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Rosetia, Amanda, und Nor Zalina Harun. „An Exploratory Analysis of the Definition and Conceptualization of Cultural Landscape“. Jurnal Kejuruteraan si6, Nr. 1 (31.10.2023): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-si6(1)-02.
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Many have analyzed “cultural landscape” and its meaning. Some recall the basics of diverse fields, such as “a cultural landscape is a landscape that has been cultivated” or “culture that dwells in a landscape.” The need to decipher “cultural landscape” has drive n research on people’s cultural views of their immediate surroundings. This study suggests cultural landscape research in South East Asia against the backdrop of emerging approaches in cultural landscape research worldwide. Thus, this essay will examine cultural dynamics arguments and hypotheses. This exploratory review and inductive qualitative analysis examined “cultural landscape” studies from the early 19th century to the present. Google Scholar, Science Direct, and other professional education search portals were used to find and examine over fifty papers on local cultural landscapes. To understand cultural landscape studies’ interconnectedness, research results are synthesized and thematized. Therefore, the study provides a concise overview of eight (8) significant fields of study: geography, governance, environmental studies, etymology, tourism, agricultural studies, health studies and technology. Only tourism, ecology, geography, and politics study Indonesia’s cultural landscape. However, despite the abundance of creative and literary creation in Indonesia, little progress has been made in this area. Instead, new findings in domains as diverse as literature, semantics, and etymology are advancing our knowledge of the cultural environment and its effects.
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Lang, Ryan Dieter, und Andries Petrus Engelbrecht. „An Exploratory Landscape Analysis-Based Benchmark Suite“. Algorithms 14, Nr. 3 (27.02.2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14030078.
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The choice of which objective functions, or benchmark problems, should be used to test an optimization algorithm is a crucial part of the algorithm selection framework. Benchmark suites that are often used in the literature have been shown to exhibit poor coverage of the problem space. Exploratory landscape analysis can be used to quantify characteristics of objective functions. However, exploratory landscape analysis measures are based on samples of the objective function, and there is a lack of work on the appropriate choice of sample size needed to produce reliable measures. This study presents an approach to determine the minimum sample size needed to obtain robust exploratory landscape analysis measures. Based on reliable exploratory landscape analysis measures, a self-organizing feature map is used to cluster a comprehensive set of benchmark functions. From this, a benchmark suite that has better coverage of the single-objective, boundary-constrained problem space is proposed.
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Chang Chien, Yi-Min, Steve Carver und Alexis Comber. „An Exploratory Analysis of Expert and Nonexpert-Based Land-Scape Aesthetics Evaluations: A Case Study from Wales“. Land 10, Nr. 2 (13.02.2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020192.
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The debate over the conceptual constructs of landscape aesthetics, specifically whether landscape quality is inherently related to landscape physical characteristics or is subjectively “in the eye of the beholder,” has continued for years. Solutions accommodating both the biophysical and perceptual aspects of landscapes are thus desirable for landscape planners and policymakers. In response to policy shifts that emphasise both expert and public landscape perspectives, this study investigates the relationships between formal and informal landscape evaluations. It analyses crowdsourced data describing landscape aesthetic quality (Scenic-Or-Not) and authoritative landscape quality assessments (the Landscape Assessment Decision Making Process (LANDMAP) of Wales). Some agreement was found regarding landforms most likely to be perceived as scenic or unattractive by experts and non-experts, which aligns with previous landscape perception studies. However, contested landscape typologies are identified formal and informal landscape aesthetic evaluations are compared. Several limitations and implications for current formal landscape assessment paradigms (GIS based and vertical) are discussed and several approaches for capturing on-the-ground perceptions are suggested including recent extensions to GIS derived viewsheds (e.g., vertical voxel viewsheds).
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Staniak, Mateusz, und Przemysław Biecek. „The Landscape of R Packages for Automated Exploratory Data Analysis“. R Journal 11, Nr. 2 (2019): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/rj-2019-033.
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Sarefo, Seth, Maurice Dawson und Mphago Banyatsang. „An exploratory analysis of the cybersecurity threat landscape for Botswana“. Procedia Computer Science 219 (2023): 1012–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.379.
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Song, Shangzhou, Shaohua Wang, Huichun Ye und Yong Guan. „Exploratory Analysis on the Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Beitang Landscape in the Shangzhuang Basin“. Land 11, Nr. 3 (12.03.2022): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030418.
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Beitang landscape is a production system and land use pattern that ancient people created to adapt to droughts and floods during a long traditional farming culture. It has a critical reference meaning for water resource use and water systems protection in modern cities. Taking the Shangzhuang Basin (China) as an example, this study used multi-source data, such as remote sensing images, Beitang vector dataset, land-use dataset, elevation, slope, river, road, and field survey, to investigate the spatial distribution and influencing factors Beitang landscape. Results showed that in a typical small watershed basin, an area of ponds accounted for 1.0%, about 12 ponds per square kilometer—the average area of ponds is 814 m2, of which the vast majority is less than 1000 m2. The study found that the spatial distribution of Beitang in the Shangzhuang Basin has cluster characteristics, influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, river, roads, villages, farmland, woodland, and other factors, all of which have closely related to the natural environment development and human activities. The upstream, middle, and downstream of three Beitang landscapes were coordinated to support the Beitang landscape system in the small watershed of the basin. Findings provided a model for protecting and utilizing natural water systems in rural areas during the construction of sponge cities.
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Munoz, Mario A., Michael Kirley und Saman K. Halgamuge. „Exploratory Landscape Analysis of Continuous Space Optimization Problems Using Information Content“. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 19, Nr. 1 (Februar 2015): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2014.2302006.
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Alyahya, Khulood, und Jonathan E. Rowe. „Landscape Analysis of a Class of NP-Hard Binary Packing Problems“. Evolutionary Computation 27, Nr. 1 (März 2019): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00237.
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This article presents an exploratory landscape analysis of three NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems: the number partitioning problem, the binary knapsack problem, and the quadratic binary knapsack problem. In the article, we examine empirically a number of fitness landscape properties of randomly generated instances of these problems. We believe that the studied properties give insight into the structure of the problem landscape and can be representative of the problem difficulty, in particular with respect to local search algorithms. Our work focuses on studying how these properties vary with different values of problem parameters. We also compare these properties across various landscapes that were induced by different penalty functions and different neighbourhood operators. Unlike existing studies of these problems, we study instances generated at random from various distributions. We found a general trend where some of the landscape features in all of the three problems were found to vary between the different distributions. We captured this variation by a single, easy to calculate parameter and we showed that it has a potentially useful application in guiding the choice of the neighbourhood operator of some local search heuristics.
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Judijanto, Loso, Eva Yuniarti Utami, Rianti Setyawasih und Teddy Oswari. „Exploratory Analysis of Literature on the Impact of Globalization on Finance“. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies 1, Nr. 12 (30.12.2023): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i12.525.
