Zeitschriftenartikel: „Exhaust gas treatment system“

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Kitatani, Junji, Hiroshi Sanui und Kazuho Iwamoto. „Exhaust Gas Treatment System for Ozone Bleaching Process“. JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 57, Nr. 1 (2003): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.57.79.

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2

Hu, Jingling, Senlin Yang, Lu Zhong, Yingxin Yang, Xiaotu Hu und Xueliang Xue. „Application of Cyclone Gas Cap Water Washing Device in Ultra Clean Discharge Treatment Technology of Exhaust Gas“. E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185304035.

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Exhaust gas treatment device of coal fired boiler has been upgraded with ultra clean discharge treatment technology, and the new cyclone gas cap washing device is applied in the second half of the desulfurzing tower systm.This new water scrubbing tray system is composed with water sprays, ceramic packing, cyclone gas cap and independent water tank, which is proven by field tests, has exceling effect on exhaust gas treatment, and can decrease concentration of aerosol in exhaust gas to below 5mg/Nm3 which is lower than the state discharge standard.

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SHINODA, Taka-aki. „Commentaries upon Exhaust Gas Treatment Technology on Waste Combustion System“. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW 31, Nr. 2 (2017): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3811/jjmf.31.125.

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4

ASAKURA, Yamato. „Development of Exhaust Gas and Effluent Liquid Treatment System for LHD.“ Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research 78, Nr. 12 (2002): 1319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf.78.1319.

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SHIRAISHI, Yukihiro, Shigenori CHICHIBU und Hiroaki KAWABATA. „Technology of Exhaust Gas Treatment System ofMunicipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant.“ Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 31, Nr. 6 (1994): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.31.430.

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6

Galevko, V. V., und R. R. Rakhmatov. „Computational and experimental research of exhaust gas treatment systems“. VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 16, Nr. 3 (23.11.2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2017-16-3-145-154.

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7

NYERGES, Ádám, und Máté ZÖLDY. „Model development and experimental validation of an exhaust brake supported dual loop exhaust gas recirculation on a medium duty Diesel engine“. Mechanics 26, Nr. 6 (07.12.2020): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.6.25017.

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Due to the new European emission norms internal combustion engines have to comply stricter rules. The new norms contain new requirements that were not included in previous regulations for example the decreased temperature of the cold start or the real driving emission part. The emission cycles for passenger vehicles are completely news, the stricter emission norms for commercial vehicles will follow them within a few years. Despite the increasing spread of alternative transmission systems in road transport Diesel engines are going to be remain in commercial vehicles in the next decades due to their good torque and fuel consumption performance. The emission of Diesel engines can be kept low by several way: by the modification of combustion processes, or by exhaust gas after treatment. To comply future regulations both of them seems to be necessary. By exhaust gas recirculation systems alternative Diesel combustion processes can be realized which can provide lower nitrogen-oxide emission and in several operation points also lower fuel consumption. Exhaust gas recirculation systems also can support the thermal management of a Diesel engine. To utilize the advantages of the recirculated exhaust gases a complex system is necessary to get a freedom in control possibilities: duel loop exhaust gas recirculated systems supplemented with supporter valves on the intake or on the exhaust side. In this paper a pressure and mass flow rate based control oriented engine model will be presented which contains high and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation systems and both of them are supported by exhaust brakes. The model considers four balance volumes and it has five state variables. The model is validated by an engine dyno measurements on a medium duty Diesel engine.

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MATSUMOTO, Hiroyuki, Yoshihisa ICHIHARA und Naoki NAGASAKI. „Development of the Flameproof Diesel Vehicle Applied New Exhaust Gas Dry Type Treatment System“. Shigen-to-Sozai 118, Nr. 2 (2002): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.118.129.

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9

YOSHIDA, Keiichiro. „428 Impact on Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Composition of the Concentrated Exhaust Gas Components Injection into Diesel Engine Intake : Consideration in Development of Exhaust Gas Treatment System Using Ad-Desorption of NOx“. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2010.20 (2010): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2010.20.310.

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Wang, Zhan Guang, und Song Zhou. „Discussion on Ship Exhaust Gas Washing Desulfurization Technology“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (Januar 2014): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.917.

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With the continuous development of shipping industry, exhaust gas p-ollution caused by ship emissions of sulfur dioxide is increasingly serious. In o-rder to meet the international maritime organizations (IMO) strict requirements on the water shipping environment, much attention of flue gas desulfurization technology research has been paid. But the ship desulfurization wastewater research is relatively little, water quality analysis and processing system of flue gas desulfurization wastewater research should be carried out. This paper mainly introduces the principle and characteristics of seawater desulfurization process, research and application status of seawater desulfurization method. Discussing the application of sea water desulfurization on the ship for Marine diesel engine tail gas treatment in order to meet the requirements of the international maritime organization and meet the relevant national laws and the main problems to be solved, including the optimal amount of spray, desulfurization tower circulation surface model, installed on the ship. It also points out that the study of sea water desulfurization technique applied in ship's urgency and application prospect.

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Konstantinidis, P. A., G. C. Koltsakis und A. M. Stamatelos. „Transient heat transfer modelling in automotive exhaust systems“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 211, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406971521610.

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Transient heat transfer computations in automotive exhaust systems are increasingly employed in the design and optimization phases. The complex geometry of the exhaust line and the special flow conditions complicate the problem of accurately estimating several important heat transfer parameters. This paper initially summarizes the current status of knowledge regarding heat transfer phenomena in automotive exhaust systems. A comprehensive transient computer model covering all exhaust piping configurations (single wall, double wall with air gap or insulation) is presented. A novel solution procedure is proposed, resulting in significant savings in processing time. Two-dimensional heat transfer in connecting flanges is also accounted for. The model is validated with the help of full-scale measurements on vehicles. Examples are presented, illustrating the application of the model in the comparative assessment of different exhaust configurations. In conjunction with existing models, which simulate the operation of three-way catalytic converters and of other exhaust gas after-treatment devices, the model can be integrated in a CAE (computer aided engineering) package for the support of exhaust system design optimization.

