Dissertationen zum Thema „Experimental diagnosis of drives“
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1
Mosso-Gautier, Florian. „Vers une compréhension moderne et scientifique du Diagnostic Expérimental des Pulsions“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2031.
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Le Diagnostic Expérimental des Pulsions, aussi connu comme le « Test de Szondi », est une méthode projective conçue par Léopold Szondi afin d'explorer les aspirations pulsionnelles inconscientes chez le sujet. Les aspects théorico-cliniques développés par Szondi ou ses successeurs ne sont plus à démontrer, mais il est une zone d'ombre qui est présente et qui n'a toujours pas trouvé de réponse objective, qui est la suivante : « Comment ce test fonctionne-t-il, dans une compréhension et une démarche scientifique ? ». C'est donc pour cela qu'à l'aide des outils et des moyens modernes, nous avons pu mettre à l'épreuve ce qu'il se cachait derrière ces visages, derrière ces fameux « caractères évocateurs » que nous décrivait Szondi lui-même dans son ouvrage Diagnostic Expérimental des Pulsions. Notre recherche nous a amené à étudier chaque visage sous l'angle de la reconnaissance émotionnelle, afin de comprendre l'émotion qui y est présente sur chacun d'entre-eux, pour ainsi établir des ponts théorico-empiriques satisfaisants du point de vue scientifique. Au-delà de cette reconnaissance émotionnelle de chaque visage, nous avons mis au point un modèle, que nous avons appelé la Dialectique Emotionnelle, qui est un modèle multidimensionnel permettant de rendre compte de la théorie szondienne à la lumière de sa compréhension scientifique, modèle reprenant les travaux de Szondi ainsi que ceux de ses successeurs, afin de rendre clair ce point d'obscurité qui est venu entacher la compréhension de l'oeuvre szondienne, et qui a fortement participé à ce que cette oeuvre soit presque oubliée. Dans l'objectif de comprendre toutes les facettes et la richesse de l'oeuvre szondienne, nous avons aussi réalisé certaines expérimentations relevant de la méthode des jugements libres ainsi que l'élaboration d'un protocole de cotation relevant du quantum émotionnel et non pas du quantum pulsionnel, afin d'apporter une compréhension plus fine du Diagnostic Expérimental des Pulsions et de ses possibilités.La compréhension moderne du Diagnostic Expérimental des Pulsions trouve aussi son corollaire dans l'oeuvre première szondienne, qui est l'Analyse du Destin, où il y sera proposé une réflexion croisée entre la pensée szondienne de la première moitié du XXe siècle et la pensée moderne qui vient apporter une compréhension scientifique à l'intuition szondienne, notamment au regard de l'épigénétique et de la psychogénéalogie.La clinique szondienne a aussi été mise à l'épreuve, repensée, remaniée ou augmentée d'autres tests ou pratiques (comme le Test de Rorschach, le Test de la Maison ou même la Psychoboxe), et où nous avons pu constater qu'elle se révélait d'une grande efficacité, et d'un intérêt clinique des plus intéressants mais aussi des plus pertinents.Cette thèse, dans son aspect à rendre compréhensible la théorie szondienne ainsi que la méthode projective qui la sous-tend sur des fondements scientifiques, a pour objectif de rendre hommage à une pensée féconde et toujours d'actualité, mais qui est arrivée trop tôt dans l'Histoire des sciences humainesThe Experimental Diagnosis of Drives, also known as the "Szondi Test", is a projective method created by Léopold Szondi to explore the subject's unconscious drive aspirations. The theoretical-clinical aspects developed by Szondi or his successors are no longer to be demonstrated, but there is a gray area which is present and which has still not found an objective answer, which is the following: "How does this test work, in a scientific understanding and approach? ". This is why, using modern tools and means, we were able to test what was hidden behind these faces, behind these famous "evocative characters" that Szondi himself described to us in his book Experimental Diagnosis of Drives. Our research led us to study each face from the angle of emotional recognition, in order to understand the emotion that is present on each of them, in order to establish satisfactory theoretical-empirical bridges from the scientific point of view. Beyond this emotional recognition of each face, we have developed a model, which we have called the Emotional Dialectic, which is a multidimensional model making it possible to account for the Szondian theory in the light of its scientific understanding, a model taking up the works of Szondi as well as those of his successors, in order to make clear a point of obscurity which has come to taint the understanding of the work of Szondi, and which has strongly contributed to this work being almost forgotten. With the aim of understanding all the facets and the richness of the Szondian work, we also carried out certain experiments relating to the method of free judgments as well as the development of a rating protocol relating to the emotional quantum and not the drive quantum, in order to provide a finer understanding of the Experimental Diagnosis of Drives and its possibilities.The modern understanding of the Experimental Diagnosis of Drives also finds its corollary in the first Szondian work, which is the Analysis of Destiny, where a cross-reflection between Szondian thought of the first half of the 20th century and modern thought will be proposed, which comes to bring a scientific understanding to the Szondian intuition, in particular with regard to epigenetics and psychogenealogy.The Szondian clinic has also been put to the test, redesigned or augmented with other tests or practices (such as the Rorschach Test, the House Test or even Psychoboxing), and where we have been able to see that it proved to be very effective.This thesis, in its aspect of making understandable the Szondian theory as well as the projective method which underlies it on scientific foundations, aims to pay homage to a fruitful and still current thought, but which arrived too early in the history of the human sciences
2
Stefani, Andrea <1976>. „Induction Motor Diagnosis in Variable Speed Drives“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2311/1/Stefani_Andrea_Tesi.pdf.
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Several diagnostic techniques are presented for the detection of electrical fault in induction motor variable speed drives. These techinques are developed taking into account the impact of the control system on machine variables and non stationary operating conditions.
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Stefani, Andrea <1976>. „Induction Motor Diagnosis in Variable Speed Drives“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2311/.
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Several diagnostic techniques are presented for the detection of electrical fault in induction motor variable speed drives. These techinques are developed taking into account the impact of the control system on machine variables and non stationary operating conditions.
4
Enomoto, Dorathy Ngauwlieng Hendrikje. „Scleroderma: diagnosis and experimental therapy“. [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/57061.
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Legha, Daniel. „Predictive maintenance and remote diagnosis for electro-mechanical drives of Very High Speed Trains“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS015.
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L'objectif principal de cette recherche est de mettre en œuvre des méthodes de diagnostic prédictif et à distance pour les systèmes d'accessibilité du train, qui sont entraînés par des moteurs à courant continu. Ces systèmes sont les suivants : Les portes intérieures, le gap filler, la porte d'accès des passagers et l'ascenseur. La recherche aborde de multiples équations de maintenance prédictive et de télédiagnostic, telles que : Test de la tension de la courroie, pour tous les types de portes intérieures. Le bon état de la butée d'ouverture de la porte, pour tous les types de portes intérieures. Signature du bon fonctionnement des portes intérieures, à l'aide des signaux enregistrés dans le Big Data, tels que le courant et la tension du moteur, la position de la porte, la vitesse, les capteurs de position, la durée des cycles et d'autres informations contextuelles enregistrées sur le sous-système. Signature du bon fonctionnement du Gap Filler, qui a les mêmes objectifs que la signature du bon fonctionnement des portes intérieures. En ce qui concerne l'aspect théorique, la recherche vise à identifier un ensemble de modes de défaillance sélectionnés sur la base des signaux suivants : Courant du moteur, tension du moteur, position du moteur, vitesse du moteur, capteurs de position et données contextuelles telles que la température, l'inclinaison... La recherche vise à étudier les signaux en régime transitoire et non transitoire, avec et sans capteurs de position dans certains cas, avec une ingénierie des caractéristiques basée sur le domaine temporel, le domaine fréquentiel et le temps-fréquence. En outre, la recherche aborde les techniques d'apprentissage automatique pour la classification des données et des défaillances. L'objectif principal est de travailler sur des techniques basées sur le signal, et si possible, des recherches supplémentaires seront effectuées en utilisant des techniques basées sur le modèleThe main objective of this research is to implement predictive and remote diagnosis solutions for the train’s accessibility systems, which are driven by direct current motors. And these systems are the Internal Doors, the Gap Filler, the Passengers’ Access Door, and the Lift. The research tackles multiple predictive maintenance and remote diagnosis equations, such as: Test of the belt tension, for all the types of Internal Doors. The good condition of the door open stopper, for all types of Internal Doors. Signature of proper operation of Internal Doors, using the Big Data recorded signals such as the motor current, motor voltage, door position, speed, position sensors, cycles’ timings, and other contextual information recorded on the subsystem. Signature of proper operation of Gap Filler, which has the same objectives as the signature of proper operation of Internal Doors...Regarding the academic side, the research aims to identify a set of selected failure modes based on the following signals: Motor current, Motor Voltage, Motor position, Motor speed, Position sensors, and contextual data such as the temperature, the cant/tilt... The research aims to study the signals intransient and non-transient regimes, with and without position sensors in some cases, with features engineering based on the time domain, the frequency domain, and time-frequency. Furthermore, the research tackles Machine Learning techniques for data/failure classification. The main objective is to work on signal-based techniques, and if possible, additional investigation will be done using model-based techniques
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Gritli, Yasser <1975>. „Diagnosis and Fault detection in Electrical Machines and Drives based on Advanced Signal Processing Techniques“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6238/1/these-YASSER.pdf.
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In the present thesis, a new methodology of diagnosis based on advanced use of time-frequency technique analysis is presented. More precisely, a new fault index that allows tracking individual fault components in a single frequency band is defined. More in detail, a frequency sliding is applied to the signals being analyzed (currents, voltages, vibration signals), so that each single fault frequency component is shifted into a prefixed single frequency band. Then, the discrete Wavelet Transform is applied to the resulting signal to extract the fault signature in the frequency band that has been chosen. Once the state of the machine has been qualitatively diagnosed, a quantitative evaluation of the fault degree is necessary. For this purpose, a fault index based on the energy calculation of approximation and/or detail signals resulting from wavelet decomposition has been introduced to quantify the fault extend. The main advantages of the developed new method over existing Diagnosis techniques are the following:
- Capability of monitoring the fault evolution continuously over time under any transient operating condition;
- Speed/slip measurement or estimation is not required;
- Higher accuracy in filtering frequency components around the fundamental in case of rotor faults;
- Reduction in the likelihood of false indications by avoiding confusion with other fault harmonics (the contribution of the most relevant fault frequency components under speed-varying conditions are clamped in a single frequency band);
- Low memory requirement due to low sampling frequency;
- Reduction in the latency of time processing (no requirement of repeated sampling operation).
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Gritli, Yasser <1975>. „Diagnosis and Fault detection in Electrical Machines and Drives based on Advanced Signal Processing Techniques“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6238/.
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In the present thesis, a new methodology of diagnosis based on advanced use of time-frequency technique analysis is presented. More precisely, a new fault index that allows tracking individual fault components in a single frequency band is defined. More in detail, a frequency sliding is applied to the signals being analyzed (currents, voltages, vibration signals), so that each single fault frequency component is shifted into a prefixed single frequency band. Then, the discrete Wavelet Transform is applied to the resulting signal to extract the fault signature in the frequency band that has been chosen. Once the state of the machine has been qualitatively diagnosed, a quantitative evaluation of the fault degree is necessary. For this purpose, a fault index based on the energy calculation of approximation and/or detail signals resulting from wavelet decomposition has been introduced to quantify the fault extend. The main advantages of the developed new method over existing Diagnosis techniques are the following:
- Capability of monitoring the fault evolution continuously over time under any transient operating condition;
- Speed/slip measurement or estimation is not required;
- Higher accuracy in filtering frequency components around the fundamental in case of rotor faults;
- Reduction in the likelihood of false indications by avoiding confusion with other fault harmonics (the contribution of the most relevant fault frequency components under speed-varying conditions are clamped in a single frequency band);
- Low memory requirement due to low sampling frequency;
- Reduction in the latency of time processing (no requirement of repeated sampling operation).
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Salehifar, Mehdi. „Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of multiphase voltage source converters for application in traction drives“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277469.
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There is an increasing demand for vehicles with less environmental impact and higher fuel efficiency. To meet these requirements, the transportation electrification has been introduced in both academia and industry during last years. Electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid Electric vehicle (HEV) are two practical examples in transportation systems.
The typical power train in the EVs consists of three main parts including energy source, power electronics and an electrical motor. Regarding the machine, permanent magnet (PM) motors are the dominant choice for light duty hybrid vehicles in industry due to their higher efficiency and power density.
In order to operate the power train, the electrical machine can be supplied and controlled by a voltage source inverter (VSI). The converter is subjected to various fault types. According to the statistics, 38% of faults in a motor drive are due to the power converter. On the other side, the electrical power train should meet a high level of reliability.
