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1
Corro, Karla Diaz, Taslima Akter und Sarah Hernandez. „Comparison of Overnight Truck Parking Counts with GPS-Derived Counts for Truck Parking Facility Utilization Analysis“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 8 (25.04.2019): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119843851.
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Increased demand for truck parking resulting from hours-of-service regulations and growing truck volumes, coupled with limited supply of parking facilities, is concerning for transportation agencies and industry stakeholders. To monitor truck parking congestion, the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) conducts an annual observational survey of truck parking facilities. As a result of survey methodology, it cannot capture patterns of diurnal and seasonal use, arrival times, and duration. Truck Global Positioning System (GPS) data provide an apt alternative for monitoring parking facility utilization. The issue is that most truck GPS datasets represent a sample of the truck population and the representativeness of that sample may differ by application. Currently no method exists to accurately expand a GPS sample to reflect population-level truck parking facility utilization. This paper leverages the ARDOT study to estimate GPS “expansion factors” by parking facility type and defines two expansion factors: (1) the ratio of trucks parked derived from the GPS sample to those observed during the Overnight Study, and (2) the ratio of truck volume derived from the GPS sample to total truck volume measured on the nearest roadway. Varied expansion factors are found for public, private commercial (e.g., restaurant, retail store, etc.), and private truck stop facilities. Comparatively, the expansion factor based on roadway truck volumes was at least twice as high as that derived from the Overnight Study. Considering this, the method to determine expansion factors has significant implications on the estimated magnitudes of parking facility congestion, and thus will have consequences for investment prioritization.
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Hamza, A. E., H. H. Qasim, S. A. Alwash, M. M. Fadhel, L. Audah, H. H. Ibrahim, O. S. Hamed, M. I. Hamza und H. A. Saeed. „Design and implement WSN/IoT smart parking management system using microcontroller“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, Nr. 3 (01.06.2020): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp3108-3115.
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With the dramatic expansion of new networks such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet-of-Things (IoT), tremendous opportunities have been emerged to incorporate such technologies for valuable tasks. One of these tasks is the smart car parking where there is an imperative demand to manage the parkings in various facilities which may help drivers to save their time. Several research studies have addressed this task using wide range of approaches. However, the energy consumption is still a serious concern. This paper proposes a smart car parking based on cloud-based approach along with variety of sensors. Passive Infrared Sensors (PIRs) have been used to sense the object motion. While Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors have been utilized to sense the light of the parking alarm and display inmformation regarding the occupied and non-occupied parking lots. Finally, multi-micro controller of Arduino have been exploited in order to transmit the information collected to the server. Finally, a prototype Android application has been developed in order to recieve the infromation from the server. Results of simulation showed the efficacy of the proposed method.
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Atiqur, Rahman. „Smart car parking system model for urban areas“. Computer Science and Information Technologies 2, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v2i2.p95-102.
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This article is on the smart car parking system. In which we going to utilize the ultrasonic sensor to distinguish the vehicle and it will assist the proprietor with finding an advantageous parking spot. Parking spots are significant in city urban areas. In view of the expansion in a huge number of vehicles, the requirement for parking spots is a need, and henceforth an earnest needs to build up a system that can deal with these parking spots. To determine these necessities we build up a system to show the empty path in the parking spots. This includes a system that incorporates an ultrasonic sensor, raspberry pi 4, wifi-module, and a led show outside the vehicle parking entryway. Parking spots are observed by the staff of the concerned power. The paper incorporates the subtleties of parts that are utilized and about the working of this system. The paper likewise shows that our system's looking through an ideal opportunity to locate a free spot is more productive than some other existing system.
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Cheng, Li Ping, Bo Yan und Yong Hai Tan. „Application of CAN Bus and the Layered A* Algorithm in the Parking Guidance System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.887.
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Most parking guidance system is not perfect, in an unknown and complex parking lot, the most urgent problem to the driver is how to find a parking space and find his car from the parking space quickly. In order to solve this problem, in virtue of the improved layered A* algorithm, system fast calculates the optimal path information which is from the entrance to each parking space and from each parking space to the export. Compared with using A* algorithm directly, the calculation time is shorten, the number of traversal nodes is reduced. At the same time, it adopts the integration design idea in the design of hardware and software, and uses international popular CAN to complete the design of network nodes in the parking guidance system, in which the monitoring interface is designed, the parking space information and gateway vehicle information are collected, the optimal path information are displayed. As integration design method was adopted, the design contents are simplified, the development hours are shortened, and the CAN intelligent nodes have a good extendibility and portability. This is the foundation for the expansion of parking lot In the future.
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David, Scott A., und Cliff J. Schexnayder. „Hoisting “Y” Columns at the Phoenix Airport Parking Garage Expansion“. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 5, Nr. 4 (November 2000): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2000)5:4(138).
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Baltrenas, Pranas, Danguole Kaziukoniene und Mindaugas Kvasauskas. „AIR POLLUTION AT PARKING‐LOTS OF VILNIUS“. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 12, Nr. 1 (31.03.2004): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2004.9636813.
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The expansion of Vilnius creates the need for the installation of new parking facilities. This problem could be solved by establishing guarded parking‐lots or modern underground and multi‐storey garages, in order to economize useful land and comply with the requirements of environmentalists. Investigation was carried out on parking‐lots of Vilnius. All the guarded parking‐lots are divided into three types in accordance with the size of the lot and the type of vehicles parked on it. Measurements were carried out at a lot of each type. The concentrations of hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and dust were measured. Guarded parking‐lots located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets, on Architektu and Č. Sugiharos streets were selected for the investigation. The parking‐lot located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets had the highest concentration of nitric oxide overrunning the permitted concentration up to 1,9 times. Besides, the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons also overran the permitted norms. The lowest concentrations were found after measuring dust concentration in the air.
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Chen, Chen, Bing Wu, Liang Xuan, Jian Chen, Tianxiang Wang und Lijun Qian. „A Trajectory Planning Method for Autonomous Valet Parking via Solving an Optimal Control Problem“. Sensors 20, Nr. 22 (11.11.2020): 6435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226435.
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In the last decade, research studies on parking planning mainly focused on path planning rather than trajectory planning. The results of trajectory planning are more instructive for a practical parking process. Therefore, this paper proposes a trajectory planning method in which the optimal autonomous valet parking (AVP) trajectory is obtained by solving an optimal control problem. Additionally, a vehicle kinematics model is established with the consideration of dynamic obstacle avoidance and terminal constraints. Then the parking trajectory planning problem is modeled as an optimal control problem, while the parking time and driving distance are set as the cost function. The homotopic method is used for the expansion of obstacle boundaries, and the Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM) is utilized to discretize this optimal control problem into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. In order to solve this NLP problem, sequential quadratic programming is applied. Considering that the GPM is insensitive to the initial guess, an online calculation method of vertical parking trajectory is proposed. In this approach, the offline vertical parking trajectory, which is calculated and stored in advance, is taken as the initial guess of the online calculation. The selection of an appropriate initial guess is based on the actual starting position of parking. A small parking lot is selected as the verification scenario of the AVP. In the validation of the algorithm, the parking trajectory planning is divided into two phases, which are simulated and analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient in solving a parking trajectory planning problem. The online calculation time of the vertical parking trajectory is less than 2 s, which meets the real-time requirement.