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This exploratory analysis delves into the extensive body of literature examining the intricate relationship between globalization and finance in the contemporary era. As global economic forces continue to reshape financial landscapes worldwide, this study synthesizes insights from diverse disciplines, including economics, finance, sociology, and political science. The analysis uncovers the transformative power of globalization on financial structures, institutions, and market behaviors, revealing a nuanced interplay that extends beyond economic transactions. The literature review explores key themes such as the new dynamics of financial globalization, its effects on developing countries, and the role of technology, market structure, and policy responses. Additionally, it addresses the social and political consequences, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding to inform regulatory frameworks and international cooperation. The method section details a systematic bibliometric analysis of Human Resource Management research in the context of globalization, providing key metrics, trends, and research opportunities. The results and discussion section identifies research trends, key articles, and potential terms for future exploration. Drawing implications from the analysis, the study advocates for adaptive strategies and a forward-thinking perspective to navigate the complexities of the interconnected global financial landscape.
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Caldeira, Sofia P. „The Pluralization of Feminist Hashtag Landscapes: An Exploratory Mapping of Feminist Hashtags on Portuguese Instagram“. Social Media + Society 9, Nr. 2 (April 2023): 205630512311716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051231171638.
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Feminist hashtags are often studied in the context of concise and highly visible hashtag movements. However, most social media and hashtag use exist outside the narrow confines of such movements. This article broadens the scope of exploration of hashtag feminisms, encompassing not only well-defined hashtag movements but also generic hashtags where feminist action might not be overtly or strategically mobilized. It grounds these explorations on the mapping of the Portuguese landscape of feminist hashtags on Instagram. Starting from four hashtags—#feminismoportugal, #igualdadedegénero, #naopartilhes, and #portugalmaisigual—this study explores hashtagging practices in 294 posts created by 101 users. Combining the analysis of a hashtag co-occurrences network with qualitative close readings, this article explores how these online practices incorporate varied typologies of fourth-wave feminist action, how a focus on intersectionality can be conducive to a heterogeneous and differentiated hashtag landscape, and how questions of effectiveness of hashtag activism can be problematized by low metrics of engagement. As such, this exploration of the Portuguese feminist hashtag landscape serves as an entry point for a critical reflection on the everyday uses of feminist hashtags, illustrating the tensions, complexities, and contradictions that such pluralized hashtag landscapes can encompass.
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Tavares, Beatriz Carvalho, und Vander Valduga. „Coffeescape: analysis of international bibliographic production on coffee cultural landscapes“. Geography Department University of Sao Paulo 43 (19.12.2023): e206540. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/eissn.2236-2878.rdg.2023.206540.
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The diversity of coffee culture manifestations and their expressions in the landscape show the potential of interdisciplinary research guided by plural epistemological lenses. This article aims to contribute to the realization of future research on the patrimonialization of agrifood cultural landscapes, especially coffee, in the different producing countries. In this way, it aims to identify the main methodologies and epistemological lenses used in coffee production cultural landscape studies. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, Redalyc and Theses and dissertations indexed in the CAPES databases. The results pointed to the identification of 41 publications, with Colombia as the main geographical area and origin of the researchers. It was possible to characterize them in six thematic categories: 1) Planning and Territorial Ordinance; 2) Patrimonialization Processes; 3) Cultural Aspects; 4) Tourism; 5) Industrial Heritage; and 6) Biodiversity. The methodologies used focus on qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive character, with ethnographic nature. Among the main techniques, bibliographic and documentary research were combined with field immersion, observation, and semi-structured interviews. Theoretical-methodological lens analysis shows most studies with a phenomenological and complexity approach in Humanist-Cultural Geography. The research reinforced the interdisciplinary potential of studies on landscapes and coffee production, highlighting the geographic complexity of coffee territories in Brazil and the world.
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Škvorc, Urban, Tome Eftimov und Peter Korošec. „Understanding the problem space in single-objective numerical optimization using exploratory landscape analysis“. Applied Soft Computing 90 (Mai 2020): 106138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106138.
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Salvati, Luca, und Agostino Ferrara. „Profiling agro-forest landscape types at the wildland–urban interface: an exploratory analysis“. Agroforestry Systems 89, Nr. 2 (15.11.2014): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9766-6.
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Santos, Eric Bem dos, Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça Pimentel und Milena Dutra da Silva. „Landscape Ecology applied to the study of the Atlantic Forest“. Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress 8, Nr. 3 (08.08.2023): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24221/jeap.8.3.2023.5427.184-189.
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Understanding the metric and dynamic behavior of the Atlantic Forest landscapes is of fundamental importance for planning and decision-making, especially with regard to the recovery of degraded areas and the creation of public policies for the protection/conservation of biodiversity. In this perspective, landscape ecology is an extremely important tool. From this perspective, the present research aimed to conduct a literature review of the ecology of the landscape linked to studies in the Atlantic Forest. With regard to the methodology, this research should be classified as bibliographic, literature review type, as to the means and exploratory and descriptive regarding the purposes. The results bring definition, origin/evolution, calculations (Area, Edge, Core and proximity) and applications. It is concluded that landscape ecology should be understood as a new and promising area, the use of landscape metrics brings to the ouse approach of maps and satellite images, allowing a larger scale of study, whether cartographic, spatial and/or temporal, enabling a visualization of the landscape in different perspectives and from the analysis of its phytogeographic structure.
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Kerschke, Pascal, und Heike Trautmann. „Automated Algorithm Selection on Continuous Black-Box Problems by Combining Exploratory Landscape Analysis and Machine Learning“. Evolutionary Computation 27, Nr. 1 (März 2019): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00236.
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In this article, we build upon previous work on designing informative and efficient Exploratory Landscape Analysis features for characterizing problems' landscapes and show their effectiveness in automatically constructing algorithm selection models in continuous black-box optimization problems. Focusing on algorithm performance results of the COCO platform of several years, we construct a representative set of high-performing complementary solvers and present an algorithm selection model that, compared to the portfolio's single best solver, on average requires less than half of the resources for solving a given problem. Therefore, there is a huge gain in efficiency compared to classical ensemble methods combined with an increased insight into problem characteristics and algorithm properties by using informative features. The model acts on the assumption that the function set of the Black-Box Optimization Benchmark is representative enough for practical applications. The model allows for selecting the best suited optimization algorithm within the considered set for unseen problems prior to the optimization itself based on a small sample of function evaluations. Note that such a sample can even be reused for the initial population of an evolutionary (optimization) algorithm so that even the feature costs become negligible.
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Seifried, Rebecca M., und Tuna Kalaycı. „An Exploratory Spatial Analysis of the Churches in the Southern Mani Peninsula, Greece“. Open Archaeology 5, Nr. 1 (31.12.2019): 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0032.