Multiphase PM machines can meet the reliability requirements due to their fault-tolerant characteristics. The machine can still be operational with faults in multiple phases. Consequently, to realize a multiphase fault-tolerant motor drive, three main concepts should be developed including fault detection (FD), fault isolation and fault-tolerant control. This PhD thesis is therefore focused on FD and fault-tolerant control of a multiphase VSI.
To achieve this research goal, the presented FD and control methods of the power converter are thoroughly investigated through literature review. Following that, the operational condition of the multiphase converter supplying the electrical machine is studied.
Regarding FD methods in multiphase, three new algorithms are presented in this thesis. These proposed FD methods are also embedded in new fault-tolerant control algorithms. At the first step, a novel model based FD method is proposed to detect multiple open switch faults. This FD method is included in the developed adaptive proportional resonant control algorithm of the power converter. At the second step, two signal based FD methods are proposed. Fault-tolerant control of the power converter with the conventional PI controller is discussed. Furthermore, the theory of SMC is developed. At the last step, finite control set (FCS) model predictive control (MPC) of the five-phase brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is discussed for the first time in this thesis. A simple FD method is derived from the control signals. Inputs to all developed methods are the five-phase currents of the motor.
The theory of each method is explained and compared with available methods. To validate the developed theory at each part, FD algorithm is embedded in the fault-tolerant control algorithm. Experimental results are conducted on a five-phase BLDC motor drive. The electrical motor used in the experimental results has an in-wheel outer rotor structure. This motor is suitable for electric vehicles. At the end of each part, the remarkable points and conclusions are presentedHay una creciente demanda de vehículos con menor impacto ambiental y una mayor eficiencia de combustible. Para cumplir estos requisitos, la electrificación del transporte se ha introducido en la academia y la industria en los últimos años. Vehículos eléctricos y vehículos eléctricos híbridos son dos ejemplos prácticos en los sistemas de transporte. El tren de potencia típico en los vehículos eléctricos se compone de tres partes principales, incluyendo la fuente de energía, la electrónica de potencia y un motor eléctrico. En cuanto a la máquina, de imán permanente motores son la opción dominante para vehículos híbridos ligeros en la industria debido a su mayor eficiencia y densidad de potencia. Con el fin de operar el tren de potencia, la máquina eléctrica se puede suministrar y controlado por un inversor de fuente de tensión. El convertidor se somete a diversos tipos de fallos. Según las estadísticas, 38 % de las fallas en un motor se deben al convertidor de potencia. Por otro lado, el tren de potencia eléctrica debe cumplir con un alto nivel de fiabilidad. Máquinas multifase PM pueden cumplir con los requisitos de fiabilidad debido a sus características de tolerancia a fallos. La máquina puede seguir siendo operativo con fallas en múltiples fases. En consecuencia, para realizar una unidad de motor de alta disponibilidad de múltiples fases, tres conceptos principales deben desarrollarse incluyendo la detección de fallos, el aislamiento de fallas y control tolerante a fallos. Por tanto, esta tesis doctoral se centra en la FD y control tolerante a fallos de un VSI multifase. Para lograr este objetivo la investigación, los productos alimenticios y bebidas y métodos de control que se presentan del convertidor de potencia se investigan a fondo a través de revisión de la literatura. Después de eso, se estudió la condición operativa del convertidor de múltiples el suministro de la máquina eléctrica. En cuanto a los métodos de FD en múltiples fases, tres nuevos algoritmos se presentan en esta tesis. Estos métodos FD propuestas también están integrados en los nuevos algoritmos de control con tolerancia a fallos. En el primer paso, se propone un método FD modelo novela basada detectar fallas múltiples del interruptor abierto. Este método FD está incluido en el algoritmo de control adaptativo desarrollado proporcional resonante del convertidor de potencia. En el segundo paso, se proponen dos métodos FD señal basada. Se discute el control tolerante a fallos del convertidor de potencia con el controlador PI convencional. Además, la teoría de la SMC se desarrolla. En el último paso, el control conjunto finito modelo de control predictivo del motor de cinco fases sin escobillas de corriente continua se discutió por primera vez en esta tesis. Un método FD sencilla se deriva de las señales de control. Las entradas a todos los métodos desarrollados son las corrientes de cinco de fase del motor. La teoría de cada método se explica y se compara con los métodos disponibles. Para validar la teoría desarrollada en cada parte, FD algoritmo está incorporado en el algoritmo de control tolerante a fallos. Los resultados experimentales se llevan a cabo en una unidad de motor BLDC de cinco fases. El motor eléctrico usado en los resultados experimentales tiene una estructura de rotor exterior en las cuatro ruedas. Este motor es adecuado para los vehículos eléctricos. Al final de cada parte, se presentan los puntos notables y conclusiones
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Awadallah, Mohamed Abdel-Azim Mohamed. „Automatic fault diagnosis and location in CSI-fed brushless DC motor drives using Neuro-Fuzzy Systems /“. Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Alemany, Ripoll Montserrat. „MRI Diagnosis of Intracranial Hemorrhage : Experimental and Clinical Studies“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3333.
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The purpose of this work was to improve the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage with MRI, using, among others, T2*-w GE sequences. Various sequences were tested in rabbits at two magnetic field strengths. Then, the most effective technique was applied to stroke patients.
Experimental studies: The MR detectability of small experimental haematomas in the brain and of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces of 30 rabbits was evaluated. MRI examinations were performed at determined intervals. The last MR images were compared to formalin fixed brain sections and, in 16 rabbits, also to the histological findings. T2*-weighted GE sequences revealed all the intraparenchymal haematomas at 1.5 T, appearing strongly hypointense. Their signal patterns remained unchanged during the follow-up. Blood in the CSF spaces was best detected at 1.5T with T2*-weighted GE sequences during the first 2 days. FLAIR and SE sequences were rather insensitive.
Clinical studies: MR examinations were performed at 1.5T, including T1- and T2-w SE, FLAIR and T2*-w GE sequences. In the first clinical study, 66 intraparenchymal hematomas (IPH) of different sizes and ages were examined. T2*-w GE sequence was the most sensitive. On all the sequences, we found a big variety of signal patterns, without a clear relationship to the age of the hematomas.
In a second clinical study, MR examinations were performed to 83 patients with acute stroke: 43 presented acute IPH and 40 were used as controls. Old microhemorrhages (OMHs) were found in 60% of the patients with IPH, and in 15% of the controls.
Conclusion: T2*-weighted GE sequences are capable of revealing very small intraparenchymal hemorrhages at any stage, and blood in CSF spaces during at least the first 2 days. The age of IPHs cannot reliably be estimated with MRI. We have found a correlation between the presence of OMHs and acute intraparenchymal hematomas.
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Caliskan, Hakan. „Modeling And Experimental Evaluation Of Variable Speed Pump And Valve Controlled Hydraulic Servo Drives“. Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611090/index.pdf.
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In this thesis study, a valveless hydraulic servo system controlled by two
pumps is investigated and its performance characteristics are compared with a
conventional valve controlled system both experimentally and analytically. The
two control techniques are applied on the position control of a single rod linear
actuator. In the valve controlled system, the flow rate through the actuator is
regulated with a servovalvewhereas in the pump controlled system, two variable speed pumps driven by servomotors regulate the flow rate according to the needs of the system, thus eliminating the valve losses. To understand the dynamic behaviors of two systems, the order of the differential equations defining the system dynamics of the both systems are reduced by using the fact that the dynamic pressure changes in the hydraulic cylinder chambers become linearly dependent on leakage coefficients and cylinder chamber volumes above and below some prescribed cut off frequencies. Thus the open loop speed response of the pump controlled and valve controlled systems are defined by v second order transfer functions. The two systems are modeled in MATLAB Simulink environment and the assumptions are validated. For the position control of the single rod hydraulic actuator, a linear state feedback control scheme is applied. Its state feedback gains are determined by using the linear and linearized reduced order dynamic system equations. A linear Kalman filter for pump controlled system and an unscented Kalman filter for valve controlled system are designed for estimation and filtering purposes. The dynamic performances of both systems are investigated on an experimental test set up developed by conducting open loop and closed loop frequency response and step response tests. MATLAB Real Time Windows Target (RTWT) module is used in the tests for application purposes.
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Carn, Vanessa Mary. „The experimental transmission and diagnosis of lumpy skin disease (Neethling)“. Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239727.
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Lindström, Per. „Diabetic neuropathy : clinical and experimental studies /“. Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971003lind.
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Halilovic, Amer. „Experimental Transient Behaviour Characterisation of Induction Motor fed by Variable Frequency Drives for Pump Applications“. Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157319.
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The use of variable frequency drives in centrifugal pump applications has raised the question of how to select a drive. Clogging obstacles in waste water applications create unknown transient loads for the pump system. A sudden load increase occurrence can clog the pump if the drive cannot supply enough current to reach the motor’s torque demand. In order to select a suitable drive, an empirical approach has been implemented, investigating three different drives. Results have shown that selecting a drive with the highest possible overload capabilities, even if for a short time is most suitable. Operation in vector speed control gives the most reliable operation if an automatic parameter tuning is performed by the drive.Användningen av frekvensomriktare i centrifugalpumpar har väckt fr ågan om hur en omriktare skall väljas. Igensättande objekt i avloppsvatten kan ge upphov till transienta laster i pumpsystemen. En oförutsedd lastökning kan sätta igen pumpen om frekvensomriktaren inte kan förse motorn tillräckligt med ström för att möta momentbehovet. För att välja en lämplig omriktare har ett empiriskt tillvägag ångssätt valts i en undersökning av tre olika omriktare. Resultat har visat att det är lämpligast att välja en omriktare med högst överbelastningskapacitet, även om under en kort tid. Vektor hastighetskontroll är metoden som ger stabil körning om omriktaren f ått automatiskt ställa in motorparametrarna.
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Stenman, Katarina. „Prostate Cancer Diagnosis : experimental and Clinical Studies With HRMAS NMR Spectroscopy“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43651.
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A few abnormal cells found in a small piece of prostate tissue are most consequential for a man’s future. The prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing globally. The main instigating factor for this cancer is not yet known, but it appears to be the consequence of many variables such as an increasingly older population, more frequent PSA-testing, and factors involving lifestyle. Prostate cancer screening, as an equivalent for breast cancer screening, has been suggested but unfortunately there are no accurate diagnostic tools available for this type of screening. The reason for this is simply that the prostate is one of the most difficult organs to diagnose and, consequently, PCa screening would generate far too many false-positive and false-negative results. The prostate is not easily accessible as it is deeply-seated in the male pelvic area, wrapped around the urethra and surrounded by sensitive vital organs. Furthermore, PCa is frequently multi-focal, and the cancer cells have a tendency of assimilating among normal cells and, thus, do not always form solid lumps. Therefore, prostate tumors are often not felt by digital rectal examination (DRE) or identified by imaging. The PSA-test is not reliable as it is more prostate-specific than cancer-specific. Due to increasing prostate awareness, more early-stage and locally confined PCa are being detected. This is saving lives, although there is a high risk of over treatment and unnecessary side-effects. The increased detection of PCa requires sophisticated diagnostic methods and highly skilled clinicians who can discern between indolent and aggressive cancers. The current “gold-standard” for PCa diagnosis is biopsy grading by pathologists using the Gleason score system, which is a difficult task. Therefore, innovative methods to improve the precision of prostate diagnosis, by increased biopsy sensitivity and tumor localization, are of essence. In light of these difficulties, the metabolomic approach using 1D and 2D high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy combined with histopathology on intact prostatectomy specimens was evaluated in this research project. The non-destructive nature of HRMAS NMR enables spectroscopic analysis of intact tissue samples with consecutive histological examinations under light microscope. Metabolomics aids in the unraveling and the discovery of organ-specific endogenous metabolites that have the potential to be reliable indicators of organ function and viability, extrinsic and intrinsic perturbations, as well as valuable markers for treatment response. The results may, therefore, be applied clinically to characterize an organ by utilizing biomarkers that have the capacity to distinguish between disease and health. The aim was to characterize the human and the rat prostate in terms of its intermediary metabolism, which I show here to differ between species and anatomical regions. Furthermore, the aim is to seek the verification of HRMAS NMR derived metabolites which are known to be a part of the prostate metabolome such as, citrate, choline, and the polyamines which were performed, but also the identification of metabolites not previously identified as part of the local prostate metabolism, such as Omega-6, which was detected in tumors. The extended aim was to elucidate novel bio-markers with clinical potential. In this study, the common phyto-nutrient, inositol, which appears to possess protective properties, was identified as being a potentially important PCa bio-marker for the distinction between the more indolent Gleason score 6 and the more aggressive Gleason score 7 in non-malignant prostate tissues with tumors elsewhere in the organ. Further studies in this area of PCa research are therefore warranted.
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PORCU, ELENA PIERA. „Development of novel platforms for diagnosis and therapy in experimental medicine“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1215981.
