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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Extensión Creel"

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García Ramírez, Amelia. „El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las y los estudiantes rarámuri de la Licenciatura en Antropología Social de la EAHNM-Extensión Creel“. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos 51, Nr. 3 (03.09.2021): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.48102/rlee.2021.51.3.403.

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El artículo tiene como finalidad analizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las y los estudiantes rarámuri de la licenciatura en antropología social, a partir de un enfoque cualitativo con una metodología etnográfica basada en la observación y la entrevista semiestructurada. Se retoma la experiencia de la Escuela de Antropología e Historia del Norte de México (EAHNM) en su Plantel Creel, ubicado en la Sierra Tarahumara, al suroeste del estado de Chihuahua. Se concluye con una propuesta para trabajar con la diversidad cultural en la educación superior, haciendo referencia al modelo educativo interactivo y al aprendizaje cooperativo como estrategia didáctica.
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Oliver, MJ, und LT Twomey. „Extension creep in the lumbar spine“. Clinical Biomechanics 10, Nr. 7 (Oktober 1995): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0268-0033(95)00001-2.

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Anderson, Neil L., und Ralph Knapp. „An overview of some of the large scale mechanisms of salt dissolution in western Canada“. GEOPHYSICS 58, Nr. 9 (September 1993): 1375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443520.

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Well log and seismic data indicate that the bedded rock salts (salts) of the Devonian Age Prairie Formation were widely distributed and uniformly deposited in the Lloydminster area, Western Canada (T45-65, R20W3M-R5W4M); however, as a result of extensive leaching, the distribution of these salts is not now what it once was. The Lloydminster area is now bisected by the north‐south trending main dissolutional edge of the Prairie salt. Thick salt (up to 150 m) is preserved to the west of this edge; to the east the salt is mostly absent. Analyses of remnant salt and patterns of subsurface structural relief suggests that the dissolution of the Prairie salt in the Lloydminster area was triggered and/or accentuated in part by several different large scale mechanisms including: near‐surface exposure, centripetal flow of unsaturated waters, regional faulting/fracturing, glacial loading and/or unloading, dissolution of the underlying salt, and salt creep. These mechanisms are supported by the incorporated seismic and well log control that indicate a direct relationship between the thicknesses of remnant salt and post‐salt strata. Well log and seismic data also indicate that the bedded salts of the Devonian Age Black Creek Member were uniformly deposited within the Black Creek sub‐basin, Rainbow Lake area, western Canada (T105-112, R5-R10W6M); however, as a result of extensive leaching, distribution of these salts is not now what it once was. The Black Creek salts are now preserved only as discontinuous remnants with maximum gross thicknesses on the order of 80 m. Seismic and well log control suggests that the dissolution of the Black Creek salt in the Rainbow Lake study area was triggered and/or accentuated in part by several different large scale mechanisms including: centrifugal flow of unsaturated waters, regional faulting/fracturing and salt creep. Bedded salt is preserved within five other Devonian Age evaporitic units in Alberta, Canada: the Lotsberg Formation, Cold Lake Formation, Beaverhill Lake Group, Leduc Formation, and Wabamun Group. Each of these salts has also been extensively leached in places. In the literature, dissolution is generally attributed to one or more of the previously noted large scale mechanisms. Herein we present an overview of the envisioned principal mechanisms of salt dissolution. In support of these hypothesized mechanisms, we present seismic and geologic control from both the Lloydminster and Rainbow Lake areas of western Canada, which illustrate that the dissolution of subsurface salts is accompanied by the subsidence of post‐salt strata and that the analyses of this information can be used to elucidate the timing and large scale mechanisms of salt dissolution.
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Pekařová, Lenla, und Zdeněk Kuboň. „Material Degradation of Steam Pipe Elbow after Long-Term Exposure“. Key Engineering Materials 647 (Mai 2015): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.647.162.

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Routine non-destructive examination of the steam pipe elbow after more than 240 000 hours of operation at elevated temperature revealed the extensive creep damage on the outer surface of the pipe elbow. Complex metallographic analysis made in this area confirmed creep damage as well as the non-uniform nature of the cavitation. The density of cavities continuously decreased from the outer pipe surface towards the inner surface, but also its density rapidly waned beyond the damaged area in both directions, along the circumference as well as the length of the elbow. The actual extent of the material degradation was then evaluated by testing of mechanical properties, Charpy-V and fracture toughness testing and the results were used in calculation of the residual life of the pipe elbow. It was shown that although the creep damage was perhaps one of the worst detected in Czech Republic, the cracks in the pipe elbow would spread by the stable growth until the half of the pipe wall thickness. This result thus confirms the possibility of creep life extension far beyond the limit criteria used so far.
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Lian, Ye Da, Li Qiang Gao, Qian Yin, Zhuang Zhuang Xu und Zhi Xun Wen. „Low-Cycle Fatigue-Creep Interaction Behavior of GH4169 Supperalloy“. Materials Science Forum 1018 (Januar 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1018.43.

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Effects of different loading and uninstalling and safe loading time on the low-cycle fatigue-creep interaction behavior of GH4169 superalloy at 650°C/850MPa have been investigated. The study found that under the safe loading time, with the longer the loading and unistalling time, the fatigue-creep property and life of this alloy were gradually improved. However, under the same loading and uninstalling time, with the extension of the loading time, property of the fatigue-Creep of the alloy was gradually reduced, and its life was gradually shortened. In addition, The fracture failure behavior of the alloy under different conditions was studied in detail. Interestingly, With the extension of the holding time, the fracture failure of the alloy was changed from fatigue damage to creep damage, which makes its fracture mode transition the transgranular fracture into intergranular fracture extension.
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Ling, Xiang, Shan-Tung Tu und Jian-Ming Gong. „Damage Mechanics Considerations for Life Extension of High-Temperature Components“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, Nr. 2 (15.12.1999): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556167.

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Continuum damage theory has proven to be an effective tool in creep damage simulation. In order to establish some mechanical principles for life extension of components at elevated temperature, a numerical scheme based on the localized creep damage theory is introduced. To illustrate the strength potential of structures for life extension, the method is first applied to a simple case of two-bar structure. Typical components of geometrical discontinuity, material discontinuity, and temperature inhomogenity are then analyzed. In terms of the damage distribution or life exhaustion of the components, some principles for life extension are proposed. [S0094-9930(00)00202-X]
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Wang, Zhixia, Xufeng Liang, Xue Guangwu, Tao Meng und Jigang Zhang. „Creep Fracture Characteristics and the Constitutive Model of Salt Rock under a Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Environment“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (24.08.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4926917.

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The fracture extension characteristics of salt rocks under creep play an important role in the long-term safety and stability assessment of underground compressed air storage reservoirs. To study the fracture evolution characteristics of salt rock with time, the present study modified the Charles creep fracture intrinsic model and calibrated the A and n of the fracture extension coefficient parameters by creep fracture experiments with a constant stress rate loading method for salt rock under different temperature conditions. Finally, the modified Charles model was embedded into PFC (particle flow code) to simulate the fracture of salt rock numerically and the results were verified theoretically. The results show that (1) the fracture extension rate is related to the parameters A and n in addition to the stress intensity factor; (2) both n and A gradually decrease with the increase of temperature, and an decrease of n and A represents the decrease of fracture creep extension rate; and (3) the longer the initial fracture length of the specimen, the smaller the fracture time. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for evaluating the confinement of underground compressed air storage reservoirs.
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MacKay, Kathryn L. „The Uncompahgre Reservation and the Hill Creek Extension“. Utah Historical Quarterly 83, Nr. 3 (01.07.2015): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.83.3.0180.