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Ferrarese, Moreno. „A perceptual-behavioural approach with non-parametric experimental coefficient for urban parking business design“. Archives of Transport 37, Nr. 1 (31.03.2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1203200.
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Transportation science and integrated logistics of passengers in the cities provide a detailed study of the movements both on entry to the urban areas than within them. Parking lots are, very often, places of exchange between the motorized and the pedestrian or cycling mode, or between individual and collective motorized modes. As the modern urban civilization is known by its impetuous car parking expansion it becomes essential to design the parking lots bearing in mind the needs of those who will really use them and not referring to the political lobbies in the city administration. The study of parking lot in terms of business and financial design, planning and management after the construction needs is a more accurate determination of the experimental parameters, which enable choice of the model to minimize the uncertainty of the data that will define the revenues according to the Project Financing procedures.
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Sobeslav, Vladimir, und Josef Horalek. „A Smart Parking System Based on Mini PC Platform and Mobile Application for Parking Space Detection“. Mobile Information Systems 2020 (25.10.2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875301.
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Car parking is a major problem in urban areas in developed and also in developing countries. The growing number of vehicles creates a problem with parking spaces mainly in the city center and the surrounding streets. The local authorities have to react with regulations, and the current situation is unpleasant for many citizens. Therefore, the aim of this article is to propose a complex outdoor smart parking lot system based on the mini PC platform with the pilot implementation, which would provide a solution for the aforementioned problem. Current outdoor car park management is dependent on human personnel keeping track of the available parking lots or a sensor-based system that monitors the availability of each car. The proposed solution utilizes a modern IoT approach and technologies such as mini PC platform, sensors, and IQRF. When compared to a specialized and expensive system, it is a solution that is cost-effective and has the potential in its expansion and integration with other IoT services.
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Ivić, Majda, Jelena Kilić, Katarina Rogulj und Nikša Jajac. „Decision Support to Sustainable Parking Management—Investment Planning through Parking Fines to Improve Pedestrian Flows“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 22 (14.11.2020): 9485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229485.
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With the urbanization and expansion of cities, which have taken place over recent decades, new demands and problems are emerging, among which is the problem of inadequate transport infrastructure. The number of motor vehicles is growing, while transport infrastructure is not following that growth fast enough. One of the problems that arises is the insufficient number of garages and parking lots, causing an increase in illegal parking on sidewalks, which impedes and endangers pedestrian traffic. This paper proposes a new decision support concept (DSC) for the management of illegally parked cars in urban centers, which offers a method that can contribute to solving this problem and improving the flow of pedestrians on city roads. Due to its complexity, the problem addressed in this research is recognized as a multicriteria one and therefore the proposed model is based on the use of multicriteria analysis methods—more precisely, the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation—PROMETHEE, and the analytic hierarchy process—AHP. The proposed DSC is validated in the city of Split (Croatia), more precisely in the neighborhood of Sućidar, which shows that this methodology is applicable and effective for finding not a temporary but a permanent solution to the problem described.
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Davis, Robert E. L. „Commercial Driver Rest and Parking Requirements: Making Space for Safety“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1595, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1595-08.
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The research described in this paper sought to address a perceived need for additional commercial vehicle parking space along U.S. Interstate highways by generating ( a) a nationwide description of truck parking spaces at public rest areas, ( b) detailed models of trucker demand for and utilization of public rest area parking spaces, and ( c) an evaluation of the ability of privately owned truck stops throughout the country to accommodate parking needs. Most commercial drivers, motor carriers, and even some privately owned truck stop operators acknowledged that there are parking shortages at some locations at certain times. The research projected a current shortfall of 28,400 truck parking spaces in public rest areas nationwide. It also projected that about one-third of privately owned truck stop operators plan to expand their parking facilities over the next 3 years, increasing total projected capacity at truck stops by about 28,000 spaces. Although some of the shortfall at public rest areas might be satisfied by private expansion efforts, variations in survey methodologies precluded any conclusive determination of substitutability. In addition, the truck drivers surveyed did not appear to substitute privately owned truck stops for public rest areas. The two appear to serve different functions and meet different needs. Although just over half of the sampled drivers expressed a preference for public rest areas for short-term needs, two-thirds indicated a preference for privately owned truck stops for overnight or long-term rest needs. The apparent shortfall of truck parking spaces nationwide is a problem requiring creative resolution by both the public and private sectors to ensure that commercial drivers needing a safe place to stop and rest can find one.
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Song, Sung-Hyun, und Min-Seok Lee. „A Study on Expansion for the Parking Space of Rental Housing Complexes“. Journal of the Korean housing association 24, Nr. 2 (25.04.2013): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2013.24.2.035.
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Mozaffari, Mohammad, Hossein Askarian Abyaneh, Mohammad Jooshaki und Moein Moeini-Aghtaie. „Joint Expansion Planning Studies of EV Parking Lots Placement and Distribution Network“. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 16, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2020): 6455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2964049.
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M. E. Zumrawi, Magdi. „Assessing Causes and Impacts of Traffic Congestion in Khartoum, Sudan“. FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, Nr. 3 (22.02.2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i3.703.
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This paper discusses a serious problem of traffic congestion in Khartoum in order to identify its causes and impacts on society and economy. The literature relating to the problem of traffic congestion were intensively reviewed. The research methodology have been adopted includes questionnaire, interviews and site visits. The data collected were statistically analyzed. The results indicated that the traffic congestion contributing to insufficient road capacity, lack of public transport and parking problems. It was found that traffic congestion has adverse effects such as time consuming, decrease in productivity and fuel consumption. Finally, some major measures were provided to reduce traffic congestion in Khartoum by expansion of roads, managing parking and adopting Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system.
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Nasri, Amirhossein, Amir Abdollahi, Masoud Rashidinejad und M. Hadi Amini. „Probabilistic–possibilistic model for a parking lot in the smart distribution network expansion planning“. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, Nr. 13 (31.07.2018): 3363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.0366.
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Mahmud, Sharif, Amin Asadi, Annabelle R. LaCrue, Taslima Akter, Sarah Hernandez und Sarah Nurre Pinkley. „A Hybrid Agent-Based Simulation and Optimization Approach for Statewide Truck Parking Capacity Expansion“. Procedia Computer Science 184 (2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.03.015.
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17
Mehta, Vikas. „Public Space and COVID-19: Contraction, Expansion, and Adaptation“. Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 3 (30.11.2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i3.1360.
