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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Exhaust tower“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Exhaust tower"
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Melikhov, R., and A. Leonova. "Extension towers - features of the design, technical and economic assessment and typical issues." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 3 (2019): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/40/25.
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Discusses the features of the design Exhaust towers. The design and configuration of exhaust towers, types of carrier circuits, grating diagrams, diaphragm diagrams are considered. It describes the main structural solutions of the carrier tower, the supporting scheme of the gas exhaust trunk, the factory assembly types of connections of the carrier tower belts, support units and lattice attachment points for the tower belts. Recommendations on anticorrosive protection of steel structures of towers are presented, technical and economic assessment and issues of typification are presented.
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Kwon, Yong-Il. "A Study on the Ventilation Efficiency Improved by Airflow Characteristics of the Axial Fan Installed in Parallel at the Side Wall of the Narrow Exhaust Tower." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 04 (2016): 1650026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132516500267.
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A numerical study has been conducted to simulate airflow and ventilation characteristics in the exhaust tower installed to ventilation of the multi-story underground parking lot. It is the objective of the present study to identify ventilation problems and to suggest the flow direction modifications of the ventilation system with the axial fan to improve ventilation efficiency in the low-rise section of the exhaust tower. Numerical results on SVE4 (scale of ventilation efficiency NO.4) and local mean age of exhaust ports are presented along with the location of axial fan on the direction of swirl flow and the dimension of exhaust tower. Ventilation system modifications on the direction of swirl flow have been suggested from the numerical results in order to prevent the flow interference by airflow discharged from the adjacent stories. The overall ventilation efficiency according to the rotational condition of the axial fans are compared quantitatively using the concept of SVE4 calculated by means of tracer gas pulse method to investigate distribution characteristics of the air discharged from each story among the exhausted air to the two exhaust ports in the narrow exhaust tower.
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Becker, B. R., and L. F. Burdick. "Effect of Drift Eliminator Design on Cooling Tower Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 4 (1992): 632–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906636.
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In the use of wet cooling towers, drift refers to small droplets of circulating water that are carried out of the cooling tower by the saturated exhaust air. Inertial impaction separators, known as drift eliminators, are used to strip the water droplets from the exhaust air. To achieve peak cooling tower operating efficiency, it is desirable that losses in fan system performance due to the drift eliminators be minimized. Therefore, an experimental program was developed and executed to evaluate the effect of drift eliminator design on cooling tower fan system performance. Flow visualization studies were used to gain insight into the flow patterns within the cooling tower plenum as influenced by drift eliminator design. A fully instrumented fan test cell was used to investigate the effects upon fan system performance resulting from two different styles of drift eliminators. The effect of drift eliminator discharge angle upon fan system total efficiency was investigated and the optimal discharge angle determined.
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Rugescu, Radu D., Alina Bogoi, and Radu Cirligeanu. "Intricacy of the Transit Manifold Concept Paid-off by Computational Accuracy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.142.
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Despite its intricacy the numerical method applied within the TRANSIT code proved successful in describing discontinuous, non-isentropic flows in rocket engines and solar-gravitational towers for green energy. A number of 0-D approaches are known to render some results in demonstrating the feasibility of the solar tower concept, or in unsteady simulation of transient phases in rocket engines. Computational efficiency is demonstrated by CFD simulation of the starting transients in ADDA solid rocket engines and in the SEATTLER solar mirror tower. The code is exclusively directed to unsteady flow simulations in slender channels. The wave front model scheme covers the dual behavior of fully non-isentropic flow with mass addition and mixing in the thrust chamber or blunt heat addition in a heater and fully isentropic through the exhaust nozzle or gravity draught in a tall tower. Along the tower of the solar-gravity draught power plants small perturbation discontinuous flows are covered. Code robustness is demonstrated during runs on the PC.
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Hu, Jingling, Senlin Yang, Lu Zhong, Yingxin Yang, Xiaotu Hu, and Xueliang Xue. "Application of Cyclone Gas Cap Water Washing Device in Ultra Clean Discharge Treatment Technology of Exhaust Gas." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185304035.