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Hellen, T. K. „THE VIRTUAL CRACK EXTENSION METHOD FOR CREEP FRACTURE“. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 14, Nr. 6 (Juni 1991): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00692.x.

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Baltussen, J. J. M., und M. G. Northolt. „The viscoelastic extension of polymer fibres: creep behaviour“. Polymer 42, Nr. 8 (April 2001): 3835–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00604-2.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Extensión Creel"

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Altstadt, Eberhard, und Thomas Mössner. „Extension of the ANSYS® creep and damage simulation capabilities“. Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-29940.

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The user programmable features (UPF) of the finite element code ANSYS® are used to generate a customized ANSYS-executable including a more general creep behaviour of materials and a damage module. The numerical approach for the creep behaviour is not restricted to a single creep law (e.g. strain hardening model) with parameters evaluated from a limited stress and temperature range. Instead of this strain rate - strain relations can be read from external creep data files for different temperature and stress levels. The damage module accumulates a damage measure based on the creep strain increment and plastic strain increment of the load step and the current fracture strains for creep and plasticity (depending on temperature and stress level). If the damage measure of an element exceeds a critical value this element is deactivated. Examples are given for illustration and verification of the new program modules.
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Altstadt, Eberhard, und Thomas Mössner. „Extension of the ANSYS® creep and damage simulation capabilities“. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2000. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21821.

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The user programmable features (UPF) of the finite element code ANSYS® are used to generate a customized ANSYS-executable including a more general creep behaviour of materials and a damage module. The numerical approach for the creep behaviour is not restricted to a single creep law (e.g. strain hardening model) with parameters evaluated from a limited stress and temperature range. Instead of this strain rate - strain relations can be read from external creep data files for different temperature and stress levels. The damage module accumulates a damage measure based on the creep strain increment and plastic strain increment of the load step and the current fracture strains for creep and plasticity (depending on temperature and stress level). If the damage measure of an element exceeds a critical value this element is deactivated. Examples are given for illustration and verification of the new program modules.
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Brindley, Kyle A. „Thermomechanical fatigue of Mar-M247: extension of a unified constitutive and life model to higher temperatures“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51852.

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The goal of this work is to establish a life prediction methodology for thermomechanical loading of the Ni-base superalloy Mar-M247 over a larger temperature range than previous work. The work presented in this thesis extends the predictive capability of the Sehitoglu-Boismier unified thermo-viscoplasticity constitutive model and thermomechanical life model from a maximum temperature of 871C to a maximum temperature of 1038C. The constitutive model, which is suitable for predicting stress-strain history under thermomechanical loading, is adapted and calibrated using the response from isothermal cyclic experiments conducted at temperatures from 500C to 1038C at different strain rates with and without dwells. In the constitutive model, the flow rule function and parameters as well as the temperature dependence of the evolution equation for kinematic hardening are established. In the elevated temperature regime, creep and stress relaxation are critical behaviors captured by the constitutive model. The life model accounts for fatigue, creep, and environmental-fatigue damage under both isothermal and thermomechanical fatigue. At elevated temperatures, the damage terms must be calibrated to account for thermally activated damage mechanisms which change with increasing temperature. At lower temperatures and higher strain rates, fatigue damage dominates life prediction, while at higher temperatures and slower strain rates, environmental-fatigue and creep damage dominate life prediction. Under thermomechanical loading, both environmental-fatigue and creep damage depend strongly on the relative phasing of the thermal and mechanical strain rates, with environmental-fatigue damage dominating during out-of-phase thermomechanical loading and creep damage dominating in-phase thermomechanical loading. The coarse-grained polycrystalline microstructure of the alloy studied causes a significant variation in the elastic response, which can be linked to the crystallographic orientation of the large grains. This variation in the elastic response presents difficulties for both the constitutive and life models, which depend upon the assumption of an isotropic material. The extreme effects of a large grained microstructure on the life predictions is demonstrated, and a suitable modeling framework is proposed to account for these effects in future work.
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Sciumè, Giuseppe. „Thermo-hygro-chemo-mechanical model of concrete at early ages and its extension to tumor growth numerical analysis“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426302.

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The aim of the PhD thesis is the development of two multiphase models from a common theoretical basis, applied to two very different research fields: i) the study of the behavior of concrete at early ages, essentially for the prevention of cracking and related issues; ii) the analysis of the physical, chemical and biological processes that govern the growth of cancer. The modeling of concrete at early ages is very important and useful for the design of durable and sustainable structures. The model developed during the PhD thesis has been implemented on the finite element code Cast3M and then validated via the simulation of experimental cases. Nowadays this model allows for several applications: study of stresses and cracking in young concrete, analysis of thermal and hygral gradients, predictions of autogenous and drying shrinkage, creep strain, stress redistribution, study of the inhibition of hydration caused by drying, study of repairs, etc.. In the fight against cancer, the advance of medical strategies based on numerical analysis has a crucial scientific interest and can have a great social impact. The equations which govern the thermo-hygro-chemo-mechanical behavior of concrete at early ages have many formal analogies with those typically used to model tumor growth. Hence, these equations have been readapted and a novel mathematical model for tumor growth has been developed. This model has been implemented in Cast3M and the first numerical results are encouraging since qualitatively close to the experimental data present in the scientific bibliography.
L’obiettivo del Dottorato è stato lo sviluppo di due modelli multifase basati su fondamenti teorici comuni ma applicati a due campi della ricerca scientifica molto diversi: i) lo studio del comportamento termo-igro-chemo-meccanico del calcestruzzo giovane; ii) l’analisi dei fenomeni fisici, chimici e biologici che regolano la crescita e lo sviluppo dei tumori. La modellazione numerica del comportamento del calcestruzzo giovane è di grande importanza per la progettazione di strutture sostenibili e durevoli. Il modello sviluppato durante il Dottorato è stato implementato nel codice agli elementi finiti Cast3M e in seguito validato con la simulazione di casi sperimentali. Il modello numerico consente un’ampia gamma di applicazioni: studio delle sollecitazioni e dei fenomeni di fessurazione nel calcestruzzo durante i primi giorni dopo la posa in opera, analisi dei gradienti termici e igrometrici, valutazione del ritiro autogeno e di essiccazione, studio dell’inibizione dell’idratazione causata dall’essiccazione, ridistribuzione delle tensioni dovuta al ritiro e alle deformazioni differite, modellazione delle riparazioni. Le equazioni che governano il comportamento termo-igro-chemo-meccanico del calcestruzzo hanno molte analogie formali con quelle che sono tipicamente alla base della modellazione della crescita dei tumori. L'allargamento dell'analisi numerica al campo medico è di grande interesse sociale oltre che scientifico, pertanto le equazioni utilizzate per il calcestruzzo sono state riadattate per la modellazione della crescita tumorale, e il modello matematico ottenuto è stato anch’esso introdotto in Cast3M. I primi risultati di questo modello sono stati soddisfacenti perché qualitativamente molto simili ai dati sperimentali della letteratura scientifica.
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Rajaonarison, Tahiry Andriantsoa. „A Geodynamic Investigation of Continental Rifting and Mantle Rheology: Madagascar and East African Rift case studies“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102410.