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COVID-19 has hit cities hard. With the closure of places of work and learning, third places, places of leisure and consumption, and more, the pandemic has diminished our territories and contracted public space and public life. But a keen observation reveals a more nuanced picture. In many neighborhoods, an interesting phenomenon of reclaiming much neighborhood space for public use is evident. The repurposing of residential streets, sidewalks, parking lots, and other modest public spaces in neighborhoods shows an expansion of public space and sociability. This expansion is also that of agency. The elimination of events and programming and the cordoning off of standardized equipment has left public space in an unembellished state of bareness. Space is available for citizens to make public. This pandemic has revealed our desire for publicness of the everyday, our ingenuity to use spaces for public life, and what is possible in our cities and in our public spaces.
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SAKAI, Takashi. „The Changes in the Central Part of Kofu City with the Expansion of Parking Spaces“. Japanese Journal of Human Geography 43, Nr. 1 (1991): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.43.67.
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Rye, Tom, Tom Cowan und Stephen Ison. „Expansion of a Controlled Parking Zone (CPZ) and its Influence on Modal Split: The Case of Edinburgh“. Transportation Planning and Technology 29, Nr. 1 (Februar 2006): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081060600585368.
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Du, Jifeng, Mengxiao Yu und Junhua Yan. „The Impact of Impervious Surface Expansion on Soil Organic Carbon: A Case Study of 0–300 cm Soil Layer in Guangzhou City“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 14 (15.07.2021): 7901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147901.
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Empirical evidence shows that the expansion of impervious surface threatens soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in urbanized areas. However, the understanding of deep soil excavation due to the vertical expansion of impervious surface remains limited. According to the average soil excavation depth, we divided impervious surface into pavement (IS20), low-rise building (IS100) and high-rise building (IS300). Based on remote-sensing images and published SOC density data, we estimated the SOC storage and its response to the impervious surface expansion in the 0–300 cm soil depth in Guangzhou city, China. The results showed that the total SOC storage of the study area was 8.31 Tg, of which the top 100 cm layer contributed 44%. The impervious surface expansion to date (539.87 km2) resulted in 4.16 Tg SOC loss, of which the IS20, IS100 and IS300 contributed 26%, 58% and 16%, respectively. The excavation-induced SOC loss (kg/m2) of IS300 was 1.8 times that of IS100. However, at the residential scale, renovating an IS100 plot into an IS300 plot can substantially reduce SOC loss compared with farmland urbanization. The gains of organic carbon accumulation in more greenspace coverage may be offset by the loss in deep soil excavation for the construction of underground parking lots, suggesting a need to control the exploitation intensity of underground space and promote residential greening.
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Semykina, Olena. „MAIN TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN AIRPORTS“. Current problems of architecture and urban planning, Nr. 59 (01.03.2021): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.306-315.
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The article highlights the experience of design and construction with the expansion of existing airports, considers the factors that shape the development trends of modern international airports. Some general principles and methods of expansion of international airports are revealed. The formation of modern airports is influenced by many factors, primarily socio-economic and trends in air transport. In the last 20, 30 years, the largest percentage of the world's reconstruction is with the mandatory expansion of airports. Thus, the main issues of development of modern airports are the principles and methods of their expansion. Additional factors influencing the reconstruction of modern airports are issues of terrorist and virological security. If the issue of terrorist threats has influenced functional decisions for several decades, the virological threat is quite new and requires a comprehensive study and implementation of new measures of various kinds. Also, the purpose of the reconstruction of modern airports is to improve the level of comfort and safety, which are the main factors in the marketing struggle for air passengers and air cargo. The publication considers several typical modern examples of airport reconstruction, both in Europe and in the post-Soviet space - Kutaisi (Georgia), Marseille (France), Oslo (Norway), Amsterdam (Netherlands). The publication highlights that the expansion of the airport requires some mandatory stages. Namely, determining the appropriateness of the expansion and the main functional tasks for which this expansion should take place, determining the principles and techniques by which the expansion of the terminal will be most rational, determine whether the increase in passenger traffic requires runway expansion, determine how the increase in passenger traffic additional functions (parking, trade and food services, etc.).
Of the above examples of expansion of modern airports, the most accurate is the method of expansion, which is a kind of symbiosis of building a new terminal with redistribution of functions between the new and old terminal, and with the simultaneous addition of necessary planning transitions and galleries.
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Hollý, Ivan, und Juraj Bilčík. „Effect of Chloride-Induced Steel Corrosion on Working Life of Concrete Structures“. Solid State Phenomena 272 (Februar 2018): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.226.
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The reinforcing steel embedded in concrete is generally protected against corrosion by the high alkalinity (pH = 12.5 to 13.5) of the concrete pore solution. The structural degradation of concrete structures due to reinforcement’s corrosion has an impact on the safety, serviceability and durability of the structure. The corrosion of reinforcements in the construction of a transport infrastructure (especially bridges), parking areas, etc., is primarily initiated by chlorides from de-icing salts. When corrosion is initiated, active corrosion results in a volumetric expansion of the corrosion products around the reinforcing bars against the surrounding concrete. Reinforcement corrosion causes a volume increase due to the oxidation of metallic iron, which is mainly responsible for exerting the expansive radial pressure at the steel–concrete interface and development of hoop tensile stresses in the surrounding concrete. When this tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete, cracks are generated. Higher corrosion rates can lead to the cracking and spalling of the concrete cover. Continued corrosion of reinforcement causes a reduction of total loss of bond between concrete and reinforcement.
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Yazel-Smith, Lisa, Andrew Merkley, Robin Danek und Cynthia Stone. „Expanding The Indianapolis Cultural Trail: A Health Impact Assessment“. Chronicles of Health Impact Assessment 3, Nr. 1 (04.06.2018): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22312.
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Background
Health Impact Assessments (HIA) are a tool used to measure the effect of policies and/or projects that may influence the health of populations. As a way to increase HIA practitioners, university courses in HIA can benefit both students and community organizations by presenting real-world opportunities for students to conduct HIA while partnering with community organizations or policy makers.
Methods
In order to conduct the rapid HIA to assess the Indiana Cultural Train (ICT) expansion, students in a graduate-level course conducted a five step HIA process of screening, scoping, assessment, recommendations and reporting, and monitoring and evaluating three potential trail expansion routes. Students examined local health data, conducted walkability assessments, and conducted seven key stakeholder interviews to gather data.
Results
The results of data analysis show that the Riley Hospital Drive/Gateway Bridge is the best potential route for expansion due to safety considerations and the impact on the adjacent Ransom Place neighborhood. Six of the seven key informants were in favor of the expansion, with the two most cited reasons being additional space for exercise and recreation and the potential economic impact and connection to local businesses in the area.
Conclusions
The expansion across the proposed Gateway Bridge would combat parking issues associated with expanding the trail through Ransom Place as well as be the safest way to approach the large intersections. With local residents’ concerns of gentrification and safety in mind, the ICT trail expansion could lead to increased health outcomes by offering additional space for exercise, recreation, and active transportation.