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Oanh, Doan Thi, Quach Thi Hoang Yen, Nguyen Thi Toan, Nguyen Quoc Trung, Tran Quế Chi, Nguyen Hong Chuyen, Tran Thi Minh Nguyet, Bui Thi Kim Anh und Dang Dinh Kim. „IMPROVEMENT OF CO2 PURIFYING SYSTEM BY PHOTOCATALYST FOR APPLICATION IN MICROALGAE CULTURE TECHNOLOGY“. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, Nr. 1 (20.02.2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/1/6128.

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By reactive grinding method Vanadium-doped rutile TiO2 nanoparticle material was obtained with an average particle size of 20‐40nm, the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) specific surface area about 20 m2g−1 and it absorbed strongly in the UV region and increased at the visible wavelength of 430 – 570 nm. This study focused on the improvement of exhaust gas treatment from coal-fired flue gas of the traditional adsorption-catalysis system (Modular System for Treating Flue Gas - MSTFG) by using the V2O5/TiO2 Rutile as photocatalyst. The results showed that integrating both catalytic systems mentioned above increased the gas treatment efficiency: CO from 77 % to over 98 %, NOx from 50 % to 93 %, SO2 was absent as opposed to the input gas component. Also it showed that V2O5/TiO2 Rutile integrated with MSTFG has got high efficiency of CO treatment, also secured the high obtained CO2 concentration as a valuable carbon source for microagal mass culture as well as saving energy and simplifying devices.

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Wang, Hanlin, Qilong Lei, Pingping Li, Changlei Liu, Yunpeng Xue, Xuewei Zhang, Chufu Li und Zhibin Yang. „Key CO2 capture technology of pure oxygen exhaust gas combustion for syngas-fueled high-temperature fuel cells“. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 8, Nr. 3 (Juni 2021): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-021-00445-1.

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AbstractIntegrated gasification fuel cells (IGFCs) integrating high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology with CO2 capture processes represents highly-efficient power systems with negligible CO2 emissions. Flame burning with pure oxygen is an ideal method for fuel cell exhaust gas treatment, and this report describes experimental and numerical studies regarding an oxy-combustor for treating the exhaust gas of a 10 kW IGFC system anode. The applied simulation method was verified based on experiments, and the key performance indices of the combustor were studied under various conditions. It was determined that 315 K was the ideal condensation temperature to obtain flame stability. Under these pure oxygen flame burning conditions, CO was almost completely converted, and the dry mole fraction of CO2 after burning was ≥ 0.958 when there was up to 5% excess O2. Overall, 5% excess O2 was recommended to maximize CO2 capture and promote other environmental considerations. Additionally, the optimal tangential fuel jet angle to control the liner temperature was approximately 25°. The total fuel utilization had to be high enough to maintain the oxygen flame temperature of the anode exhaust gas below 1800 K to ensure that the system was environmentally friendly. The results presented herein have great value for designing IGFCs coupled with CO2 capture systems.

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Dilibe, Ifeanyi. „Computational model of the fuel consumption and exhaust temperature of a heavy duty diesel engine using MATLAB/SIMULINK“. Poljoprivredna tehnika 45, Nr. 4 (2020): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2004051d.

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A model of a diesel engine and its electronic control system was developed to investigate the engine behaviour in a vehicle simulation environment. The modelled quantities were brake torque, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature and were based on engine speed and pedal position. In order to describe these outputs the inlet air flow and boost pressure were also modelled and used as inner variables. The model was intended to be implemented on board a vehicle in a control unit which had limited computational performance. To keep the model as computationally efficient as possible the model basically consists of look-up tables and polynomials. First order systems were used to describe the dynamics of air flow and exhaust temperature. The outputs enable gear shift optimization over three variables, torque for vehicle acceleration, fuel consumption for efficiency and exhaust temperature to maintain high efficiency in the exhaust after treatment system. The engine model captures the low frequent dynamics of the modelled quantities in the closed loop of the engine and its electronic control system. The model only consists of three states, one for the pressure build up in the intake manifold and two states for modelling the exhaust temperature. The model was compared to measured data from an engine test cell (as got in INNOSON NIG. LTD.) and the mean absolute relative error were lower than 6.8%, 7.8% and 5.8% for brake torque, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature respectively. These results were considered good given the simplicity of the model.

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Distaso, Elia, Riccardo Amirante, Giuseppe Calò, Pietro De Palma und Paolo Tamburrano. „Evolution of Soot Particle Number, Mass and Size Distribution along the Exhaust Line of a Heavy-Duty Engine Fueled with Compressed Natural Gas“. Energies 13, Nr. 15 (03.08.2020): 3993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153993.

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An experimental study has been conducted to provide a characterization of the transformations that particle size distributions and the number density of soot particles can encounter along the exhaust line of a modern EURO VI compliant heavy-duty engine, fueled with compressed natural gas. Being aware of the particles history in the exhausts can be of utmost importance to understand soot formation and oxidation dynamics, so that, new strategies for further reducing these emissions can be formulated and present and future regulations met. To this purpose, particle samples were collected from several points along the exhaust pipe, namely upstream and downstream of each device the exhaust gases interact with. The engine was turbocharged and equipped with a two-stage after-treatment system. The measurements were carried out in steady conditions while the engine operated in stoichiometric conditions. Particle emissions were measured using a fast-response particle size spectrometer (DMS500) so that size information was analyzed in the range between 5 and 1000 nm. Particle mass information was derived from size distribution data using a correlation available in the literature. The reported results provide more insight on the particle emission process related to natural gas engines and, in particular, point out the effects that the turbine and the after-treatment devices produce on soot particles. Furthermore, the reported observations suggest that soot particles might not derive only from the fuel, namely, external sources, such as lubricant oil, might have a relevant role in soot formation.

