, structures, and histories. These feelings, Hendriks contends, reveal a precarious side of power in an environment where companies, workers, and local residents frequently find themselves out of control. An ethnography of complicity, ecstasis, and paranoia, Rainforest Capitalism queers assumptions of corporate strength and opens up new ways to understand the complexities and contradictions of capitalist extraction.

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Gerrard, James. Economy and Power in Late Roman Britain. Herausgegeben von Martin Millett, Louise Revell und Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.048.

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This chapter reviews the relationship between power and economics in fourth-century Britain. It argues that the Roman past has often been intuitively understood as rational and that its economics can be easily characterized as ‘proto-capitalist’. The Roman period was, however, both complex and irrational. Agricultural production was the powerhouse of the economy and provided the foundations of both power and status during the late Roman period. The focus on the agricultural economy allows the structures of power – tax, tribute and surplus extraction – and their transformation to be studied. During the fifth century the imperial superstructure collapsed, but the continued local control of agricultural resources provides a mechanism for how the late Roman world was transformed into early medieval societies.

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Martin, Graham R. What Drives Bird Senses? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694532.003.0008.

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Many tasks could drive the evolution of bird sensory systems. Key candidates are flight, foraging, predator detection, and reproduction. Comparative analysis of visual fields and retinal structures shows functionally significant differences in the vision of even closely related species. These are best explained by foraging being the primary driver of vision in birds, and this is traded-off against the demands of predator detection. The key task is the control of bill position and timing its arrival at a target. This is achieved by the extraction of information from the optic flow-field which expands symmetrically about the bill when it is travelling towards a target. The provision of such flow-fields is the prime function of binocular vision. Informational demands for flight control are met within constraints determined by those for precise bill control. Other sensory capacities also appear to be driven primarily by the informational demands of foraging.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Extraction de structures argumentatives"

Keshmirian, Anita, Rafael Fuchs, Yuan Cao, Stephan Hartmann und Ulrike Hahn. „From Networks to Narratives: Bayes Nets and the Problems of Argumentation“. In Robust Argumentation Machines, 237–52. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63536-6_14.

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AbstractBayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) are gaining traction in practical fields such as law and medicine. Given this growing relevance, it is imperative to make Bayesian methodologies accessible to professionals in these fields, many of whom might lack formal training in probability calculus. Argumentation offers a promising avenue to achieve this. It serves a dual purpose: (i) generating an explanation of the important reasoning steps that occur in Bayesian inference and (ii) exploring the structure of complex problems, which can help to elicit a BBN representation. Since Bayesian probabilistic inference also provides clear normative criteria for argument quality, there is a tight conceptual connection between the argumentative structure of a problem and its representation as a BBN. The primary challenge is representing the argumentative structure that renders BBN inference transparent to non-experts. Here, we examine algorithmic approaches to extract argument structures from BBNs. We critically review three algorithms - each distinguished by its unique methodology in extracting and evaluating arguments. We show why these algorithms still fall short when it comes to elucidating intricate features of BBNs, such as “explaining away” [44] or other complex interactions between variables. We conclude by diagnosing the core issue and offering a forward-looking suggestion for enhancing representation in future endeavors.

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Maasch, Matthias. „Extraction of Dispersion Parameters“. In Tunable Microwave Metamaterial Structures, 49–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28179-7_4.

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Taghva, Kazem, Russell Beckley und Jeffrey Coombs. „Name Extraction and Formal Concept Analysis“. In Conceptual Structures for Discovering Knowledge, 339–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22688-5_28.

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Hess, Jeff, und Walling R. Cyre. „A CG-Based Behavior Extraction System“. In Conceptual Structures: Standards and Practices, 127–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48659-3_7.

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Negoita, Mircea Gh, Daniel Neagu und Vasile Palade. „Fuzzy Rules Extraction from Connectionist Structures“. In Computational Intelligence, 41–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32369-3_4.

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Liu, Liyuan. „Heterogeneous Supervision for Relation Extraction“. In Mining Structures of Factual Knowledge from Text, 119–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01912-8_9.

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Dahmen, Wolfgang, Chunyan Huang, Gitta Kutyniok, Wang-Q. Lim, Christoph Schwab und Gerrit Welper. „Efficient Resolution of Anisotropic Structures“. In Extraction of Quantifiable Information from Complex Systems, 25–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08159-5_2.

