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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate"
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Rahmat, Budy, Ida Hodiyah, Apip Supriadi, Memet Hikmat und Gilang Purnama. „Design of biogas digester with thermophilic pretreatment for reducing fruits wastes“. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, S1 (01.10.2019): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00301-y.
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Abstract Purpose This study aimed to design a biogas digester that works thermophilically and mesophilically and tested its performance to produce biogas and digestate. Methods This study used some experimental methods, which consists of: (1) design and construction process of the digester which can facilitate the thermophilic process as a pretreatment of the feedstock and the anaerobic digestion process of the substrate; (2) determination of the quantity of biogas, liquid digestate, and compost; and (3) testing digestate quality as a liquid organic fertilizer for Ipomoea reptans. Results The built biogas digester was able to accommodate thermophilic digestion that runs intensely in the pretreatment tank, where the complex organic compounds, namely cellulose and hemicellulose, decomposed intensively, so that it becomes a suitable substrate. As raw material, every 4 kg of banana waste, can produce biogas, digestate and dry compost of 10,200 cm3 (highest yield), 5900 mL, and 1420 g, respectively. The highest Ipomoea reptans growth was achieved by digestate treatment from banana waste. Conclusions Thermophilic pretreatment could shorten the processing time to 3 days. Digestate treatment as a liquid organic fertilizer is able to provide a better supply of nutrients for plants.
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Baryga, Andrzej, Bożenna Połeć, Andrzej Klasa und Tomasz Piotr Olejnik. „Application of Sugar Beet Pulp Digestate as a Soil Amendment in the Production of Energy Maize“. Processes 9, Nr. 5 (27.04.2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050765.
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This study aimed to determine the suitability of sugar beet pulp digestion by-products as soil amendments for maize grown for energy purposes. In a plot experiment, nitrogen fertilizer at a standard rate of 200 kg N ha−1 was applied as a control vs. treatment with solid and liquid digestate fractions. Digestate was obtained from a gasifier processing only sugar beet pulp. Following harvest, heating and calorific values were determined together with the yield and chemical composition of the maize cob and stover. It was found that soil amendment with crude (unseparated) digestate or its two fractions (separated into liquid and solid) produced higher yields of maize cobs and stover compared with the application of standard fertilizer. An analysis of the energy value of the maize plant revealed differences between the studied soil treatments. Cobs obtained from plots treated with the digestate showed higher calorific and heating values than those obtained from control plots; however, maize stover from control plots showed higher calorific and heating values compared with plants from other experimental plots. It can be concluded that by-products obtained from sugar beet pulp digestion can be alternatively used as a soil amendment for maize production in a crop rotation with sugar beet. Among studied amendments the solid fraction of the digestate was found to have the best performance.
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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Mateusz Wnukowski, Przemysław Seruga, Marcin Baranowski, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk, Krystian Krochmalny und Lukasz Niedzwiecki. „Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation“. Energies 13, Nr. 1 (05.01.2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010262.
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Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.
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Caruso, C., C. Maucieri, A. Barco, A. C. Barbera und M. Borin. „Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and digestate fertilisation on triticale biomass production using fungicide-coated seeds“. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 57, Nr. 1 (07.09.2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2018-0005.
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AbstractCrop fertilisation management using organic wastes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation can play a crucial role in the sustainability of agroecosystems. However, in conventional agricultural systems, agrochemicals like fungicides could reduce the positive effect of AMF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic (biomass production) and environmental (soil CO2 emission) effects of AMF inoculation and digestate spreading on triticale cultivation using commercial seeds coated with fungicide. The field experiment was conducted in 2014–2015 at the University of Padua’s experimental farm (Italy), adopting a split-plot design, where the main plot factor was AMF inoculation (inoculated vs. uninoculated) and the subplot factor was fertilisation treatment (no fertilisation (NF), digestate liquid fraction (DL), digestate solid fraction (DS), mineral fertilisation (MF)). Low AMF root colonization was observed, likely due to the effect of fungicide; the only significant effect of AMF inoculation was a lower shoot density. Dry biomass production was significantly higher in the MF treatment (21.8 ± 1.04 Mg/ha) and lower in the NF treatment (14.5 ± 0.73 Mg/ha) compared to DS and DL treatments, which were not significantly different with an average yield of 17.2 ± 2.10 Mg/ha. During the cropping season, soil CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by either AMF inoculation or fertilisation treatment. The median value of soil CO2 emissions was 447.3 mg/m2 per hour.