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Maniatis, P., U. Wagner und T. Koch. „A model-based and experimental approach for the determination of suitable variable valve timings for cold start in partial load operation of a passenger car single-cylinder diesel engine“. International Journal of Engine Research 20, Nr. 1 (16.12.2018): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418817119.

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A manipulation of the charge exchange allows controlling the amount of residual gas during engine warm-up. The residual gas during the warm-up phase leads to an increase of the exhaust gas temperature and supports to reach the exhaust after-treatment system operating temperature faster. In addition, the warm residual gas increases the combustion chamber temperature, which reduces the HC and CO emissions. However, fuel consumption increases. For that reason, such heating measures should be the best compromise of both, exhaust gas temperature increase and engine efficiency, in order to provide efficient heating strategies for passenger car diesel engines. Therefore, simulative and experimental investigations are carried out at the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology to establish a reliable cam design methodology. For the experimental investigations, a modern research single-cylinder diesel engine was set up on a test bench. In addition, a one-dimensional simulation model of the experimental setup was created in order to simulate characteristics of valve lift curves and to investigate their effects on the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas enthalpy flow. These simulations were based on design of experiments (DoE), so that all characteristics can be used sustainably for modeling and explaining their influences on the engine operation. This methodology allows numerically investigating promising configurations and deriving cam contours which are manufactured for testing. To assess the potential of these individual configurations, the results obtained were compared with each other as well as with the series configuration. Results show that the combination of DoE and one-dimensional simulation for the design of camshaft contours is well suited which was also validated with experimental results. Furthermore, the potential of residual gas retention by favorable configurations with a second event already revealed in various publications could be confirmed with respect to exhaust gas temperature increase and engine efficiency.

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Haneke, J., V. Siemers und H. F. A. Van den Weghe. „Nitrification processes in scrubbing liquid of an exhaust air treatment system of a large-scale pig housing facility“. Water Science and Technology 64, Nr. 10 (01.11.2011): 2009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.793.

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The use of multi-staged exhaust air treatment systems is an effective method of substantially reducing the emission of ammonia, dust particles and odorous substances. Wet filter walls are able to absorb large amounts of ammonia when scrubbing fluid containing sulphuric acid is used. In addition, due to their large surface areas and the permanent supply of oxygen and nutrients, wet filter walls provide a basis for the development of biofilms containing nitrogen-converting bacteria. Cyclic nitrification processes could be observed in a two-stage exhaust air treatment system, which had been converted to function as a regulated process control system (elutriation at κ = 20 mS cm−1; pH 6.5–6.8). With this system, the sulphuric acid requirement was periodically reduced every 6–8 weeks to less than 1 kg H2SO4 per fattening place and year. There was an increased formation of nitrous oxide gas during nitrification after the wet filter stage. Electron-microscopic images of the biofilm growing on the wet filter wall showed aggregates of possible ammonium-oxidising and nitrite-oxidising bacteria.

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Yasui, Shinji, Tadashi Shojo, Goichi Inoue, Kunihiko Koike, Akihiro Takeuchi und Yoshio Iwasa. „Gas-Solid Reaction Properties of Fluorine Compounds and Solid Adsorbents for Off-Gas Treatment from Semiconductor Facility“. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/329419.

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We have been developing a new dry-type off-gas treatment system for recycling fluorine from perfluoro compounds present in off-gases from the semiconductor industry. The feature of this system is to adsorb the fluorine compounds in the exhaust gases from the decomposition furnace by using two types of solid adsorbents: the calcium carbonate in the upper layer adsorbs HF and converts it to CaF2, and the sodium bicarbonate in the lower layer adsorbs HF and SiF4and converts them to Na2SiF6. This paper describes the fluorine compound adsorption properties of both the solid adsorbents—calcium carbonate and the sodium compound—for the optimal design of the fixation furnace. An analysis of the gas-solid reaction rate was performed from the experimental results of the breakthrough curve by using a fixed-bed reaction model, and the reaction rate constants and adsorption capacity were obtained for achieving an optimal process design.

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YOSHIDA, Keiichiro. „309 Impact on Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Composition of the Concentrated Exhaust Gas Components Injection into Diesel Engine Intake : Combination of ad/desorption NOx treatment system“. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2011.21 (2011): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2011.21.192.

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Vattanapuripakorn, Wenich, Khomson Khannam, Sathapon Sonsupap, Umakorn Tongsantia, Jiradanai Sarasamkan und Bopit Bubphachot. „Treatment of Flue Gas from an Infectious Waste Incinerator using the Ozone System“. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, Nr. 5 (20.07.2021): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020282.

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Recently, levels of air pollution caused by exhaust gases from infectious waste combustion have been rising at a startling rate. Pollutant gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have numerous health implications when unsafe amounts are released into the atmosphere. Thus, Pollution Control Systems (PCS) and Gas Cleaner Systems (GCS) play an important role in industries and the monitoring of incinerators. This research evaluated the GCS of rotary kilns in medical facilities located in the Northeast of Thailand. Data was collected from various sites, analyzed, and examined. Furthermore, Ozone (O3) technology was applied to the rotary kiln allowing for the collection of new information on the pollution treatment systems. O3 technology was installed along with the Wet Scrubber System (WSS) catalyzing the oxidation of O3 and pollutant gases. In addition, a chiller was added to control and stabilize the temperature of the water. After the water temperature was controlled, the concentration of O3 increased resulting in an efficient pollution treatment system. Levels of pollutant gas emission were found to be beneath control standards of both Thailand and those of the U.S. EPA. TSP content was reduced significantly from 22.0 mg/m³ to 3.4 mg/m³ (97%), CO content from 13.6 mg/m³ to 1.7 mg/m³ (96%), and NO₂ content fell from 16.3 (mg/m³) to 2.0 mg/m³ (99%). It is clear that the rotary kiln and Ozone technology should be used together in order to create a new and far more effective method of pollution treatment in small and mid-sized cities of Thailand.