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Moradijoz, Mahnaz, Jaafar Heidari, Mohsen Parsa Moghaddam und Mahmoud Reza Haghifam. „Electric vehicle parking lots as a capacity expansion option in distribution systems: a mixed‐integer linear programing‐based model“. IET Electrical Systems in Transportation 10, Nr. 1 (März 2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-est.2018.5062.
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Juškevičius, Pranciškus. „DEVELOPMENT OF VILNIUS STREET NETWORK/VILNIAUS GATVIŲ TINKLO FORMAVIMAS“. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2, Nr. 7 (30.09.1996): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1996.10531656.
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The planning of city street network expansion faces a new problem in Lithuania—indetermination of the city development. The model of street network and its loading has demonstrated the possible variant of relatively balanced development of urban street network. But in spite of this it does not close the increasing gap between the need for street network capacities and possibilities available. The main strategic trend in street network development is gradual forming the street network subsystem of the highest category. It should be supplemented by the reconstruction of the existing crossings as well as by creating new regulation equipment of high quality. One of the components of street network development strategy is the restriction of traffic and parking in the city centre and old town.
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Longstreth, Richard. „Sears, Roebuck and the Remaking of the Department Store, 1924-42“. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, Nr. 2 (01.06.2006): 238–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068266.
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Less than two decades after Sears, Roebuck-once the nation's largest mail-order business-entered the retailing business in 1924, it had gained prominence in that field nearly equal to that of its competitors. This unprecedented rate of expansion was marked by innovations in merchandising and store design. Sears was a pioneer in creating department stores that catered to men as well as women, that eschewed style in favor of practicality in merchandise, and that allowed customers to select goods without the aid of a clerk. The buildings likewise broke from convention. They were generally oriented to motorists-set apart from existing business districts amid residential areas occupied by their target audience; had ample, free, off-street parking; and communicated a clear corporate identity. In the 1930s, the company designed fully air-conditioned, "windowless" stores whose layout was driven wholly by merchandising concerns. In all these respects, Sears set important precedents that were widely followed by other major retailers after World War II.
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Zapototska, V. „THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF HOUSING STOCK IN UKRAINE“. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, Nr. 72 (2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.72.7.
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The article deals with theoretical and applied aspects of the reconstruction of the housing stock, the possible directions of reconstruction of the housing stock in Ukraine are analyzed. The article deals with theoretical and applied aspects of the reconstruction of the housing stock, analyzed the possible directions of reconstruction of the housing stock in Ukraine. It was established that the complex reconstruction of existing districts is a process of transformation of the urban environment, the content and duration of which are determined by interrelated actions, which should be aimed not only at technical and technological transformation, but also on architectural and aesthetic changes, changes in the accessibility and comfort of living conditions inhabitants. The complex approach, as a methodological principle of designing, should ensure normal living and functioning of objects in the urban environment and determine the decision to update all its elements. It is revealed that the effectiveness of the complex approach to designing the reconstruction is enabled to consider all components of the transformation object in the most important interconnections. The article analyzes regional differences in the distribution of dilapidated and emergency housing stock. It was found that the highest values of indicators of the total area of dilapidated and emergency housing are concentrated in Kharkiv, Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Poltava and Cherkasy regions. This oblast has almost two-thirds of the total area of dilapidated and emergency housing. The fourth part of dilapidated and emergency housing in Ukraine is concentrated in Sumy, Kyiv, Lviv, Zaporozhye, Khmelnytsky, Rivne, Chernihiv, Ternopil, Kherson, Ivano-Frankivsk and Volyn regions. But only about 6% of them are in Mykolaiv, Luhansk, Chernivtsi, Kyiv, Zakarpattia and Kirovograd regions. It was established that in Ukraine the predominant type of residential development which is to be reconstructed are the buildings of the 1960s-1980s. For the most part, these five-storey buildings that have already run out of service, are subject to demolition or reconstruction. Accordingly, the reconstruction of these areas of development is a process of deep reconstruction of the urban environment, the content of which is marked by interrelated steps in the design, planning and implementation of reconstruction activities. The organization of reconstruction should provide for the solution of issues related to the expansion of functions such as landscaping and landscaping, the organization of recreation areas and public spaces, renovation of engineering facilities, changing the functions of the first floors of buildings, the organization of parking and parking, and compliance with sanitary and hygiene requirements. In order to reconstruct residential neighbourhoods, it is also necessary to organize internal passages and parking, to provide landscaping yard space, to arrange the functional load of the peasant territories. The experience of reconstruction of the outdated housing stock is researched in this work. Particularly close to Ukraine are the ways, methods and principles of housing reconstruction in Europe. Significant results in the reconstruction of an outdated housing stock were Germany, Poland, Sweden, and Latvia. It is established that possible ways of solving the problem of outdated housing stock can be a complete demolition, as well as reconstruction with the use of modern technologies. Possible methods of reconstruction may be the superstructure of floors with the use of reinforced concrete or metal frame or superstructure of other 4-5 floors with the expansion of the area of development, where the apartments will already meet the modern standards.
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Saputra, Pande I. Putu Angga, und Saptono Nugroho. „Strategi Pemasaran Usaha Art Shop Lokal Di Desa Tegallalang Kabupaten Gianyar“. JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 6, Nr. 1 (01.07.2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2018.v06.i01.p18.
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Art shop in Tegallalang is one of the businesses that were built by the community with a small capital as well as the livelihoods of local communities. The expansion of the art shop in Tegallalang causing the large number of tourists visiting Tegallalang, it is also supported by the presence of a tourism destination with the beauty of rice fields across the village that is known for its slender stones.
This research uses qualitative descriptive method, i.e. by doing interviews, observation, documentation, library studies and questionnaires. The technique of determination of informants used is purposive sampling technique and determination of the sample using the quota sampling and accidental sampling.
The result of this study show a marketing strategy that can be used by traders to face competition that is creating cultural tourism atttractions activities, introducing product manufacturing techniques to consumer, improving the ability in technologi, providing parking lots and transit places, providing facilities that can facilitate employes in work, improving quality or multiplaying product models, working with other in buying raw materials, make arrangement of prices agreement with other art shop and angage in English training.
Keywords: Businesses, local Art shop, marketing strategies, and competitiveness
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Janssen, Caroline, William Barbour, Erin Hafkenschiel, Mark Abkowitz, Craig Philip und Daniel B. Work. „City-to-City and Temporal Assessment of Peer City Scooter Policy“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, Nr. 7 (05.06.2020): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120921848.
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This paper presents a micromobility scooter policy comparison between 10 mid-sized peer cities with respect to 12 policy dimensions. Because of the evolutionary nature of the policy, a temporal analysis of policy dimensions is required, which we conduct and present in this work. The impact of these individual policies reaches across the city itself, the operating company, and the mobility user—all of which are assessed throughout this work. Many of these policy dimensions are acute pain points for cities, such as fleet caps, permitting fees, and equity requirements. In the temporal analysis, some dimensions show not just happenstance variability in attempts to manage forms of micromobility, but appreciable trends. Approximately 1 year after the deployment of dockless electric scooters in cities throughout the United States and the world, cities have made multiple attempts at regulations and legislation to handle the new mobility mode. Throughout this time, cities have agreed from the start in some aspects of policy such as device removal, safety, speed limit, and bonds. In other dimensions, such as fleet expansion plans, equity regulations, and parking requirements, cities see directed movement over time toward a convergence point.