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Exhaust gas treatment device of coal fired boiler has been upgraded with ultra clean discharge treatment technology, and the new cyclone gas cap washing device is applied in the second half of the desulfurzing tower systm.This new water scrubbing tray system is composed with water sprays, ceramic packing, cyclone gas cap and independent water tank, which is proven by field tests, has exceling effect on exhaust gas treatment, and can decrease concentration of aerosol in exhaust gas to below 5mg/Nm3 which is lower than the state discharge standard.
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KUDINOV, Anatoly A., and Yulia E. DEMINA. "CALCULATION OF THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF LEAVING FLUE GASES FROM THE TURBINE THROUGH THE COOLING TOWER." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 1 (2018): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.01.23.
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The article presents result of a research a system of the venting of exhaust gases of the recovery boiler the gas turbine plant through the natural draft cooling tower in the environment. The use of this scheme allows the fl ue gases to lower the temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the cooling tower to provide a deeper vacuum in the condenser steam turbine combined cycle power plant with simultaneous reduction of capital to build chimneys. As a result of the application of this scheme, an increase in the absolute electric effi ciency of turbines is achieved. As stated in Article method of calculating the removal of exhaust fl ue gas systems with a perforated distributor ring allows to determine the level of engineering design and volume requirements of these systems.
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Xie, Guo Wei, Ming Ming Li, and Yi Wei Yang. "The Development and Applications of the Dust and Rhenium Recovery Integrated Device of Calcination Exhaust of Molybdenum Concentrate which Contain Rhenium." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.40.
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A device, was used to recover dust and rhenium from molybdenum concentrate roasting exhaust gas, was developed. The device combine the self-swash dust catcher and spherical tray tower technology: the self-swash dust catcher was used to recover dust and rhenium; spherical tray tower was used to further dust and rhenium recovery and its application to engineering in practice. This was the first successful such devices used to recover dust and rhenium integration from calcination exhaust of molybdenum concentrate which contain rhenium in production practice. Through production practice, proved that the device is feasible, with high efficiency. And it has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost and low energy consumption etc.. In addition, the dust removing system can also be used to the wet dust collector in the filed of metallurgical , mining, chemical and building.
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Muthu, Sella, C. Manoharan, and R. Senthilkumar. "THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF A WET COOLING TOWER FOR FRESH WATER FROM PLUME AND ANALYZING AN INDUSTRIAL COOLING TOWER BASED ON RESULTS." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 10 (2017): 5892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i10.5870.
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A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. The stream of saturated exhaust air leaving the cooling tower called the plume is visible when water vapor it contains condenses in contact with cooler ambient air, like the saturated air in one's breath fogs on a cold day. Under certain conditions, the cooling tower plume may present fogging or icing hazards to its surroundings and gives some environmental problems. To find the solution for this problem a cooling tower has been analysed based on air flow rate through the tower and the cooling load to obtain fresh water yield by utilising plume from cooling tower top. The theoretical analysis gives the values of important parameters Theoretical analysis has been done on wet cooling tower by varying the water flow rate through which affect the performance of a cooling tower such as the cooling range, effectiveness, approach, fresh water yield etc. Then with the conditions of a trials from the analysis, the mass flow rate of water in the cooling tower was scaled up to match the mass flow rate of water in an industrial cooling tower. This helps in obtaining the mass flow rate of the air and fresh water yield through the industrial cooling tower.
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Chow, T. T., Z. Lin, and J. P. Liu. "Effect of Condensing Unit Operation on Kitchen Exhaust at Residential Tower." Architectural Science Review 45, no. 1 (2002): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2002.9696930.
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Singh, Enderaaj, Sukanta Roy, and Yam Ke San. "Numerical Analysis of Exhaust Air Energy Extractor for Cooling Tower Applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 943 (November 3, 2020): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/943/1/012035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Exhaust tower"
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Franzén-Hildeman, Johan, and Joel Persson. "Väderskydd av ett avgastorn till en testcell för jetmotorer." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297904.