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Keuper, Andreas, Hiie-Mai Ida Unger, Jia Huang, Harald Bressler und Wolfgang Albrecht. „Investigations to Achieve Highest Efficiencies in Exhaust Gas After-Treatment for Commercial Vehicles using an SCR System“. SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 4, Nr. 1 (13.09.2011): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2201.

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Nimia, Herrera, Osami Nishida, Hirotsugu Fujita, Wataru Harano, Houng Soo Kim und Takashi Ohgawara. „Waste Water Disposal by Coffee-based Powder Activated Carbon on Seawater Scrubber System for Exhaust Gas Treatment“. Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 41, Nr. 5 (2006): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.41.5_768.

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YAMAMOTO, Hashira, Tomoyuki KUROKI, Hidekatsu FUJISHIMA und Masaaki OKUBO. „Pilot-scale exhaust gas treatment for a glass manufacturing system using a plasma combined wet chemical process“. Mechanical Engineering Journal 3, Nr. 1 (2016): 15–00549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/mej.15-00549.

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Serrano, José R., Francisco J. Arnau, Jaime Martín und Ángel Auñón. „Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine“. Energies 13, Nr. 17 (03.09.2020): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174561.

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Growing interest has arisen to adopt Variable Valve Timing (VVT) technology for automotive engines due to the need to fulfill the pollutant emission regulations. Several VVT strategies, such as the exhaust re-opening and the late exhaust closing, can be used to achieve an increment in the after-treatment upstream temperature by increasing the residual gas amount. In this study, a one-dimensional gas dynamics engine model has been used to simulate several VVT strategies and develop a control system to actuate over the valves timing in order to increase diesel oxidation catalyst efficiency and reduce the exhaust pollutant emissions. A transient operating conditions comparison, taking the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) as a reference, has been done by analyzing fuel economy, HC and CO pollutant emissions levels. The results conclude that the combination of an early exhaust and a late intake valve events leads to a 20% reduction in CO emissions with a fuel penalty of 6% over the low speed stage of the WLTC, during the warm-up of the oxidation catalyst. The same set-up is able to reduce HC emissions down to 16% and NOx emission by 13%.

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Gambini, M., und M. Vellini. „CO 2 Emission Abatement From Fossil Fuel Power Plants by Exhaust Gas Treatment“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, Nr. 1 (27.12.2002): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1519270.

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In this paper thermodynamical and economic analyses of fossil-fuel-fired power plants, equipped with systems for CO2 recovery, are presented. The investigation has been developed with reference to power plants representative both of consolidated technology (i.e., steam cycle and combined cycle power plants), and of emerging or innovative technology (integrated coal gasification combined cycle, IGCC, and advanced mixed cycle, AMC). There are two main methods to reduce CO2 from power plant flue gas: physical and chemical absorption. In this work chemical absorption and liquefaction of CO2 removed have been considered. With reference to thermodynamical and economic performance, significant comparisons have been made between the above introduced reference plants. An efficiency decrease and an increase in the cost of electricity has been obtained when power plants are equipped with CO2 removal systems and units for liquefaction of the removed carbon dioxide. The main results of the performed investigation are quite variable among the different power plants here considered: their efficiency decreases in a range of 6 percentage points to nearly 13, while the electricity production cost increases in a range of 25% until 72%. The AMC stands out among the other power plants here analyzed because, after CO2 recovery, it exhibits the lowest net work output decrease, the highest net efficiency and the lowest final specific CO2 emission. In addition to this, its economic impact is favorable when the AMC is equipped with systems for CO2 recovery. As a result it achieves a net electric efficiency of about 50% with a carbon dioxide emission of about 0.04 kg/kWh, and the electricity production cost rises to about 25% in comparison with an AMC without CO2 removal and liquefaction systems.

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Andersson, Mike, Lida Khajavizadeh und Anita Lloyd Spetz. „On the Applicability of Silicon Carbide Based Field Effect Sensors in the Control of Exhaust/Flue Gas After-Treatment Systems“. Proceedings 2, Nr. 13 (27.11.2018): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131068.

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The performance of Silicon Carbide based field effect gas sensor devices, modified to enable long-term reliable operation with improved sensitivity to e.g., NH3 and CO at relevant temperatures for exhaust/flue gas emissions monitoring and control of combustion processes as well as after-treatment systems in automotive/stationary applications has been investigated with promising results.

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Pittas, N., P. Koutsoukos, Vasileios Moutsios und I. Muravieva. „INNOVATIVE SYSTEM WITH SIMULTANEOUS ENERGY RECOVERY IN SHIPS FOR COMPLETE DESULPHURISATION OF EXHAUST GAS DERIVED BY HEAVY OIL“. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 8, Nr. 7 (20.07.2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i7.2021.989.

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This paper presents an innovative worldwide method of total of gas combustion-derived ships on heavy fuel diesel engines. For the treatment of waste aqueous solution derived from with aqueous solution NaOH the exhaust gas and capture the S from . For the treatment wastewater plant is necessary to have big surface and quantity of salt water. But unfortunately, the space free on the ships are very restricted and further consequently born stability problems for the ships. This proposal innovative methodology with new approx and new design overcame the limitations and the low performance of the actual scrubber systems and the negative provoked enormous environmental impact of these emissions and not complies the IMO international regulations. The method exposed in this paper overcame the requirement its international regulations of IMO (international maritime organization) and is Patent N. Pittas .

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Yamamoto, Hashira, Tomoyuki Kuroki, Hidekatsu Fujishima, Yuri Yamamoto, Kouta Yoshida und Masaaki Okubo. „Pilot-Scale Exhaust Gas Treatment for a Glass Manufacturing System Using a Plasma Combined Semi-dry Chemical Process“. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, Nr. 2 (März 2017): 1416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2016.2616393.

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El-Safoury, Mahmoud, Miguel Dufner, Christian Weber, Katrin Schmitt, Hans-Fridtjof Pernau, Bert Willing und Jürgen Wöllenstein. „Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Monitoring of Combustion Emissions“. Proceedings 2, Nr. 13 (30.11.2018): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130962.