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Adelisna, Adelisna, Makmur Kambolong und Liwaul Liwaul. „Strategi Pemerintah dalam Pengembangan Objek Wisata Pantai Mileura di Desa Lakarinta : Studi Pada Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata di Kabupaten Muna“. NeoRespublica : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 1, Nr. 1 (20.12.2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52423/neores.v1i1.9700.
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The objectives of this study are: 1) To know how the government's strategy in developing Mileura Beach tourism objects in Lakarinta Village 2) to know any factors that affect the development of Mileura Beach Tourism Objects in Lakarinta Village. This research is a descriptive study with the support of qualitative data. Data collection techniques were obtained through interview observation and documentation. Determination of informants obtained by purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the strategy used by the district government in this case the Department of Tourism in developing Mileura tourism objects includes: increasing tourism promotion, improving facilities and infrastructure, forming tourism awareness groups, even fixing supporting infrastructure such as the addition of cliffside gazebos , road restoration for resting places in Mileura port area, cendra mata kiosk, parking expansion, road widening. The two tourism programs in Muna Regency in its implementation are influenced by two factors, namely supporting factors, attraction of tourism objects and local community participation and inhibiting factors including land status, human resources, security of tourist areas and facilities and infrastructureKeywords : Government, Development, Tourism, Strategic
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Vyas, Maria, Jeffery Harris, Ted Knowlton, G. J. LaBonty, Ronald T. Milam, Shawn Seager, Chris Williges und Lisa Zundel. „Applying Innovative Performance Metrics for Corridor Evaluation“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 44 (28.07.2018): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118788463.
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Widespread application of traditional performance metrics such as vehicle level of service has resulted in transportation networks that are often suited for only one mode of transportation to the detriment of others. Moreover, the continued investment in capacity expansion intended to meet level of service expectations increases financial burdens on transportation agencies for the capital, operating, and maintenance costs of these facilities, without regard to whether those resources are being used efficiently. Shifting focus to alternative and more comprehensive performance metrics can result in a more economical approach to transportation infrastructure, allowing communities to understand what investment combinations provide the best bang for the buck. Innovative performance metrics also allow communities to consider priorities beyond level of service, and design infrastructure accordingly. The Wasatch Front Central Corridor Study, undertaken in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, is one example of a regional application of efficiency-focused performance metrics such as person throughput, seat utilization, benefit–cost ratio, access to employment, and economic impacts. Further research opportunities could include development of best practices to standardize benefit–cost analysis for transportation projects, other methods of evaluating overall system efficiency, and the role of parking policy and land use change in maximizing use of transportation resources.
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F. Hussein, Loay, Anis Ben Aissa, Islam Abdalla Mohamed, Saed Alruwaili und Abdalazi Alanzi. „Development of a Secured Vehicle Spot Detection System Using GSM“. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 15, Nr. 04 (26.02.2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i04.19267.
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The number of vehicles stolen is increasing annually. The alarm system for vehicles is commonly used to expose the burglars publicly to make a scene. If the vehicle owner is far away, it will be hard to distinguish the threat to the vehicle from the intruder. To deter such crime, there should be a safer protection mechanism for vehicles around the globe. Moreover, overcrowd parking lot problems have always been an issue. Nevertheless, it became even worse with the progressing urbanization and population expansion. Anyone may have experienced that moment of panic when you realize you have no idea where you parked your vehicle. Note that, the keyless remote control of vehicles has a short-range radio transmitter. It usually can reach up 5–20 meters. Therefore, this paper develops a proposed system that is used for detecting vehicle location using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It is basically capable to switch ON and OFF vehicle alarm system to detect the location of the vehicle in a crowded area. PIC microcontroller that has been embedded in the system programmed using C language. The intelligent proposed system also designs to enhance the security feature for the transportation era. The proposed system offers better service and cost-effective for the vehicle owners.
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Harris, F. „MANAGEMENT OF MANURE IN FARMING SYSTEMS IN SEMI-ARID WEST AFRICA“. Experimental Agriculture 38, Nr. 2 (28.03.2002): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000212.
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The last 50 years have seen a rapid expansion of cultivated area in semi-arid areas of West Africa. This has precipitated a change from traditional fallowing to more pro-active soil fertility management techniques. Smallholder farmers employ a range of technologies to enhance soil fertility and manure is a cornerstone of many of the soil fertility management strategies they use. This paper reviews manure management by smallholder farmers. It considers factors that affect the quality of the manure used, including methods for keeping livestock and storing manure. The paper reviews the strategies, such as night parking and crop-livestock integration, which farmers employ to ensure that manure reaches their fields. The nutrient balances of two farming systems are presented as evidence for the importance of manure as a nutrient source. Rangeland-to-cropland nutrient transfers are contrasted with nutrient recycling through crop-livestock integration. The paper concludes that within the constraints in which smallholder farmers operate in semi-arid West Africa, manure will remain an important component of soil fertility management strategies for the foreseeable future. Integrated nutrient management strategies that take into consideration the circumstances of farmers, and the resources available to them, are the best way forward. Appropriate interventions need to focus on improving manure management to ensure that the material which farmers so laboriously prepare and transport is of the best possible quality.
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Papadimos, Christopher. „Vibration Case Study: Master Planning and Design of a Science and Technology Park“. Journal of the IEST 49, Nr. 2 (01.10.2006): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.49.2.932g26u16604787u.
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Science and technology parks have become increasingly popular over the past few years in attracting research groups from diverse backgrounds, providing for opportunities for cross-pollination of various research disciplines, and acting as a favorable platform in limiting the risk and initial costs of start-up or incubator companies. During a recent engagement for site master planning and designing of a state-of-the-art research and technology park, the staff needed to overcome numerous challenges to provide for a vibration environment that would be acceptable for the range of anticipated research activities in the park and within each building while making provisions for future flexibility and phases of expansion. This paper presents (1) some of the constraints of the selected site, such as existing soil conditions and vibration exposure due to existing transportation facilities, that were documented by extensive site testing; (2) how vibration exposure maps developed for the site were used to aid in the proper master planning of the park; (3) other site planning efforts that were required to ensure new transportation facilities serving the park and parking facilities within research buildings were appropriately placed, and the limitations for such facilities; and (4) how research space layouts were developed, vibration criteria were selected, and building designs were developed to address anticipated research uses while making provisions for future flexibility.
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Tеtiana Kuzmenko, Tеtiana, und Andrii Dmytrenko. „APPROACHES TO INCREASING THE LANDSCAPE CAPACITY OF A BIG CITY“. Current problems of architecture and urban planning, Nr. 60 (26.04.2021): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.226-236.