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Continental rifting is an important geodynamic process during which the Earth's outer-most rigid shell undergoes continuous stretching resulting in continental break-up and theformation of new oceanic basins. The East African Rift System, which has two continentalsegments comprising largely of the East African Rift (EAR) to the West and the easternmostsegment Madagascar, is the largest narrow rift on Earth. However, the driving mechanismsof continental rifting remain poorly understood due to a lack of numerical infrastructure tosimulate rifting, the lack of knowledge of the underlying mantle dynamics, and poor knowl-edge of mantle rheology. Here, we use state-of-art computational modeling of the upper660 km of the Earth to: 1) provide a better understanding of mantle flow patterns and themantle rheology beneath Madagascar, 2) to elucidate the main driving forces of observedpresent-day∼E-W opening in the EAR, and 3) to investigate the role of multiple plumesor a superplume in driving surface deformation in the EAR. In chapter 1, we simulate EdgeDriven convection (EDC), constrained by a lithospheric thickness model beneath Madagas-car. The mantle flow associated with the EDC is used to calculate induced olivine aggregates'Lattice Preferred Orientation (LPO), known as seismic anisotropy. The predicted LPO isthen used to calculate synthetic seismic anisotropy, which were compared with observationsacross the island. Through a series of comparisons, we found that asthenospheric flow result-ing from undulations in lithospheric thickness variations is the dominant source of the seismicanisotropy, but fossilized structures from an ancient shear zone may play a role in southern Madagascar. Our results suggest that the rheological conditions needed for the formationof seismic anisotropy, dislocation creep, dominates the upper asthenosphere beneath Mada-gascar and likely other continental regions. In chapter 2, we use a 3D numerical model ofthe lithosphere-asthenosphere system to simulate instantaneous lithospheric deformation inthe EAR and surroundings. We test the hypothesis that the∼E-W extension of the EAR isdriven by large scale forces arising from topography and internal density gradients, known aslithospheric buoyancy forces. We calculate surface deformation solely driven by lithosphericbuoyancy forces and compare them with surface velocity observations. The lithosphericbuoyancy forces are implemented by imposing observed topography at the model surfaceand lateral density variations in the crust and mantle down to a compensation depth of 100km. Our results indicate that the large-scale∼E-W extension across East Africa is driven bylithospheric buoyancy forces, but not along-rift surface motions in deforming zones. In chap-ter 3, we test the hypothesis that the anomalous northward rift-parallel deformation observedin the deforming zones of the EAR is driven by viscous coupling between the lithosphereand deep upwelling mantle material, known as a superplume, flowing northward. We testtwo end-member plume models including a multiple plumes model simulated using high res-olution shear wave tomography-derived thermal anomaly and a superplume model (Africansuperplume) simulated by imposing a northward mantle-wind on the multiple plumes model.Our results suggest that the horizontal tractions from northward mantle flow associated withthe African Superplume is needed to explain observations of rift-parallel surface motions indeforming zones from GNSS/GPS data and northward oriented seismic anisotropy beneaththe EAR. Overall, this work yields a better understanding of the geodynamics of Africa.
Doctor of Philosophy
Continental rifting is an important geodynamic process during which the Earth's outer-most rigid shell undergoes continuous stretching resulting in continental break-up and theformation of new oceanic basins. The East African Rift System, which has two continentalsegments comprising largely of the East African Rift (EAR) to the West and the easternmostsegment Madagascar, is the largest narrow rift on Earth. However, the driving mechanismsof continental rifting remain poorly understood due to a lack of numerical infrastructure tosimulate rifting, the lack of knowledge of the underlying mantle dynamics, and poor knowl-edge of mantle rheology. Here, we use state-of-art computational modeling of the upper660 km of the Earth to: 1) provide a better understanding of mantle flow patterns and themantle rheology beneath Madagascar, 2) to elucidate the main driving forces of observedpresent-day∼E-W opening in the EAR, and 3) to investigate the role of multiple plumesor a superplume in driving surface deformation in the EAR. In chapter 1, we simulate EdgeDriven convection (EDC), constrained by a lithospheric thickness model beneath Madagas-car. The mantle flow associated with the EDC is used to calculate induced olivine aggregates'Lattice Preferred Orientation (LPO), known as seismic anisotropy. The predicted LPO isthen used to calculate synthetic seismic anisotropy, which were compared with observationsacross the island. Through a series of comparisons, we found that asthenospheric flow result-ing from undulations in lithospheric thickness variations is the dominant source of the seismicanisotropy, but fossilized structures from an ancient shear zone may play a role in southern Madagascar. Our results suggest that the rheological conditions needed for the formationof seismic anisotropy, dislocation creep, dominates the upper asthenosphere beneath Mada-gascar and likely other continental regions. In chapter 2, we use a 3D numerical model ofthe lithosphere-asthenosphere system to simulate instantaneous lithospheric deformation inthe EAR and surroundings. We test the hypothesis that the∼E-W extension of the EAR isdriven by large scale forces arising from topography and internal density gradients, known aslithospheric buoyancy forces. We calculate surface deformation solely driven by lithosphericbuoyancy forces and compare them with surface velocity observations. The lithosphericbuoyancy forces are implemented by imposing observed topography at the model surfaceand lateral density variations in the crust and mantle down to a compensation depth of 100km. Our results indicate that the large-scale∼E-W extension across East Africa is driven bylithospheric buoyancy forces, but not along-rift surface motions in deforming zones. In chap-ter 3, we test the hypothesis that the anomalous northward rift-parallel deformation observedin the deforming zones of the EAR is driven by viscous coupling between the lithosphereand deep upwelling mantle material, known as a superplume, flowing northward. We testtwo end-member plume models including a multiple plumes model simulated using high res-olution shear wave tomography-derived thermal anomaly and a superplume model (Africansuperplume) simulated by imposing a northward mantle-wind on the multiple plumes model.Our results suggest that the horizontal tractions from northward mantle flow associated withthe African Superplume is needed to explain observations of rift-parallel surface motions indeforming zones from GNSS/GPS data and northward oriented seismic anisotropy beneaththe EAR. Overall, this work yields a better understanding of the geodynamics of Africa.
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Zhang, Wang. „Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement mécanique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien : effets du chemin de chargement et de la température“. Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2021/2021LILUN037.pdf.