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Since the entrance into the industrial era and the increasing demand for energy due to global economic growth and development, the amount of energy-related emissions have continuously grown every year to significantly high levels. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or methane cause an increase in the earth’s temperature. Toxic gases like nitrous oxides, Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide are extremely detrimental to the health of all living beings. Over the past few years, global organizations are imposing tighter limits by international laws for flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion. Emission-limiting techniques like filter and scrubber systems have to be installed for waste gas treatment in the exhaust gas streams. In addition, exhaust gas measuring technologies detect the actual emission values of the respective target gases. We present the development of a low-cost and highly sensitive photoacoustic gas detector for the monitoring of emitted combustion gases. First tests were carried out with the toxic Sulphur dioxide (SO2) in secure lab conditions, where a sensitivity below 1 part per million (ppm) was achieved during continuous flow of the gas.

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Kadyrov, A. S., B. K. Sarsembekov und A. B. Kukisheva. „Planning an experiment for cleaning exhaust gases with ultrasound“. Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-1-86-95.

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Introduction. The article deals with the protection of the environment from harmful components of the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed to develop an additional device to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, based on the ultrasonic coagulation cleaning method.Materials and methods. Due to the need for an environmentally friendly vehicle exhaust system, an experiment is planned to determine the particle gas settling rate on the ultrasonic stand. The correct setting of the experiment requires a preliminary theoretical analysis and a reduction in the number of parameters influencing the experiment. At the time of the experiment, the number of parameters considered should reflect the main processes and their interactions fairly accurately. However, ultrasonic coagulation depends on most parameters, such as particle settling velocity, ultrasonic wave pressure, oscillation amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, particle radius, dynamic viscosity, gravity acceleration and particle mass, which can complicate and increase the time for experimentation. The method of similarity theory and dimensional analysis was used to reduce the set of variables. This method reduces the number of experiments and saves time, costs and other resources spent on the experiment with a large number of parameters.Results. As a result, a minimum number of dimensional criteria were obtained to improve the efficiency of the ultrasonic screen processing of experimental data.Conclusion. Thus, the dimensionless criteria obtained make it possible to draw up a plan for an experiment to determine the settling rate of car exhaust gas particles on an ultrasonic stand and confirm the applicability of the ultrasonic coagulation treatment method.

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Jiao, Yunjing, und Qingping Zheng. „Urea Injection and Uniformity of Ammonia Distribution in SCR System of Diesel Engine“. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 5, Nr. 2 (08.05.2020): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2020.2.00004.

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AbstractThe kinetic mechanism of chemical reaction was used to calculate the coupling of the fluid kinetics with the urea decomposition reaction and the SCR reaction kinetics. Combined with the engine test and simulation, the distribution uniformity of the urea injection and ammonia gas was studied. Through numerical simulation on urea spray and exhaust flow in Urea-SCR system, the flow field characteristics in whole after-treatment system are gotten. By using numerical calculation in different urea injection angle and orifice sizes, the urea-crystallization and ammonia distribution have been studied and the optimal urea spray angle and nozzle size are given.

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Tianyu, Mao, Li Yajuan und Chang Fang. „Research progress of monitoring technology of ship-source air pollutants in china emission control area“. E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020602006.

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I After the implementation of ship emissions control area, the urgent need for the practical monitoring technology. This paper comprehensively studies the international and domestic cases of ship emission control monitoring: The following methods are used: direct collection of fuel oil samples for analysis, collection of ship exhaust samples and analysis, remote sensing observation of ship exhaust and analysis, as well as the use of fixed-point monitoring station system to monitor air quality. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is used to analyze the fuel sulfur content directly, and the carbon balance method can be used to calculate the fuel oil content,. The fixed position monitoring system is a comprehensive monitoring method, which can effectively observe the influence of the emission of the ship exhaust on air quality, and evaluate the effect of the control area. Afterwards, the application should also be concerned about the effects of various methods of comparison, alternative measures and focus on the effect of tail gas treatment facilities assessment, enhanced port area environmental monitoring networks.

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Mininni, G., C. M. Braguglia, R. Ramadori und M. C. Tomei. „An innovative sludge management system based on separation of primary and secondary sludge treatment“. Water Science and Technology 50, Nr. 9 (01.11.2004): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0557.

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An innovative sludge management system based on separation of treatment and disposal of primary and secondary sludge is discussed with reference to a sewage treatment plant of 500,000 equivalent person capacity. Secondary sludge, if treated separately from primary sludge, can be recovered in agriculture considering its relatively high content of nitrogen and phosphorus and negligible presence of pathogens and micropollutants. One typical outlet for primary sludge is still incineration which can be optimised by rendering the process auto thermal and significantly reducing the size of the incineration plant units (dryer, fluidised bed furnace, boiler and units for exhaust gas treatment) in comparison with those required for mixed sludge incineration. Biogas produced in anaerobic digestion is totally available for energy conversion when sludge treatment separation is performed, while in the other case a large proportion may be used as fuel in incineration, thus reducing the net electric energy conversion from 0.85-0.9 to 0.35-0.4 MW for the plant considered.

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YOSHIZAKI, Seijirou, Masanao TAKAHASHI, Kenichi MORIYA und Masanori FUJII. „Development of the stationary type integrated exhaust gas treatment system from engines : for laboratories and for diesel / gasoline engines“. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2001.11 (2001): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2001.11.364.

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Phong, Nguyen Thanh. „GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANTS“. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, Nr. 4B (22.03.2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12043.