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Syftet med detta arbete har varit att genomföra en konceptstudie av en teknisk lösning för öppning och stängning av en testcells avgastorn. Detta som en del av det projekt som omfattar ombyggnation av testcellens utlopp. Frågeställningen som studien skall svara på är om det lönar sig att ha en lucka på tornet med hänsyn till det skydd den kan erbjuda och den ekonomiska kostnaden. De mål som sattes upp var att framställa en lämplig kravspecifikation, framställa minst ett fullständigt koncept, framställa en jämförelsematris, föreslå en lösning att ta till förstudie och ge förslag på fortsatt arbete till förstudien. Konceptmetodiken har hämtats från den metod som SAAB använder sig av i utvecklingsprojekt men har modifierats aningen av författarna. Intressenterna till testcellen står i fokus för att framställa en kravspecifikation utifrån deras behov. Intervjuer genomfördes med intressenter och sakkunniga för att erhålla uttalanden. Dessa uttalanden skulle sammanställas och användas som en del av underlaget till en rekommendation. Ett iterativt arbetssätt användes i konceptgenereringen där koncept framställdes och dess funktion utvärderades. De koncept som togs vidare utvärderades mot de identifierade behoven och mot varandra i ett antal jämförelsematriser. Den ekonomiska prognosen byggdes på uppskattade värden och historisk data för kostnader. En övervägande del av intressenterna och sakkunniga som intervjuats har varit positivt inställda till att ha en lucka på avgastornet. Framförallt för det utökade skydd det bidrar med och den potentiellt förlängda livslängden. Kravspecifikationen utformades på ett sådant sätt att det skulle fungera som ett styrdokument för studien, men också innehålla tillräckligt med information för att ge en översiktlig bild av problemet vid överlämning. Tre slutgiltiga koncept presenterades varav ett rekommenderas att ta vidare till förstudie, med motiveringen att den uppfyllde kravet på funktionalitet bäst. Det var även en känd lösning så livscykelanalysen hade en högre grad av säkerhet.<br>The purpose of this work has been to carry out a concept study of a technical solution for opening and closing a test cell's exhaust tower. This is a part of the project that includes rebuilding the test cell outlet. The question that the study will answer is whether it pays to have a hatch on the tower with regard to the protection it can offer and the financial cost. The goals that were set were to produce an appropriate requirements specification, produce at least one complete concept, produce a comparison matrix, propose a solution to use for a prestudy and provide suggestions for further work for the prestudy. The concept methodology has been taken from the method that SAAB uses in development projects but has been slightly modified by the authors. The stakeholders in the test cell are the prime focus as the requirements specification is based on their needs. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders and experts to obtain statements. These statements would be compiled and used as part of the basis for are commendation. An iterative approach was used in the concept generation where concepts were produced and its function was evaluated. Suitable concepts were evaluated against the identified needs and against each other in a number of comparison matrices. The economic forecast was based on estimated values and historical data for costs. A predominant part of the interviewed stakeholders and experts were positive about having a hatch on the exhaust tower. Mainly because of the increased protection it would contribute and the potential extension of the towers lifespan. The requirements specification was designed to function as a control document but also contain enough information to provide an overview of the problem for the handover to the prestudy. Three final concepts were presented, one of which is recommended for further study, with the justification that it best met the requirement for functionality. It was also a known solution so the life cycle analysis had a higher degree of certainty.