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Les argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien (COx) sont étudiées depuis plusieurs décennies en France dans le contexte du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs. Un grand nombre d'essais en laboratoire et d'expériences in-situ ont été réalisés pour la caractérisation du comportement thermo-hydromécanique à court et long terme ainsi que des propriétés de diffusion de gaz de cette roche argileuse. Cependant, certains aspects nécessitent encore des études complémentaires, entre autres, les effets du chemin de chargement et de la température sur les réponses mécaniques à court et long terme. Cette thèse apporte une nouvelle contribution aux travaux précédents sur ces aspects encore ouverts. Elle est composée de trois parties.Dans la première partie, l'influence du chemin de chargement sur le comportement mécanique à court terme des argilites du COx est considérée. Sur la base de l'analyse théorique du chemin de la contrainte autour d’une cavité souterraine, deux chemins de chargement particuliers avec deux valeurs différentes de l'angle de Lode sont sélectionnés, à savoir la décompression latérale et l'extension axiale avec une contrainte moyenne constante. Une série d’essais avec différentes valeurs de la contrainte moyenne est réalisée. Des cycles de déchargement-rechargement sont inclus dans les essais. Les résultats obtenus sont analysés et l'accent est mis sur les influences du chemin de chargement (angle de Lode) sur la résistance à la rupture et le processus d'endommagement induit.La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude de l'effet thermique sur le comportement mécanique à court terme des argilites du COx. Dans ce but, une série d'essais en laboratoire, avec les deux chemins de chargement (extension axiale et décompression latérale) et différentes valeurs de la température, sont réalisés. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, les effets de la température sur les propriétés élastiques et la résistance à la rupture sont discutés et mis en évidence pour les deux chemins de chargement.Dans la troisième partie, nous nous intéressons à l'effet du chemin de chargement et de la température sur le comportement mécanique à long terme des argilites COx. Une série d’essais de fluage est alors réalisée avec les deux chemins de chargement et différentes valeurs de la température. Les résultats obtenus sont analysés et discutés en mettant l'accent sur les influences du chemin de chargement et de la température sur la cinétique de déformation de fluage
Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone has been investigated for several decades in France in the context of geological disposal of radioactive waste. A large number of laboratory tests and in-situ experiments have been conducted for the characterization of short and long thermo-hydromechanical behavior as well as gas flow diffusion property of this clayey rock. However, some aspects still need further investigation, among others, effects of loading paths and temperature on short and long-term mechanical responses. This thesis brings a new contribution to previous works on these open aspects. It is composed of three parts.In the first part, the influence of the loading path on the short-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone is considered. Based on theoretical analysis of stress path around the underground cavity, two particular loading paths with two different values of Lode angle are selected, namely lateral decompression and axial extension under constant mean stress. A series of tests with different values of mean stress are performed. Unloading-reloading cycles are involved in the tests. The obtained results are then analyzed and the emphasis is put on the influences of loading path (Lode angle) on the failure strength and induced damage process.The second part is devoted to studying the thermal effect on the short-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone. For this purpose, a series of laboratory tests, with both loading paths (axial extension and lateral decompression) and different values of temperature are performed. Based on the obtained results, the effects of temperature on the elastic property and failure strength are discussed for the two loading paths.In the third part, we are interested in investigating the effect of loading paths and temperature on the long-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone. A series of creep tests are then performed under two loading paths and with different values of temperature. The obtained test results are analyzed and discussed by putting the emphasis on the influences of loading path and temperature on creep deformation kinetics
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Vives, Leslie Blake. „Harvesting the Seeds of Early American Human and Nonhuman Animal Relationships in William Bartram's Travels, The Travel Diary of Elizabeth House Trist, and Sarah Trimmer's Fabulous Histories“. Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5555.

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This thesis uses ecofeminist and human-animal studies lenses to explore human animal and nonhuman animal relations in early America. Most ecocritical studies of American literature begin with nineteenth-century writers. This project, however, suggests that drawing on ecofeminist theories with a human-animal studies approach sheds light on eighteenth-century texts as well. Early American naturalist travel writing offers a site replete with human and nonhuman encounters. Specifically, naturalist William Bartram's travel journal features interactions with animals in the southern colonial American frontier. Amateur naturalist Elizabeth House Trist's travel diary includes interactions with frontier and domestic animals. Sarah Trimmer's Fabulous Histories, a conduct manual that taught children acceptable behavior towards animals, provides insight about the social regulation of human and nonhuman relationships during the late eighteenth century, when Bartram and Trist wrote their texts. This thesis identifies and analyzes textual sites that blur the human subject/and animal object distinction and raise questions about the representation of animals as objects. This project focuses on the subtle discursive subversions of early Euroamerican naturalist science present in Bartram's Travels (1791) and the blurring of human/animal boundaries in Trist's Travel Diary (1783-84); Trimmer's Fabulous Histories (1794) further complicates the Euroamerican discourse of animals as curiosities. These texts form part of a larger but overlooked discourse in early British America that anticipated more well-known and nonhuman-centric texts in the burgeoning early nineteenth-century American animal rights movement. ?
ID: 031001304; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Lisa M. Logan.; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 15, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-82).
M.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Humanities
English; Literary, Cultural, and Textual Studies
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Lin, Shun-Kuen, und 林巡肯. „Replan the Flows on the Construction of Dike-A Case Study of Dike Extension Project along the Wu Creek“. Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63951294442324428311.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
90
ABSTRACT Compressing duration without increasing construction cost/resources is an important objective for contractors finishing a project. This research presents a new construction process to compressing duration without changing resources and increasing cost for construction a dike. In Taiwan, the size of dike construction projects is usually small in terms of cost. Thus, most of the dike construction contractors do not pay attention to try to improve the efficiency of construction operations. The typical repetitive operations of constriction dikes in Taiwan are analyzed, and then a new approach that reallocating the resources and adjusting the construction processes is proposed in this research. A real project, dike construction of Wu creek located in Nanto Country, is tested to adopt the proposed new construction processes without changing the total quantity of assigning resources and increasing original construction budget. The verified result indicates that project duration can be cut down significantly.
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Bücher zum Thema "Extensión Creel"

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Victor, Elias, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center und Earth Engineering & Sciences, Inc., Hrsg. Development of protocols for confined extension/creep testing of geosynthetics for highway applications. McLean, VA: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research and Development, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 1998.

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de Wildt, Lars. The Pop Theology of Videogames. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729864.

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Young people in the West are more likely to encounter religion in videogames than in places of worship like churches, mosques or temples. Lars de Wildt interviews developers and players of games such as Assassin’s Creed to find out how and why the Pop Theology of Videogames is so appealing to modern audiences. Based on extensive fieldwork, this book argues that developers of videogames and their players engage in a ‘Pop Theology’ through which laymen reconsider traditional questions of religion by playing with them. Games allow us to play with religious questions and identities in the same way that children play at being a soldier, or choose to ‘play house.’ This requires a radical rethinking of religious questions as no longer just questions of belief or disbelief; but as truths to be tried on, compared, and discarded at will.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Environment and Solid Waste Committee. Committee meeting of Assembly Environment and Solid Waste Committee: Testimony related to the potential license extension for the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station : Lacey Township Middle School, Forked River, New Jersey, February 10, 2005, 7:00 p.m. Trenton, NJ: Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2005.

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Colloff, Matthew. Flooded Forest and Desert Creek. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643109209.

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The river red gum has the most widespread natural distribution of Eucalyptus in Australia, forming extensive forests and woodlands in south-eastern Australia and providing the structural and functional elements of important floodplain and wetland ecosystems. Along ephemeral creeks in the arid Centre it exists as narrow corridors, providing vital refugia for biodiversity. The tree has played a central role in the tension between economy, society and environment and has been the subject of enquiries over its conservation, use and management. Despite this, we know remarkably little about the ecology and life history of the river red gum: its longevity; how deep its roots go; what proportion of its seedlings survive to adulthood; and the diversity of organisms associated with it. More recently we have begun to move from a culture of exploitation of river red gum forests and woodlands to one of conservation and sustainable use. In Flooded Forest and Desert Creek, the author traces this shift through the rise of a collective environmental consciousness, in part articulated through the depiction of river red gums and inland floodplains in art, literature and the media.
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Viswanathan, R. Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High-Temperature Components. ASM International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.9781627083409.

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Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High-Temperature Components deals with the underlying causes of high-temperature failures and their effect on component life and reliability. The first few chapters develop the theory necessary to understand and analyze high-temperature damage phenomena, including fracture, creep, and fatigue. Various forms of embrittlement and corrosion are also addressed as are creep-fatigue, thermal fatigue, and welding defects. The chapters that follow discuss the practical implications of these phenomena, explaining how to assess damage and estimate the remaining service life of boiler tubes, turbine blades, reactor vessels, nozzles, and other components. Life-assessment procedures draw on a knowledge of design, material behavior, and nondestructive inspection techniques, which are covered as well. The book makes extensive use of data plots, diagrams, and images and includes many worked-out examples and case histories. It also serves as a ready source of material property data. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-358-3, follow this link.
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Creep deformation an dfracture, design and life extension / R.S. Mishra. From Materials Science and Technology 2005 Conference. Warrendale : TMS, 2005, 2005.