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Takao, H., Y. Murayama, T. Saguchi, T. Ishibashi, M. Ebara, K. Irie, H. Yoshioka et al. „Endovascular Treatment of Experimental Cerebral Aneurysms Using Thermoreversible Liquid Embolic Agents“. Interventional Neuroradiology 12, Nr. 1_suppl (Januar 2006): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199060120s126.
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We have developed a new embolic agent, thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP). This polymer is unique in that solidification occurs at body temperature. The utility of this new liquid embolic agent for the treatment of large experimental aneurysms was evaluated angiographically. TGP remains liquid at temperatures below the sol-gel transition temperature (TT) and becomes gelatinous above the TT. TGP can also be used to slowly deliver biologically active substances such as growth factors or engineered cells. In this study, TGP was mixed with radiopaque material without solvent. Bilateral common carotid arteries of swine (n=5) were used for surgical creation of lateral aneurysms, then 1 aneurysm in each animal was embolized using TGP without any protection device. The remaining untreated aneurysm in each animal was used as a control. All aneurysms were successfully embolized using TGP. No distal migration of TGP was observed when aneurysms were embolized without using protection devices. TGP can be safely used to embolize experimental aneurysms. Embolization of aneurysms with a protection device needs to be evaluated. Further modifications such as mechanical stability and use as a drug delivery system will be necessary prior to the clinical application of TGP.
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Berenstein, Alejandro, Joon K. Song, Tomoyuki Tsumoto, Katsunari Namba und Yasunari Niimi. „TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL ANEURYSMS WITH AN EMBOLIC-CONTAINING DEVICE AND LIQUID EMBOLIC AGENT“. Neurosurgery 64, Nr. 2 (01.02.2009): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000335790.91413.64.
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Szymańska, Magdalena, Ewa Szara, Adam Wąs, Tomasz Sosulski, Gijs van Pruissen und René Cornelissen. „Struvite—An Innovative Fertilizer from Anaerobic Digestate Produced in a Bio-Refinery“. Energies 12, Nr. 2 (18.01.2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020296.
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This paper presents the results of a pot experiment aimed at the assessment of the fertilizer value of struvite, a precipitation product obtained from a liquid fraction of the digestate. The effects of struvite (STR), struvite + ammonium sulphate (STR + N) and ammonium phosphate (AP) treatments were examined on maize and grass cultivation on silty loam and loamy sand soil. The crop yields were found to depend on both the soil type and experimental treatment. Crop yields produced under STR and STR + N exceeded those under the control treatments by respectively 66% and 108% for maize, and 94% and 110% for grass. Crop yields under STR + N were similar or greater than those under the AP treatment. The nitrogen recovery by maize and grass reached respectively 68% and 62% from the struvite and 78% and 52% from AP. The phosphorus recovery by maize and grass reached 7.3% and 4.8%, respectively, from struvite (i.e., STR and STR + N), which was lower than that from the AP (18.4% by maize and 8.1% by grass).
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Ismailov, T. A., O. V. Evdulov, M. A. Khazamova, T. A. Ragimova und R. A. M. Magomadov. „THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE FOR INTRACAVITARY HYPOTHERMIA“. Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, Nr. 3 (24.11.2019): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-3-20-31.
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Objectives In this research, we aimed to develop a thermoelectric device (TED) for intracavitary hypothermia, to carry out experimental studies into its functional characteristics, as well as to develop treatment procedures using this device.Method A TED design for intracavitary hypothermia was developed, consisting of two thermoelectric batteries (TEBs) interconnected using an allmetal heat pipeline equipped with an influencing applicator and a liquid heat exchanger. Experimental studies of the device were carried out on a designed bench, which included a climatic chamber, a source of electrical energy and a temperature meter connected to a PC. Results Temperature changes at the control points of the device were recorded over time. Changes in the time taken to stabilise temperatures of the device tip, heat pipe and heat sink system at different TEB supply currents were investigated. Possible methods for treating some ENT diseases using the developed device are described.Conclusion It is shown that the temperature of the applicator is stabilised after approximately 4-4.5 minutes without load. At the same time, an increase in the current of the additional TEB from 5 to 12 A at the main TEB current of 23 A reduces the temperature from 237 K to 224 K. In the process of carrying out the procedures, the necessary level of a decrease in the temperature of a biological object can be reached at the supply current of the main and additional TEBs equal to 23 and 12 A, respectively, after 2.5 minutes. The full potential of the TED device will be realised through the developed of methods for treating ENT diseases.