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Jang, Sungwoo. "Exquisite corpse: a tower for the public in the era of exhausted modernity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72823.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 40).<br>Towers in Manhattan, especially in business areas, have historically used a single overarching system in order to visualize images of their corporate identity and immerse the public in the image of development. While using one system, the architect has tried to organize various unexpected behavior with those system. Thus, the grid system, whose representational value was important as much as its economic value, not only deformed the physical form of different function, but also prevented certain functions which did not match with their corporate identity to be incorporated into the tower. However, entering into an era of uncertainty due to economic crisis, 9/11 terror and etc., resulted in overarching system to become obsolete not because of its lack of efficiency, but because those systems have lost its representational value as an emblem of progress. As vision of progress have lost its momentum to suppress other values, in the era of exhausted modernity, it is unnecessary to deform the physical form of each function, in other words, each program can be incorporated into the tower without losing its irreducible form. Also, programs which takes a huge part of our culture that have been excluded can be introduced - or, the re-union of Apollo and Dionysus in city culture. In this situation, the grid system needs to operate not as an overarching system which represses the irreducible form of each program, but rather a tool that orchestrates multiple different forms that produces the collection of programs to become an image of a deceptive whole. By doing so, different functions will not only be legitimized to be incorporated within the typology of tower, but also it would produce an image based on the heterogeneity, thus becoming a new ethic.<br>by Sungwoo Jang.<br>M.Arch.
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TU, YA-CHU, and 凃雅筑. "The Application of Fire Exhaust and Sprinkler System for Parking Tower." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c47z45.
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碩士<br>長榮大學<br>職業安全與衛生學系碩士班<br>107<br>Currently, there are no clear norms of the law on local fire safety equipment and fire risk factors with regard to hermetic sheet metal buildings, parking towers, oil tanks, and fuel tanks. Article 190 of the Standards for Installation of Fire Safety Equipment Based on Use and Occupancy stipulates that premises need not be equipped with smoke control equipment. In this domestic study, eight parking towers have been surveyed to understand their internal structure, the fire extinguishing equipment, the installation of the detectors, and so on. It was found that there was no smoke-detecting equipment installed in any 8 of them, of which only 5 had air vents for heat dissipation and even the legislation does not clearly define the number of such installations. The current situation of parking towers in the whole nation was investigated by questionnaire survey. It was found that more than 90% of the fire extinguishing equipment used was the CO2 fire extinguishing equipment and the detectors were of the differential air tube type.
Most of the parking towers were above 30 meters in height or even as high as 50 meters. In the event of a fire, the smoke layering distribution would be different from that of ordinary buildings and the presence or absence of air vents will affect the smooth venting of billowing smoke during such outbreak. Therefore, this study carried out a reduced scale experiment to observe the distribution of plumes and temperature according to the ignition sources. The result was whether the parking tower had dissipation air vents or not, smoke layering will settle in the vicinity of a fire source position. In order to locate the point of origin, the fire services are recommended to use the smoke layering distribution method to determine it. In the reduced scale experiment, by observing the smoke path, the location of the detector was detected and it was found that the temperature above the fire source was the highest, followed by the walls of the car parking. From the experiment, it was found that the fire flow would soar up from both sides of the parking plate. Thus, in future, the location of the detector can be suggested. FDS computer simulated whether CO2 can successfully extinguish a fire in a parking tower and the results obtained was that CO2 has been effective at lowering temperature at different location of the fire source. Part of the full-scale experiment was divided into fire practice and water sprinkler distribution. Since the interior of the car is mostly combustible (such as sponge foam), the fire will rapidly spread and the glass destroyed. When the temperature reaches 800 ℃, the sidewall-type fire suppression sprinkler is activated, to extinguish the fire. When the front and rear windshields are broken, the distribution of water is started. Most of the water-collecting trays can immediately reach 10 Lpm/m2 and extinguish the fire immediately.
Keywords: Hermetic sheet metal building, parking tower fire, FDS, reduced-scale experiment, full-scale experiment.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Exhaust tower"
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Panjeshahi, Mohammad Hassan, Lena Ahmadi, and Mona Gharaie. "Economical Optimization of Integrated Cooling Tower by Solar Energy." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12471.