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Tan, Dagang. „X-ray intensity and spectrum : theoretical deduction and experimental measurements“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335048.
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Formulas for predicting the absolute X-ray intensity spectra from both Bremsstrahlung and K characteristic X-rays have been developed. These formulas cover a wide range of target materials and target geometry conditions (incident and emission angle) and tube voltage range from 20 to 200kV. For the Bremsstrahlung Intensity Spectrum:vskip 3.5cm Where U tube voltage(kV); J tube current(mA); n&61 1.6; P &61 1.08x10-6(A/Z2.5;k{s} &61 0.32; k &61 K{m}Z2/A; K = k3/511. The theoretical value of K{m} is 4.73x1014keV/mAs.sr.keV. For a Fluency with a Total Filtration of d{Al} g/cm2 Al: F(E)dE = I(E)E{-1}e{-μAldAl}dEphotons/keV.mAs.sr. This formula can be used at various incident angles (θi) andemission anglesfor different target material (A, Z, μ) for U from 20-200kV. The angular distribution f(θ) (defined = 1 when θ = 90^o and varies with U) requires definition by experimental measurements. According to this formula the Photon Fluency spectra at different tube voltages, different target angles and different emission directions are calculated and illustrated as spectral curves. There is a good agreement between the formula results and spectra measured by other authors. For K-Characteristic X-ray fluency:vskip 1.5cm Where n&61 1.61; P &61 1.08x10^-6(A/Z)^2.5; k is a factor of 1.0-2.5, which represents the effective depth of K photo production and increases with Z; θ{i} and θ_{r} the electron incident and X-ray emission angles; Ψ(θ_{i}) &61 cos(7.89x10^-4θ2.6_i) an empirical angle function; N(E_{i}) the fluency of E_{i} characteristic X rays per mAs per solid angle; E_{k} the binding energy of the K sell; F_k the efficiency constant depends on Z; f(E_{i} the fractional emission of the E_{i} characteristic X rays; J the tube current; U the tube voltage. The recommended value of F_Kα, based on measured data, is 3.8-4.7x10^11photon/mAs.sr for values of Z from 25 to 50. The relationship between the target attentuation factor and different target materials, angles and voltages are discussed. This formula can be used at much wider situations and has good agreement with the measured data.
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Rix, Arnold Johan. „Design, comparison and experimental evaluation of non-overlap winding radial flux permanent magnet hub drives for electric vehicles“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6638.
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Thesis (PhD (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this thesis is on the optimal design, control and evaluation of 3-phase permanent magnet radial flux synchronous machines with non-overlapping, concentrated-coil, double layer stator windings for EV hub drive applications. A simple analytical method is developed that can be used as a first design tool. The method uses and predicts the MMF harmonic content for a certain pole-slot combination as well as the harmonic content for the air gap permeance function. These harmonics are then used to calculate the torque and torque ripple of machines with large stator slot openings and surface mounted permanent magnets. A different approach to calculate the iron, stator copper eddy current and magnet losses is presented. This method specifically looks at the machine during field weakening operation when the flux paths are changing in the machine. Flux density information throughout the machine is extracted from a series of static FE solutions, to calculate the losses and to combine this with an empirical formula. Some machine topology choices are compared for use as hub drives in small electric ve- hicles. The parameters that influence the machine design are discussed and evaluated after a multidimensional design optimization is done and an efficient control algorithm is imple- mented. The algorithm works through the entire operating speed range and make use of, automatically generated, 2D look up tables to determine the correct current reference. A stator lamination design is proposed, that combines the use of rectangular preformed coils and semi-closed stator slots. Two prototype machines, one with a good winding factor and the other with a low winding factor, are built and compared. The manufacturing and testing of the two prototype machines are described and shown in detail.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie tesis is op die optimale ontwerp, beheer en evaluasie van 3-fase per- manent magneet radiale vloed sinchroon masjiene met nie-oorvleuelende, gekonsentreerde, dubbel laag stator wikkelinge vir EV hub motor toepassings. ’n Eenvoudige analitiese metode is ontwikkel wat as ’n eerste ontwerp gereedskap stuk gebruik kan word. Die metode gebruik en voorspel die MMF se frekwensie inhoud vir ’n sekere pool-gleuf kombinasie sowel as die frekwensie inhoud vir die lug spleet permeansie funksie. Hierdie frekwensie inhoud word dan gebruik om die draaimoment en draaimoment riffel van masjiene met groot stator gleuf openinge en oppervlak magnete te voorspel. ’n Ander benadering om yster, stator koper werwel stroom en magneet verliese te bepaal word voorgestel. Hierdie metode kyk spesifiek na masjiene onder veld verswakking beheer wanneer die vloed paaie verander vanaf die normale. Die vloeddigtheid, regdeur die masjien, word verkry deur om van ’n reeks statiese eindige element oplossings gebruik te maak en dit te kombineer met ’n empiriese verliesberekening. Die parameters wat die masjienontwerp beïnvloed, word bespreek en geëvalueer na ’n mul- tidimensionele ontwerp optimering gedoen is en ’n effektiewe beheer algoritme geïmplimen- teer is. Die algoritme werk vir enige spoed en is gebaseer op die outomaties gegenereerde 2D opsoek tabelle wat die korrekte stroomverwysing gee. ’n Stator laminasie ontwerp word voorgestel wat die gebruik van vooraf vervaardigde spoele en gedeeltelik toe stator gleuwe moontlik maak. Twee prototipe masjiene, een met ’n goeie windingsfaktor en een met ’n swakker windingsfaktor is gebou en vergelyk. Die ver- vaardiging en toetsing van die twee prototipe masjiene word in detail beskryf en gewys.
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Wu, Xingchen. „Multiple sclerosis : MRI diagnosis, potential treatment and future potential for nanoparticle applications /“. Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-515-1/.
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Lythgoe, Mark Francis. „Studies of experimental cerebral ischaemia using magnetic resonance imaging and autoradiography“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300464.
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Wongsathein, Dilok. „Factors affecting experimental Streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/10375.
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Streptococcus agalactiae infection is one of the major disease problems affecting farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worldwide. Tilapia are highly susceptible to this disease which results in mortality of up to 70% over a period of around 7 days and significant economic losses for farmers. Affected tilapia commonly present with an irregular behaviour associated with meningoencephalitis and septicaemia. Currently, factors affecting the virulence and transmission of S. agalactiae in fish including tilapia are poorly understood. Reports from natural outbreaks of S. agalactiae infection on tilapia farms have suggested larvae and juvenile or fish smaller than 20 g are not susceptible. In addition, there is variability in individual response to experimental inflammatory challenge associated with coping styles (bold, shy) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The central hypotheses of this thesis were that weight, age and coping style might affect the development and progression of this bacterial disease. This study investigated these three factors with experimental S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. A range of bacterial isolates recovered from farmed tilapia, presenting with clinical sign of streptococcosis during natural disease outbreaks were identified and characterised as S. agalactiae by standard conventional methods, biochemical characteristic tests, Lancefield serogrouping and species-specific PCR assay. These isolates were Gram-positive cocci, either β- or non-haemolytic (γ), non-motile, oxidase negative and all of serogroup B. In addition, they were able to grow on Edwards medium (modified) agar as blue colonies and growth was observed in broth from 22 to 37 oC and with 0.5-5% NaCl. The biochemical profiles showed some differences in reactions while all the PCR samples showed similarities to the S. agalactiae type strain. These data confirmed that these strains were identified as group B S. agalactiae. A challenge model for S. agalactiae in Nile tilapia was developed and the LD50 estimated prior to performing subsequent experimental challenge studies. Two exposure routes, immersion and intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), were tested with various concentrations of S. agalactiae. Only i.p. injection produced significant mortalities (9 × 108 CFU/ml = 48% mortality, 9 × 107 = 48% and 8 × 106 = 26%). Streptococcus agalactiae was recovered and identified from all the dead and moribund fish during these experiments, where affected fish showed similar clinical signs and pathology to those reported from natural S. agalactiae infections. The study results showed that an experimental i.p. challenge model for S. agalactiae infection had successfully infected healthy Nile tilapia. In the immersion challenges, only 1 fish died despite testing a range of bacterial concentrations, exposure times, stocking density, water system and bacterial preparations. The experimental studies were conducted to investigate the association between weight or age of fish and susceptibility to S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. This was performed under experimental conditions including control groups and a single population of 8 months old fish from one set of parents divided into 7 weight categories. These fish received a single i.p. injection of 6 × 107 CFU/ml of S. agalactiae. Controls and fish of 4 or 8 months old with a mean weight of 5 g received an i.p. injection of 7 × 107 CFU/ml of S. agalactiae. Clinical signs, lesions and histopathological changes in the affected fish were consistent with those reported in natural infection. Streptococcus agalactiae was recovered and identified from all moribund or dead fish. The mortality in the study of different weights varied from 0 to 33% between the groups but the association with weight was weak (R2 = 0.02). In the study of different ages the 4 months old fish group had a total mortality of 24%, and the 8 months old fish group a total mortality of 4%. This study produced no evidence for an association between the weight and susceptibility to S. agalactiae infection but suggested an association between the age or growth rate of fish and this disease. Different coping styles and susceptibility to S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia was examined. Fish were screened and scored depending on their risk-taking behavioural responses to a range of different environmental conditions. Individual differences in behavioural responses were evident but only consistent across behavioural trials for some individuals. A selection of fish with consistent responses across trials was exposed to the 6 × 107 CFU/ml of S. agalactiae by i.p. injection. Fewer bold than shy fish died suggesting that the bold fish might be less susceptible to the infection than shy fish. In conclusion, this study characterised a number of S. agalactiae isolates and developed an experimental bacterial challenge model. Subsequent experiments suggested that age (or growth rate) and coping style in fish but not the fish weight may affect susceptibility to S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia.
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Oivanen, Leena. „Endemic trichinellosis - experimental and epidemiological studies /“. Helsinki : University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, 2005. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/ela/perus/vk/oivanen/endemict.pdf.
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Vaisseau, Xavier. „Experimental study of fast electron transport in dense plasmas“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0432/document.
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Cette thèse se place dans le contexte de la fusion thermonucléaire pour la production d’énergie, dans le cadre de l’allumage rapide par faisceaux d’électrons chauds. Le travail présenté a pour but de caractériser la source de faisceaux d’électrons rapides, accélérés par lasers intenses (1019≠1020 W/cm2), et leur propagation dans des plasmas denses aussi bien à l’état solide quecomprimé.La première étude présentée avait pour but d’étudier la propagation d’électrons rapides, caractérisés par une densité de courant > 1011 A/cm2, dans des cibles d’aluminium chauffées à la température de Fermi par un choc plan contra-propagatif, qui les comprimait à deux fois la densité du solide. La géométrie de compression plane nous a permis de dissocier les pertesd’énergie dues aux effets résistifs et collisionnels, en comparant des cibles solides et comprimées de masses surfaciques identiques. Nous avons observé pour la première fois une augmentation des pertes d’énergie d’origine résistive dans les échantillons chauffés. La confrontation des données expérimentales avec les simulations, incluant une caractérisation complète de la source électronique, de l’état de compression des cibles et du transport d’électrons, a permis d’étudier l’évolution temporelle de la résistivité du matériau. Elle a notamment permis d’estimer que le pouvoir d’arrêt résistif dans les cibles tièdes et denses est d’amplitude comparable au pouvoir d’arrêt collisionnel.Dans la deuxième étude, nous avons analysé l’accélération et le transport d’électrons rapides produits lors de l’interaction d’un laser à haut contraste avec un cône de cuivre, enchâssé dans un bloc de carbone, et comprimé par un choc plan contra-propagatif. Un système d’imagerie X a permis de visualiser le couplage entre le faisceau laser intense et le cône à différents instants de la compression. Ce diagnostic, donnant accès à la distribution spatiale du faisceau d’électrons chauds, a montré une génération d’électrons dans tout le volume du cône pour des temps supérieurs au temps de débouché de choc au niveau de la pointe. Pour des temps antérieurs, l’interaction se produit à haut contraste, la source est restreinte au niveau de la pointe du cône, et la propagation collimatée des électrons vers l’intérieur de la cible est assurée par les champs magnétiques auto-générés. Ces conclusions ont été obtenues en confrontant les données expérimentales aux simulations.Une caractérisation hydrodynamique de la compression par choc de la cible a été effectuée à l’aide d’une technique de radiographie X, permettant de visualiser la propagation du front de choc dans la cible, sa collision avec la pointe du cône et son glissement le long des parois. Les mesures sont en accord avec des simulations hydrodynamiquesThe framework of this PhD thesis is the inertial confinement fusion for energy production, in the context of the electron fast ignition scheme. The work consists in a characterization of the transport mechanisms of fast electrons, driven by intense laser pulses (1019 ≠ 1020 W/cm2) inboth cold-solid and warm-dense matter.The first goal was to study the propagation of a fast electron beam, characterized by a current density > 1011 A/cm2, in aluminum targets initially heated close to the Fermi temperature by a counter-propagative planar shock. The planar compression geometry allowed us to discriminate the energy losses due to the resistive mechanisms from collisional ones by comparing solid and compressed targets of the same initial areal densities. We observed for the first time a significant increase of resistive energy losses in heated aluminum samples. The confrontation of the experimental data with the simulations, including a complete characterization of the electron source, of the target compression and of the fast electron transport, allowed us to study the time-evolution of the material resistivity. The estimated resistive electron stopping power in a warm-compressed target is of the same order as the collisional one.We studied the transport of the fast electrons generated in the interaction of a high-contrast laser pulse with a hollow copper cone, buried into a carbon layer, compressed by a counterpropagative planar shock. A X-ray imaging system allowed us to visualize the coupling of thelaser pulse with the cone at different moments of the compression. This diagnostic, giving access to the fast electron spatial distribution, showed a fast electron generation in the entire volume of the cone for late times of compression, after shock breakout from the inner cone tip. For earlier times, the interaction at a high-contrast ensured that the source was contained within the cone tip, and the fast electron beam was collimated into the target depth by self-generated magnetic fields. These conclusions were obtained by a confrontation of experimental data to simulation results.The hydrodynamic characterization of the shock-induced target compression was performed using a X-ray point projection radiography technique, allowing to visualize a propagation of the shock front into the target, its collision with the cone tip and its subsequent sliding along the cone walls. The measurements are in agreement with hydrodynamic simulations
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Ashtekar, Koustubh D. „Guidewire Flow Obstruction Effect on Diagnosis of Coronary Lesion Severity: In-Vitro Experimental and Numerical Study“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1163376181.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Advisor: Dr. Rupak K. Banerjee. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 15, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Coronary stenosis; guidewire; diagnosis; FFR; CFR; Steady and pulsatile flow; Pressure drop coefficient; Diffuser performance coefficient. Includes bibliographical references.