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This study investigated emissions of CH4, N2O and NH3 from nine anaerobic digestion plants that treat biowaste. The treatment is in form of mechanical pre-treatment, anaerobic digestion followed by a composting with or without intensive aeration. The exhaust gases from the mechanical and anaerobic steps are treated by biofilters. The emission sources at the plants consisted of biofilters, combined heat and power units (CHP), liquid digestate treatment systems (LTS) and open composting windrows of the solid digestate. Overall, the emission factors were 0.4 - 16 kg (Mg biowaste)-1 for CH4, 7 - 170 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for N2O and 41 - 6,032 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for NH3. Open composting windrows of solid digestate resulted in high emissions of CH4 and N2O. Intensive aeration of the solid digestate could reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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Kask, Maarja, Marina Krichevskaya, Sergei Preis und Juri Bolobajev. „Oxidation of Aqueous Toluene by Gas-Phase Pulsed Corona Discharge in Air-Water Mixtures Followed by Photocatalytic Exhaust Air Cleaning“. Catalysts 11, Nr. 5 (27.04.2021): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050549.

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The treatment of wastewaters containing hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) requires the simultaneous treatment of both water and air. Refractory toluene, extensively studied for its removal, provides a basis for the comparison of its abatement methods. The oxidation of aqueous toluene by gas-phase pulsed corona discharge (PCD) in combination with the subsequent photocatalytic treatment of exhaust air was studied. The PCD treatment showed unequalled energy efficiencies in aqueous and gaseous toluene oxidation, reaching, respectively, up to 10.5 and 29.6 g·kW−1·h−1. The PCD exhaust air contained toluene residues and ozone in concentrations not exceeding 0.1 and 0.6 mg·L−1, respectively. As a result of the subsequent photocatalytic treatment, both airborne residues were eliminated within a contact time with TiO2 as short as 12 s. The results contribute to the possible application of the studied approach in closed-loop energy-saving ventilation systems.

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Jeong, Sangjae, Seheum Moon, Jeryang Park und Jae Young Kim. „Field measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from biological treatment facilities of food waste in Republic of Korea“. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, Nr. 5 (19.12.2018): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18815956.

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The Republic of Korea is trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37% from business-as-usual levels by 2030. Reliable greenhouse gas inventory is prerequisite to making effective greenhouse gas reduction plans. Currently, Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change default emission factors were used in biological treatment of the solid waste sector without any consideration of the biological treatment process in the Republic of Korea. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions from biological treatment facilities of food waste have been monitored in order to develop country-specific emission factors in the Republic of Korea. Greenhouse gas emissions were monitored in two composting facilities and one anaerobic digestion facility. All study sites possess a local exhaust ventilation system and odour treatment system. Continuous greenhouse gas monitoring has been conducted on gathered gases using a non-dispersive infrared detector before entering odour treatment systems. At composting facilities, the emission factors of CH4 and N2O were 0.17–0.19 g-CH4 kg-waste−1 and 0.10–0.13 g-N2O kg-waste−1, respectively. Especially, the emission factors of CH4 in composting facilities showed significantly low values compared with other countries owing to the air blowing by a pump at the studied sites. At anaerobic digestion facilities, the emission factors of CH4 and N2O were 1.03 g-CH4 kg-waste−1 and 0.53 g-N2O kg-waste−1. The emission factors estimated in this study showed a significant difference from the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change default value. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a country-specific emission factor in order to reflect the different processes of biological treatment of solid waste.

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Alanen, Jenni, Pauli Simonen, Sanna Saarikoski, Hilkka Timonen, Oskari Kangasniemi, Erkka Saukko, Risto Hillamo et al. „Comparison of primary and secondary particle formation from natural gas engine exhaust and of their volatility characteristics“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, Nr. 14 (18.07.2017): 8739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8739-2017.

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Abstract. Natural gas usage in the traffic and energy production sectors is a growing trend worldwide; thus, an assessment of its effects on air quality, human health and climate is required. Engine exhaust is a source of primary particulate emissions and secondary aerosol precursors, which both contribute to air quality and can cause adverse health effects. Technologies, such as cleaner engines or fuels, that produce less primary and secondary aerosols could potentially significantly decrease atmospheric particle concentrations and their adverse effects. In this study, we used a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber to investigate the secondary aerosol formation potential of natural gas engine exhaust. The PAM chamber was used with a constant UV-light voltage, which resulted in relatively long equivalent atmospheric ages of 11 days at most. The studied retro-fitted natural gas engine exhaust was observed to form secondary aerosol. The mass of the total aged particles, i.e., particle mass measured downstream of the PAM chamber, was 6–268 times as high as the mass of the emitted primary exhaust particles. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential was measured to be 9–20 mg kgfuel−1. The total aged particles mainly consisted of organic matter, nitrate, sulfate and ammonium, with the fractions depending on exhaust after-treatment and the engine parameters used. Also, the volatility, composition and concentration of the total aged particles were found to depend on the engine operating mode, catalyst temperature and catalyst type. For example, a high catalyst temperature promoted the formation of sulfate particles, whereas a low catalyst temperature promoted nitrate formation. However, in particular, the concentration of nitrate needed a long time to stabilize – more than half an hour – which complicated the conclusions but also indicates the sensitivity of nitrate measurements on experimental parameters such as emission source and system temperatures. Sulfate was measured to have the highest evaporation temperature, and nitrate had the lowest. The evaporation temperature of ammonium depended on the fractions of nitrate and sulfate in the particles. The average volatility of the total aged particles was measured to be lower than that of primary particles, indicating better stability of the aged natural gas engine-emitted aerosol in the atmosphere. According to the results of this study, the exhaust of a natural gas engine equipped with a catalyst forms secondary aerosol when the atmospheric ages in a PAM chamber are several days long. The secondary aerosol matter has different physical characteristics from those of primary particulate emissions.

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Yu, Xiao, Shui Yu und Ming Zheng. „Hydrocarbon impact on NO to NO2 conversion in a compression ignition engine under low-temperature combustion“. International Journal of Engine Research 20, Nr. 2 (08.12.2017): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417745441.