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Ho, Chii-Dong, Hsuan Chang, Yih-Hang Chen, Jun-Wei Lim und Jing-Wei Liou. „Conjugated Mass Transfer of CO2 Absorption through Concentric Circular Gas–Liquid Membrane Contactors“. Processes 9, Nr. 9 (03.09.2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091580.
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A new design of gas absorption that winds the permeable membrane onto an inner concentric tube to conduct a concentric circular gas–liquid membrane module has been studied theoretically in the fully developed region. An analytical formulation, referred to as conjugated Graetz problems, is developed to predict the concentration distribution and Sherwood numbers for the absorbent fluid flowing in the shell side and CO2/N2 gas mixture flowing in the tube side under various designs and operating parameters. The analytical solutions to the CO2 absorption efficiency were developed by using a two-dimensional mathematical modeling, and the resultant conjugated partial differential equations were solved analytically using the method of separation variables and eigen-function expansion in terms of power series. The predictions of CO2 absorption rate by using Monoethanolamide (MEA) solution in concentric circular membrane contactors under both concurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations are developed theoretically and confirmed with the experimental results. Consistency in both a good qualitative and quantitative sense is achieved between the theoretical predictions and experimental results. The advantage of the present mathematical treatment provides a concise expression for the chemical absorption of CO2 by MEA solution to calculate the absorption rate, absorption efficiency, and average Sherwood number. The concentration profiles with the mass-transfer Graetz number, inlet CO2 concentration, and both gas feed and absorbent flow rates are also emphasized. Both theoretical predictions and experimental results show that the device performance of the countercurrent-flow operation is better than that of the concurrent-flow device operation. The availability of such simplified expressions of the absorption rate and averaged Sherwood as developed directly from the analytical solutions is the value of the present study.
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Fan, Zhong Yun, Yu Bo Zuo und Bo Jiang. „A New Technology for Treating Liquid Metals with Intensive Melt Shearing“. Materials Science Forum 690 (Juni 2011): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.141.
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Melt quality is crucial for both continuous and shape casting of light alloys. Gas, oxides and other inclusions in the melt usually deteriorate the quality of the casting products. Conventional refining techniques, such as filtration and rotary degassing, can refine the melt by removing the inclusions although they are costly and time-consuming. A new technology for liquid metal treatment through intensive melt shearing was developed recently to improve the melt quality prior to metal casting. The new technology uses a simple rotor-stator unit to provide intensive melt shearing, which disperses effectively the harmful inclusions into fine particles to enhance nucleation during the subsequent solidification processing. Experimental results have demonstrated that the high shear unit can be used for general melt treatment, physical grain refinement, degassing and preparation of metal matrix composites and semisolid slurries. In this paper we offer an overview of the high shear device and its application in processing light alloys.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate"
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Uhlířová, Marcela. „Využití membrán pro zpracování odpadních vod ze zemědělství“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443232.
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This thesis deals with an agricultural wastewater treatment (liquid digestate) by membrane technology. There is a fundamental description of characteristics of membrane technology with regard to application of agricultural wastewater treatment in this thesis. Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate is designed and it consists of three steps – microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The first step consists of four filters with different pore sizes (80, 25, 10 and 5 µm). The second step is ultrafiltration and the third and key step is reverse osmosis. In the final step monovalent ions such as NH4+ are separated. Reverse osmosis consists of two stage system which results in higher recovery. Three experiments were carried out in order to verify the efficiency of separation dissolved solids.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate"
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Flouret, Julie, Yves Barré, Hervé Muhr und Edouard Plasari. „Design and Implementation of an Intensified Coprecipitation Reactor for the Treatment of Liquid Radioactive Wastes“. In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96033.