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Nowadays, the visible impact of releases to the ambient has become a matter of greater concern due to the awareness of environmental degradation and protection among the society. Therefore, the contribution of renewable energies as the free and clean sources can provide environment-friendly solutions. However, little attention has been paid to the practical applications of the renewables. Cooling towers are widely used in industries and commercial buildings to dissipate waste heat to the ambient environment. During unfavorable weather conditions, the exhaust of the wet cooling tower remixes with the cooler ambient air and as it cools down the excess moisture condenses in small fog droplets, creating visible plume. The generated plume sometime can extend up to few hundred meters and causes invisibility and darkness problem. In this study, solar energy is integrated into wet cooling tower to reduce the visible plume formation. In this method, optimum solar system is achieved taking into consideration the economical analysis. Also, the operational conditions of cooling tower at various environmental states have been incorporated in targeting the optimum solar system through different scenarios. Related coding in MATLAB version 7.1 is developed for computations.
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Liu, Diantao, Song Zhou, and Yuanqing Zhu. "Use Natrium-Alkali Method to Remove SO2 From Shipping Exhaust Gas." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19022.
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In recent years, the purification of sulfur oxides in shipping exhaust is becoming the focus of attention. It is especially important about how to accurately determine and control the various factors affecting desulfurization efficiency. This paper built a mathematical model, mainly focusing on action and mass transfer characteristic of gas-liquid absorption progress of natrium-alkali desulphurization system. It is based on gas-liquid complicated reactions of packed absorption tower, obtaining the influence of concentration distribution of various components in liquid phase, as well as partial pressure, pH value, mass transfer rate, absorption enhancement factor, liquid gas ratio and other key parameters on SO2 absorption rate. As shown in the models, the removal efficiency of 97.8% is equivalent to use a sulfur content of 3.5% fuel oil under the restrictions in emission control area. According to the calculation of 4.0 MW diesel engines, the minimum supply rate of absorption liquid is 75.8 L/h. These data have the reference significance for the development and evaluation of shipping flue gas desulfurization systems.
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Zhang Xueyi, Wang Yujuan, Jia Liliang, and Shi Liwei. "Structure design and finite-element analysis of rectification tower of refrigeration making use of automobile exhaust gas remaining energy." In 2011 International Conference on Transportation and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (TMEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmee.2011.6199416.
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Cirligeanu, Radu, Alina Bogoi, and Radu D. Rugescu. "TRANSIT Code for Unsteady Flows in Solar-Gravity Draught Turbine Towers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22518.
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Unsteady, non-isentropic, discontinuous flows with energy exchange, during solar heating transients of air turbine towers are approached through a proprietary computational front method, initially developed for the study of ignition in solid propellant rocket motors. Its application in the discontinuous flows with energy exchange also proves highly efficient. Computational efficiency is demonstrated by CFD simulation of transients in the air accelerator of the SEATTLER solar mirror, turbine tower. This is a typically unsteady flow simulation for slender channels. A 1-D computational scheme was developed to simulate the interference between zones with different flow conditions. Given values for the thermochemical properties of the working gas are considered and two zones of different flow characteristics are identified. The first zone is the heat exchanger, where a nonisentropic flow develops. At the aft end of this heating zone a second zone of the channel is encountered after a blunt passage, where an isentropic expansion of the gas begins and extends along the tower up to the upper exit. Into the 1-D, unsteady flow scheme of computation, the discontinuity of equations of motion at the interface between the two zones induces very specific precautions and this methodology is detailed into the paper. Consequently, the computational front scheme covers the dual behavior of the fully non-isentropic flow with mass addition and mixing in the heater and of the fully isentropic flow at the exhaust of the gravity draught tall tower, typical for the solar-gravity draught power plants. Small perturbations of the flow, in the form of developing weak shocks, and blunt discontinuities are simultaneously covered. Code robustness is demonstrated and revealed through diagrams. The 1-D numerical scheme is based on the enhanced method of the computational front with resolution of the expansion wave development.
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Dalili, Farnosh, and Mats Westermark. "Experimental Study on a Packed Bed Humidifier in an Evaporative Gas Turbine." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26106.