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AbstractThe Mani Peninsula is home to hundreds of Orthodox Christian churches that were built within the last millennium. As in other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean countryside, the topological relationship between churches and settlements is a critical factor in understanding the significance of the sacred landscape. Many churches are situated in the central part of a village or on its very edge, but others – what are referred to as “outlying churches” or exokklisia – are built at great distances away. In this paper, we make the first attempt to assess the spatial relationship between the spaces where people worshipped (the churches) and the spaces where they lived (the settlements) at a regional scale, focused specifically on the Middle Byzantine period and later (mid-9th century CE to the present day). Comparing these patterns across the Byzantine, Ottoman, and Modern periods allows us to frame Mani’s sacred infrastructure within a changing, diachronic perspective. The results point to a change in the topological relationship between church and settlement that is best described as the “nucleation of the sacred landscape.”
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Nickayin, Samaneh Sadat, Luca Salvati, Rosa Coluzzi, Maria Lanfredi, Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Rosanna Salvia, Giovanni Quaranta, Ahmed Alhuseen und Luisa Gaburova. „What Happens in the City When Long-Term Urban Expansion and (Un)Sustainable Fringe Development Occur: The Case Study of Rome“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, Nr. 4 (06.04.2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040231.
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This study investigates long-term landscape transformations (1949–2016) in urban Rome, Central Italy, through a spatial distribution of seven metrics (core, islet, perforation, edge, loop, bridge, branch) derived from a Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) analyzed separately for seven land-use classes (built-up areas, arable land, crop mosaic, vineyards, olive groves, forests, pastures). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been finally adopted to characterize landscape structure at 1949 and 2016. Results of the MSPA demonstrate how both natural and agricultural land-uses have decreased following urban expansion. Moreover, the percent ‘core’ area of each class declined substantially, although with different intensity. These results clearly indicate ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ after long-term landscape transformations: urban settlements and forests belong to the former category, the remaining land-use classes (mostly agricultural) belong to the latter category. Descriptive statistics and multivariate exploratory techniques finally documented the intrinsic complexity characteristic of actual landscapes. The findings of this study also demonstrate how settlements have expanded chaotically over the study area, reflecting a progressive ‘fractalization’ and inhomogeneity of fringe landscapes, with negative implications for metropolitan sustainability at large. These transformations were unable to leverage processes of settlement and economic re-agglomeration around sub-centers typical of polycentric development in the most advanced socioeconomic contexts.
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Li, Hong Jie, und Xiao Ning Zhang. „Scenic Quality of Highway Landscape Evaluation: A Case Study from China“. Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (Juni 2010): 2389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2389.
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Explores empirically the formative factors of the scenic quality concerned with highway landscape evaluation. Based on earlier works the formative factors are comprehensively considered and summed up. Then EFA (exploratory factor analyses) and CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) are made by way of 112 questionnaires, which have all been completed and returned to develop a 6-dimensional model to reveal the scenic landscape beauty. Fitting the model by introducing SEM (structural equation modeling) the formative factors are verified including the six scenic quality aspects as follows: vividness, variety, cultural, naturalness, comfort and security.
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Venkatachary, Balaji, und Vishakha Kawathekar. „Understanding the Relationship between Component and Attribute of Cultural Landscapes: Case of Indian Music and Cultural Landscapes“. Journal of Heritage Management 3, Nr. 1 (Juni 2018): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929618773390.
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The widely recognized definition of ‘Cultural Landscape’ in current practice is borrowed from UNESCO as Combined works of Nature and of Man.1 They are complex entities consisting of multiple layering of built-unbuilt components including intangible cultural aspects. These components are interrelated and interdependent. The landscape evolves together through combined natural and cultural processes. In current discourse and practice of heritage management, value-based assessment is a widely accepted approach. Evaluation of cultural landscapes for its Significance and Value is a complex process that requires an understanding of interwoven layers of components and attributes.2 Systematic understanding of such relationships between components and attributes is still in its infancy. Amongst various such identified intangible agencies, this study chooses to explore music. A study of secondary sources was undertaken. Cultural landscapes nominated as World Heritage Sites and identified Indian sites were systematically examined to understand various components and attributes. Using the indicators from this study and the theoretical framework of sociomusicology, a research design was prepared. Recognizing the historical association of music with the sites on the Kaveri river basin in peninsular India, a reconnaissance study was undertaken for onsite validation. Musical associations were spatially mapped for analysis and the findings are presented. Systematic understanding of the relationships between components of a cultural landscape and intangible cultural traditions is still in its infancy. The undertaken study is an exploratory work that focuses on understanding the relationship between components of a cultural landscape and ‘intangible attributes’, especially music. A study of secondary sources was undertaken in two parts. In the first part, concept of cultural landscape has been explored. Cultural landscapes nominated as World Heritage Sites were systematically examined to understand various components and attributes. The knowledge helped in formation of indicators for evaluation of cultural landscapes. In the second part of the study, selected case studies of Indian cultural landscapes were studies with the developed indicators. Musical traditions existing in these sites were theoretically reduced to basic components and mapped for analysis.
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Huang, Chun-Kai (Karl), Katie Wilson, Cameron Neylon, Alkim Ozaygen, Lucy Montgomery und Richard Hosking. „Mapping open knowledge institutions: an exploratory analysis of Australian universities“. PeerJ 9 (11.05.2021): e11391. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11391.
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While the movement for open research has gained momentum in recent years, there remain concerns about the broader commitment to openness in knowledge production and dissemination. Increasingly, universities are under pressure to transform themselves to engage with the wider community and to be more inclusive. Open knowledge institutions (OKIs) provide a framework that encourages universities to act with the principles of openness at their centre; not only should universities embrace digital open access (OA), but also lead actions in cultivating diversity, equity, transparency and positive changes in society. This leads to questions of whether we can evaluate the progress of OKIs and what are potential indicators for OKIs. As an exploratory study, this article reports on the collection and analysis of a list of potential OKI indicators. Data for these indicators are gathered for 43 Australian universities. The indicators provide high-dimensional and complex signals about university performances. They show evidence of large disparities in characteristics such as Indigenous employment and gender equity, and a preference for repository-mediated OA across Australian universities. We demonstrate use of the OKI evaluation framework to categorise these indicators into three platforms of diversity, communication and coordination. The analysis provides new insights into the Australian open knowledge landscape and ways of mapping different paths of OKIs.
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Zhou, Yangyang, Wei Gao, Chen Yang und Yonglin Shen. „Exploratory analysis of the influence of landscape patterns on lake cooling effect in Wuhan, China“. Urban Climate 39 (September 2021): 100969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100969.
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Agasiev, T. A. „Generalized Information Content based on Variability Map for Exploratory Landscape Analysis of Global Optimization Problems“. Procedia Computer Science 150 (2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.02.012.
