Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Experiment na zvířeti“

The thesis on the topic of the use of laboratory swine in biomedical research is focused on the detailed description of phylogeny and domestication of the species Sus scrofa and the origin of its domesticated form Sus scrofa domestica, a laboratory breeding, nutrition, requirements for space and the animal health conditions. Physiological and anatomical similarities pig with the human organism offers a wide range of the applications in various sectors of the medical research. Pigs, or rather the mini pig breeds are part of the preclinical testing of drugs in toxicology. In dermatology tend to be an experimental model in the healing wounds and burns, or the study of melanoma. Cardiovascular system of pigs is used in connection with the formation of atherosclerosis and congenital heart defects. The omnivorousness of pigs to test of dietary supplements; is also monitored in experimental diabetes, gastric ulcer or cirrhosis of the liver. Just the liver and their ability to regenerate them is in the laboratory pigs the focus of many research groups around the world. The central nervous system offers the opportunity to study stroke, or spinal cord injury. In transgenic animals is studied Huntington's disease and its treatment in humans. Titanium implants and various types of biomaterials are injected into the skeletal system of a pig, then reactions and bone healing are examined. In the area of experimental xenotransplantation could in the future be strains of genetically modified pigs become a source of organs for humans. While unresolved problem is the HAR-Hyperacute Rejection so rejection of the implant, and the risk of transmission of certain diseases from pigs to humans. Payoff experimental pigs is of undoubted importance and need this potential wisely and purposefully use, without wasting experimental animals and unnecessary pain. Emphasis should be placed on adherence to regulatory compliance and the concept of 3R. Actual laboratory pigs breeding is at a high standard. Unfortunately, his major weakness on global scale is incomplete reported data related to exact values used pigs in experiments. In the Czech Republic was the most laboratory pigs used in 1994 exactly 6882 pieces, in 1998 has been used 7122 pieces, higher number of laboratory swine was also reported for the year 2009, namely 4445 pieces. In recent years, the numbers of used laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic have settled around an average value of 2,400 pieces. Using the Mann-Whitney U test were compared to the values used in the laboratory pigs Czech Republic and the European Union, on a per capita basis. From the resulting value of p = 0.486, bigger than alpha = 0.05 it follows, that was not proved a difference in the use of experimental pigs between the Czech Republic and the other member states of the European Union. On the basis of the carried out statistical survey, it can be concluded that the fluctuations and trends in the use of laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic do not replicate those european. The established hypothesis was confirmed.

Background: The main focus of the dissertation is the use of nanofibrous biodegradable materials for the healing support of intestinal anastomoses in colorectal surgery. The altered healing process of intestinal anastomosis leads to several types of local complications. Anastomotic leakage is one of the most feared ones. Severe anastomotic leakage causes peritonitis, sepsis and is a life-threatening condition. Reoperation is necessary in many cases, bringing the need for intensive care, and hospital stays prolongation. Extensive peritoneal adhesions are another source of postoperative complications. These adhesions are a frequent cause of bowel obstruction and abdominal discomfort and are the most common reason for readmission after colorectal procedures. Nanofibrous biodegradable materials showed positive effects on the healing process in various locations. We aimed to develop and perfect a biodegradable patch for both prevention of anastomotic leakage and the formation of extensive peritoneal adhesions. Methods: We conducted 3 subsequential experiments on porcine models. In Experiment A, we managed to develop polycaprolactone and polylactic acid- polycaprolactone copolymer nanofibrous patches and applied them on anastomoses on the small porcine intestine. The animals were observed for 3 weeks....

Possibilities of Portal Vein Reconstruction during Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer - Experiment on a Large Animal Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancy that is known as one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The only potentially curative treatment is radical surgical resection. Because of the lack of early symptoms, the diagnosis is usually made in advanced stages of the disease. In the majority of patients, the tumor is already locally advanced or it has distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Pancreatic cancer tends to infiltrate the portal vein (PV) or the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Nowadays, resection of infiltrated parts of PV/SMV is recommended in specialized centers. There are several established techniques of PV/SMV reconstruction. The use of allogeneic venous grafts seems to be a method with minimal risk of adverse effects but there is only limited experience with these grafts. The optimal anatomical origin of allogeneic venous grafts for PV/SMV reconstruction remains unknown. Aims: The aim of this experiment was to compare two types of allogeneic venous grafts used for PV reconstruction in a large animal model of pancreatico- duodenectomy. These grafts were harvested from the systemic venous system (inferior caval vein grafts - IVC grafts) and...