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The article considers the problem of limiting the territory of large cities in terms of expansion and expansion of park areas. The issues of landscape organization of local territories of large cities are raised: arrangement of entrance zones and railway green strips, organization of flat green coverings over platform spaces, arrangement of means of landscaping of semi-underground and underground garages, functional delimitation of pedestrian territories. The concept of semiotic units of landscape design is illustrated: point, line, plane, mass. Methods of distinguishing fragments of the urban environment and examples from foreign experience are given.
The high concentration of anthropomorphic activity, creating a number of unconditional advantages, has led to a violation of the optimal balance between natural and artificial components of the landscape. As a result, cities feel an urgent need to maximize the natural component of the urban environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the approach of humanity to a critical limit, beyond which the process of deterioration of the biosphere will be beyond his control.
The aim of the article is to generalize the experience of using landscape design tools to create a safe environment, enrich the city with landscaping elements, which are located not in traditional parks, but in local recreation areas, to design pedestrian spaces, create certain barriers between pedestrians and parking lots. favorable microclimate in the territories adjacent to production zones and railways, etc .; as well as developing approaches to increase the landscape potential of a large city and improve the microclimate of the urban environment.
Transforming the landscape of large cities using landscaping tools and techniques will lead to a more harmonious relationship between anthropogenic and natural components of the urban environment, and ultimately reduce the factors that adversely affect human health. Attitudes towards the use of landscape design to achieve the artistic expressiveness of the urban environment is increasingly becoming an indicator of the civilization of the country.
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Oleson, K. W., G. B. Bonan, J. Feddema, M. Vertenstein und C. S. B. Grimmond. „An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities“. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, Nr. 4 (01.04.2008): 1038–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1597.1.
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Abstract Urbanization, the expansion of built-up areas, is an important yet less-studied aspect of land use/land cover change in climate science. To date, most global climate models used to evaluate effects of land use/land cover change on climate do not include an urban parameterization. Here, the authors describe the formulation and evaluation of a parameterization of urban areas that is incorporated into the Community Land Model, the land surface component of the Community Climate System Model. The model is designed to be simple enough to be compatible with structural and computational constraints of a land surface model coupled to a global climate model yet complex enough to explore physically based processes known to be important in determining urban climatology. The city representation is based upon the “urban canyon” concept, which consists of roofs, sunlit and shaded walls, and canyon floor. The canyon floor is divided into pervious (e.g., residential lawns, parks) and impervious (e.g., roads, parking lots, sidewalks) fractions. Trapping of longwave radiation by canyon surfaces and solar radiation absorption and reflection is determined by accounting for multiple reflections. Separate energy balances and surface temperatures are determined for each canyon facet. A one-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved numerically for a 10-layer column to determine conduction fluxes into and out of canyon surfaces. Model performance is evaluated against measured fluxes and temperatures from two urban sites. Results indicate the model does a reasonable job of simulating the energy balance of cities.
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Tu, Yuanjie, Peng Chen, Xu Gao, Jiawen Yang und Xiaohong Chen. „How to Make Dockless Bikeshare Good for Cities: Curbing Oversupplied Bikes“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 6 (16.04.2019): 618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837963.
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After experiencing many years of shrinkage, bike mode share has enjoyed a large-scale renaissance since 2016 with the birth of dockless bikeshare. The rapid expansion of dockless bikeshare, however, is coincident with the serious oversupply of bikes and chaos of parking on the streets. Predicting the right level of dockless bike use is essential to maintain the order of the road space. This study aims to control the number of dockless public bikes in each neighborhood. With data obtained from a smartphone app, MoBike, this study examines factors associated with dockless bikeshare. A generalized additive mixed model is applied to investigate associations between dockless bike trip density and various factors. The results are: floor area ratio, which represents density, is positively associated with dockless bike trip density; percentages of residential, industrial, and green spaces, and degrees of mixed land use, are positively related to dockless bike trip density; densities of primary and secondary roads are positively related to dockless bike trip density, while the density of intersections is negatively associated with dockless bike trip density; females and children are less likely to ride dockless bikes; and dockless bikes are more often used during peak hours, on sunny or cloudy days, and on weekdays. To promote dockless bike use, the right level supply for different weather, time, and location conditions should be identified, encouraging dense urban development in establishing a friendly biking environment, and improving street connectivity to reduce the impedance of biking in intersection dense areas.
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Wei, Wei, Peiyi Shen, Ying Zhang und Liang Zhang. „Information Fields Navigation with Piece-Wise Polynomial Approximation for High-Performance OFDM in WSNs“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/901509.
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Since Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are dramatically being arranged in mission-critical applications,it changes into necessary that we consider application requirements in Internet of Things. We try to use WSNs to assist information query and navigation within a practical parking spaces environment. Integrated with high-performance OFDM by piece-wise polynomial approximation, we present a new method that is based on a diffusion equation and a position equation to accomplish the navigation process conveniently and efficiently. From the point of view of theoretical analysis, our jobs hold the lower constraint condition and several inappropriate navigation can be amended. Information diffusion and potential field are introduced to reach the goal of accurate navigation and gradient descent method is applied in the algorithm. Formula derivations and simulations manifest that the method facilitates the solution of typical sensor network configuration information navigation. Concurrently, we also treat channel estimation and ICI mitigation for very high mobility OFDM systems, and the communication is between a BS and mobile target at a terrible scenario. The scheme proposed here combines the piece-wise polynomial expansion to approximate timevariations of multipath channels. Two near symbols are applied to estimate the first-and second-order parameters. So as to improve the estimation accuracy and mitigate the ICI caused by pilot-aided estimation, the multipath channel parameters were reestimated in timedomain employing the decided OFDM symbol. Simulation results show that this method would improve system performance in a complex environment.
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Kesikoglu, M. H., U. H. Atasever, C. Ozkan und E. Besdok. „THE USAGE OF RUSBOOST BOOSTING METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF IMPERVIOUS SURFACES“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (14.10.2016): 981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-981-2016.
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Impervious surface areas are artificial structures covered by materials such as asphalt, stone, brick, rooftops and concrete. Buildings, parking lots, roads, driveways and sidewalks are shown as impervious surfaces. They increase depending on the population growth. The spatial development of impervious surface expansion is necessary for better understanding of the urbanization status and its effect on environment. There are different impervious surface determining approaches met in literature. In this paper, it is aimed to extract the impervious surface areas of Kayseri city, Turkey by using remote sensing techniques. It is possible to group these techniques under a few main topics as V-I-S (vegetation-impervious surface-soil) model, based on spectral mixture analysis or decision tree algorithms or impervious surface indices. According to these techniques, we proposed a new technique by using RUSBoost algorithm based on decision tree in this study. In this scope, Landsat 8 LDCM image belonging to July, 2013 was used. Determining of impervious surface areas accurately depends on accuracy of image classification methods. Therefore, satellite image was classified separately by using Classification Tree and RUSBoost boosting method which increases accuracy of the classification method based on decision tree. Classification accuracies of these supervised classification methods were compared and it was observed that the best overall accuracy was obtained with RUSBoost method. For this reason, RUSBoost method was preferred to determine impervious surface areas. The overall accuracies were obtained 95 % with Classification Tree and 97 % with RUSBoost boosting method.