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Sader, Steven A., Suming Jin, Jacob W. Metzler und Michael Hoppus. „Exploratory analysis of forest harvest and regeneration pattern among multiple landowners“. Forestry Chronicle 82, Nr. 2 (01.03.2006): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82203-2.
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A land cover map (1993) was combined with an updated forest change detection map (19912000) to examine forest harvest activity, mostly on private commercial forest lands. Landsat change detection methods indicated that industrial forest owners harvested a higher percentage of forest than non-industrial owners in a northern Maine study area. In the 1980s, the percentage of forest harvested across all ownership classes (five) was higher, the mean harvest patch size was larger, patches were more compact, and the mean perimeter to area ratios were smaller compared to data from the 1990s. For all patch metrics, there was a significant time period effect but there was no effect among landowners. Larger harvest patch size in the 1980s may be partially explained by extensive salvage logging that occurred in the wake of a massive spruce budworm infestation in the 1970s. Softwood types were dominant (> 80%) in regeneration stands approximately 1525 years old on all ownerships. Medium spatial resolution Landsat imagery shows promise as a landscape level tool to monitor forest change patterns and trends across multiple ownerships. Key words: remote sensing, Landsat, change detection, harvest intensity, forest regeneration, forest landowners
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Ivaldi, Antonia. „The role of natural landscapes for facilitating coaching: Exploratory findings from walking coaching experiences“. Coaching Psychologist 19, Nr. 2 (22.12.2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstcp.2023.19.2.45.
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Recent developments in coaching and coaching psychology have considered the outdoors as an alternative space within which to conduct coaching, in addition to the more traditional indoor environments. Research into walking coaching is therefore in its infancy and whilst the growing body of research in eco-therapy is relevant to coaching, little empirical research has been conducted as to how different types of landscapes may serve helping conversations, more specifically coaching. Drawing on the experiences of walking coaching clients, this study examines which landscapes are beneficial for coaching and why. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five walking coaching clients and analysed using semantic thematic analysis. Four themes were developed that identified landscapes as needing to be: i) expansive and spacious; ii) having variety; iii) a natural, less controlled environment; and iv) ones that challenge and support the self. These aspects not only provided the conditions for effective and insightful coaching, but also aligned themselves to the coaching process and relationship itself. Furthermore, participants were clear on what they needed from their environment for them to receive the full benefits of walking coaching. It is concluded that as the landscape is central to the process, it is important for coaches and coaching psychologists to consult with clients as to the types of outdoor environments that may be most beneficial for their coaching.
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Chatterjee, Avishek, Cosimo Nardi, Cary Oberije und Philippe Lambin. „Knowledge Graphs for COVID-19: An Exploratory Review of the Current Landscape“. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, Nr. 4 (14.04.2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11040300.
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Background: Searching through the COVID-19 research literature to gain actionable clinical insight is a formidable task, even for experts. The usefulness of this corpus in terms of improving patient care is tied to the ability to see the big picture that emerges when the studies are seen in conjunction rather than in isolation. When the answer to a search query requires linking together multiple pieces of information across documents, simple keyword searches are insufficient. To answer such complex information needs, an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) technology named a knowledge graph (KG) could prove to be effective. Methods: We conducted an exploratory literature review of KG applications in the context of COVID-19. The search term used was “covid-19 knowledge graph”. In addition to PubMed, the first five pages of search results for Google Scholar and Google were considered for inclusion. Google Scholar was used to include non-peer-reviewed or non-indexed articles such as pre-prints and conference proceedings. Google was used to identify companies or consortiums active in this domain that have not published any literature, peer-reviewed or otherwise. Results: Our search yielded 34 results on PubMed and 50 results each on Google and Google Scholar. We found KGs being used for facilitating literature search, drug repurposing, clinical trial mapping, and risk factor analysis. Conclusions: Our synopses of these works make a compelling case for the utility of this nascent field of research.
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Roser, Leandro G., Laura I. Ferreyra, Beatriz O. Saidman und Juan C. Vilardi. „EcoGenetics: An R package for the management and exploratory analysis of spatial data in landscape genetics“. Molecular Ecology Resources 17, Nr. 6 (25.07.2017): e241-e250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12697.
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Bergquist, Daniel, Christine A. Hempel und John Lööf Green. „Bridging the gap between theory and design“. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 20, Nr. 3 (04.03.2019): 548–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-04-2019-0143.
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Purpose This paper aims to describe an exploratory research and design process that uses illustrative techniques to bridge the gap between theoretical principles of systems ecology, stakeholder input and a workable physical planning strategy for Ultuna Campus in Uppsala, Sweden. Design/methodology/approach Stakeholder interviews provide the empirical basis for this exploratory design process, in conjunction with landscape analysis, and review of previous proposals for campus development. Central principles of self-organizing systems are selected and concretized as visionary hypotheses in a physical context. Preliminary design concepts and plans illustrate sustainable systems while supporting new functional programmatic requirements: housing, industry-research collaboration, transportation and community-integrated landscapes. Findings The result is a proposal based on regenerative landscape design, envisioning campus Ultuna as a coherent whole. Research limitations/implications A large-scale modern building program is already underway at Ultuna, and rapid urbanization in the surrounding region coupled with projected growth on campus suggests future intensification of university lands. A master plan to be implemented until 2040 is now in the preliminary design phase. Ultuna is home to significant cultural and ecological landscapes, and a holistic approach is called for. Practical implications Illustrative techniques suggest ways to synthesize knowledge by creating future scenarios that are workable in practice. Social implications Global challenges call for designs that enhance environmental and human resources and their capacity to regenerate over time. Sustainability objectives are particularly crucial when envisioning university campuses; the environment serves as a laboratory for researchers, teachers, students and residents of the surrounding community. Originality/value This paper describes an innovative process for bridging ecological principles, stakeholder perspectives and practical design strategies for sustainable campuses.
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Chakraborty, Abhik, und Takeshi Takenaka. „A Qualitative Exploratory Analysis of Ecological Integrity for Safeguarding World Natural Heritage Sites: Case Study of Shiretoko Peninsula, Japan“. Heritage 2, Nr. 1 (18.03.2019): 898–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010060.
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This article reports the findings of an exploratory study on the complexity and challenges of managing UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites (WNHS). Despite their protected status, the majority of the WNHS currently face severe anthropogenic stress. While several studies have analyzed this scenario with spatial analysis and review of global trends, this research provides a qualitative analysis of ongoing fragmentation and impact in a specific site by employing the Ecological Integrity (EI) concept to the Shiretoko Peninsula WNHS in Japan. Insights from key scientific literature are synthesized with those from research and monitoring of the Blakiston’s Fish Owl (a keystone species). Findings indicate that ecosystems of Shiretoko WNHS have not sufficiently recovered from the intensive anthropogenic disruption in the 20th century and in some cases face novel stressors from tourism development after the inscription. Besides, ongoing construction of roads and facilities affects fine-scale heterogeneity in the surrounding landscape. The findings highlight the urgent need of protecting lower trophic level species, stream and forest restoration, and restricting infrastructure development. This implies that WNHS managers must implement measures to meaningfully offset anthropogenic stress on EI, and WNHS management should be integrated with the management of its surrounding landscapes.