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Development of protocols for confined extension/creep testing of geosynthetics for highway applications: Publication no. FHWA-RD-97-143. McLean, VA (6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean 22101-2296): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research and Development, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 1998.

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Project, Conservation Effects Assessment. Rock Creek watershed, Ohio: 2004-2007 : a CSREES Competitive Grant Watershed , one of 24 CEAP watershed projects. 2005.

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O'Brien, Sean. In Bitterness and in Tears. Praeger, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400669163.

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The seldom-recalled Creek War of 1813-1814 and its extension, the First Seminole War of 1818, had significant consequences for the growth of the United States. Beginning as a civil war between Muscogee factions, the struggle escalated into a war between the Moscogees and the United States after insurgent Red Sticks massacred over 250 whites and mixed-bloods at Fort Mims on the Alabama River on August 30, 1813—the worst frontier massacre in U.S. history. After seven months of bloody fighting, U.S. forces inflicted a devastating defeat on the Red Sticks at Horseshoe Bend on the Tallapoosa River on March 27, 1814—the most disastrous defeat ever suffered by Native Americans. The defeat of the Muscogees (Creeks), the only serious impediments to U.S. westward expansion, opened millions of acres of land to the white settlers and firmly established the Cotton Kingdom and slavery in the Deep South. For southeastern Native Americans, the war resulted in the destruction of their civilization and forced removal west of the Mississippi: The Trail of Tears. O'Brien presents both the American and Native American perspectives of this important chapter of U.S. history. He also examines the roles of the neighboring tribes and African Americans who lived in the Muscogee nation.
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Bartram, William. Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2011.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Extensión Creel"

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Sandström, Rolf. „Creep with Low Stress Exponents“. In Basic Modeling and Theory of Creep of Metallic Materials, 83–114. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49507-6_5.

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AbstractPrimary creep models predict that at low stresses a stress exponent of 1 can be obtained for dislocation creep. Also experimentally this has been observed for an austenitic stainless steel. The time dependence of the primary creep verifies that it is dislocation creep. An other example is for Al at very high temperatures (Harper-Dorn creep), where at sufficiently low stresses, the stress exponent approaches 1. For both materials higher stresses give larger stress exponents as expected for dislocation creep. Obviously, diffusion and dislocation creep can be competing processes. The validity of creep models at low stresses and high temperatures as well as at high stresses and low temperatures demonstrates their wide range of usage. Since this in reality represents an extensive extrapolation, it can be consider as a direct verification of the basic creep models. In cases for Cu and stainless steels, the predicted creep rate by diffusion creep (Coble) exceeds the observed creep rate as well as the predicted one by dislocation creep by an order of magnitude. The likely explanation is that constrained boundary creep is taken place, i.e. the grain boundary creep rate cannot be essentially faster than that of the bulk.
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Zhou, Weisheng, Naoya Tada und Junji Sakamoto. „Annihilation and Healing of Small Inner Cracks and Extension of Fatigue Life“. In Creep-Fatigue Fracture: Analysis of Internal Damage, 155–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1879-5_8.

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Koob, Michael J. „Thruway Bridge at Schoharie Creek“. In Case Studies on Failure Investigations in Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, 155–69. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs004.ch13.

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Following the collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge on April 5, 1987, an extensive inves-tigation was undertaken to determine the cause of the failure. The foundations and the bridge components recovered and laid out in their original positions, were closely examined, and soil borings were taken at the site, but it soon became clear that Pier 3 was the critical element. In addition to the site work, the investigation included a review of documents pertaining to the design, construction, inspection and maintenance of the bridge, and geological and hydrological reviews were made of historical and existing conditions. Struc-tural analyses were made of the superstructure and substructure. A brief review of many of these investigative efforts is described in this chapter. The Schoharie Creek Bridge collapsed because of the extensive undermining under Pier 3 due to scour resulting from a flow rate of about 63,000 cubic feet per second at the bridge site.
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Kyas, Marcel, und Einar Broch Johnsen. „A Real-Time Extension of Creol for Modelling Biomedical Sensors“. In Formal Methods for Components and Objects, 42–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04167-9_3.

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Altenbach, H. „On the Extension of Creep-Damage Theories for Isotropic Materials to the Case of Anisotropic Materials“. In Anisotropic Behaviour of Damaged Materials, 261–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36418-4_8.

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Padovani, Flavia. „The 1915 Reichenbach–Wyneken Correspondence: Between the Ethical Ideal and the Reality of War“. In Veröffentlichungen des Instituts Wiener Kreis, 297–316. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84887-3_16.

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AbstractThe correspondence presented in this Appedix, which comprises four letters that Hans Reichenbach and Gustav Wyneken exchanged in the spring of 1915, originated following Wyneken’s controversial public lecture Der Krieg und die Jugend, which he delivered to the Munich Free Students (Freie Studentenschaft) on 25 November 1914. In the lecture, Wyneken defended a contentious position in support of war that many interpreted as contradicting views expressed in previous writings. Wyneken’s position was based on the idea that a war, however cruel, still represented an opportunity for a positive societal transformation through the “emancipation” of youth that would necessarily result from it; this was an idea that several Freistudenten, who admired his earlier notion that the essence of youth was meaningful in and of itself, would never subscribe to. The extensive debate that arose from his provocative stance involved several Free Students. How meaningful it must have been for so many of them is clearly exemplified by the Reichenbach-Wyneken exchange, which captures the contrast between the reality of war as embraced by Wyneken and Reichenbach's own “ethical ideal”.
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Mallinson, Jonathan. „7. 1914–18: The Art of Survival“. In William Moorcroft, Potter, 137–62. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0349.07.

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This chapter follows Moorcroft through the war, and examines his different strategies for survival and development in challenging conditions. He is seen to expand his commercial outlets, both at home and abroad, taking full advantage of the newly established British Industries Fair(s); his displays attracted the attention of new high-end retailers, and, very significantly, of Queen Mary. We witness, too, his resourcefulness in securing government contracts to supply inhalers and other functional objects, enabling him to minimise (though not to avoid) the depletion of his workforce. Extensive correspondence and other contemporary documents reveal the impact of rising costs, shortage of materials, increasingly slow payment of invoices, and the loss of labour through conscription or compulsory redeployment; such pressures were exacerbated, by cruel coincidence, by the death of his (one) thrower. We explore, too, the significance of Moorcroft’s commitment to handcraft against the background of the Design and Industries Association, founded in 1915 in response to a growing concern about the need for more mechanised modes of production in a post-war world. Moorcroft explored the viability of creating by hand pottery both beautiful and useful in a modern industrial world. In the course of the war, his work was commercially successful, his sensitivity to the public mood eloquently expressed in his designs, and regularly praised in reviews. He was treading his own individual path, well prepared to confront the economic and cultural turbulence of the 1920s.
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Irmscher, Christoph. „Bartram, William: Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws“. In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_4876-1.

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Jiang, W., und D. Lu. „Time-dependent reliability analysis of CFST arches for in-plane stability considering concrete creep“. In Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life Extension, 237–42. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17063-30.

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Gooch, D. J. „Creep Design and Life Extension of Large-scale Plant“. In Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 1778–82. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00321-1.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Extensión Creel"

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Penny, R. K., und M. A. Weber. „Integrity Assessments of Components in the Creep Range“. In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-125.