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Mendrok, Krzysztof, und Tadeusz Uhl. „Comparison of Different Methods of Ritz Vectors Extraction“. In Damage Assessment of Structures VI, 143–50. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-976-8.143.

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Penas, Marta, María J. Carreira und Manuel G. Penedo. „Autoorganised Structures for Extraction of Perceptual Primitives“. In Bio-Inspired Applications of Connectionism, 628–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45723-2_76.

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Manana, Siradze, Berdzenishvili Irine, Chkhaidze Ekaterina und Antia Giorgi. „Study of the Process of Countercurrent Extraction of Vegetable Oils via Mathematical Modeling“. In Advanced Polymer Structures, 341–46. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352181-28.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Extraction de structures argumentatives"

Liu, Chenxi, Xiaoping Li, Quan Deng, Qiang-Ming Cai, Xin Cao, Longjian Zhou, Yuyu Zhu und Jun Fan. „Accurate RLC Extraction for Stripline Structures Using 2D-FEM“. In 2024 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers62282.2024.10618641.

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Gonuguntla, Harichandana, Kurra Meghana, Thode Sai Prajwal, Koundinya NVSS, Kolli Nethre Sai und Chirag Jain. „Evaluating Modern Information Extraction Techniques for Complex Document Structures“. In 2024 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecet61485.2024.10698618.

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Hao, Wen. „Extraction of Complex Sentence Relationships Based on Formalized Chinese Clause Structures“. In 2024 7th International Conference on Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing (MLNLP), 1–8. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mlnlp63328.2024.10800396.

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Kononenko, I. S., E. A. Sidorova und I. R. Akhmadeeva. „COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL AND ARGUMENTATIVE STRUCTURES IN THE STUDY OF POPULAR SCIENCE DISCOURSE“. In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-432-444.

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The proposed work is performed as a part of an on-going research project aimed at creation of discourse annotated corpus of popular science texts written in Russian. Annotation is carried out within the framework of a multi-level model of discourse, which considers the text from the perspective of genre, rhetorical and argumentative organization. We conduct a comparative study of the rhetorical and argument annotations, discuss their similarities and differences on the segment and structural levels and show them on the examples of standard schemes of reasoning described in D. Walton’s theory of structured argumentation: “Argument from Expert Opinion”, “Argument from Example”, and “Argument from Cause to Effect”. Special attention is paid to discourse markers registered during annotation as key indicators of discourse structure. We report the results of the experiment with argument indicator patterns, based on the list of rhetorical markers, and aimed at the extraction of “from Expert Opinion” arguments.

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Nau, Jonathan, Aluizio Haendchen Filho und Rudimar Luís Scaranto Dazzi. „Uma Abordagem para Mineração de Argumentos em Redações do Português Brasileiro“. In Computer on the Beach. Itajaí: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v11n1.p087-088.

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Argument mining consists of extracting the argumentative structure of a text. The challenge in finding the argumentative structure lies in: identifying the components of the argument and the relationships that occur between them. Approaches that propose to solve both challenges of argument mining together are known as end-to-end methods. In the literature, some papers were found that perform argument mining in essays, but no papers were found for Brazilian Portuguese. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an end-to-end approach for argument mining of Brazilian Portuguese essays in the ENEM model.

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So, Franky. „OLED light extraction using corrugated structures“. In Solid-State Lighting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ssl.2017.sw2c.1.

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Vulfin, V., und R. Shavit. „Constitutive parameters extraction in cylindrical structures“. In 2013 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi.2013.6715445.

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Stuermer, Karsten, Joern Kummerow und Serge A. Shapiro. „Multiplet based extraction of geological structures“. In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2012-1048.1.

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„Session 2: Parameter Extraction“. In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmts.2006.1614267.

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Jeppson, Kjell. „Session 4: Parameter extraction“. In 2016 International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmts.2016.7476176.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Extraction de structures argumentatives"

Neiderer, Andrew M. Feature Extraction of High-Dimensional Structures for Exploratory Analytics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585756.