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Piironen, Anneli. „High-field magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases : an experimental and clinical study“. Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/piironen/.
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Meinguet, Fabien. „Fault-tolerant permanent-magnet synchronous machine drives: fault detection and isolation, control reconfiguration and design considerations“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209757.
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The need for efficiency, reliability and continuous operation has lead over the years to the development of fault-tolerant electrical drives for various industrial purposes and for transport applications. Permanent-magnet synchronous machines have also been gaining interest due to their high torque-to-mass ratio and high efficiency, which make them a very good candidate to reduce the weight and volume of the equipment.In this work, a multidisciplinary approach for the design of fault-tolerant permanent-magnet synchronous machine drives is presented.
The drive components are described, including the electrical machine, the IGBT-based two-level inverter, the capacitors, the sensors, the controller, the electrical source and interfaces. A literature review of the failure mechanisms and of the reliability model of most of these components is performed. This allows understanding how to take benefit of the redundancy generally introduced in fault-tolerant systems.
A necessary step towards fault tolerance is the modelling of the electrical drive, both in healthy and faulty operations. A general model of multi-phase machines (with a number of phases equal to or larger than three) and associated converters is proposed. Next, control algorithms for multi-phase machines are derived. The impact of a closed-loop controller upon the occurrence of faults is also examined through simulation analysis and verified by experimental results.
Condition monitoring of electrical machines has expanded these last decades. New techniques relying on various measurements have emerged, which allow a better planning of maintenance operations and an optimization of the uptime of electrical machines. Regarding drives, a number of sensors are inherently present for control and basic protection functions. The utilization of these sensors for advanced condition monitoring is thus particularly interesting since they are available at no cost.
A novel fault detection and isolation scheme based on the available measurements (phase currents, DC-link voltage and mechanical position) is developed and validated experimentally. Change-detection algorithms are used for this purpose. Special attention is paid to sensor faults as well, what avoids diagnosis errors.
Fault-tolerant control can be implemented with passive and active approaches. The former consists in deriving a control scheme that gives acceptable performance for all operating conditions, including faulty conditions. The latter consists in applying dedicated solutions upon the occurrence of faults, i.e. by reconfiguring the control. Both approaches are investigated and implemented.
Finally, design considerations are discussed throughout the thesis. The advantages and drawbacks of various topologies are analyzed, which eventually leads to the design of a five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet synchronous machine.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Setia, Ronald. „Modeling and Diagnosis of Excimer Laser Ablation“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7634.
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Recent advances in the miniaturization, functionality, and integration of integrated circuits and packages, such as the system-on-package (SOP) methodology, require increasing use of microvias that generates vertical signal paths in a high-density multilayer substrate. A scanning projection excimer laser system has been utilized to fabricate the microvias. In this thesis, a novel technique implementing statistical experimental design and neural networks (NNs) is used to characterize and model the excimer laser ablation process for microvia formation. Vias with diameters from 10 50 micrometer have been ablated in DuPont Kapton(r) E polyimide using an Anvik HexScan(tm) 2150 SXE pulsed excimer laser operating at 308 nm. Accurate NN models, developed from experimental data, are obtained for microvia responses, including ablated thickness, via diameter, wall angle, and resistance. Subsequent to modeling, NNs and genetic algorithms (GAs) are utilized to generate optimal process recipes for the laser tool. Such recipes can be used to produce desired microvia responses, including open vias, specific diameter, steep wall angle, and low resistance. With continuing advancement in the use of excimer laser systems in microsystems packaging has come an increasing need to offset capital equipment investment and lower equipment downtime. In this thesis, an automated in-line failure diagnosis system using NNs and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory is implemented. For the sake of comparison, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach is applied to achieve the same objective. Both the D-S theory and neuro-fuzzy logic are used to develop an automated inference system to specifically identify failures. Successful results in failure detection and diagnosis are obtained from the two approaches. The result of this investigation will benefit both engineering and management. Engineers will benefit from high yield, reliable production, and low equipment down-time. Business people, on the other hand, will benefit from cost-savings resulting from more production-worthy (i.e., lower maintenance) laser ablation equipment.
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Spencer, Ian M. „Work, War, and Rape| Is a Comprehensive Trauma Diagnosis Possible in a Free-Market System?“ Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1692038.
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Trauma is a social justice issue by which many of its sufferers historically have remained mystified in a web of misdiagnosis, the most notorious being hysteria. Today, individuals suffering from attachment disorders, anxiety, and depression and the victims of violence, addiction, emotional abuse, and physical abuse often have overlapping symptoms roughly mirroring trauma response symptomatology. These individuals comprise the bulk of those seeking relief from the healing professions, yet the DSM-V has but one diagnosis for trauma: posttraumatic stress syndrome. Recent advances in neuroscience have converged with observations from the field of psychology to confirm the need for a more complex trauma diagnosis. It is time to bring trauma out of the lab and into the streets. Using artistic-creative methodologies, this production thesis channels the expanding body of trauma research into comic strips designed to stimulate social dialogue about the existence of trauma response symptoms in our communities.
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Sagarduy, Ochoa de Eribe Juan. „Iron losses in non-oriented steel subjected to matrix and DC-link converter supply : an experimental and analytical study on variable speed drives“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54924/.
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A system approach to variable speed drives consisting of two low voltage induction motors (Y and A connection) fed by matrix and two-level DC-link converters is developed (chapter 7). The ratio of iron to copper winding losses is studied based on the induction motor equivalent circuit and constant V/f converter control. Electrical efficiency increased by up to 10% (partial load and low speed) in Y-connected motors fed by the matrix converter. While similar values of efficiency were observed in A-configured motors, up to 8% higher output power is extracted from the machines under two-level DC-link converter supply.
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Kalyagina, Nina. „Diffuse Reflectance Endoscopic Imaging for Bladder Early-Stage Cancer and Pre-Cancer Diagnosis : Instrumentation, Modelling and Experimental Validation“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0099/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer les performances d'une méthode d'imagerie optique non-invasive pour la détection de précancers et cancers précoces de la vessie, à l'aide d'une analyse de lumière laser rétro-diffusée. L'analyse de la distribution spatiale de la lumière à la surface de fantômes multi-couches imitant l'épithelium de vessie avec différentes propriétés d'absorption et de diffusion nous a permis de montrer les modifications de ces propriétés optiques entraînent des changements de la taille de la surface du spot de lumière rétro-diffusée, mesurables par une caméra vidéo. La méthode développée est également sensible à l'accumulation d'un photosensibilisateur et est applicable aussi bien pour des études en réflectance diffuse qu'en fluorescence induite. Les paramètres optiques des fantômes synthétiques tri-couches imitant différents états des épithéliums de vessie ont été calculés à partir de la théorie des ondes électromagnétiques appliquée aux diffuseurs sphériques sans et avec une couche. Ces paramètres ont servi comme entrées aux simulations de Monte Carlo qui ont permis d'obtenir les matrices des distributions d'intensité de réflectance diffuse. Notre étude démontre que les mesures en imagerie de réflectance diffuse non-polarisée permettent de fournir des informations utiles au diagnostic tissulaireThe present thesis aimed to evaluate the performance of non-invasive optical method for bladder pre- and early- cancer detection by means of diffuse-reflected laser light analysis. The analysis of light distribution at the surface of multi-layered bladder phantoms with different scattering and absorption properties showed that the changes in the optical properties lead to increase or decrease of the diffuse-reflected light spot area, detectable by a video camera. It was also determined, that the presented method is capable of detection of the photosensitizer accumulation, and can be applied for both (diffuse-reflected laser and fluorescence) studies simultaneously. The calculations for spherical and ?coated?-spherical tissue scatterers, based on the electromagnetic wave theory, allowed for obtaining optical parameters of three-layered biological phantoms and of bladder tissues at different states. These parameters served as inputs for Monte Carlo simulations, which provided us with matrices of diffuse-reflected light distributions. The study showed that the measurements of non-polarized back-scattered laser light can provide useful information on the tissue state
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Ker, Mary Virginia. „Using texture to predict diagnosis and disease from nuclear medicine lung perfusion scans: A comparison of nuclear medicine physicians to the slope of the power spectrum“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185562.
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The lung has been satisfactorily modelled as a fractal, and change in lung structure due to disease is assumed to change the fractal dimensionality of the lung. It is hypothesized that those changes in fractal dimension affect perceptually relevant elements (perceived texture) of the lung, and therefore the fractal dimension may prove to be a predictor of diagnosis. If the fractal dimensionality reflects structure in ways more accurately reflecting changes in lung structure than can be achieved by nuclear medicine physicians, then it may also prove useful as a diagnostic tool. Fractal dimension is linearly related to the slope of the power spectrum (SPS) as plotted on log-log paper, and the SPS was used as the metric reflecting the fractal dimension. Seventy-two cases were selected that were either normal, had congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pulmonary embolism (PE). Five of the cases had both CHF and COPD. The lung scans from these cases were digitized, with appropriate corrections for linearization, edge artifacts, target nonuniformities and film gamma. Fast Fourier Transforms provided the power spectrum from which the SPS was calculated. Four nuclear medicine physicians read the original lung scans and rated their certainty about the presence of two texture elements, the extensiveness of disease involvement, and presence of the three diseases used (CHF, COPD, and PE). The results found the SPS to be significantly related to both texture ratings and diagnostic certainty, but inferior as a predictor of disease to either texture rating or diagnostic certainty. This study reveals the SPS to be a promising but incomplete candidate for machine-algorithm generated diagnosis.
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Cai, Zhao. „A technique for examining longitudinal and cross sections of teased nerve fibres and its application to human and experimental neuropathy“. Title page, contents and summary only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc1326.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-225) A new method is described that enables longitudinal and cross sections of an individual nerve fibre to be cut at multiple specified sites along the fibre by use of an unique marker system. The method is particularly useful for the correlative study of myelin-axon relationships
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Djupfeldt, Petter. „Dr. Polopoly - IntelligentSystem Monitoring : An Experimental and Comparative Study ofMultilayer Perceptrons and Random Forests ForError Diagnosis In A Network of Servers“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191557.