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The coprecipitation is a robust and inexpensive process for the treatment of important volumes of low and intermediate radioactive level liquid wastes. Its major inconvenient is the huge volume of sludge generated. The purpose of this work is to optimize the industrial coprecipitation continuous process by achieving the following objectives: - maximize the decontamination efficiency; - minimize the volume of sludge generated by the process; - reduce the treatment cost decreasing the installation volume. An innovative reactor with an infinite recycling ratio was therefore designed. It is a multifunctional reactor composed of two zones: a perfectly mixed precipitation zone and a classifier to perform liquid-solid separation. The experiments are focused on the coprecipitation of strontium by barium sulphate. The effluent containing sulphate ions and the barium nitrate solution are injected in the reaction zone where strontium and barium coprecipitate as sulphates. The produced solid phase is returned into the reaction zone by the classifier and goes out slowly from the reactor bottom with a residence time much higher than the liquid phase. This creates both a high concentration of solid phase in the reaction zone and a high efficiency of decontamination. The experimental conditions simulate the industrial effluents. The total treatment flow rate is 17 L/h, with an effluent flow rate of 16 L/h and a reactive flow rate of 1 L/h, hence a mean residence time of 10 minutes. In these experimental conditions, the molar ratio sulphate/barium after mixing corresponds to 4.9. These conditions are used in the reprocessing plant of La Hague. The decontamination factor reached in these experimental conditions is excellent: DF = 1500. The decontamination factor obtained with the classical continuous process is only equal to 60. Different process parameters are studied in order to optimize the reactor/classifier: residence time, barium nitrate flow rate and racking flow rate. The decrease of barium nitrate flow rate reduces the volume of sludge generated by the process keeping a high efficiency of strontium decontamination: DF = 400. An excess of sulphate is necessary to perform an efficient decontamination, but the molar ratio sulphate/barium can be reduced to 3 instead of 4.9 used industrially. The reactor/classifier also represents an efficient device for the coprecipitation process intensification. Indeed, it can sensibly reduce the final installation size while treating important volume of effluents. This innovative reactor optimizes both the decontamination efficiency of radioactive liquid wastes and the reduction of sludge volume. A reduction of sulphate ions in the discharge is also possible, which is environmentally friendly.
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Oliveira, Ricardo F., Helena Maria Cabral Marques, Ana V. Machado, José Carlos Teixeira und Senhorinha F. Teixeira. „VHC Performance Evaluation at Connstant Flow: 30 L/Min“. In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52283.
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Asthma treatment provided by a pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) coupled to a Valved Holding Chamber (VHC), in cases of children younger than 5 years old, is a standard well-stablished in the medical community. The lack of experimental studies for comparison of several commercial VHC alternatives is the main goal of this study. The VHC device needs to be evaluated in terms of Fine Particle Mass (FPM) emitted and Performance. Such assessment was made based on a cascade impaction methodology (i.e. Multi-Stage Liquid Impinger - MSLI) at 30 ± 5 L/min. This impactor apparatus is composed by five stage of impaction, where the spray particle size distribution is collected by ranges of aerodynamic diameter, from coarse to fine particles. This evaluation was executed for 8 VHC devices: Aerochamber Plus®, A2A Spacer®, Compact Space Chamber Plus®, Space Chamber Plus®, Nebuchamber®, Vortex®, OptiChamber Diamond® and Volumatic®. The Ventolin® (salbutamol sulphate 100 μg/dose) was the chosen MDI device, due to its widely prescription and acceptance. Drug mass per stage was quantified by UV-Vis Spectrometry, through washing solutions of NaOH 0.01M. Results show clear distinction between the use of MDI alone or coupled with any VHC. Its Emitted Dose (ED) is higher when coupled to a VHC, although the FPM emitted is not different. In other hand the use of VHC provides a reduction from 82.7% to 95.3% of the Throat deposition in comparison to MDI alone. Results point the Aerochamber, Volumatic and Nebuchamber as the highest FPM emitters (27.5 ± 2.4 μg, 27.3 ± 2.7 μg, 26.5 ± 1.8 μg) and with high performance indexes (5.3 ± 0.1, 6.6 ± 1.3, 5.0 ± 0.4). A complete device characteristics analysis is provided, showing that Throat deposition is highly related to the valve design. The Leaflet design (≈5.0 μg) has lower throat deposition than Duck type (≈9.5 μg). A Handling and Attractiveness index is calculated and plotted against the Performance index divided by the device cost. This analysis shows that Volumatic is the best investment (1.73 ± 0.34 £−1) for home / hospital use (2.0 g−1·m−3), while the Aerochamber shows the best portability (53.2 g−1·m−3) and a reasonable investment (1.10 ± 0.02 £−1).