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Tran, Bach Xuan, Roger S. McIntyre, Carl A. Latkin, Hai Thanh Phan, Giang Thu Vu, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Kenneth K. Gwee, Cyrus S. H. Ho und Roger C. M. Ho. „The Current Research Landscape on the Artificial Intelligence Application in the Management of Depressive Disorders: A Bibliometric Analysis“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 12 (18.06.2019): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122150.
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Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques have been widely applied in depression research and treatment. Nonetheless, there is currently no systematic review or bibliometric analysis in the medical literature about the applications of AI in depression. We performed a bibliometric analysis of the current research landscape, which objectively evaluates the productivity of global researchers or institutions in this field, along with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and latent dirichlet allocation (LDA). From 2010 onwards, the total number of papers and citations on using AI to manage depressive disorder have risen considerably. In terms of global AI research network, researchers from the United States were the major contributors to this field. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the most well-studied application of AI was the utilization of machine learning to identify clinical characteristics in depression, which accounted for more than 60% of all publications. Latent dirichlet allocation identified specific research themes, which include diagnosis accuracy, structural imaging techniques, gene testing, drug development, pattern recognition, and electroencephalography (EEG)-based diagnosis. Although the rapid development and widespread use of AI provide various benefits for both health providers and patients, interventions to enhance privacy and confidentiality issues are still limited and require further research.
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Bueno, I. T., J. F. G. Antunes, A. P. S. G. D. D. Toro, J. P. S. Werner, A. C. Coutinho, G. K. D. A. Figueiredo, R. A. C. Lamparelli, J. C. D. M. Esquerdo und P. S. G. Magalhães. „LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION IN A HETEROGENEOUS AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE USING PLANETSCOPE DATA“. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-1-2023 (21.04.2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-1-2023-49-2023.
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Abstract. Land use and land cover (LULC) classification has long been an essential topic in Earth Observation research and plays a key role in the sustainable development of agriculture. This study evaluated the accuracy of LULC classification based on an initial clustering step in a heterogeneous agricultural landscape using PlanetScope imagery while checking for variability among their Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) temporal signatures. We adopt an object-based image analysis to generate image-objects and then extract statistical information of PlanetScope spectral bands and vegetation indices as input information for classification. The exploratory analysis focused on the double crop class and calculated the distance between NDVI temporal signatures of paired land parcels. We applied an unsupervised clustering technique along with Random Forest algorithm based on multiple tests to classify and analyse gains and losses in accuracies produced by these approaches. Our results showed that the initial clustering method outperformed the non-clustered classification of LULC in overall accuracy measures. The exploratory analysis demonstrated that double crops might present high intra-class variability and diverse crop calendars for neighbour land parcels. The accuracies achieved represent promising opportunities for the sufficiently accurate classification of such areas, and the knowledge of the intra-class variability allows the analyst to infer the temporal dynamics of crop fields. We reinforce that further work could assess other types of classifiers, especially in areas with a large number of crop types and distinct management practices.
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Vergara-Perucich, José Francisco, Carlos Aguirre-Nuñez und Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte. „Investification en el mercado de la vivienda: estudio exploratorio en Santiago de Chile“. Revista Urbano 26, Nr. 48 (30.11.2023): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2023.26.48.05.
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This study uses a quantitative methodological approach with geographically weighted regressions to address the phenomenon of investification in the Greater Santiago rental market. Using the collection and analysis of transaction data and urban indicators, the location patterns of residential investments are explored for specific urban functions at the census tract level. The analysis reveals that proximity to higher education institutions, stability in rental prices, and the presence of older adults are determining factors in the selection of investment properties. These findings evidence the transformation of the urban landscape as rental spaces for capital and highlight the growing socio-spatial segmentation, thus underlining the need for regulations that address the implications of investification in the urban dynamics of Greater Santiago.
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Chiarelli, Andrea, Rob Johnson, Stephen Pinfield und Emma Richens. „Preprints and Scholarly Communication: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Adoption, Practices, Drivers and Barriers“. F1000Research 8 (25.11.2019): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19619.2.
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Background: Since 2013, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of preprint servers. Little is known about the position of researchers, funders, research performing organisations and other stakeholders with respect to this fast-paced landscape. In this article, we explore the perceived benefits and challenges of preprint posting, alongside issues including infrastructure and financial sustainability. We also discuss the definition of a ‘preprint’ in different communities, and the impact this has on uptake. Methods: This study is based on 38 semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders, based on a purposive heterogeneous sampling approach and undertaken between October 2018 and January 2019. Interviewees were primarily drawn from biology, chemistry and psychology, where use of preprints is growing. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis to identify trends. Interview questions were designed based on Innovation Diffusion Theory, which was also used to interpret our results. Results: Participants were conscious of the rising prominence of preprints and cited early and fast dissemination as their most appealing feature. Preprints were also considered to enable broader access to scientific literature and increased opportunities for informal commenting. The main concerns related to the lack of quality assurance and the ‘Ingelfinger rule’. We identified trust as an essential factor in preprint posting, and highlight the enabling role of Twitter in showcasing preprints. Conclusions: The preprints landscape is evolving fast, and disciplinary communities are at different stages in the innovation diffusion process. The landscape is characterised by experimentation, which leads to the conclusion that a one-size-fits-all approach to preprints is not feasible. Cooperation and active engagement between the stakeholders involved will play an important role going forward. We share questions for the further development of the preprints landscape, with the most important being whether preprint posting will develop as a publisher- or researcher-centric practice.
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Yeh, Lin, Hsiao und Huang. „The Effect of Improving Cycleway Environment on the Recreational Benefits of Bicycle Tourism“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 18 (17.09.2019): 3460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183460.
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Bicycle tourism is one of the popular physical activities for sport tourists. Since the physical environment may affect bicycling behavior, it becomes an important determinant for cyclists to choose a cycleway. Exploratory factor analysis is performed to extract the perception of environmental quality of cyclists into five main factors, including safety, light facilities, lane design, landscape, and environment cleanliness. The contingent behavior method (CBM) is adopted to measure the quality improvement projects in different scenarios of light facility and landscape improvement. The results showed that the improvement projects increased the intended number of trips and the recreational benefits of cyclists.
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Md Saad, Nor Hasliza, Lee Pei Sin und Zulnaidi Yaacob. „An Exploratory of Sentiment Analysis on e-Commerce Business Platform: Shopee Malaysia“. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 39, Nr. 4 (21.12.2023): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2023-3904-04.