This diploma thesis analyzes legislation of executing animal experiments and protection of experimental animals. It is divided into five chapters, each of one is focused on specific area of the topic. The first chapter describes legal sources on international, European and state level. The chapter is closed by a subchapter about judicial activity. The second chapter is focused on principles of animal experiments and its two subchapters describe the 3R concept and legal principles of animal experiments. The third chapter concerns theoretical aspects and key concepts of animal experiment. It is divided into four subchapters, which involve the term of animal experiment, welfare, status of living animal in a legal system of Czech Republic and alternatives to animal experiments. Each of this unit is divided into subchapters, which are focused on specific areas. The fourth chapter concerns six subchapters, which describes the authorization for using animals for experiments, persons working with experimental animals, acceptable experiment, experimental animals, project of experiment and executing experiments. Each of this units is divided into subchapters according to focus of each chapter. The last fifth chapter describes delict responsibility and it is divided into two subsections - responsibility in...

Legal regulation of experimental animals handling This thesis deals with the legal regulation of experimental animals handling and their protection in international law, European union law and national law. Its goal is to complexly capture current legislation in this field, point out unsystematic or otherwise unsuitable institutes and propose means of their change. The core of the thesis is a description and an analysis of relevant parts of the Act on Animal Protection Against Cruelty, directives and regulations of the European Union and international treaties. Furthermore the thesis includes a treatise on the legal status of an animal, a brief introduction into ethical issues of animal experiments, historical evolution of relevant legal regulation and questions of administrative and criminal liability in the field of experimental animals handling.

Legal regulation of animal testing The diploma thesis is analyzing current legislation in the field of animal experiments. It is formed by five chapters and each chapter is concerned with different aspects of animal protection, when focusing on experimental animals in particular. The first chapter is divided into three subchapters and it is successively describing development of animal experiments, progress of legislation dealing with animal protection and experimental animal protection on the international and European level, when analyzed is also Czech legislation in the last subchapter. Second chapter is focused on the basic legal sources and its legal foundation. It has four subchapters, when every subchapter explains relevant terms, which are being formulated in the experimental animal protection law. This chapter of the diploma thesis also involves sections dedicated to experiments and alternative methods of the experiments. Following chapter of the thesis (chapter nr. 3) describes legislation of the experimental animal protection and it is constituted by three subchapters, which are regarding ensuring expertness of the experiments, farming of and caring for the experimental animals and also approving, progress and finishing the process of the experiment. Every subchapter is then divided into...

Our work is composed of part done on laboratory rat, part done on magnetic resonance images and autoptic CNS tissue in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control group. In the first part we observed volumetrically and stereologically morphological, right-left asymmetries of structures of CNS, gross marks of neurodegeneration and changes in the number of neurons and conditioned taste aversion (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, parabrachial nucleus, amygdalar complex). We measured under normal conditions and under chronic stress induced by corticosterone. Chronic stress is possible candidate for AD development in humans. We found that structural lesion is side specific (on the right) and it is bound rather to subcellular level and not to absolute neuronal numbers changes. In the second part we examined changes in the grey matter of the CNS (by automatic segmentation and manually) and changes in the white matter of the CNS (tractography) in patients with AD and in controls on magnetic resonance. In the autoptic tissue we focused on asymmetrical morphological changes in the planum temporale and neurohistological changes in its third neuronal layer. We found out that decrease of the hippocampal volume is not accompanied by cerebellar or pontine volume and that reorientation of images is not necessary for...

The animal experiments seem to be current theme of these days. This thesis is focused on using animals, especially rodents, in the Czech Republic for the last ten years. There is also emphasis on the legal principles of animal protection and observance of three "R" principles. In this study there were used data from available sources about using laboratory animals in the Czech Republic. Also there was prepared a questionnaire research in different scientific institutions which use animal models in their researches. There were found out from available sources that the amount of experimental animals is on the same level (about 230 000) during the years 2006-2015. There were no deflection. Also this fact is the same for using rodents (about 120 000) as biomodels. Further there was found out that the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus var. alba) is the most used experimental model. 66,7% of questioned respondents considered the laboratory mouse the most common used laboratory animal and 60% of questioned respondents supposed that the number of used laboratoty animals was decreasing.

Lucie Čadková: Lingvistické schopnosti nonhumánních živočichů 1 ABSTRACT The 20th century has witnessed significant advance in our knowledge of animal communication. Thanks to modern technology, ethologists have made great strides in decoding natural communication systems of non-human animals, while psychologist's attempts to teach a member of another species analogues of human language have met with first success. The unexpected findings called into question the unique status of human language capacities and gave rise to pressure to redefine human language in order to defend human uniqueness. One of the most influential definitions by which the communication systems of non-human animals are guaranteed a priori exclusion from the notion of language was developed by Charles F. Hockett in the 1950s and 1960s. Since then, his design-feature approach has been used, despite a series of paradigm changes in linguistics and key discoveries in cognitive ethology, in support of the claim that humans are the only living creatures endowed with language. The prevailing uncritical acceptance and usage of his theory in the field of animal communication was the impulse to write this thesis. The dissertation aims to shed light on the historical development of the question of animal linguistic abilities and presents the...