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Rohmawati, Iis. „FORMULASI STRATEGI PEMASARAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISA QSPM (STUDI PADA SUOKLAT CAFE DI SURABAYA)“. Aplikasi Administrasi: Media Analisa Masalah Administrasi 20, Nr. 2 (22.03.2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/aamama.v20i2.85.
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The aim of this research is: (1) Identifying and analyzing internal and external environment of the company that influence the marketing strategy of Suoklat Cafe. (2) Formulating the alternative marketing strategy of Suoklat Cafe that is obtained from the analysis result. (3) Formulating and setting the strategy formula that is most suitable to improve Suoklat Cafe. The data collection is taken from April to August 2016 in Suoklat Cafe located in Surabaya.Internal Analysis (IFE) results the primary factor focusing on chocolate products with the score 0,172. Meanwhile, the main weakness from this business is the less appropriate management implementation process scoring 0, 117. When the two internal factors are combined, the average total score is 2, 635.External Analysis (EFE) results main opportunity that can be used by Suoklat Cafe in order to face the competition; hanging out culture in Cafe in Surabaya by 0,216. The main threat that can be obtained from the calculation shows through the strong factor of bargaining high supplier, scoring 0, 212. Based on the two external factors that is obtained, the average score is 2, 916. IE Analysis in Suoklat Cafe positions it in quadrant V, known as maintaining and preserving strategy. SWOT analysis results strategies that can be applied: (1) Maintaining the price, increasing the variation and the product quality in order to enchance the loyality and consumers' satisfactions, (2) Expanding the market share, (3) Maintaining and improving the service quality towards the consumers (4) improving the internal managemeny of the company (5) streghten the capital through cooperations with the media, the investors, and the governmeny agencies (6) analyzing the competitors to find out tje advantages and the disadvantages, and also streghten the consumer-supplier relationship to help increase the loyality (7) Improving the effeciency and effectiveness of the employee's work, expanding the location of the parking area or cooperating with local authorities, also increasing the technology. The QSPM processing results the production of main prior strategy that sets market share expansion to face the competition with TAS 6, 422. Keyword :Strategy formulation, Marketing, SWOT, QSPM.
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Marsalek, Jiri, und Hans Schreier. „Innovation in Stormwater Management in Canada: The Way Forward“. Water Quality Research Journal 44, Nr. 1 (01.02.2009): v—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2009.001.
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Abstract Rapid urban expansion, increased traffic, ageing infrastructure, greater climatic variability, and the need for enhanced sustainability of urban water resources pose significant challenges to conventional stormwater management. Innovative approaches are needed in order to mitigate the risk of flooding, pollution, and aquatic ecosystem degradation, and enhance beneficial uses of urban waters. To examine such approaches, a series of three regional conferences on innovative stormwater management were held in Vancouver, Calgary, and Toronto during 2007 to 2008 under the sponsorship of the Canadian Water Network (CWN) and the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Authors of selected conference papers providing information on innovative approaches to mitigating the risk of flooding and reducing pollution impacts at the property, neighbourhood, and watershed scales were then invited to submit journal papers, and those accepted in the review process were included in this Special Issue of the Water Quality Research Journal of Canada. An overview of the selected papers indicates that no single innovative measure is adequate under all circumstances,and a multibarrier approach is deemed to be most effective. Examples of innovations at the property level include harvesting roof runoff and reusing water, managing rainwater by infiltration in swales and into soils in bioretention areas, minimizing impervious surfaces, and using pervious pavement. At the neighbourhood level, runoff impacts are mitigated by designing roads without curbs, gutters, and drain pipes, and diverting runoff into infiltration channels, swales, and wetlands. Creating roads and parking lots with pervious pavement and draining runoff from such surfaces into infiltration basins is also discussed. Among stormwater quality source controls, potential effects of street sweeping on runoff quality enhancement were assessed. New innovations at the watershed scale include: (a) the creation of wide riparian buffer zones that can detain water, remove sediments, and mitigate nutrient export and other pollutant effects, (b) the minimization of channelization of streams and rivers, and (c) the designation of floodwater storage areas. A new water balance model that is linked to a global information system (GIS) and works at all the three scales offers the best option to conceptualize stormwater problems, and their mitigation, in urban watersheds. Finally, the aim of this Special Issue is to promote examples of successful innovative approaches to improving stormwater management in Canadian cities, hoping that other practitioners will build on this experience and bring stormwater management practice to the next higher level.
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Bartelt, M. C., J. W. Evans und M. L. Glasser. „The car‐parking limit of random sequential adsorption: Expansions in one dimension“. Journal of Chemical Physics 99, Nr. 2 (15.07.1993): 1438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465338.
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Itoh, Yoshiaki, und Hosam M. Mahmoud. „One-sided variations on interval trees“. Journal of Applied Probability 40, Nr. 03 (September 2003): 654–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200019628.
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The binary interval tree is a random structure that underlies interval division and parking problems. Five incomplete one-sided variants of binary interval trees are considered, providing additional flavors and variations on the main applications. The size of each variant is studied, and a Gaussian tendency is proved in each case via an analytic approach. Differential equations on half scale and delayed differential equations arise and can be solved asymptotically by local expansions and Tauberian theorems. Unlike the binary case, in an incomplete interval tree the size determines most other parameters of interest, such as the height or the internal path length.
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Itoh, Yoshiaki, und Hosam M. Mahmoud. „One-sided variations on interval trees“. Journal of Applied Probability 40, Nr. 3 (September 2003): 654–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1059060894.
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The binary interval tree is a random structure that underlies interval division and parking problems. Five incomplete one-sided variants of binary interval trees are considered, providing additional flavors and variations on the main applications. The size of each variant is studied, and a Gaussian tendency is proved in each case via an analytic approach. Differential equations on half scale and delayed differential equations arise and can be solved asymptotically by local expansions and Tauberian theorems. Unlike the binary case, in an incomplete interval tree the size determines most other parameters of interest, such as the height or the internal path length.
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Peng, Jian He, Pin Kang Xie und Bo Ya Dong. „An Assessment of Damage to Large-Scale Basement Slab Caused by Groundwater and Expansive Soil“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3579.
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Cracking damage is a common phenomenon in large-scale concrete structure. But for the underground structure it is not permitted because crack will cause heavily damage and other disasters. With the aid of finite element method for deformation and stress field simulation, a detailed study is carried out for a large area foundation slab of an underground parking lot. The foundation soil condition and the hydrogeological condition are the principal influence factors that result in the cracking problems. The simulation results illustrate that the combined effects of foundation settlement and larger groundwater pressure cause the foundation slab cracking and the existence of expansive soil indeed exacerbates the problem.