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Compression ignition engines can employ high rates of exhaust gas recirculation to realize low-temperature combustion in order to reduce the NOx emissions. However, a substantial increase in NO2 contribution to the NOx emissions is also observed. The relationship between this NO to NO2 conversion is also affected by the hydrocarbons originating mainly from the fuel. This can have important consequences for the design of the exhaust after-treatment system. Therefore, this article presents an empirical investigation of the impact of hydrocarbon emissions on the in-cylinder NO–NO2 conversion process. First, engine motoring tests are performed with propane and NO gases dosed into the engine intake manifold. Engines with different compression ratios are employed to study the effect of in-cylinder temperature and intake HC–NO ratio on the NO–NO2 conversion process. Next, the hydrocarbon impact on the NOx survivability at different engine combustion modes is investigated using a common-rail diesel engine test platform with independent control of exhaust gas recirculation, intake boost, and exhaust back pressure. Results show that the existence of hydrocarbon has a strong promotion effect of converting NO to NO2. During compression test, NO–NO2 conversion rate can reach 95% under certain intake HC–NO concentration ratio, and the minimum HC–NO concentration ratio to sustain a high NO–NO2 conversion rate is sensitive to peak in-cylinder temperature; engine combustion results also show that hydrocarbon not only can promote the in-cylinder NO–NO2 conversion process, but also has the potential of decreasing the total NOx emissions under low-temperature combustion mode.

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Pan, Xiwei, Shudong Yang, Youcheng Shi und Yinshui Liu. „Investigation on the Dynamic Characteristics of Port Valves in a Diaphragm Pump for Exhaust Gas Treatment System by FSI Modeling“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 57238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914282.

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Yamamoto, T., B. S. Rajanikanth, M. Okubo, T. Kuroki und M. Nishino. „Performance evaluation of nonthermal plasma reactors for NO oxidation in diesel engine exhaust gas treatment“. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 39, Nr. 6 (November 2003): 1608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2003.818988.

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Strohmaier, Carolina, Manuel S. Krommweh und Wolfgang Büscher. „Suitability of Different Filling Materials for a Biofilter at a Broiler Fattening Facility in Terms of Ammonia and Odour Reduction“. Atmosphere 11, Nr. 1 (21.12.2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010013.

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A two-stage exhaust air treatment system installed at a broiler fattening facility with 40,000 animals was investigated. The facility’s exhaust air was treated first by use of a chemo-scrubber (stage 1) and afterwards by a vertical biofilter (stage 2). The biofilter was equipped with root wood and honeycombed paper pad layers (half/half) to enable a direct comparison of both filter materials’ suitability. Odour samples were taken on site and afterwards analysed at an olfactometry laboratory. Ammonia concentration values were collected continuously using a photoacoustic multi-gas monitor. High mitigation performance was achieved with both filter materials, with the honeycombed paper pad layer being less susceptible to fungal growth than the root wood filter. Cellulose seems to be a proper alternative for use in biofilters, but further research is needed to estimate the long-term stability of this material.

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Alamsyah, Revy Cahya, und Muhammad Benny Chaniago. „Design of Cloud Computing Based Gas Detection Systems using NodeMCU ESP8266 Microcontroller“. IJID (International Journal on Informatics for Development) 8, Nr. 2 (23.03.2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijid.2019.08204.

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a fuel that is currently widely used by the community in meeting their daily needs. Safety in the use of LPG) is one of the important aspects for Indonesian people both at home, eating-places, tourist attractions, campuses and other places that use LPG. Fires often occur caused by LPG leaks that are not realized by the owner and the people around him, causing fires. The fire caused by gas leakage not only harms the owner but also people who are not far from the fire. From these problems, the authors make a design of cloud computing-based detection system of gas leak using a microcontroller NodeMCU Esp8266 that can provide notifications via smartphone in case of fire and automatically do the first treatment by turning on the exhaust. Notifications sent via the smartphone appear not only when opening the application, but also when it does not open the application.

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Radu, Bogdan, und Alexandru Racovitza. „On the possibility to decrease the fuel consumption for a heavy-duty truck Diesel engine using the Turbo-compound method: a case study“. MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929006008.

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The reduction of Diesel internal combustion engines emissions is one of the major concerns of the engines manufacturers. Despite the fact that the efficiency of the gas post-treatment systems has been significantly improved, decreasing the smoke and the soot from the cylinder inside remains a main research goal. This work is proposing a theoretical study on these pollutants formation for different kinds of direct injection methods. By dividing the in-cylinder injection the heat release characteristic could be modified, leading to different temperature and pressure levels. Using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) the reduction of the gas temperatures might also be decreased, limiting NOx formation. To evaluate the level of the cylinder gas emissions formation a two-step procedure could be followed. First, by using a numerical calculation system the heat release characteristic can be highlighted concerning a Diesel engine with stratified injection; then, using an experimental relationship applying a large data base, the amount of the gas emissions can be subsequently provided. The authors propose some combinations between injection characteristics and EGR used fractions which could generate successfully results speaking in terms of NOx, soot and smoke formation.

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Tosti, Silvano, und Alfonso Pozio. „Membrane Processes for the Nuclear Fusion Fuel Cycle“. Membranes 8, Nr. 4 (12.10.2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040096.

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This paper reviews the membrane processes for the nuclear fusion fuel cycle—namely, the treatment of the plasma exhaust gases and the extraction of tritium from the breeding blankets. With respect to the traditional processes, the application of membrane reactors to the fusion fuel cycle reduces the tritium inventory and processing time, thus increasing the safety and availability of the system. As an example, self-supported Pd-alloy membrane tubes have been studied for the separation of hydrogen and its isotopes from both gas- and liquid-tritiated streams through water-gas shift and isotopic swamping reactions. Furthermore, this paper describes an innovative membrane system (Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor) for the extraction of hydrogen isotopes from liquid LiPb blankets. Porous membranes are exposed to the liquid metal that penetrates the pores without passing through them, then realizing a gas–liquid interface through which the mass transfer of hydrogen isotopes takes place. Compared to the conventional hydrogen isotope extraction processes from LiPb that use the “permeator against vacuum” concept, the proposed process significantly reduces mass-transfer resistance by improving the efficiency of the tritium recovery system.