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This thesis explores the potential of using machine learning to superviseand diagnose a computer system by comparing how Multilayer Perceptron(MLP) and Random Forest (RF) perform at this task in a controlledenvironment. The base of comparison is primarily how accurate theyare in their predictions, but some thought is given to how cost effectivethey are regarding time. The specific system used is a content management system (CMS)called Polopoly. The thesis details how training samples were collectedby inserting Java proxys into the Polopoly system in order to time theinter-server method calls. Errors in the system were simulated by limitingindividual server’s bandwith, and a normal use case was simulatedthrough the use of a tool called Grinder. The thesis then delves into the setup of the two algorithms andhow the parameters were decided upon, before comparing their finalimplementations based on their accuracy. The accuracy is noted to bepoor, with both being correct roughly 20% of the time, but discussesif there could still be a use case for the algorithms with this level ofaccuracy. Finally, the thesis concludes that there is no significant difference(p 0.05) in the MLP and RF accuracies, and in the end suggeststhat future work should focus either on comparing the algorithms or ontrying to improve the diagnosing of errors in Polopoly.Denna uppsats utforskar potentialen i att använda maskininlärning föratt övervaka och diagnostisera ett datorsystem genom att jämföra hureffektivt Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) respektive Random Forest (RF)gör detta i en kontrollerad miljö. Grunden för jämförelsen är främst hurträffsäkra MLP och RF är i sina klassifieringar, men viss tanke ges ocksååt hur kostnadseffektiva de är med hänseende till tid. Systemet som används är ett “content management system” (CMS)vid namn Polopoly. Uppsatsen beskriver hur träningsdatan samlades invia Java proxys, som injicerades i Polopoly systemet för att mäta hurlång tid metodanrop mellan servrarna tar. Fel i systemet simulerades genomatt begränsa enskilda servrars bandbredd, och normalt användandesimulerades med verktyget Grinder. Uppsatsen går sedan in på hur de två algoritmerna användes ochhur deras parametrar sattes, innan den fortsätter med att jämföra detvå slutgiltiga implementationerna baserat på deras träffsäkerhet. Detnoteras att träffsäkerheten är undermålig; både MLP:n och RF:n gissarrätt i ca 20% av fallen. En diskussion förs om det ändå finns en användningför algoritmerna med denna nivå av träffsäkerhet. Slutsatsen drasatt det inte finns någon signifikant skillnad (p 0.05) mellan MLP:nsoch RF:ns träffsäkerhet, och avslutningsvis så föreslås det att framtidaarbete borde fokusera antingen på att jämföra de två algoritmerna ellerpå att försöka förbättra feldiagnosiseringen i Polopoly.
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Giussani, Giorgia. „Observational and experimental studies on the diagnosis and outcome of epilepsy and epileptogenic conditions : investigating the static and dynamic phenotype of epilepsy“. Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/53914/.
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Different studies spanning the diagnosis, the outcome and the treatment of the disease have been performed to investigate the spectrum of epilepsy. The topics were: 1. The differential diagnosis between epilepsy and another common clinical condition (PNES); 2. The verification if epilepsy could be a marker of genetic diseases characterized by intellectual disability and behavioural abnormalities (idic(15) syndrome); 3.The assessment of the long-term outcome of the disease to identify different prognostic patterns; 4.The investigation of the frequency and clinical features of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) with reference to the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In 1/3 of cases a confident diagnosis of PNES/ES can be established by epileptologists on video data only. Compared to epileptologists, psychiatrists demonstrated to be less accurate in diagnosing PNES but more attuned to capture the subtleties of human behaviour. Investigating the patients and their witnesses using ad-hoc structured questionnaires, some variables were highly predictive of PNES diagnosis. These instruments may be useful clinical tools in settings not offering the facilities for a correct diagnosis and in cases where video-EEG monitoring has failed. In the study on the characterisation of idic(15) syndrome, epilepsy was used as disease tracer. It was found to be one of the few symptoms with satisfactory agreement but not a marker of this genetic syndrome. To verify if the epilepsy course and treatment response is static or dynamic, a population based-study in a well-defined area of Italy was performed. DRE patients (1/6 patients with active epilepsy in the general population) can reach 2-year remission (24.9 %) at 20 years and also early terminal remission (1.3%). AEDs given at diagnosis are retained in the majority of cases and the withdrawal can be predicted by age at diagnosis, sex, disease characteristics and varies among drugs.
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Sellami, Takwa. „Contribution à l’usage de l’analyse vibratoire comme outils de monitoring et de diagnostic d’avaries pour les machines électriques tournantes“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0915.
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Les capacités installées d’énergie éolienne continuent à croître rapidement et prennent une place de plus en plus significative dans le monde. Au fur et à mesure, les études menées sur la conception, la sureté de fonctionnement et la supervision de la chaîne éolienne ont pris progressivement de l’importance. Deux axes de recherche ont été privilégiés dans cette thèse. Le premier concerne la continuité de service d'une éolienne connectée au réseau en présence de défaut de court-circuit entre spires dans une phase du stator de la génératrice asynchrone à cage d'écureuil. L'analyse du défaut ainsi que son impact sur le système éolien et notamment sur la qualité de la puissance produite souligne l'intérêt de développement d'un algorithme de détection et d'isolation rapide, dédié par la suite à la reconfiguration de la commande. Ainsi, une commande tolérante au défaut (CTD) a été conçue de manière à éviter l'arrêt de la production, compenser l'impact de défaut et garder des performances acceptables de la qualité d'énergie produite. Le travail effectué s'est articulé sur les observateurs à mode glissant (OMG), communément connus comme outil puissant pour la supervision et la commande à la fois. Le deuxième axe porte sur la sécurité structurale et la stabilité du système éolien sous contraintes vibratoires. Les travaux se répartissent en deux parties complémentaires : L'établissement d'un modèle numérique tridimensionnel (3-D) sous un logiciel d’analyse par éléments finis (ANSYS) et la réalisation des essais vibratoires sous différentes excitations au sein d'une plateforme vibratoire (TREVISE). Dans ce cadre, un modèle numérique (3-D) d'une éolienne à axe horizontal couplée à un mât et une fondation adéquats a été développé en utilisant la méthode de volumes finis (FVM) afin d'appréhender son comportement vibratoire. Les essais vibratoires expérimentaux valident le modèle numérique et permettent l’identification de la réponse dynamique de la structure d'une manière fine. De plus, nous avons élaboré un modèle expérimental de la tenue de l’éolienne aux contraintes vibratoires de formes aléatoire, sinusoïdale et impulsionnelleThe wind energy capacity carries on growing quickly and taking an increasingly significant place in the world. Progressively, research studies dealing with designing and supervising wind turbines have become more important. Two areas of research were developed in this thesis. The first one concerns the continuity of service of a wind turbine connected to the grid while an inter-turn short-circuit fault is present in the stator phase of the induction squirrel cage generator. The analysis of the fault as well as its impact on the wind turbine system and mainly on the quality of the produced power highlights the interest of development of a fast detection and isolation algorithm, dedicated to the reconfiguration of the control law. Hence, a fault tolerant control scheme has been established in order to avoid stopping production, compensate the fault impact and maintain acceptable performances of the quality of the produced energy. The carried out work was based on sliding mode observers, commonly known as robust tools for monitoring and controlling at the same time. The second axis concerns the structural modeling and stability checking of the wind system under vibratory stresses. The work is divided into two complementary parts: The establishment of a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model using a finite element analysis software (ANSYS) and the realization of vibratory tests under different excitations within the platform (TREVISE). In this framework, a numerical (3-D) model of a horizontal axis wind turbine coupled to a suitable tower and foundation was developed basing on the finite volume method (FVM) in order to analyze its vibratory behavior. The experimental vibratory tests validate the numerical model and allow the identification of the dynamic response of the structure in a precise way. In addition, we have developed an experimental model of the behavior of the wind turbine under vibratory stresses of random, sinusoidal and impulse shapes
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Esposito, Angelo. „Numerical and Experimental Study of Droplet-Air Flow Interaction on the GDL Surface of PEMFC for Water Management Monitoring, Control and Diagnostics“. The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274977066.
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Camillo, Giovana. „Anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em novilhas após vacinação ou infecção experimental e em amostras de leite“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10092.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoNeosporosis is an economically important disease caused the protozoan Neospora caninum and is characterized by causing reproductive problems in cattle such as abortion, return to estrus and birth of calves persistently infected. The diagnosis is based mainly on detection of antibodies anti-N.caninum by serological tests, from samples of blood serum and also through milk. The control of this disease is related to the culling of positive animals that showing reproductive disorders, since no commercially available vaccine induces immune response able of preventing transplacental transmission and thus, the parasite remains in the herd. In this study, we performed studies involving the humoral response against the parasite and the detection of antibodies in individual and bulk milk samples for the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The results are presented in three manuscripts. In chapter one, the aim was to compare serum immunoglobulin G and M, in animals experimentally infected with tachyzoites of NC-1 strain, and animals vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. The results showed a clear oscillation in antibody titers, revealing that the heifers inoculated immune response was more durable than in those vaccinated. In the second chapter, it was performed a diagnostic test of the anti-N.caninum antibodies from milk samples, using as a test, IFA. When analyzing individual samples of milk, there was a good correlation for samples of blood serum. The higher the serum titer, the greater the probability of detecting antibodies in milk samples, both individual and bulk milk. In chapter three, the aim it was to evaluate the use of bulk milk sample for herd diagnostic or for epidemiological studies, by detecting antibodies. Similar to results obtained in chapter two, the bulk milk sample, when analyzed by IFA demonstrated to be correlated with the number of positive animals in each herd as well as with the titles presented by these animals. Thus, through this study we emphasize that with regard to vaccination, more work needs to be better conducted in order to get an immune response able to protect the fetus longer more time and more importantly, that will prevent or reduce transplacental transmission. Regarding the diagnosis by using the milk samples it was observed that both samples in individual and bulk milk, the IFA can be used safely and is considered an easier way to carry out epidemiological studies in herd cattle.
Neosporose é uma doença economicamente importante causada pelo protozoário Neospora caninum e caracteriza-se por causar problemas reprodutivos em bovinos, como aborto, retorno ao cio e nascimento de bezerros persistentemente infectados. O diagnóstico é baseado, principalmente, na detecção de anticorpos anti-N. caninum através de testes sorológicos, a partir de amostras de soro sanguíneo e também através do leite. O controle dessa enfermidade está relacionado com o descarte dos animais positivos que apresentam desordens reprodutivas, uma vez que a vacina disponível comercialmente não induz resposta imune capaz de prevenir a transmissão transplacentária e assim, o protozoário se mantém no rebanho. Neste estudo, foram realizados trabalhos envolvendo a resposta humoral frente ao protozoário bem como a detecção de anticorpos em amostras individuais e coletivas de leite pela técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Os resultados estão apresentados em três artigos. No capítulo um, o objetivo foi comparar a concentração sérica de imunoglobulinas G e M, em animais infectados experimentalmente com taquizoítos da cepa NC-1 e, em animais vacinados com uma vacina inativada. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma evidente oscilação no título de anticorpos, sendo possível observar que nas novilhas inoculadas a resposta imune foi mais duradoura que nas vacinadas. No segundo capítulo, buscou-se diagnosticar anticorpos contra o N.caninum a partir de amostras de leite, utilizando como teste, a RIFI. Quando analisadas amostras individuais de leite, observou-se uma boa concordância em relação às amostras de soro sanguíneo. Quanto maior o título sérico, maior é a probabilidade de detectar anticorpos em amostras de leite, tanto individuais, como coletivas. No capítulo três, o objetivo foi avaliar a utilização de amostras coletivas de leite para diagnóstico de rebanho ou para estudos epidemiológicos, através da detecção de anticorpos. Semelhante aos resultados obtidos no capítulo dois, as amostras coletivas de leite, quando analisadas demonstraram estarem correlacionadas com o número de animais positivos de cada rebanho, assim como, com os títulos apresentados por esses animais. Assim, através desse estudo podemos ressaltar que em relação à vacinação, outros trabalhos precisam ser melhor conduzidos, visando buscar uma resposta imune capaz de proteger o feto por mais tempo e o mais importante, que consiga evitar ou reduzir a transmissão transplacentária. Com relação ao diagnóstico através do leite, pode-se determinar que tanto em amostras individuais como coletivas, a RIFI pode ser utilizada com segurança, sendo considerada uma maneira mais fácil de realizar estudos epidemiológicos em nível de rebanho.
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Junior, Almir Carlos Soares Porto. „Desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoração e diagnóstico utilizando lógica fuzzy aplicado às válvulas de controle de processo do CEA - Centro Experimental de ARAMAR“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85133/tde-10022015-105154/.