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Dyck, C. W., J. H. Smith, S. L. Miller, E. M. Russick und C. L. J. Adkins. Supercritical carbon dioxide solvent extraction from surface-micromachined micromechanical structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/378809.

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Burns, K. L. Geological structures from televiewer logs of GT-2, Fenton Hill, New Mexico: Part 1, Feature extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juli 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6147867.

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Marinucci, Antonio. ACIP Pile Installation, Installation Monitoring, Full-scale Load Testing, and Extraction Program. Deep Foundations Institute, Dezember 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2016-acip-1.

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The Augered Cast-In-Place (ACIP) Pile Committee of the Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) performed a foundation installation, monitoring, performance and extraction program for ACIP piles in the fall of 2016. The purpose of the project was to demonstrate a fully monitored installation of instrumented 18 in (457 mm) and 24 in (610 mm) diameter ACIP piles, including automated monitoring equipment (AME); post-installation thermal integrity profiling (TIP) measurements; compression, tension, and lateral load testing (including monitoring of strain gages embedded along the compression pile shaft); and post-testing extraction of an installed pile for visual inspection. The program was initially planned by the ACIP Pile Committee, and a program site in Okahumpka, FL was selected. Initial funding was provided by the DFI Committee Project Fund with additional funds andin-kind pledges contributed from DFI members and industry partners. In the summer of 2016, the FloridaDepartment of Transportation (FDOT) and its research partners at the University of South Florida (USF)joined the program. Program details were finalized in the summer and fall of 2016. The purposes of this research effort were to demonstrate The fully monitored installation of instrumented ACIP piles, including the use of automated monitoring equipment (AME); The use and accuracy of thermal integrity profiling (TIP) methods with ACIP piles; The load-displacement behavior during compression, tension, and lateral load testing, including the use of and measurement by multiple strain gages embedded along the length of two piles; The integrity and as-constructed geometry of an ACIP pile by extracting an installed pile for visual inspection. To achieve the goals of the project, seven test piles were installed at a site in central Florida: two each for compression testing, tension testing, and lateral testing, and one pile for extraction and visual inspection. The intent of this document is to make the data and information obtained during the demonstration program available to the members of the DFI ACIP Pile Committee, Florida DOT, University of South Florida, and other possible research partners for review, analysis/interpretation, and discussion. The ultimate goals of this endeavor are to advance the overall state-of-the-practice for ACIP piles and to develop documentation for review and use; installation, monitoring, and testing methods; and reporting procedures to allow for both the use of ACIP piles for structural support of bridges and the inclusion of ACIP piles in DOT and other agency specifications in the state of Florida and elsewhere. All of the data presented and discussed herein can be made available in electronic format for additional analysis. Pertinent findings of the demonstration project include the following: The procedures and testing results described in the report highlight the successful installation, monitoring, and load carrying resistance provided by ACIP piles for structural support of bridges per the Florida DOT. The data can be used by the FL DOT as it develops a section for ACIP Piles for Bridges and Major Structures in its Standard Specifications; Grout volumes, as measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter and via manual counting of grout strokes, were in good agreement with each other; The overall grout volume of the extracted pile, when adjusted for the volume of grout observed flowing out of the top of the pile, was in good agreement with the volume calculated by manually measuring the circumference of the extracted pile at 1 ft (305 mm) intervals; Additional research into non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for ACIP piles, in particular Thermal Integrity Profiling, should produce a means to provide additional verification of pile integrity.

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Blundell, S. Tutorial : the DEM Breakline and Differencing Analysis Tool—step-by-step workflows and procedures for effective gridded DEM analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46085.

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The DEM Breakline and Differencing Analysis Tool is the result of a multi-year research effort in the analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) and the extraction of features associated with breaklines identified on the DEM by numerical analysis. Developed in the ENVI/IDL image processing application, the tool is designed to serve as an aid to research in the investigation of DEMs by taking advantage of local variation in the height. A set of specific workflow exercises is described as applied to a diverse set of four sample DEMs. These workflows instruct the user in applying the tool to extract and analyze features associated with terrain, vegetative canopy, and built structures. Optimal processing parameter choices, subject to user modification, are provided along with sufficient explanation to train the user in elevation model analysis through the creation of customized output overlays.

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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban und E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.

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Yan, Yujie, und Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.

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