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Sakai, S., M. Hiraoka, N. Takeda und I. Ohhama. „System Design and Full-Scale Plant Study on a Drying-Incineration System for Sewage Sludge“. Water Science and Technology 21, Nr. 10-11 (01.10.1989): 1453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0342.

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The system design of a drying-incineration process for sewage sludge is discussed using an energy-balance model of the system. In particular, the profitability of this system is considered from the energy and cost points of view. An energy-balance model including drying, incineration, waste heat recovery, and exhaust gas treatment processes was formulated. This showed that autothermic conditions could be established at a lower dewatered cake calorific value, i.e., 350 to 400 kcal/kg wet solids (WS), in the drying-incineration system, in contrast to the higher dewatered cake calorific value of 700 to 750 kcal/kg WS necessary to produce autothermic conditions in direct incineration systems. The drying-incineration system had reduced energy costs but involved an increase in investment costs due to construction of the dryer. The authors designed a full-scale plant at the East Area Sludge Center in Kobe City, Japan. The capacity of one line in this plant is 200 tons of cake per day. From the results of full-scale operation, fuel oil consumption was 23 l/t cake (at a cake moisture content of 81.2% and a low calorific value of 180 kcal/kg), which is a lower value compared to conventional incineration systems.

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Nishad, Kaushal, Marcus Stein, Florian Ries, Viatcheslav Bykov, Ulrich Maas, Olaf Deutschmann, Johannes Janicka und Amsini Sadiki. „Thermal Decomposition of a Single AdBlue® Droplet Including Wall–Film Formation in Turbulent Cross-Flow in an SCR System“. Energies 12, Nr. 13 (06.07.2019): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132600.

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The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) methodology is notably recognized as the widely applied strategy for NOX control in exhaust after-treatment technologies. In real SCR systems, complex unsteady turbulent multi-phase flow phenomena including poly-dispersed AdBlue® spray evolve with a wide ranging relative velocity between the droplet phase and carrier gas phase. This results from an AdBlue® spray that is injected into a mixing pipe which is cross-flowing by a hot exhaust gas. To reduce the complexity while gaining early information on the injected droplet size and velocity needed for a minimum deposition and optimal conversion, a single droplet with a specified diameter is addressed to mimic a spray featuring the same Sauter Mean Diameter. For that purpose, effects of turbulent hot cross-flow on thermal decomposition processes of a single AdBlue® droplet are numerically investigated. Thereby, a single AdBlue® droplet is injected into a hot cross-flowing stream within a mixing pipe in which it may experience phase change processes including interaction with the pipe wall along with liquid wall–film and possible solid deposit formation. First of all, the prediction capability of the multi-component evaporation model and thermal decomposition is evaluated against the detailed simulation results for standing droplet case for which experimental data is not available. Next, exploiting Large Eddy Simulation features the effect of hot turbulent co- and cross-flowing streams on the dynamic droplet characteristics and on the droplet/wall interaction is analyzed for various droplet diameters and operating conditions. This impact is highlighted in terms of droplet evaporation time, decomposition efficiency, droplet trajectories and wall–film formation. It turns out that smaller AdBlue® droplet diameter, higher gas temperature and relative velocity lead to shorter droplet life time as the droplet evaporates faster. Under such conditions, possible droplet/wall interaction processes on the pipe wall or at the entrance front of the monolith may be avoided. Since the ammonia (NH3) gas generated by urea decomposition is intended to reduce NOX emission in the SCR system, it is apparent for the prediction of high NOX removal performance that UWS injector system which allows to realize such operating conditions is favorable to support high conversion efficiency of urea into NH3.

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Bharathiraja, M., R. Venkatachalam und N. Tiruvenkadam. „Experimental analysis of exhaust gas after treatment system using water scrubbing in a single cylinder diesel engine for diesel and biofuel blends“. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 49 (Dezember 2016): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.10.028.

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Clifft, R. C., und M. T. Garrett. „Improved Oxygen Dissolution Control for Oxygen Activated Sludge“. Water Science and Technology 20, Nr. 4-5 (01.04.1988): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0158.

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Now that oxygen production facilities can be controlled to match the requirements of the dissolution system, improved oxygen dissolution control can result in significant cost savings for oxygen activated sludge plants. This paper examines the potential cost savings of the vacuum exhaust control (VEC) strategy for the City of Houston, Texas 69th Street Treatment Complex. The VEC strategy involves operating a closed-tank reactor slightly below atmospheric pressure and using an exhaust apparatus to remove gas from the last stage of the reactor. Computer simulations for one carbonaceous reactor at the 69th Street Complex are presented for the VEC and conventional control strategies. At 80% of design loading the VEC strategy was found to provide an oxygen utilization efficiency of 94.9% as compared to 77.0% for the conventional control method. At design capacity the oxygen utilization efficiency for VEC and conventional control was found to be 92.3% and 79.5%, respectively. Based on the expected turn-down capability of Houston's oxygen production faciilities, the simulations indicate that the VEC strategy will more than double the possible cost savings of the conventional control method.

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Kolomiets, O. M. „REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING OF NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS ON COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS“. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, Nr. 1 (20.03.2019): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2019.05.

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The paper discusses the technologies of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust flue gases during the combustion of coal in the boiler units of power plants that produce heat and electrical energy. According to the results of the analysis, the influence of the method of oxidizing gaseous nitrogen oxides on the efficiency of the treatment plant was revealed. It has been established that during the reconstruction of the gas cleaning system, the advantage is in the technology in which, at the first stage, a gaseous oxidizer is added to the gas flow to convert nitric oxide into heavier water-soluble compounds. At the second stage, an aqueous solution of alkali metal compounds or ammonia is injected into the gas mixture for chemical bonding of the products of oxidation reactions. Thus, this technology allows reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in flue gases by 90–95% and meeting the requirements of regulatory documents on emissions of pollutants into the environment. Bibl. 11, Fig. 4, Tab. 5.

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