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Considerando a segurança e extensão da vida de uma planta industrial, especificamente das válvulas de controle de processo, o estudo de confiabilidade de componentes é um ponto importante a ser investigado em usinas nucleares e em outras áreas, tais como refinaria ou plataforma de petróleo offshore. O desenvolvimento de monitorização não intrusiva e método de diagnóstico possibilita a identificação de defeitos em componentes da planta durante sua operação normal. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise e diagnóstico de válvulas de controle de uma planta de vapor que simula parte do circuito secundário de um reator de água pressurizada. Esta instalação faz parte do laboratório de testes de equipamentos de propulsão da Marinha do Brasil, em Iperó-SP. A metodologia utilizada no projeto é baseada na análise gráfica de dois parâmetros: a pressão de ar do atuador da válvula e o deslocamento de seu obturador. Estes dados são extraídos por um posicionador inteligente do Sistema de Automação Delta VTM. É implementada uma análise para detecção de anomalias por meio de uma abordagem que utiliza Sistemas Especialistas baseados na Lógica Fuzzy, considerando regras e conhecimento de inteligência artificial (IA). Uma vez que as medidas de base de válvulas de controle são tomadas, é possível detectar sintomas de falha, vazamento, atrito, fricção, danos, etc. O monitoramento e o sistema de diagnóstico foram projetados utilizando o programa MATLAB® versão 2009a com o FUZZY LOGIC TOOLBOX, que é um pacote integrante de subrotinas dedicado à lógica nebulosa. A monitoração e o diagnóstico das válvulas de controle são realizados por meio de uma técnica não-invasiva. Desta maneira, é possível conhecer o real status da válvula. O software ValveLink® (desenvolvido pela empresa EMERSON) recebe sinais do componente de hardware, posicionador inteligente, o qual é instalado ao lado da válvula de controle de processos. Estes sinais (corrente eléctrica) transformados em informação são utilizados como parâmetros de entrada: Pressão de ar do atuador e deslocamento do obturador da válvula. Com o uso da lógica fuzzy, esses parâmetros são interpretados. Eles sofrem inferências por regras escritas por especialistas em válvulas. Após essas inferências, as informações são tratadas e enviadas como sinais de saída. Esses sinais contém a informação de diagnóstico do estado da válvula.The question of components reliability, specifically process control valves, has become an important issue to be investigated in nuclear power plants and other areas such as refinery or offshore oil rig, considering the safety and life extension of the plant. The development of non-intrusive monitoring and diagnostic method allows the identification of defects in components of the plant during normal operation. The objective of this dissertation is to present an analysis and diagnosis of control valves of a steam plant part that simulates the secondary circuit of a pressurized water reactor. This installation is part of propulsion equipment testing laboratory of the Brazilian Navy, at Iperó-SP. The methodology for design is based on graphical analysis of two parameters, the valve air pressure actuator and the displacement of the valve plug. These data are extracted by a smart positioner, part of Delta VTM Automation System. An analysis is implemented in detecting anomalies by an approach using Expert Systems by the technique of fuzzy logic. Once the basic measures of control valves are taken, it is possible to detect symptoms of failure, leakage, friction, damage, etc. The monitoring and diagnostic system has been designed in MATLAB® version 2009th by the complement \"FUZZY LOGIC TOOLBOX \". It is a noninvasive technique. Thus, it is possible to know what is happening with the chosen components, just analyzing the parameters of the valve. The software called ValveLink® (developed by Emerson) receives signals from hardware component (intelligent positioner) installed next to the control valve. These signals (electrical current) are transformed into information which are used input parameters: air pressure valve actuator and valve plug displacement. With the use of fuzzy logic, these parameters are interpreted. They suffer inferences by rules written by experts in valves. After these inferences, the information is processed and sent as output signals. These signals lead to diagnostic information of the state of the valve.
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Locke, Christopher Ryan. „Public Attitudes Toward Mental Illness: An Experimental Design Examining the Media's Impact of Crime on Stigma“. The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268086954.
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Gonçalves, Frances Lilian Lanhellas 1979. „Avaliação da proteção das alças intestinais fetais utilizando hidrogel (biomaterial) no modelo experimental de gastrosquise“. [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310458.
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Orientador: Lourenço Sbragia NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Gastrosquise é um defeito congênito da parede abdominal anterior no qual as alças intestinais ficam herniadas e em contato com o líquido amniótico (LA). Assim, a exposição ao LA resulta em várias disfunções intestinais pós-natal. Para reduzir o tempo de exposição ao LA em modelo animal, usou-se um hidrogel de N-isopropilacrilamida (NIPAAm) copolimerizado com ácido acrílico (Aac), que rapidamente intumesce na presença de LA. O hidrogel foi usado para cobrir as alças expostas até o fim da gestação. A gastrosquise foi induzida em fetos de ratas fêmeas da raça Sprague-Dawley através de um corte paramediano à direita do cordão umbilical para exposição parcial das alças com 18,5 dias de gestação. Os fetos foram separados em quatro grupos: controle (C), apenas gastrosquise (G), gastrosquise + cobertura das alças com adesivo de fibrina - Beriplast® (GA) e gastrosquise + cobertura das alças com adesivo de fibrina e aderido um pedaço de hidrogel seco (GAH). Os animais foram colhidos por cesárea com 21,5 dias de gravidez e o hidrogel foi cuidadosamente removido. Os fetos e as alças intestinais foram pesados e análise morfométrica foi realizada. Resultados mostraram que o hidrogel após intumescimento pesou 34X que seu peso seco; ele possui carga elétrica assim como a maioria das proteínas presentes no LA e sua retirada não provocou lesão à camada serosa do intestino exposto como visto na MEV. A comparação dos grupos C e GAH com os grupos G ou GA mostrou que o peso, o diâmetro, a espessura das camadas e da parede intestinais foi significativamente menor nos grupos C e GAH quando comparados aos grupos G e GA indicando processo inflamatório. Sendo assim, a aplicação do hidrogel aderido pelo adesivo de fibrina mostrou servir como uma efetiva proteção das alças herniadas, com uma redução significante da inflamação na gastrosquise.
Abstract: Gastroschisis is a congenital defect of the anterior abdominal wall which leads the fetal bowel to herniate into the amniotic cavity. There, exposition to amniotic fluid (AF), results in severe postnatal intestinal dysfunction. In order to reduce exposition time to AF in an animal model, has used a hydrogel of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) copolymerized with acrylic acid (Aac), which undergoes rapid swelling in the amniotic fluid. The hydrogel was used to coat the bowel hernia until pregnance is completed. Gastroschisis was induced in the fetuses of female Sprague-Dawley rats by partial evisceration of the bowel through a right paramedian opening of the abdominal wall in day 18,5 of pregnancy. The fetuses were separated in four groups: control (C), gastroschisis alone (G), gastroschisis + coating of the bowel hernia with fibrin adhesive -Beriplast® (GA) and gastroschisis + coating of the bowel hernia with fibrin adhesive topped by a piece of adhered dry hydrogel (GAH). Animals were harvested by cesarean section at day 21.5 of pregnancy and the hydrogel was carefully removed. Fetuses and intestinal tract were weighed and morphometric analysis was performed. Results showed that the hydrogel weight was 34X heavier than its dry weight; its electric charge and also the AF charge were negative and there was no damage to serosa layer of the intestine exposed. Comparison of the C and GAH groups with G and GA showed that the bowel weight, diameter, the layers and wall thickness was significantly reduced in C and GAH compared to G and GA. Thus, application of the hydrogel bound onto the fibrin adhesive was shown to provide an effective protection of the herniated bowel, with a significant reduction of inflammation in gastroschisis.
Mestrado
Pesquisa Experimental
Mestre em Cirurgia
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Luppino, Plinio Luis. „Detecção do vírus dengue pela técnica de aglutinação do látex modelo experimental“. Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2007. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/21.
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Previous issue date: 2007-06-04Dengue is the arthropod-borne transmitted viral disease of highest worldwide prevalence in mortality and morbidity. The proportion is pandemic ranging 1.6 million of infected patients yearly. Clinical presentation associated to epidemiological factors such as dengue prevalence in the patient s origin have been the only mean for early diagnosis. Laboratorial diagnosis, the conclusive, requires several days when there is viral isolation. Serological methods depend on high level of specific antibodies, and molecular methods are not available for the majority of laboratories of diagnosis and routine. The purpose of this study was to develop an agglutination method using latex to detect dengue virus, using biological samples of mice infected with dengue 1 Mochizuki strain by intracerebral via, and anti-dengue 1 specific antibodies from immunized mice. According to the results, this method was feasible for the dengue viruses diagnosis in positive samples of experimental animals. It provides further approaches for rapid detection of dengue in susceptible populations during the first days of the disease.
A dengue é a doença viral, transmitida por artrópode, de maior prevalência mundial em morbidade e mortalidade. Alcança proporções pandêmicas, estimando-se em 1,6 milhões de doentes anualmente. Manifestações clínicas características, associadas a fatores epidemiológicos, como prevalência da dengue na região de origem do paciente, têm sido os únicos instrumentos de diagnóstico precoce. O diagnóstico laboratorial, que é definitivo, demanda vários dias, quando realizado o isolamento viral. Métodos sorológicos dependem de níveis elevados de anticorpos específicos e os métodos moleculares não estão disponíveis para a maioria dos laboratórios de diagnóstico e rotina. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver método de aglutinação do látex para a detecção do vírus dengue, utilizando amostras biológicas de camundongos infectados por via intracerebral com dengue 1, cepa Mochizuki e anticorpos específicos anti-dengue 1, obtidos de camundongos imunizados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a viabilidade deste método para diagnóstico do vírus Dengue em amostras positivas de animais de experimentação, abrindo novas perspectivas para o diagnóstico precoce da dengue na população susceptível, durante os primeiros dias de sintomas.
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Pronger, II Gregory Emery. „Convergent Validity Between the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) Questionnaire, Trial-Based Functional Analysis, and Traditional Functional Analysis for Adults with a Dual Diagnosis in a Day Program Setting“. OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1705.
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Previous research has demonstrated that individuals with a dual diagnosis often engage in challenging behavior as a means to fulfil their needs and wants. Functional behavioral assessments (FBA) are a way of evaluating these behaviors and creating effective interventions to reduce them and increase socially appropriate alternative behaviors. The present study assessed the convergent validity for three types of FBAs, including the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) questionnaire, trial-based functional analysis, and traditional functional analysis, for three adults with a dual diagnosis within a day program setting. Results found correspondence between two forms of assessments, the trial-based functional analysis and traditional functional analysis, for one out of the three subjects. Due to a lack of engagement in the targeted behavior for the other two subjects, results were inconclusive. Results of the QABF did not match those of the functional analyses for any of the subjects, suggesting that the assessment should be used with caution. The trial-based functional analysis may be a viable tool for assessing function for the challenging behavior of adults with a dual diagnosis, although it should not be used as a replacement for the traditional functional analysis.
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Lombillo, Vozmediano Ignacio. „Investigación teórico-experimental sobre ensayos ligeramente destructivos (MDT) utilizados para la caracterización mecánica in situ de estructuras de fábrica del patrimonio construido“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10680.
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La conservación del patrimonio cultural esta considerado como un principio fundamental en la vida cultural de las sociedades modernas. En los últimos años, se han realizado extensas investigaciones en torno a esta área, conduciendo a desarrollos en la inspección, ensayos no destructivos, monitorización y análisis estructural de monumentos.Por otra parte, el análisis de construcciones antiguas formula importantes desafíos dada la complejidad de su geometría, la variabilidad de las propiedades de los materiales tradicionales, las diferentes técnicas de construcción, la ausencia de conocimiento sobre los daños existentes, y de cómo afectan determinadas acciones a las construcciones a lo largo de su vida.Dichos desafíos suponen que las construcciones del patrimonio arquitectónico estén sometidas a una serie de dificultades de diagnóstico y restauración, que limitan la aplicación de las disposiciones normativas y las pautas vigentes en el ámbito general de la construcción. Y es por todo ello que la comprensión, el análisis y la reparación de construcciones históricas se establece como uno de los desafíos más importantes de los técnicos modernos.¿Sería razonable operar a un enfermo sin tener constancia objetiva del mal que adolece?, en ese caso ¿porqué intervenimos en nuestra herencia cultural sin tener conocimiento contrastado de las causas desencadenantes de sus procesos patológicos?Respondiendo a la cuestión formulada, las intervenciones en las construcciones antiguas, dada su fragilidad, requieren precisión, detalle y formación especial en el desarrollo de un estudio previo riguroso de diagnóstico que de soporte a las decisiones sobre las técnicas de intervención que deben adoptarse.En este proceso es fundamental la fase de reconocimiento - análisis, dado que es en esta etapa en la que se plantean hipótesis y se comprueban, de forma objetiva, a través de cálculos y ensayos. Dentro de la fase referida, debe prestarse especial atención al reconocimiento experimental, dado que dicha inspección además de contribuir a la obtención de parámetros de entrada de los modelos de análisis, tiene como misión el contribuir a calibrarlos mediante la comprobación experimental de los resultados obtenidos analíticamente en determinados puntos de control.Por su parte, es deseable que dicho reconocimiento experimental se realice de la forma menos intrusiva posible para con la construcción, sobremanera en el caso de bienes de carácter monumental.En línea con lo argumentado, la investigación que se presenta incide, dentro del proceso metodológico general de intervención en una construcción antigua, en la fase del reconocimiento experimental, in situ, ligeramente destructivo, y a su vez, dentro de éste, en las técnicas orientadas a obtener información útil desde un punto de vista de la caracterización mecánica de elementos estructurales de fábrica.En este sentido, se pretende contribuir a la puesta a punto, en España, de métodos para la evaluación in situ de la fiabilidad de los elementos estructurales existentes en construcciones históricas de obra de fábrica. Para ello, se van a focalizar los esfuerzos en el calibrado, en laboratorio, de las técnicas de gatos planos, hole drilling y mini-presurometría de fábricas, y posteriormente se aplicarán a casos reales in situ.Cultural heritage conservation is considered as a fundamental principle of modern societies' cultural life. In recent years, extensive research has been done on this area, leading developments on inspection, non-destructive testing, monitoring and monument structural analysis.In other hand, old buildings analysis implies significant challenges due to the complexity of its geometry, variability of traditional materials properties, different construction techniques, lack of knowledge about existing damage, and how certain actions affect throughout their life to buildings.These challenges mean that architectural heritage buildings are subject to diagnosis and refurbishment difficulties, which limit the application of standards and construction guidelines. That is why the understanding, the analysis and the historic buildings' repair, are considered as one of the most important challenges of modern technicians.Would it be reasonable to operate a patient without objective evidence of the illness that suffers? In that case, why do we intervene in our cultural heritage without knowing the causes that have initiated its pathological processes?Answering to this question, interventions in old buildings, because of its fragility, require accuracy, detail and a special education in the development of a previous diagnostic study, in order to give support to decisions to be adopted on intervention techniques.In this process, it is essential the phase survey - analysis, because it is at this stage where the hypothesis are set out and verified with calculations and tests. Within this phase, it should pay special attention to experimental survey, since such inspection contributes to both obtaining input parameters of the model analysis, and contributes to calibrate it using the experimental verification of the results obtained analytically at certain checkpoints.Moreover, it is desirable that such experimental survey is performed of the least intrusive way as possible for the construction, greatly in the case of monumental constructions.Within the general process of intervention on old constructions, the research presented insists on the on-site experimental survey stage, slightly destructive, and within it, on the techniques aimed to obtain useful information for the mechanical characterization of masonry structural elements.In this sense, it aims to contribute to the development in Spain of methods for on-site evaluation of the structural elements' reliability in masonry historical buildings. For this, efforts will focus on the calibration, in laboratory, of the techniques of flat jacks, hole drilling and masonry mini-pressurometer, and then its application to real on-site cases.