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The social media landscape creates opportunities for businesses to gain insights into public opinions about the brand, products and services issues discussed online. This research focuses on analysing public opinion on Twitter (currently rebranding to ‘X’) using Nvivo software. A qualitative technique was used to perform sentiment and content analyses on data gathered on 29 November 2021 concerning one of the top E-commerce business platforms in Malaysia, Shopee. In sentiment analysis, the cases of "Very Negative", "Moderately Negative", "Moderately Positive" and "Very Positive" were to be established. There are 3261 comments; 284 tweets have been coded as very negative, 122 as moderately negative, 412 as moderately positive, and 2443 as very positive. There are seven themes of the topic that emerged within the positive sentiment group: Customer satisfaction, customer service, delivery service, giveaway, promotion, seller satisfaction and socialising. Five themes for the negative sentiment group are identified: apps service, customer satisfaction, customer service, delivery service, and seller satisfaction. These findings will assist Shopee in determining what is effective and what is not. The findings add to the knowledge of e-commerce business platforms. It presents an overview of the public perspective for e-commerce businesses to understand the strengths and weaknesses of their services and react swiftly to customer demands. Keywords: Sentiment analysis, Shopee, e-commerce, Twitter, Nvivo.
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Moser, I., M. Gheorghita und A. Aleti. „Identifying Features of Fitness Landscapes and Relating Them to Problem Difficulty“. Evolutionary Computation 25, Nr. 3 (September 2017): 407–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00177.
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Complex combinatorial problems are most often optimised with heuristic solvers, which usually deliver acceptable results without any indication of the quality obtained. Recently, predictive diagnostic optimisation was proposed as a means of characterising the fitness landscape while optimising a combinatorial problem. The scalars produced by predictive diagnostic optimisation appear to describe the difficulty of the problem with relative reliability. In this study, we record more scalars that may be helpful in determining problem difficulty during the optimisation process and analyse these in combination with other well-known landscape descriptors by using exploratory factor analysis on four landscapes that arise from different search operators, applied to a varied set of quadratic assignment problem instances. Factors are designed to capture properties by combining the collinear variances of several variables. The extracted factors can be interpreted as the features of landscapes detected by the variables, but disappoint in their weak correlations with the result quality achieved by the optimiser, which we regard as the most reliable indicator of difficulty available. It appears that only the prediction error of predictive diagnostic optimisation has a strong correlation with the quality of the results produced, followed by a medium correlation of the fitness distance correlation of the local optima.
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Kesner, M. H., und A. V. Linzey. „Modeling Population Variation in Peromyscus leucopus: An Exploratory Analysis“. Journal of Mammalogy 78, Nr. 2 (21.05.1997): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382915.
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Ben-Aharon, Irit, Moshe Elkabets, Raphael Pelossof, Kenneth H. Yu, Peter J. Allen, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Steven D. Leach, Maeve Aine Lowery, Karyn A. Goodman und Eileen Mary O'Reilly. „Genomic landscape of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Does age matter?“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2016): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.250.
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250 Background: State-of the art genomic analyses of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has yielded insights into signaling pathways underlying carcinogenesis. PDAC is characterized by substantial genomic heterogeneity. We aimed to determine if early-onset PDAC ( ≤ 55 yrs) displays a distinctive molecular landscape from average-age onset PDAC ( ≥ 70 yrs). Methods: Three distinct datasets of PDAC in age groups ≤ 55 and ≥ 70 years old were analyzed. In the first, patients undergoing treatment at MSKCC were consented for MSK-IMPACT (Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets) next generation sequencing. The second cohort analyzed was The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for differences in somatic mutations, gene expression and protein expression. The third dataset was the Australian cohort of PDAC (Waddell et al, Nature, 2015). Clinical data were correlated with genomic analyses. Results: One hundred and eighty-three samples were analyzed, yielding N = 56 patients (pts) aged ≤ 55 years and N = 127 pts aged ≥ 70 years. Several genes known to be associated with carcinogenesis differed in mutation frequency across age groups: SMAD4, MYC and PIK3CA displayed higher mutation rates in younger patients (p < 0.05, table below). Comprehensive analysis by cellular pathways indicated that the PI3Kpathway is further altered in the younger population. Protein expression had different patterns in younger versus older patients. Smoking was more prevalent in the early-onset group in all three cohorts (59% vs. 47%). Survival outcomes revealed no differences between the age groups. Conclusions: This exploratory analysis suggests that there may be somatic gene alterations within the population of early onset PDAC patients that involve unique cellular pathways compared with average onset PDAC. Former studies imply these cellular pathways may play a role in smoking-related PDAC carcinogenesis. Larger genomic datasets are warranted for future analysis to support this observation. [Table: see text]
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Muñoz, Mario Andrés, und Michael Kirley. „Sampling Effects on Algorithm Selection for Continuous Black-Box Optimization“. Algorithms 14, Nr. 1 (11.01.2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14010019.
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In this paper, we investigate how systemic errors due to random sampling impact on automated algorithm selection for bound-constrained, single-objective, continuous black-box optimization. We construct a machine learning-based algorithm selector, which uses exploratory landscape analysis features as inputs. We test the accuracy of the recommendations experimentally using resampling techniques and the hold-one-instance-out and hold-one-problem-out validation methods. The results demonstrate that the selector remains accurate even with sampling noise, although not without trade-offs.
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Muñoz, Mario Andrés, und Michael Kirley. „Sampling Effects on Algorithm Selection for Continuous Black-Box Optimization“. Algorithms 14, Nr. 1 (11.01.2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14010019.
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In this paper, we investigate how systemic errors due to random sampling impact on automated algorithm selection for bound-constrained, single-objective, continuous black-box optimization. We construct a machine learning-based algorithm selector, which uses exploratory landscape analysis features as inputs. We test the accuracy of the recommendations experimentally using resampling techniques and the hold-one-instance-out and hold-one-problem-out validation methods. The results demonstrate that the selector remains accurate even with sampling noise, although not without trade-offs.
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van Klyton, Aaron, Juan Fernando Tavera-Mesías und Wilson Castaño-Muñoz. „Digital local information services in developing countries: Evidence from Colombia“. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 52, Nr. 4 (26.02.2020): 1197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000620907970.
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This exploratory research identifies and investigates factors that affect the delivery of local information in a developing country. The service provider and 195 local institutions based in Medellin, Colombia collaborate through an online portal, Infolocal, constituting a local information landscape (LIL). The study implements a conceptual framework for the LIL and highlights deficiencies in traditional local information service models. A Delphi study was conducted with global experts of local information services (LIS) in order to refine the traditional Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model constructs for the Infolocal information service. Second, a survey was developed based on the revised categories (effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, organisational support, and affective commitment) and disseminated to the local institutions to assess their perceptions of the service. This data was then evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The study found that theories of technology acceptance were insufficient in explaining the disjunctions in the information landscape of this service. This study contributes to closing a gap in understanding the perceptions of LIS practice from the perspective of institutions that engage directly with citizens’ technology acceptance and use behaviour in a multilevel relationship. This article captures, compares, and analyses the disjunctions between the theoretical frameworks as espoused by experts and the practices of LIS.