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Sarkar, Shondeep L., und Dallas N. Little. „Stabilization of Sulfate-Contaminated Crushed Concrete Base with Type V Cement and Fly Ash“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1611, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1611-01.
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The sulfate-contaminated crushed concrete base of a parking lot began to experience severe heaving because of the formation of secondary, expansive minerals (ettringite and thaumasite). Tests were performed in the laboratory to study the possibility of limiting the mobility of soluble sulfate ions by adding either a sulfate-resistant (Type V) cement or a combination of Type V cement and fly ash. The use of cement did not only prove practical because of the high moisture content of the base, but a mixture of 10 percent Type V cement and 9 percent Class C fly ash by weight yielded promising results for drying and encapsulating the free sulfate ions and providing a reasonably strong base.
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Kota, Prakash B. V. S., Darren Hazlett und Les Perrin. „Sulfate-Bearing Soils: Problems with Calcium-Based Stabilizers“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1546, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154600107.
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Several roads, airfield pavements, and parking lots in Texas and other states in the western United States have suffered severe pavement damage due to expansive minerals formed from the reactions of calcium-based materials used to stabilize sulfate-bearing soils. Remediation costs for projects that suffer sulfate-induced heave damage are very high, because often the entire pavement may have to be removed and reconstructed. Observations from several projects are described to illustrate the phenomenon of sulfate-induced heave and the current methods to predict the problem. Two recent projects described include one using cement as a replacement for lime and a second using a double application of lime. The discussion also includes limitations of the present methods for determining the so-called soluble sulfate levels in soils. The practice of a double application of lime and several other alternative methods and their limitations are discussed. Although research has clearly identified the expansive minerals as being calcium bearing, no published investigations of non-calcium-based stabilizers that could effectively stabilize sulfate-bearing soils were found.
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Aladdin, Azzam, Róbert Király, Pal Boto, Zsolt Regdon und Krisztina Tar. „Juvenile Huntington’s Disease Skin Fibroblasts Respond with Elevated Parkin Level and Increased Proteasome Activity as a Potential Mechanism to Counterbalance the Pathological Consequences of Mutant Huntingtin Protein“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, Nr. 21 (26.10.2019): 5338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215338.
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Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, caused by an abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the huntingtin protein (Htt). Mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are hallmarks of HD neurons. The extraneural manifestations of HD are still unclear. We investigated the crosstalk between mitochondria and proteolytic function in skin fibroblasts from juvenile HD patients. We found reduced mitosis, increased cell size, elevated ROS and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in juvenile HD fibroblasts, while cellular viability was maintained. Mitochondrial OXPHOS analysis did not reveal significant differences compared to control. However, the level of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins was significantly lower and branching in the mitochondria network was reduced. We hypothesized that juvenile HD fibroblasts counterbalance cellular damage and mitochondrial network deficit with altered proteasome activity to promote cell survival. Our data reveal that juvenile HD fibroblasts exhibit higher proteasome activity, which was associated with elevated gene and protein expression of parkin. Moreover, we demonstrate elevated proteasomal degradation of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mfn1 in diseased cells compared to control cells. Our data suggest that juvenile HD fibroblasts respond to mutant polyQ expansion of Htt with enhanced proteasome activity and faster turnover of specific UPS substrates to protect cells.
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Morato Torres, C. Alejandra, Zinah Wassouf, Faria Zafar, Danuta Sastre, Tiago Fleming Outeiro und Birgitt Schüle. „The Role of Alpha-Synuclein and Other Parkinson’s Genes in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 16 (10.08.2020): 5724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165724.
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Neurodevelopmental and late-onset neurodegenerative disorders present as separate entities that are clinically and neuropathologically quite distinct. However, recent evidence has highlighted surprising commonalities and converging features at the clinical, genomic, and molecular level between these two disease spectra. This is particularly striking in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Genetic causes and risk factors play a central role in disease pathophysiology and enable the identification of overlapping mechanisms and pathways. Here, we focus on clinico-genetic studies of causal variants and overlapping clinical and cellular features of ASD and PD. Several genes and genomic regions were selected for our review, including SNCA (alpha-synuclein), PARK2 (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), chromosome 22q11 deletion/DiGeorge region, and FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) repeat expansion, which influence the development of both ASD and PD, with converging features related to synaptic function and neurogenesis. Both PD and ASD display alterations and impairments at the synaptic level, representing early and key disease phenotypes, which support the hypothesis of converging mechanisms between the two types of diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms might inform on common targets and therapeutic approaches. We propose to re-conceptualize how we understand these disorders and provide a new angle into disease targets and mechanisms linking neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration.
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Wilson, G. R., H. X. Wang, G. F. Egan, M. B. Delatycki, M. K. O.'Bryan und P. J. Lockhart. „219. Parkin co-regulated gene (Pacrg) is an axonemal protein involved in sperm tail and ependymal cell function and is a candidate primary ciliary dyskinesia gene“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, Nr. 9 (2008): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs219.
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A leading cause of male infertility is genetic variation in genes required for sperm formation or function. Considerable evidence suggests PACRG is involved in spermiogeneis. The loss of Pacrg function causes infertility in mice (Lorenzetti et al. 2004) and we have shown an association between variability in the 5′ untranslated region of PACRG and human male infertility (Wilson et al. in preparation). Evidence from studies in C.reinhardtii and T.brucei indicate Pacrg is crucial for axonome formation and microtubule stability. To assess this possibility in mammals, we generated and characterised Pacrg knockout (Quaking viable, Qkv), wildtype and Pacrg transgenic mice (Qkv-Tg). Using confocal and immunoelectron microscopy we showed that Pacrg was localised to the axonemal microtubule doublets of sperm, tracheal and ependymal cilia. The absence of Pacrg was associated with compromised sperm flagella formation and MRI analyses revealed the occurrence of hydrocephalus. Specifically, Qkv mice showed an inward expansion of the lateral ventricles, resulting in a significant reduction in distance between ventricles (1.0 ± 0.6 mm, mean ± s.d., n = 5) and a ~250% increase in ventricle area (70 ± 13 arbitrary units, mean ± s.d., n = 5) compared with wildtype littermates (1.38 ± 0.09 mm; area 26 ± 12, n = 3). Transgenic expression of Pacrg was necessary and sufficient to correct the hydrocephalus (1.45 ± 0.05 mm; area 26 ± 9, n = 2) and infertility phenotypes (evidenced by daily sperm counts and litter sizes). In conclusion, we have shown Pacrg is a novel axoneme associated protein in a subset of motile cilia/flagella and loss of Pacrg function results in spermiogenic defects and hydrocephalus in mice. Further, we have shown that variations in the human PACRG promoter are a risk factor in human male infertility. Collectively these data suggest PACRG is a candidate gene in the human syndrome of primary ciliary dyskinesia. (1) Lorenzetti D, Bishop CE, Justice MJ. 2004. Deletion of the Parkin coregulated gene causes male sterility in the quaking (viable) mouse mutant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(22):8402–8407