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Souza, Alex Junior Souza de. „Detecção e quantificação do vírus da hepatite E (HEV) por RT-PCR em tempo real e estudo experimental em primatas neotropicais (Aotus azarai infulatus) infectados pelo genótipo 3 do HEV“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-17052017-162921/.
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O vírus da hepatite E (HEV) é um patógeno emergente de distribuição global, causador de hepatite aguda e crônica em humanos e infecções assintomáticas em animais. No Brasil a prevalência de infecção por HEV em humanos e animais ainda é pouco compreendida, assim como as características de virulência, patogenicidade e de infecção inter-espécies de isolados do genótipo 3, zoonótico, circulantes no país também são desconhecidas. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas, com os objetivos de 1) contribuir no diagnóstico laboratorial molecular do HEV a partir do desenvolvimento de um protocolo de RT-PCR em tempo real (RT-qPCR) para pesquisa do HEV em amostras biológicas, e 2) contribuir com a compreensão das características moleculares, sorológicas, clínico-laboratoriais, ultrassonográficas e histopatológicas associadas à infecção experimental em macacos-da-noite (Aotus azarai infulatus) por um isolado do genótipo 3 suíno do HEV previamente detectado na Amazônia oriental brasileira. O protocolo de RT-qPCR foi desenvolvido com a caracterização da curva de detecção e aplicado em concomitância com testes sorológicos para avaliação diagnóstica restrospectiva de 318 (n = 318) amostras de soros humanos suspeitos de hepatite E. O HEV-RNA não foi detectado em nenhuma das amostras humanas testadas, mas foi determinada soroprevalência de 3,4% e 5,9% de anti-HEV IgM e IgG, respectivamente, o que indicou baixa prevalência de infecção por HEV, mesmo entre pacientes com suspeita clínica e/ou laboratorial de hepatite E na Amazônia brasileira. O estudo experimental em macacos-da-noite foi desenvolvido durante 12 semanas e os animais infectados, por via intravenosa (n=3) e oral (n=3) (e dois controles), foram avaliados semanalmente para determinação dos parâmetros clínicos, bioquímicos, hematológicos, sorológicos (pesquisa de anti-HEV IgM e IgG por enzimaimunoensaio) e moleculares (HEV-RNA soro e fezes por RT-qPCR). Adicionalmente, os animais também foram submetidos a avaliação hepática mensal por ultrassonografia, histopatologia e pesquisa hepática de antígenos do HEV por imunohistoquímica. Os seis macacos-da-noite infectados apresentaram o HEV-RNA em amostras de soro e/ou fezes, e alguns apresentaram evidências de soroconversão, detecção hepática do antígeno viral por imunohistoquímica associada a alterações clínicas e laboratoriais de hepatite aguda oligossintomática. Assim, o protocolo RT-qPCR demonstrou ser aplicável na pesquisa molecular do HEV em amostras de humanos e animais, representando uma importante ferramenta de diagnóstico laboratorial. O estudo experimental permitiu a primeira validação de um primata neotropical como modelo experimental para estudos de infecção com o genótipo 3 do HEV.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen with global distribution that causes acute and chronic hepatitis in humans and asymptomatic infections in animals. In Brazil, the prevalence of HEV infection in humans and animals is still poorly understood, and the characteristics of virulence, pathogenicity and inter-species infection of the genotype 3 isolates circulating in the country are unknown. The study was divided in two stages that aimed to 1) contribute to the molecular diagnosis of HEV infection by the development of a real-time RT-PCR protocol (RT-qPCR) for HEV-RNA research in biological samples, and 2) to contribute to understanding of molecular, serological, clinical-laboratory, ultrasonographic and histopathological features of HEV genotype 3 in owl monkeys (Aotus azari infulatus) experimental infected with isolate of swine HEV genotype 3 previously detected in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. The RT-qPCR protocol was developed with characterization of a quantification standard curve and later applied concurrently with serological tests in the retrospective evaluation of 318 (n = 318) human serum samples of hepatitis E suspected cases. HEV-RNA was not detected in any of human tested samples, but seroprevalence of 3.4% and 5.9% was determined for anti-HEV IgM and IgG, respectively, that indicated a low prevalence of HEV infection, even among patients with clinical and/or laboratory suspicion of hepatitis E in the Brazilian Amazon. The experimental study in owl monkeys was developed during12 weeks and the animals were infected by intravenous (n = 3) and oral (n = 3) routes (and two negative controls) were evaluated for determination of clinical, biochemical, hematological, serological (anti-HEV IgM and IgG by enzyme immunoassay) and molecular (HEV-RNA serum and stool by RT-qPCR) parameters weekly. Additionally, the animals were also evaluated by hepatic ultrasonography, histopathology and immunohistochemistry research of HEV antigens in liver monthly. The six infected owl monkeys presentend HEV-RNA in serum and/or stool, and some monkeys presented with evidence of seroconversion, liver detection of HEV antigens by immunohistochemistry associated with clinical and/or laboratory findings of oligosymptomatic acute hepatitis. Thus, the RT-qPCR protocol demonstrated to be applicable in the molecular investigation of HEV infection in human and animal samples, and it also represented an important laboratory diagnostic tool. The experimental study allowed the validation of the first neotropical primate model for HEV genotype 3 infection studies.
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Mascarenhas, Débora. „Aconselhamento para lactação: estudo quase experimental sobre o efeito da prescrição de enfermagem no prolongamento do aleitamento materno na UTI neonatal“. Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2006. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1084.
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Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial
Situação problema: O prematuro internado com risco de desmame precoce. As mães dos prematuros vivenciam situações e necessidades diferentes na amamentação, em relação às mães de recém-nascidos a termo. O fato de ter um filho prematuro internado pode gerar um grau de estresse muito grande, e muitas vezes isso se dá devido à gravidade do estado de saúde do bebê. Com a internação, a separação mãe/filho ocasiona uma gama de situações conflituosas no seu ambiente familiar. Esses fatores são complicadores da disponibilidade e desejo de amamentar, o que faz com que muitas delas abandonem o aleitamento materno durante a internação do prematuro na UTIN. Este estudo foi desenvolvido junto às mães dos recém-nascidos internados, a fim de fornecer orientações e de proporcionar segurança, para que as mesmas se sentissem capazes de continuar aleitando o seu bebê durante o período de internação do mesmo. Objetivo: O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi aplicar a prescrição de enfermagem Aconselhamento para Lactação junto às mães dos prematuros e recém-nascidos de risco internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal com vista a diminuir o desmame precoce. Tendo como objetivo específico, verificar se esta prescrição foi capaz de propiciar o aumento dos dias de aleitamento humano para o recém-nascido de risco internado. Material e método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, quase experimental, realizada em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um Hospital Público do Município do Rio de Janeiro. A população do estudo foi composta pelas mães dos recém-nascidos internados na UTIN no período de maio/agosto de 2005. Durante este período foi extraído um total de 30 mães, formando o grupo teste da pesquisa. O grupo controle foi extraído aleatoriamente dos casos de prontuários do período de janeiro/abril de 2005, e para cada pessoa do grupo teste foi selecionado dois controles, totalizando assim (60 prontuários). Foram utilizados 4 instrumentos para coleta de dados, construídos com base em revisão bibliográfica da Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC) e na Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem (NOC). Tratamento Estatístico: Compararam-se os grupos teste e controle utilizando como análise estatística o teste de t de Student para as variáveis contínuas, teste X2 para as categóricas, considerando as diferenças como estatisticamente significativas com valor de p < 0,05 e os respectivos intervalos de confiança no nível de 95%. Principais resultados: Evidenciaram que as causas do desmame precoce giram em torno de mitos, tabus, 2 experiências bem e mal sucedidas, idade materna relacionada às primigestas, inexperiências com a amamentação, nível socioeconômico, falta de orientações e intervenções, que tanto reforçavam quanto prejudicavam a amamentação. A família mostrou-se ferramenta importante de interferência sobre a amamentação. Conclusões: É imprescindível a mobilização dos gestores e profissionais de saúde na intensificação as estratégias empregadas a esta população, levando em conta os seus aspectos culturais, crenças e tradições da comunidade assistida. Cabe à enfermagem um trabalho de orientação mais intensivo nas consultas do pré-natal em prol do aleitamento materno, onde as famílias sejam incluídas nas atividades com o propósito de promover uma integralidade no desenvolvimento dessas atividades
Situation problem: The premature interned with risk of it weans precocious. The mothers of the premature ones live situations and different needs in the breast-feeding, in relation to the mothers of newly born to term. The fact of having an interned premature son can generate a degree of very big stress, and a lot of times that gives due to the gravity of the baby's health condition. With the internment, the separation mother/son causes a range of conflicting situations in her family atmosphere. Those factors complicated of the readiness and desire of breastfeeding, what does with that many of them abandon the maternal breast feeding during the internment of the premature in UTIN. This study was developed with mothers of the interned newly born close to, in order to supply orientations and of providing safety, so that the same ones if they felt capable to continue nursing her baby during the period of internment of the same. Objective: The general objective of the research was to apply the nursing prescription advertisement for Nursing close to the mothers of the premature ones interned in an UTIN with view to decrease weans him/it precocious. Tends as specific objective, to verify this prescription was capable to propitiate the increase of the days of human breast feeding for the newly born interned. Material and method: It is a quantitative research, experimentas , almost accomplished in an UTIN of a Public Hospital of the Municipal district of Rio de Janeiro. The population of the study was composed by the mothers of the newly born interned in the period of May/August of 2005. During this period a total of 30 mothers was extracted, forming the group tests of the research. The group control was extracted random from the cases of handbooks of the period of January/April of 2005, and for each person of the group test it was selected two controls, totaling like this (60 handbooks). 4 instruments were used for collection of data, built with base in bibliographical revision, of the Classification, of the Interventions of Nursing and in the Classification of the Results of Nursing. Statistical Treatment: The groups test and control were compared using as statistical analysis the test of t of Student for the continuous variables, test X2 for the categorical ones, considering the differences as significant statistical with value of p <0,05 and the respective trust intervals in the level of 95%. Main results: They evidenced that the causes of the it weans precocious they 2 rotate in lathe myths, taboos, experiences well and badly happened, age maternal related to the first gestation, inexperiences with the breast-feeding, level economic social, lack of orientations and interventions that so much reinforced as they harmed the breast-feeding. The family was shown important tool of interference on the breast-feeding. Conclusions: It is indispensable the managers' mobilization and professionals of health in the intensification the employed strategies this population, taking into account their cultural aspects, faiths and the attended community's traditions. It falls to the nursing a more intensive orientation work in the consultations of the prenatal on behalf of the maternal breast feeding, where the families are included in the activities with the purpose of promoting an integral in the development of those activities
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Rosado, Paulo Henrique Gonçalves. „Determinação experimental dos coeficientes de conversão de Kerma no ar para o equivalente de dose pessoal, Hp(d), e fatores de retroespalhamento em feixes de raios-x diagnostico“. CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2008. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=86.