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Bu, Dechao, Haitao Luo, Peipei Huo, Zhihao Wang, Shan Zhang, Zihao He, Yang Wu et al. „KOBAS-i: intelligent prioritization and exploratory visualization of biological functions for gene enrichment analysis“. Nucleic Acids Research 49, W1 (04.06.2021): W317—W325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab447.
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Abstract Gene set enrichment (GSE) analysis plays an essential role in extracting biological insight from genome-scale experiments. ORA (overrepresentation analysis), FCS (functional class scoring), and PT (pathway topology) approaches are three generations of GSE methods along the timeline of development. Previous versions of KOBAS provided services based on just the ORA method. Here we presented version 3.0 of KOBAS, which is named KOBAS-i (short for KOBAS intelligent version). It introduced a novel machine learning-based method we published earlier, CGPS, which incorporates seven FCS tools and two PT tools into a single ensemble score and intelligently prioritizes the relevant biological pathways. In addition, KOBAS has expanded the downstream exploratory visualization for selecting and understanding the enriched results. The tool constructs a novel view of cirFunMap, which presents different enriched terms and their correlations in a landscape. Finally, based on the previous version's framework, KOBAS increased the number of supported species from 1327 to 5944. For an easier local run, it also provides a prebuilt Docker image that requires no installation, as a supplementary to the source code version. KOBAS can be freely accessed at http://kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn, and a mirror site is available at http://bioinfo.org/kobas.
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Castro, Andrene J., und Wesley L. Edwards. „Innovation to what end? Exploring the dynamic landscape of Texas teacher preparation pathways“. education policy analysis archives 29 (17.05.2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.6217.
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The teacher education and preparation marketplace is a complex mix of traditional and alternative programs. Though prior studies have identified a great deal of variation across these programs, an analysis of innovation has been limited. Drawing on theories of organizational innovation, and specifically, dimensions of innovation related to organizational structure, processes, and outcomes, we conduct an exploratory study of innovation in Texas’ teacher preparation marketplace. This descriptive study of teacher preparation programs includes an analysis of state and national data across three years (2014-2017). Data also include results from a content analysis of 30 sample program websites. Although most programs met accountability requirements, we found few programs signaled innovation related to program, teacher, and workforce characteristics. Rather, we identified organizational assimilation as programs adopted similar features to remain competitive. Our analysis suggests programs should critically unpack what it means to be innovative in a dynamic and competitive teacher preparation marketplace.
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Teixeira, Susana A., Daniele B. D. Marques, Thaís C. Costa, Haniel C. Oliveira, Karine A. Costa, Eula R. Carrara, Walmir da Silva et al. „Transcription Landscape of the Early Developmental Biology in Pigs“. Animals 11, Nr. 5 (18.05.2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051443.
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Since pre- and postnatal development are programmed during early prenatal life, studies addressing the complete transcriptional landscape during organogenesis are needed. Therefore, we aimed to disentangle differentially expressed (DE) genes between fetuses (at 35 days old) and embryos (at 25 days old) through RNA-sequencing analysis using the pig as model. In total, 1705 genes were DE, including the top DE IBSP, COL6A6, HBE1, HBZ, HBB, and NEUROD6 genes, which are associated with developmental transition from embryos to fetuses, such as ossification, skeletal muscle development, extracellular matrix organization, cardiovascular system, erythrocyte differentiation, and neuronal system. In pathway analysis, embryonic development highlighted those mainly related to morphogenic signaling and cell interactions, which are crucial for transcriptional control during the establishment of the main organs in early prenatal development, while pathways related to myogenesis, neuronal development, and cardiac and striated muscle contraction were enriched for fetal development, according to the greater complexity of organs and body structures at this developmental stage. Our findings provide an exploratory and informative transcriptional landscape of pig organogenesis, which might contribute to further studies addressing specific developmental events in pigs and in other mammals.
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Bezerra, Aguinaldo, Ivanovitch Silva, Luiz Affonso Guedes, Diego Silva, Gustavo Leitão und Kaku Saito. „Extracting Value from Industrial Alarms and Events: A Data-Driven Approach Based on Exploratory Data Analysis“. Sensors 19, Nr. 12 (20.06.2019): 2772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122772.
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Alarm and event logs are an immense but latent source of knowledge commonly undervalued in industry. Though, the current massive data-exchange, high efficiency and strong competitiveness landscape, boosted by Industry 4.0 and IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) paradigms, does not accommodate such a data misuse and demands more incisive approaches when analyzing industrial data. Advances in Data Science and Big Data (or more precisely, Industrial Big Data) have been enabling novel approaches in data analysis which can be great allies in extracting hitherto hidden information from plant operation data. Coping with that, this work proposes the use of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) as a promising data-driven approach to pave industrial alarm and event analysis. This approach proved to be fully able to increase industrial perception by extracting insights and valuable information from real-world industrial data without making prior assumptions.
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Decker, Kelly LM, Ralph EJ Boerner und Sherri Jeakins Morris. „Scale-dependent patterns of soil enzyme activity in a forested landscape“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, Nr. 2 (01.02.1999): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-192.
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We evaluated the patterns of variation in the activity of four soil enzymes in oak forests soils at spatial scales from 10s of km to <3 m. The four enzymes (β-glucosidase, chitinase, phenol oxidase, and acid phosphatase) are specific for substrates that vary widely in lability or recalcitrance. Significant variations in enzyme activity were observed at the regional (among forested areas), topographic (along elevation gradients within a watershed), and single-tree (1 m upslope and downslope of an individual tree) scales, but not at the local scale (contiguous watersheds within forested areas). However, the specific patterns of variation in relation to spatial scale were unique to each enzyme system. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination of the activity of the four enzymes in each soil sample suggested a strong nutrient availability gradient underlying these spatial scale differences. Exploratory path analysis produced relatively strong predictive models based on soil nutrients, organic matter, and moisture for all the individual enzymes except phenol oxidase. However, path analysis produced an even stronger model for the activity of all four enzymes together, using the DCA axis scores as the dependent variable. The results indicate that the four enzyme systems could help resolve spatial dependencies at a range of scales and could also be used to develop a scale-independent metric to be used for regional analyses in a geographic information system environment.
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Rabiei-Dastjerdi, Hamidreza, und Gavin McArdle. „Novel Exploratory Spatiotemporal Analysis to Identify Sociospatial Patterns at Small Areas Using Property Transaction Data in Dublin“. Land 10, Nr. 6 (28.05.2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060566.