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This paper examines the performance of gas turbine cycles operating with a mixture of air and water vapor. Special attention is paid to the humidification tower, where the water vapor is added to the air. The experiments in this study have been carried out in the first evaporative gas turbine pilot plant located at Lund Institute of Technology in the southern part of Sweden. This pilot plant is based on a Volvo VT600 gas turbine with a design load of 600 kW. The compressor pressure is just above 8 bars and the intake air-flow is 3.4 kg/s. Roughly 70 percent of the compressed air is humidified in the humidification tower, which is the only humidifying device. The tower diameter is 0.7 m and the total flexible packing height is 0.9 m of a stainless steel structured packing with a specific surface area of 240 m2/m3. The number of mass transfer units in the humidifier was experimentally determined to about 3 for a packing height of 0.45 m. The height of a transfer unit from the literature data for the packing is predicted to be 0.24 m. With a packing height of 0.45 m, only about 2 transfer units are expected from the packing. However, the droplet zones above and below the packing contribute about 1 transfer unit. Thus, it is concluded that the mass transfer performance of the packing is adequately predicted by literature data. Equations are provided to adjust the height of a transfer unit for other pressures and temperatures. For full-scale plants operating at higher pressures and temperatures it is suggested that the high quality exhaust heat, (temperatures above the boiling point) is recovered in a boiler and injected as steam. The remaining part of the exhaust heat, (temperatures below the boiling point) is used to produce hot water for a relatively small humidification tower using only a portion of the compressed air flow.
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Foster-Pegg, R. W. "A Small Air Turbine Power Plant Fired With Coal in an Atmospheric Fluid Bed." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-216.
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An efficient, indirectly heated, steam-injected air turbine power or cogeneration plant, fired with coal in an atmospheric fluid bed, is described. The plant, described in the paper, will meet all environmental standards and will generate about 35 MW. The plant offers a high power to steam ratio without requiring a condensing steam turbine and can operate efficiently without any export steam. Eliminating a condensing steam turbine, cooling tower, etc., reduces the capital cost and produces a low $/kw installation. If necessary, most of the water injected into the air turbine can be recovered from the exhaust air and reused. All the equipment for the plant is commercially available.
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Nadig, Ranga, and Dave Sanderlin. "Admission of Bypass Steam Into a Water Cooled Condenser and Air Cooled Condenser: Similarities, Differences and Areas of Concern." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32249.
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In power plant locations with adequate supply of cooling water the steam from the steam turbine is condensed in a water cooled condenser. In most instances circulating water from the cooling tower is used to condense the turbine exhaust steam. In other instances once through cooling is deployed wherein water from a lake, river or sea is used to condense the turbine exhaust steam. In water challenged locations or locations where wet cooling cannot be deployed due to permitting or regulatory issues, the steam from the steam turbine is condensed in an air cooled condenser (ACC) wherein ambient air is used to cool and condense the turbine exhaust steam. In a combined cycle plant, during normal operation, the water or air cooled condenser condenses the turbine exhaust steam. During bypass operation, when the steam turbine is out of service, the high-pressure steam from the HRSG is attemperated in a pressure reducing/desuperheating (PRD) valve and then admitted into the water cooled or air cooled condenser. The bypass steam flow is substantially higher than the design turbine exhaust steam flow and the duration of bypass operation can vary from a few hours to several weeks. The requirements for admission of bypass steam into a water cooled condenser are substantially different from that for an air cooled condenser. In a water cooled condenser the bypass steam is admitted in the steam dome. The bypass steam as well as the turbine exhaust steam is condensed outside the tubes. In an air cooled condenser the bypass steam is admitted in the large diameter steam duct. The bypass, as well as the turbine exhaust steam (normal operation), is condensed inside the tubes. There are similarities and differences in the requirements for admission of bypass steam into a water cooled and air cooled condenser. The differences must be identified and addressed to ensure safe and reliable performance of the condenser.
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Nyberg, Björn, Marcus Thern, and Magnus Genrup. "Aerodynamic Analysis of a Humid Air Turbine Expander." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68996.