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Robust methods for the predictions of deformations and lifetimes of components operating in the creep range are presented. The ingredients used for this are well-tried numerical techniques, combined with the concepts of continuum damage and so-called reference stresses. The methods described are derived in order to obtain the maximum benefit during the early stages of design where broad assessments of the influences of material choice, loadings and geometry need to be made quickly and with economical use of computers. It is also intended that the same methods will be of value during operation if estimates of damage or if exercises in life extension are required. Results of the suggested method are amenable to tabular or graphical representation and to illustrate the use of these in parametric studies, three brief case studies are included. These involve a notched rod, a perforated plate, and a pipe for which life time estimates based upon failure criteria involving different degrees of conservatism are calculated. In addition, an illustration is given of the use of the charts presented in deciding inspection intervals and lifetime extensions. Finally, a brief excursion into the possibility for using the suggested methods for the mapping of designs within given regional constraints is given.
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Sham, Ting-Leung, und Michael McMurtrey. „Technical Background for the Update and Extension of the Time-Dependent Allowable Stresses of Type 304H and 316H Stainless Steels“. In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-83840.

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Abstract Type 304H and 316H stainless steels are codified in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for Section III, Division 5, Class A construction for up to 1500°F (816°C) and 300,000 hours. The extension of design lifetimes to 500,000 hours has been undertaken by various research projects and by the ASME Section III, Division 5 Code Committees. Due to a long-standing issue related to non-classical creep behavior on the use of the time to the onset of tertiary creep as one of the time-dependent allowable stress criteria, little progress was made in the extension of the time-dependent allowable stresses for Type 304H and 316H stainless steels. A recent effort by Dabrow and Nestell (Impact of Tertiary Creep on Time Dependent Allowable Stresses for Type 304H and 316H Stainless Steels, Report 0300-0003-RPT-001, MPR Associates, Alexandria, VA, 2020) has provided a rational method for the treatment of the highly variable data for the time to onset of tertiary creep. This paper presents the background formulas for determining the time-dependent allowable stress values of Type 304H and 316H stainless steels, as assembled from relevant project work. These updates and extensions are being recommended to the ASME Section III Code committees for approval and are subject to change upon feedback from those committees.
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Kimura, Kazuhiro. „Evaluation and Extension of Allowable Stress Values for GR.91“. In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65522.

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Evaluation and extension of allowable stress values of Grade 91 steel have been investigated with the updated creep database. Creep database has been updated and 2,046 of time to rupture data, 523 of time to initiation of tertiary creep data and 388 of time to 1% total strain data have been compiled. Accuracy of evaluation and extrapolation was examined on several type data analysis procedures. Larson-Miller and Orr-Sherby-Dorn parameters were used. Lot-centering method, data-censoring by 1,000 h, and region-splitting method by half-yield were investigated. Precise and conservative evaluation was obtained by region-splitting analysis with 3rd and 2nd order polynomials for high- and low-stress regimes, respectively. According to the data analysis, Minimum Stress-to-Rupture, Sr, and Allowable Stress Intensity Values of St and Smt have been evaluated and extended to 500,000 hours.
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Wilhelmi, Ryan M., David A. Foster, Paul A. Mueller und James J. Vogl. „GROUSE CREEK BLOCK: RIFTED FRAGMENT OF THE WYOMING CRATON? EXTENSION OF MOJAVE?“ In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339739.

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Davies, C. M., G. A. Webster und K. M. Nikbin. „Predictions of Creep Crack Initiation Periods“. In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25035.

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Several procedures are available for estimating creep crack initiation (CCI) time periods prior to the onset of creep crack extension from an existing defect in high temperature components. The applicability of a procedure depends on the required material’s data availability. Various methods are described including methods based on the creep fracture mechanics term C*, the crack opening displacement concept and the sigma-d approach. These procedures are applied to, and compared for, an austenitic and ferritic steel of relevance to the electric power generation industry. It is shown that reliable and conservative predictions can be obtained with all methods.
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Sukekawa, Masayuki, Nobuhiro Isobe, Hiroshi Shibamoto, Yoshihiko Tanaka und Naoto Kasahara. „A Rational Identification of Creep Design Area Using Negligible Creep Curves“. In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93544.

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For extension of non-creep design area and simplification of design procedures, a rational identification method of creep design area by negligible creep (NC) curves was studied. NC curves of six kinds of austenite stainless and ferrite steels for fast reactors were determined based on domestic material data. NC curves provide the relation between temperature and time that does not induce damageable creep strain under the constant stress 1.5Sm (Sm: design stress intensity). In existing Japanese design guides, non-creep design area is severely restricted by constant upper temperature limit for austenite stainless steel and ferrite steel. In the case of 316FR steel and SUS410J3, which are candidate materials of Japanese commercialized fast reactors and have excellent material property, this limit can be extended by NC curve concept considering the duration of high temperature operation. NC curves under secondary stress considering stress relaxation were also studied. However, rationalization effect was insufficient whereas evaluation process was too complex. Therefore, at the present stage, NC curves at constant stress level 1.5Sm were adopted to identify creep design area. The concept of NC curve was introduced into the interim structural design guide for commercialized fast reactors in Japan to simplify the creep design of fast reactor systems. Utilizing these curves, non-creep design becomes possible for components operated at comparatively lower temperature in normal condition.
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Sakai, Shinsuke, Yu Watanabe, Satoshi Izumi, Atsushi Iwasaki und Takeshi Ogawa. „Determination of Creep Constitutive Law of Solder Materials Using Indentation Creep Test“. In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71645.

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Authors reported in the previous paper [1] that indentation creep test is effective to evaluate the creep power law from small specimen. We derived the formulation and applied the proposed method to turbine rotor materials. Eventually, it was shown that the method is applicable for the evaluation of creep constitutive law especially under high stress region. Under the low stress region, however, the applicability of the method was not confirmed since it requires much time for the confirmation. As most necessary property for creep deformation is that for low stress region, the extension of the proposed method for the low stress region is considered extremely important. For this purpose, it is not appropriate to use steel materials for the confirmation because it consumes too much time to conduct creep indentation test under low stress. For solder materials, however, it is rather easier to conduct the creep indentation test under low stress because the creep phenomena occur even at room temperature. In this paper, we report the results of creep indentation test for solder materials and examine the applicability of the proposed method. Besides finite element analysis is performed to evaluate stress conversion factor which enables us to evaluate Norton’s law only from creep indentation tests.
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Dowson, Phillip, und David Dowson. „Remaining Life Assessment Technology Applied to Steam Turbines and Hot Gas Expanders“. In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45324.

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In today’s market place, a large percentage of oil refinery, petrochemical, and power generation plants throughout the world have been trying to reduce their operation cost by extending the service life of their critical machines, such as steam turbines, beyond the design life criteria. The key ingredient in plant life extension is Remaining Life Assessment Technology. This paper will outline the Remaining Life Assessment procedures, and review the various damage mechanisms such as creep, fatigue, creep-fatigue and various embrittlement mechanisms that can occur in these machines. Also highlighted will be the various testing methods for determining remaining life or life extension of components such as high precision STR (Stress Relaxation Test), which determines creep strength, and CDR (Constant Displacement Rate) Test, which evaluates fracture resistance. Other tests such as replication/microstructure analysis and toughness tests will also be reviewed for calculating the remaining life or life extension of the components. Use of the latest computer software will also be highlighted showing how creep-life, fatigue-life and creep/fatigue-life calculations can be performed. Also shown will be an actual life extension example of a hot gas expander performed in the field.
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Becht, Charles, und Charles Becht. „Extension of Fatigue Exemption Rules in Section VIII, Div 2 Slightly Into the Creep Regime“. In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77002.