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Em proteção radiológica dois conjuntos de grandezas são importantes, as de proteção e as operacionais. Ambas podem ser relacionadas a partir de coeficientes de conversão
com grandezas físicas básicas como o kerma. Para feixes de radiação utilizados em radiodiagnóstico nas qualidades da Comissão Internacional de Eletrotécnica (IEC), os
coeficientes de conversão e fatores de retroespalhamento ainda não foram determinados.
É, portanto, necessário a determinação de coeficientes e fatores para a calibração dos dosímetros que serão utilizados para determinar o equivalente de dose pessoal ou a dose
na entrada da pele.
Foram determinados experimentalmente os coeficientes de conversão de kerma no ar para o equivalente de dose pessoal, Hp(d), e os fatores de retroespalhamento para as
qualidades RQR e RQA da IEC que simulam feixes de raios X diagnósticos. Para a determinação dos coeficientes de conversão é necessário a determinação do kerma no ar
dentro do simulador e a energia média do espectro.
Foram utilizados dosímetros termoluminescentes do tipo 100H para a medida do kerma no ar no simulador. Os dosímetros foram calibrados utilizando uma câmara de ionização
padrão terciário de 180cc da Radcal Corporation. Os dosímetros foram colocados no eixo central de um simulador tipo placa de 300 mm x 300 mm x 15 mm de polimetilmetalacrilato (PMMA) com o intuito de determinar a dose na profundidade.
No procedimento de medida os dosímetros foram dispostos em cinco diferentes profundidades (5, 10, 15, 25 e 35 mm).
Um outro parâmetro necessário para a determinação dos coeficientes de conversão é a energia média do espectro de raios X. A espectrometria dos feixes de raios X utilizados
foi feita utilizando um detector semicondutor de CdTe. O detector foi calibrado utilizando fontes de radiação de 133Ba, 241Am e 57Co. Foram feitas correções em relação a eficiência intrínseca, absorção total de energia, fração de escape de raios X característicos, efeito Compton e atenuação devido a matérias que se encontravam entre o detector e o ponto onde foi determinado a energia média. As medidas do espectro de raios X foram corrigidas utilizado o método de stripping.
Os valores das incertezas dos coeficientes de conversão e fatores de retroespalhamento foram da ordem de 12% e 6% respectivamente.Two sets of quantities are import in radiological protection: the protection and operational quantities. Both sets can be related to basic physical quantities such as kerma through conversion coefficients. . For diagnostic x-ray beams the conversion coefficients and backscatter factors have not been determined yet, those parameters are need for calibrating dosimeters that will be used to determine the personal dose equivalent or the entrance skin dose. Conversion coefficients between air kerma and personal dose equivalent and backscatter factors were experimentally determined for the diagnostic x-ray qualities RQR and RQA recommended by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The air kerma in the phantom and the mean energy of the spectrum were measured for such purpose. Harshaw LiF-100H thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) were used for measurements after being calibrated against an 180 cm3 Radcal Corporation ionization chamber traceable to a reference laboratory. A 300 mm ×300 mm × 150 mm polymethilmethacrylate (PMMA) slab phantom was used for deep-dose measurements. Tl dosemeters were placed in the central axis of the x-ray beam at 5, 10, 15, 25 and 35 mm depth in the phantom upstream the beam direction Another required parameter for determining the conversion coefficients from was the mean energy of the x-ray spectrum. The spectroscopy of x-ray beams was done with a CdTe semiconductor detector that was calibrated with 133Ba, 241Am and 57Co radiation sources. Measurements of the x-ray spectra were carried out for all RQR and RQA IEC qualities. Corrections due to the detector intrinsic efficiency, total energy absorption, escape fraction of the characteristic x-rays, Compton effect and attenuation in the detector were done aiming an the accurate determination of the mean energy. Measured x-ray spectra were corrected with the stripping method by using these response functions. The typical combined standard uncertainties of conversion coefficients and backscatter factors were 12% and 6% respectively.
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Trabelsi, Mohamed. „Contribution au diagnostic de défauts des composants de puissance dans un convertisseur statique associé à une machine asynchrone - exploitation des signaux électriques -“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4342.
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Les travaux développés durant cette thèse concernent la détection et l'identification des défauts simples et multiples d'ouverture des transistors dans un convertisseur statique associé à une machine asynchrone. Pour aborder cette problématique, nous avons commencé par l'analyse des potentialités, des faiblesses et des incertitudes des techniques qui ont initiés notre démarche. Ensuite, nous avons présenté deux méthodologies permettant d'analyser les performances du moteur asynchrone en présence des défauts dans une ou plusieurs cellules de commutation. Cette étude préliminaire nous a permis ainsi de proposer deux nouvelles stratégies de diagnostic sans référence basées sur l'approche signal. Les signaux électriques (courants ou tensions) disponibles à la sortie du convertisseur statique sont utilisés pour alimenter le processus de diagnostic. La première stratégie retenue est basée sur l'analyse qualitative des tensions de sortie entre phases du convertisseur et des signaux de commande appliqués aux transistors pendant les instants de commutation. Grâce à une représentation instantanée de ces grandeurs, à l'échelle de la période de découpage, nous avons pu mettre en évidence des caractéristiques favorables à la détection des défauts simples et multiples d'ouverture des transistors. L'implémentation pratique de cette première approche a été réalisée au moyen d'une technologie analogique permettant ainsi de minimiser le temps de retard à la détection jusqu'à quelques dizaines de microsecondesThe main goal of this thesis concerns the detection and identification of simple and multiple open-circuit faults in voltage source inverters (VSIs)-fed induction motor drives. In first step, the potentialities, the weaknesses as well as the uncertainties of the previously published works have been discussed. The second step was dedicated to the study of the inverter faults impact on the induction motor. For this purpose, we have proposed two methodologies permitting the characterization of the electromagnetic torque behaviour as well as the electric variables of the induction motor under the open- and short-circuit faults. These preliminary studies allowed to propose two novel signal-based approaches for open-circuit fault diagnosis in voltage source inverter. The measured outputs inverter voltages and currents have been used as the input quantities for the fault detection and identification (FDI) process. The first approach consists in analyzing the pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching signals and the line-to-line voltage levels during the switching times, under both healthy and faulty operating conditions. For this purpose, we have adopted an instantaneous representation of these variables, which permits their analysis over one switching period. The fault diagnosis scheme is achieved using simple analog device. This circuit allows an accurate single and multiple faults diagnosis, and a minimization of the fault detection time which becomes about a few tens of microseconds
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Coatnoan, Nicolas. „La Trypanosoma cruzi proline racemase, un marqueur diagnostique et de suivi pour la Maladie de Chagas ?“ Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS315.
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La Maladie de Chagas provoquée par Trypanosoma cruzi sévit en Amérique Latine et Centrale. Cette maladie est difficilement décelable en dehors de la phase aiguë de l’infection. Aucun moyen diagnostique n’est fiable à 100% et ne permet la détection du parasite dans les tissus et aucun vaccin n’est disponible. Le laboratoire a caractérisé la première proline racémase eucaryote qui est également un mitogène pour les cellules B : la Trypanosoma cruzi proline racémase (TcPRAC). C'est un facteur de virulence pour le parasite, indispensable à sa survie. Les gènes TcPRAC sont présents dans tous les génotypes du parasite et sont absents chez les autres trypanosomatidés infectieux. La TcPRAC pourrait être un marqueur spécifique de la Maladie. Nous avons mis en évidence, en utilisant le modèle expérimental, que la TcPRAC est effectivement un marqueur diagnostique spécifique de l’infection mais surtout un marqueur qui permettrait d’affirmer l’efficacité d’un traitement. Nous avons été capables de suivre le processus infectieux en temps réel par imagerie in vivo. Nous avons produits des VHH anti-TcPRAC capables de se fixer sur la TcPRAC intracellulaire exprimée par des parasites vivants in vitro. Nous avons entrepris la mise au point d’un prototype pour la détection des parasites intracellulaires in vivo. Nous avons pu optimiser de nouveaux composés trypanocides dans le but de développer de nouvelles chimiothérapies contre la MaladieChagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi occurs in Latin and Central America. The parasite is difficult to detect outside the acute phase of infection. No diagnostic means is 100% reliable and does not allow detection of the parasite in the tissues and no vaccine is available. The laboratory characterized the first eukaryotic proline racemase which is also a mitogen for B cells: Trypanosoma cruzi proline racemase (TcPRAC). It is a virulence factor for the parasite, essential for its survival. TcPRAC genes are present in all genotypes of the parasite and are absent in other infectious trypanosomatids. TcPRAC could be a specific marker for the disease. We have demonstrated, using the experimental model, that TcPRAC is indeed a specific diagnostic marker of the infection but especially a marker that would make it possible to assert the effectiveness of a treatment. We were able to follow the infectious process in real time by in vivo imaging. We have produced anti-TcPRAC VHHs capable of binding to intracellular TcPRAC expressed by live parasites in vitro. We have initiated the development of a prototype for the detection of intracellular parasites in vivo. We have been able to optimize new trypanocidal compounds in order to develop new chemotherapies against the disease
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Fernandes, Margareth da Rocha. „"Contribuição ao estudo da influência da radiação ionizante pré-operatória sobre a marcação do linfonodo sentinela do reto com azul patente: estudo experimental em ratos"“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-17042006-103113/.
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A radiação ionizante prévia promove alterações actínicas em tecidos peritumorais,o que poderia influenciar a demarcação do linfonodo sentinela.O presente estudo desenvolveu modelo experimental para demarcação do linfonodo sentinela do reto do rato e para definição da dose de radiação (curva de calibração). O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da radiação ionizante pré-operatória sobre a marcação, com corante azul patente, do linfonodo sentinela do reto de ratos. A amostra foi constituída por 40 ratos machos Wistar e dividida em 2 grupos:Grupo 1 (controle não irradiado; n = 20) e Grupo 2 (irradiado com 1200cGy e demarcado 2 dias após; n = 20). Foi observado aumento linear do tempo de coloração do linfonodo no Grupo 2. Concluindo,a irradiação pré-operatória não influiu na demarcação do linfonodo sentinela do reto do ratoPrevious ionizing radiation induces actinic alterations in peritumoral tissues and thus might influence the localization of the sentinel lymph node. The present study developed an experimental model for the localization of the sentinel lymph node of the rectum of the rat and for the definition of the dose of radiation (calibration curve). The objective was to evaluate the influence of preoperative ionizing radiation on the staining of a patent blue dye in the sentinel lymph node of the rectum in rats.The sample was composed of 40 male Wistar rats and was divided in two groups: Group 1 (non-irradiated control; n = 20 ) and Group 2(irradiated with 1200cGy and stained 2 days afterwards; n = 20). It was observed a linear increase in the time for the staining of the lymph in Group 2.In conclusion, preoperative irradiation did not influence the staining of the sentinel lymph node of the rectum in rats
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Rehab, Hichem. „Structure de l'écoulement et mélange dans le champ proche des jets coaxiaux“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10074.
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Le present travail est une etude experimentale de l'ecoulement dans le champ proche des jets coaxiaux a fort rapport des vitesses initiales entre le courant annulaire et central. Les objectifs de l'etude sont de clarifier les mecanismes physiques qui gouvernent la dynamique de l'ecoulement et les regimes d'ecoulement. Deux regimes d'ecoulement sont identifies selon les valeurs du rapport des vitesses initiales comparee a une certaine valeur critique. Le premier regime est caracterise par un cone potentiel central dont la longueur est inversement proportionnelle au rapport des vitesses. Un modele d'entrainement base sur la conservation de la masse et le taux d'entrainement turbulent a travers les couches de melange permet d'expliquer et de predire la longueur du cone potentiel central. Le rapport des vitesses initiales represente le parametre cle de l'ecoulement. Au dela d'une valeur critique du rapport des vitesses, le cone potentiel central se brise et un ecoulement de recirculation s'installe. La bulle de recirculation qui se forme a un mouvement de precession a basse frequence et de large amplitude comparee au mode de jet. Le regime de recirculation favorise un melange precoce a la sortie des injecteurs par rapport au regime non recirculant. Les etapes de l'etablissement de la structure fine du melange dans ces jets sont analysees a l'aide d'un scalaire passif a gran nombre de schmidt. On distingue une etape de declenchement des instabilites de cisaillement, puis un processus de reduction des longueurs a etirement constant jusqu'aux echelles diffusionnelles. Le temps necessaire pour atteindre ces echelles depend du nombre de schmidt, et sa valeur elevee induit une pente anormale (-1) sur le spectre des fluctuations de concentration dans la gamme des echelles inertielles.