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This paper presents a reduced-order through-flow expander design for the Humid Air Turbine (HAT) also called the Evaporative Gas Turbine (EvGT). The HAT cycle is an innovative gas turbine cycle that uses humid air to enhance efficiency and power output. This means that there will be a higher water vapour content in the exhaust gases than for a simple cycle. This high water content affects the design of the HAT expander. The design of a wet expander is presented and compared with the results obtained with an expander working under dry exhaust gas conditions. The study was conducted using the reduced-order turbine design tool LUAX-T, developed at Lund University, which is freely available for academic use upon request. LUAX-T allows a flow-path analysis of the expander by specifying important flow-path parameters such as blade root stress and wall-hade angle. The HAT cycle enables cooling flow to the expander under different conditions and design differences for three different options are presented. The first cooling air bleeding point evaluated is the original position, where air is bled from the compressor discharge. The second position is just before the humidification tower, where the air has been cooled down to a low temperature. The third position is just after the humidification tower, where the air has been humidified thus changing its thermodynamic properties. Results in this paper shows that there is a need for an additional turbine stage in a humid expander compared to a dry expander. There are also results indicating that the compressor power can be reduced depending on which cooling strategy is used which can yield an increased total efficiency for a HAT cycle.
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Stecco, S. S., U. Desideri, B. Facchini, and N. Bettagli. "The Humid Air Cycle: Some Thermodynamic Considerations." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-077.
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The humid air cycle (Rao, 1990), recently proposed, is an intercooled gas turbine cycle, having an air-water mixing evaporator before the combustion chamber, and a recovering system for exhaust gases. The solution appears to have several advantages: increase in efficiency, increase in power output, reduction of NOx. These important effects are similar to those encountered in STIG (STeam Injection Gas turbine) or CHENG (Saad and Cheng, 1992) power plants, however the particular non-isothermal vaporisation here considered enhances the efficiency increase. Considering a TIT (Turbine Inlet Temperature) at 1273 K and combustion with methane, three different plant solutions are considered, where modifications are related to water circuit, to determine the most important parameters affecting the cycle’s performances. The results show the advantage of employing a dry cooling tower to lower the recirculating water temperature or the total mass flow coming from evaporator. Both cases result in a lower exhaust gases temperature. The advantages and comebacks of the three cycles are taken into consideration and discussed in detail, selecting a possible optimised plant solution. The paper emphasises also the practical feasibility of this plant.
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Ali, Usman, Carolina Font Palma, Kevin J. Hughes, Derek B. Ingham, Lin Ma, and Mohamed Pourkashanian. "Thermodynamic Analysis and Process System Comparison of the Exhaust Gas Recirculated, Steam Injected and Humidified Micro Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42688.
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Stringent environmental emission regulations and continuing efforts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) from the energy sector, in the context of global warming, have promoted interest to improve the efficiency of power generation systems whilst reducing emissions. Further, this has led to the development of innovative gas turbine systems which either result in higher electrical efficiency or the reduction of CO2 emissions. Micro gas turbines are one of the secure, economical and environmentally viable options for power and heat generation. Here, a Turbec T100 micro gas turbine (MGT) is simulated using Aspen HYSYS® V8.4 and validated through experimental data. Due to the consistency and robustness of the steady state model developed, it is further extended to three different innovative cycles: (i) an exhaust gas recirculated (EGR) cycle, in which part of the exhaust gas is dried and re-circulated to the MGT inlet; (ii) a steam injected (STIG) cycle, and (iii) a humid air turbine (HAT) cycle. The steam and hot water are generated through the exhaust of the recuperator for the STIG and HAT cycle, respectively. Further, the steam is directly injected into the recuperator for power augmentation, while for the HAT cycle; the compressed air is saturated with water in the humid tower before entering the recuperator. This study evaluates the impact of the EGR ratio, steam to air ratio, and water to air ratio on the performance and efficiency of the system. The comparative potential for each innovative cycle is assessed by thermodynamic properties estimation of process parameters through the models developed to better understand the behavior of each cycle. The thermodynamic assessment indicates that CO2 enrichment occurs for the three innovative cycles. Further, the results indicate that the electrical efficiency increases for the STIG and HAT cycle while it decreases for the EGR cycle. In conclusion, the innovative cycles indicates the possibilities to improve the system performance and efficiency.