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A number of alloys have applications slightly into the creep range that are in cyclic service, such as process reactors. The 2007 edition of Section VIII, Div 2 [1] provides allowable stresses for these materials, which may be controlled by creep properties. However, the fatigue design rules and fatigue exemption rules are not applicable, precluding construction of vessels using these materials at temperatures above 370°C (700°F). This paper provides a simplified approach for exemption of low chrome alloys that are slightly into the creep range from fatigue analysis.
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Erenburg, B. „Life Extension of Main Steam Line“. In AM-EPRI 2004, herausgegeben von R. Viswanathan, D. Gandy und K. Coleman. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2004p0703.

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Abstract Numerous factors, including actual chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, dimensions, and service conditions, determine the lifetime of creep-exposed components. This creates a wide gap between the real condition of a given steel pipe and its project specification. For a 141MW unit main steam line, the remaining life calculated according to the German Boiler Code TRD 508 was found to be almost exhausted. It was recommended to remove a pipe sample with a circumference weld for laboratory examination. Stress rupture tests were performed on three types of specimens: tangential, longitudinal, and longitudinal with a heat-affected zone in the middle of the gauge length using the isostress testing method. Metallographic examination of the broken specimens was conducted. Linear extrapolation of the rupture times to the service temperature yielded a residual service life of more than 100,000 hours.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Extensión Creel"

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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald und Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Hagedorn, G. W., I. R. Smith, R. C. Paulen und M. Ross. Surficial geology, Enterprise, Northwest Territories, NTS 85-C/9, 10, 15, and 16. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328292.

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The Enterprise map area is a low-relief terrain bisected by a prominent Devonian carbonate bedrock escarpment. Ice-flow indicators show a clockwise shift in Laurentide Ice Sheet flow from southwest (230°), to west (280°), to northwest (305°). A late-stage southwestward surge from the Great Slave Lake basin is also preserved as drumlinoid ridges below the escarpment. During deglaciation, ice retreat impounded northeastern drainage forming local ice-contact lakes and areas of subaerial glaciofluvial outwash. As ice continued to retreat, the northern portion of the map area became inundated by glacial Lake McConnell, within which the Snake Creek Moraine and associated subaqueous fans formed. Prominent flights of beach ridges record the drainage of this lake. Exposed nearshore and littoral lake sediments were subsequently remobilized into eolian dunes. Bogs and fens have formed over much of the low relief landscape and display extensive thermokarst.
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Cross, A. J., A. D. Clark, A. Schofield und N. Kositcin. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon and monazite geochronology of the East Tennant region; a possible undercover extension of the Warramunga Province, Tennant Creek. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/132771.

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Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew und Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.
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Stockmal, G. S. A comprehensive review and reappraisal of the Howell Creek Structure: indication of multiple extension events in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313307.

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Morriss, Matthew C. Interim Geologic Map of the Vernal NE Quadrangle, Uintah County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, Juni 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-762.

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The Vernal NE 7.5' quadrangle is located at the northern boundary of the Colorado Plateau physiographic province, within the Uinta Basin sub-province (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946). The Middle Rocky Mountains, in Fenneman and Johnson’s (1946) classification, is located east and north of the quadrangle. The quadrangle includes Ashley Valley, centered on Ashley Creek, which drains the southern flank of the Uinta Mountains. The western part of the quadrangle is defined by the northwest-southeast-trending Asphalt Ridge and the west-dipping slope along the flank of the ridge. The northeastern part of the quadrangle is largely hills composed of Mancos Shale with a cap of pediment gravel (Sprinkel, 2006). The alluvial valley of Ashley Creek has developed into three distinct communities: Maeser, Naples, and Vernal, which is the most populous city and the County Seat. Nearly all of Ashley Valley is privately owned, allowing for continued growth of these communities and extensive farming operations. Tracts of the quadrangle along its western and eastern edges are a mix of Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands. The primary goals of this map are to provide up-to-date geologic information on the geology surrounding Vernal for the urbanized valley and to break out more detail on Mesozoic units in this region of the Uinta Basin. This work builds on previous mapping by Doug Sprinkel (UGS, retired) (Sprinkel, 2007, 2023). Geology on the periphery and for edge-matching was provided at the 1:24,000 scale through maps of the Dry Fork, Steinaker Reservoir, Donkey Flat, and Vernal NW quadrangles (Haddox et al., 2010; Jensen et al., 2016; Webb, 2017). Mapping was conducted using a combination of black-and-white stereographic photographs from 1937, 1938, and 1974 (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA], 1937; BLM, 1974) and from 1-meter-resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) data (U.S. Geological Survey, 2018). Mapping was aided with the help of relative elevation models, a derivative from a digital elevation model (DEM), to ascertain the elevation of different terrace treads above the modern river channel (Slaughter and Hubert, 2014; Larrieu, 2022).
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Struthers, Kim. Natural resource conditions at Fort Pulaski National Monument: Findings and management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, Dezember 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300064.

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The National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division’s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program initiated an NRCA project with Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU) in 2022. The purpose of an NRCA is to synthesize information related to the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions at a park and to report conditions for natural resource topics selected by park managers. Resource conditions are evaluated as either a condition assessment or a gap analysis, depending on data availability. For FOPU’s NRCA, managers selected salt marsh, shorebirds, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and butterflies as the focal resources. FOPU is comprised of two islands in coastal Georgia, McQueens and Cockspur, which are separated by the Savannah River near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. Cockspur Island contains the 19th century masonry fort, Fort Pulaski, and the monument’s visitor services and facilities and is primarily constructed with dredge material from the Savannah River. McQueens Island is almost entirely salt marsh habitat and most of its area is eligible federal wilderness, containing one of Georgia’s oyster recreational harvest areas (RHAs), Oyster Creek RHA. Both McQueens and Cockspur islands are designated as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Area (MPA), underscoring FOPU’s natural resource significance. Riverine, freshwater, and estuarine wetlands cover 83.81% of FOPU, with the latter accounting for almost 99% of all monument wetlands. Persistently emergent vegetation of smooth cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) and unconsolidated shore represent the dominant wetland types. McQueens Island estuarine wetlands were evaluated for 11 functions and were rated primarily as high functioning, except for the wetland north of Highway 80, where the causeway has altered its ability to function properly. The wetland west of the Highway 80 bend is composed of unconsolidated material so was rated as moderately functioning in carbon sequestration, retention of sediments, and shore stabilization. In contrast, the unconsolidated shore wetland in the Oyster Creek RHA, where the highest concentration of FOPU’s oysters occurs, were rated high for all expected wetland functions. In 2013, over 75% of the total oyster area from within four of Georgia’s RHAs was in the Oyster Creek RHA. A spectral analysis of oyster density in Oyster Creek RHA, comparing 2013 and 2018 images, reported an increase in the high-density class, a decrease in the moderate-low class, and an increase in the no oyster class, with the latter likely a function of how oyster areas were drawn between the images. A successful 2013 enhanced reef project in Oyster Creek RHA reported a pre-enhancement oyster area of 2.68 m2 (28.8 ft2) that increased to 894.2 m2 (0.22 ac) of oysters by 2018. FOPU’s extensive salt marsh habitat and beaches provide critical food sources and habitat for shorebirds in the Atlantic Flyway, especially during the pre-breeding season. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), and the federally threatened rufa subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) are identified as high priority species in the flyway and have been observed on Cockspur Island during the Manomet International Shorebird Surveys (2019–2022) at FOPU. The USFWS (2023) is seeking additional critical habitat designation, which will include Cockspur Island, for the rufa subspecies of Red Knot, whose estimated population abundance trend is declining throughout its entire range. FOPU’s non-wetland, upland habitat is primarily located on Cockspur Island and supports vegetation that can serve as host, roost and/or nectar plants for pollinators, especially butterflies. Cedar–Live Oak–Cabbage Palmetto (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola–Q. virginiana–Sabal palmetto) Marsh Hammock and Cabbage Palmetto Woodland contain the most diversity of beneficial butterfly plants. While a comprehensive butterfly inventory is needed, fall migration surveys have recorded three target species of the Butterflies of the Atlantic Flyway (BAFA): monarch (Danaus plexippus), gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae), and cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae). Collectively, FOPU’s natural resources are affected by the sea level, which has risen by 0.35 m (1.15 ft) from 1935 to 2022. Hardened shorelines, such as causeways or armored structures, are identified as the greatest threat to the salt marsh habitat’s ability to migrate upland with continued sea level rise. Erosion along Cockspur Island’s north shore is an ongoing issue and FOPU managers have been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop solutions to address the erosion, while also creating habitat for shorebirds. Several agencies routinely monitor for water and sediment pollution in and around FOPU, which, if managed collectively, can inform landscape-level management actions to address drivers that are influencing resource conditions at the ecosystem level.
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Knudsen, Tyler R. Interim Geologic Map of the Parowan Quadrangle, Iron County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, Juni 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-764.