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The residential real estate market is very important because most people’s wealth is in this sector, and it is an indicator of the economy. Real estate market data in general and market transaction data, in particular, are inherently spatiotemporal as each transaction has a location and time. Therefore, exploratory spatiotemporal methods can extract unique locational and temporal insight from property transaction data, but this type of data are usually unavailable or not sufficiently geocoded to implement spatiotemporal methods. In this article, exploratory spatiotemporal methods, including a space-time cube, were used to analyze the residential real estate market at small area scale in the Dublin Metropolitan Area over the last decade. The spatial patterns show that some neighborhoods are experiencing change, including gentrification and recent development. The extracted spatiotemporal patterns from the data show different urban areas have had varying responses during national and global crises such as the economic crisis in 2008–2011, the Brexit decision in 2016, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also suggests that Dublin is experiencing intraurban displacement of residential property transactions to the west of Dublin city, and we are predicting increasing spatial inequality and segregation in the future. The findings of this innovative and exploratory data-driven approach are supported by other work in the field regarding Dublin and other international cities. The article shows that the space-time cube can be used as complementary evidence for different fields of urban studies, urban planning, urban economics, real estate valuations, intraurban analytics, and monitoring sociospatial changes at small areas, and to understand residential property transactions in cities. Moreover, the exploratory spatiotemporal analyses of data have a high potential to highlight spatial structures of the city and relevant underlying processes. The value and necessity of open access to geocoded spatiotemporal property transaction data in social research are also highlighted.
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Saleem, Sobia, Marcus Gallagher und Ian Wood. „Direct Feature Evaluation in Black-Box Optimization Using Problem Transformations“. Evolutionary Computation 27, Nr. 1 (März 2019): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00247.
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Exploratory Landscape Analysis provides sample-based methods to calculate features of black-box optimization problems in a quantitative and measurable way. Many problem features have been proposed in the literature in an attempt to provide insights into the structure of problem landscapes and to use in selecting an effective algorithm for a given optimization problem. While there has been some success, evaluating the utility of problem features in practice presents some significant challenges. Machine learning models have been employed as part of the evaluation process, but they may require additional information about the problems as well as having their own hyper-parameters, biases and experimental variability. As a result, extra layers of uncertainty and complexity are added into the experimental evaluation process, making it difficult to clearly assess the effect of the problem features. In this article, we propose a novel method for the evaluation of problem features which can be applied directly to individual or groups of features and does not require additional machine learning techniques or confounding experimental factors. The method is based on the feature's ability to detect a prior ranking of similarity in a set of problems. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) significance tests are used to determine if the feature has successfully distinguished the successive problems in the set. Based on ANOVA test results, a percentage score is assigned to each feature for different landscape characteristics. Experimental results for twelve different features on four problem transformations demonstrate the method and provide quantitative evidence about the ability of different problem features to detect specific properties of problem landscapes.
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Ojeda, Carolina G. „Visual scale and Naturalness of Roadside Vegetation Landscape. An exploratory study at Pargua Highway, Puerto Montt – Chile“. Landscape Online 58 (30.04.2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201858.
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Over the last few decades, the Chilean Government has constantly promoted the construction of private highways in order to increase the effectiveness in terms of transportation of goods and people all along the country. In this way, heavy road infrastructures, landscape fragmentation, loss of endangered animals’ habitat, loss of visual quality, and a decrease of biodiversity patches have emerged. Despite this, some greenery – native and introduced flora/fauna, natural elements, colors, lines, patterns, among others- can be partly seen in certain areas of Chilean highways. In particular, this paper focuses on the main route connecting Puerto Montt and Pargua cities in Los Lagos region.The objectives of this qualitative research are threefold. Firstly, to measure main Landscape attributes and Visual scale characteristics through a fieldwork by the roadside of Pargua highway (Alto Bonito Area) using a scale of attributes adapted from Tveit et al. (2007). Secondly, to measure the type of vegetation through an environmental inventory (phytosociological analysis). Thirdly, to measure the degree of management of the highway considering its maintenance and human intervention.Wilderness and Naturalness are scarcely observed on the roadside due to a concentrated presence of human interventions such as landfills and overpasses. The visual scale is checked in fieldwork from several scopes. On the southeast side of the road, Las Canchas Area is covered by high trees, houses, and industries which hinder the view of the natural surrounding landscape. On the right side of the road, it presents a clear skyline of Calbuco and Osorno volcanoes. Finally, any management of high quality of the visual scenery of this type of landscape from the route concessionaire is is randomly done. However, the vegetation surface itself has been working out a way to protect the land from erosion and desertification.
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Soille, P., und P. Vogt. „MORPHOLOGICAL SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS: OPEN SOURCE RELEASE“. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W1-2022 (06.08.2022): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w1-2022-427-2022.
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Abstract. The morphological segmentation of binary patterns provides an effective method for characterising spatial patterns with emphasis on connections between their parts as measured at varying analysis scales. The method is widely used for the analysis of landscape patterns such as those related to the fragmentation of forests or other natural land cover classes. This can be explained by its effectiveness at capturing the complexity of binary patterns and their connections by partitioning the foreground pixels of the corresponding binary images into mutually exclusive classes. While the principles of the method are conceptually simple, the definition of the classes relies on a series of advanced mathematical morphology operations whose actual implementation is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose an open source code for MSPA and detail its main components in the form of pseudo-code. We demonstrate its effectiveness for asynchronous processing of tera-pixel images and the synchronous exploratory analysis and rendering with Jupyter notebooks.
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Jannah, Nur. „Religiosity, money ethics, materialism, and tax evasion: An exploratory study“. JIFA (Journal of Islamic Finance and Accounting) 6, Nr. 1 (20.06.2023): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/jifa.v6i1.6650.
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Tax evasion remains a persistent concern that continues to captivate the attention of scholars and professionals alike, owing to its profound implications for a nation's economic landscape. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of money ethics, intrinsic religiosity, and extrinsic religiosity on tax evasion. Specifically, the study aims to examine the moderating effects of intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity, gender, and materialism on the relationship between money ethics and tax evasion. A purposive sampling technique is employed to select participants for this study, and primary data is collected through the direct distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The sample size consists of 100 participants. Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) is utilized as the data analysis technique. The findings of the analysis reveal that money ethics and extrinsic religiosity positively influence tax evasion, while intrinsic religiosity has a negative impact on tax evasion. Moreover, the moderating effect of intrinsic religiosity weakens the relationship between money ethics and tax evasion, whereas the moderating variables of extrinsic religiosity, gender, and materialism do not demonstrate significant effects on the relationship between money ethics and tax evasion. This research provides practical contributions to the government in understanding the reasons behind taxpayers' behavior in engaging in tax evasion.