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The Parowan 7.5' quadrangle is centered around the City of Parowan at the eastern margin of the Basin and Range Province in Iron County, southwestern Utah. The quadrangle covers part of the northwestern flank of the Markagunt Plateau and part of the adjacent Parowan Valley. Interstate 15 crosses the northwestern corner of the map area. Parowan Creek and its tributaries have carved deep canyons into the Markagunt Plateau, exposing a succession of sedimentary and volcanic rocks ranging in age from Late Cretaceous to Middle Pleistocene. The modern landscape is dominated by northeast-southwest-trending high-angle normal faults that form a series of horsts and grabens. The largest graben, Parowan Valley, is bounded by the Parowan fault on the southeast and is part of the transitional boundary between the Colorado Plateau to the east and the Basin and Range Province to the west. Large down-to-the-west displacements on the Parowan and the subparallel Paragonah faults have formed the precipitous Hurricane Cliffs. Along the base of the Hurricane Cliffs, Cretaceous through Eocene strata dip moderately to steeply northwest as part of the Cedar City-Parowan monocline, indicating that the eastward progression of Sevier deformation in this area extended into the Eocene. Extensive mass-wasting deposits consisting largely of Oligocene and Miocene volcanic rocks are preserved within four major northeast-trending grabens that traverse the Markagunt Plateau and are absent on upthrown blocks. Mass-wasting deposits range from Miocene regional-scale gravity-slide deposits to modern localized landsliding and slumping of weak, oversteepened units. The Parowan fault and nearby intrabasin faults in Parowan Valley have locally displaced Late Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial-fan deposits, indicating that the faults should be considered hazardous.
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Morse, P. D., R. J. H. Parker, S. L. Smith und W. E. Sladen. Permafrost-related landforms and geotechnical data compilation, Yellowknife to Grays Bay corridor region, Slave Geological Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332017.

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Permafrost conditions in the Slave Geological province are not well understood. Thaw of permafrost and associated ground ice can reduce ground stability, which modifies terrain and drainage patterns and affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This presents critical challenges to northern resource development and societies where thaw of ice-rich permafrost negatively affects the integrity of ground-based infrastructure. In an effort to address this knowledge gap, this report presents a digital georeferenced database of landforms identified in permafrost terrain using high-resolution satellite imagery and provides information on geomorphic indicators of ground ice presence and thaw susceptibility. Digital georeferenced databases compiled from sedimentological and cryostratigraphic records are also provided. The landform database is focused on mapping within a 10 km-wide swath of land (8576 km2 area of interest) centred on the proposed corridors for the 773 km-long Slave Geological Province Corridor Project, NT, and the Grays Bay Road and Port Project, NU. The geomorphic features were classified and digitized using high-resolution (0.5 m) satellite imagery following an existing protocol, which was modified by using a very high-resolution (2 m) digital elevation model (DEM), and by including mapping criteria for additional features. A total of 1393 geomorphic features were mapped comprising 10 different types, which were categorized into 3 classes that include periglacial (1291), hydrological (88), and mass movement (14) features. Data from 254 geotechnical boreholes and 2243 granular deposits were compiled. Information from the compiled databases was analyzed with surficial geology information. Results indicate that the distributions and densities of mapped landforms varied substantially according to surficial geology. High ground ice contents may be quite common in glaciofluvial deposits where creep of frozen ground affects about 30% of eskers. And ground ice may be more extensive overall than the available geotechnical data indicate. Borehole and granular deposit data suggest that overburden thickness above bedrock was up to 25.5 m, and visible ground ice contents were generally between 10% and 30%, but were up to 60% in glacial blanket and glaciofluvial sediments.
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort und O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging, British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328850.

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The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is a mature oil and gas basin with an extraordinary endowment of publicly accessible data. It contains structural elements of varying age, expressed as folding, faulting, and fracturing, which provide a record of tectonic activity during basin evolution. Knowledge of the structural architecture of the basin is crucial to understand its tectonic evolution; it also provides essential input for a range of geoscientific studies, including hydrogeology, geomechanics, and seismic risk analysis. This study focuses on an area defined by the subsurface extent of the Triassic Montney Formation, a region of the WCSB straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia, and covering an area of approximately 130,000 km2. In terms of regional structural elements, this area is roughly bisected by the east-west trending Dawson Creek Graben Complex (DCGC), which initially formed in the Late Carboniferous, and is bordered to the southwest by the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene Rocky Mountain thrust and fold belt (TFB). The structural geology of this region has been extensively studied, but structural elements compiled from previous studies exhibit inconsistencies arising from distinct subregions of investigation in previous studies, differences in the interpreted locations of faults, and inconsistent terminology. Moreover, in cases where faults are mapped based on unpublished proprietary data, many existing interpretations suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this study, publicly accessible data - formation tops derived from well logs, LITHOPROBE seismic profiles and regional potential-field grids, are used to delineate regional structural elements. Where seismic profiles cross key structural features, these features are generally expressed as multi-stranded or en echelon faults and structurally-linked folds, rather than discrete faults. Furthermore, even in areas of relatively tight well control, individual fault structures cannot be discerned in a robust manner, because the spatial sampling is insufficient to resolve fault strands. We have therefore adopted a structural-corridor approach, where structural corridors are defined as laterally continuous trends, identified using geological trend surface analysis supported by geophysical data, that contain co-genetic faults and folds. Such structural trends have been documented in laboratory models of basement-involved faults and some types of structural corridors have been described as flower structures. The distinction between discrete faults and structural corridors is particularly important for induced seismicity risk analysis, as the hazard posed by a single large structure differs from the hazard presented by a corridor of smaller pre-existing faults. We have implemented a workflow that uses trend surface analysis based on formation tops, with extensive quality control, combined with validation using available geophysical data. Seven formations are considered, from the Late Cretaceous Basal Fish Scale Zone (BFSZ) to the Wabamun Group. This approach helped to resolve the problem of limited spatial extent of available seismic data and provided a broader spatial coverage, enabling the investigation of structural trends throughout the entirety of the Montney play. In total, we identified 34 major structural corridors and number of smaller-scale structures, for which a GIS shapefile is included as a digital supplement to facilitate use of these features in other studies. Our study also outlines two buried regional foreland lobes of the Rocky Mountain TFB, both north and south of the DCGC.
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