Zeitschriftenartikel: „Exclusive access“

1

Locksley, Gareth. „From exclusive rights to access charges“. Utilities Policy 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 1994): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1787(91)90093-k.

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Dror, Moshe, Bruce Hartman, Gary Knotts und Daniel Zeng. „Randomized distributed access to mutually exclusive resources“. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2005, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamds.2005.1.

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Many systems consist of a set of agents which must acquire exclusive access to resources from a shared pool. Coordination of agents in such systems is often implemented in the form of a centralized mechanism. The intervention of this type of mechanism, however, typically introduces significant computational overhead and reduces the amount of concurrent activity. Alternatives to centralized mechanisms exist, but they generally suffer from the need for extensive interagent communication. In this paper, we develop a randomized approach to make multiagent resource-allocation decisions with the objective of maximizing expected concurrency measured by the number of the active agents. This approach does not assume a centralized mechanism and has no need for interagent communication. Compared to existing autonomous-decentralized-decision-making (ADDM)-based approaches for resource-allocation, our work emphasizes achieving the highest degree of agent autonomy and is able to handle more general resource requirements.

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Kerber, Wolfgang. „Governance of Data: Exclusive Property vs. Access“. IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 47, Nr. 7 (27.10.2016): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-016-0517-2.

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4

Mitra, Gopa. „NHS access and empowerment – are they mutually exclusive?“ Primary Health Care 12, Nr. 5 (Juni 2002): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.12.5.16.s13.

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5

Schuster, Dirk. „Exclusive Border Crossing“. Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 5, Nr. 2 (21.01.2020): 469–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00502009.

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Abstract From 1933, the inner Protestant ‘German Christians Church Movement’ from Thuringia took control over some Protestant regional churches in Germany. For the German Christians the main motives of their agitation were the creation of a ‘volkisch’ belief system based on race, Christianity and ‘dejudaization’ (of Christianity). Based on the theoretical considerations of spaces, boundaries and exclusion, the article uses the example of the German Christians to show under which conditions individuals are denied entry into an imaginary religious space. ‘Exclusivist border crossings,’ as this phenomena is named here on the theoretical perspective, can explain how religious arguments exclude people from entering a religious space such as salvation when the access criteria are linked to birth-related conditions.

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Taguchi, Shun, und Kiyosumi Kidono. „Exclusive Association Sampling to Improve Bayesian Multi-Target Tracking“. IEEE Access 8 (2020): 193116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032692.

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7

Czaja, Ludwik. „Exclusive Access to Resources in Distributed Shared Memory Architecture“. Fundamenta Informaticae 119, Nr. 3-4 (2012): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2012-737.

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8

Wang, Pengda, Xiangwei Kong, Weikuo Guo und Xunpeng Zhang. „Exclusive Feature Constrained Class Activation Mapping for Better Visual Explanation“. IEEE Access 9 (2021): 61417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3073465.

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9

Fauzi, Aulia Ridla, Purnomo Suryantoro und Dewi Rokhanawati. „THE ROLE OF MATERNAL SUPPORT MOTIVATORS AND EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING BEHAVIOR AT THE PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER IN YOGYAKARTA: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY“. Belitung Nursing Journal 4, Nr. 5 (13.09.2018): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.390.

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Background: The target of exclusive breastfeeding decreased to 17% at the Pakualaman Health Center in Yogyakarta due to the barriers caused by the wrong perception regarding breastfeeding and returning to work. The roles of motivators in the promotion activity and exclusive breastfeeding reinforcements are expected to exchange experience among peers who have experienced of exclusive breastfeeding at maternal group activities.Objective: To identify the correlation between the role of motivators in supporting maternal groups in providing exclusive breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding behavior.Methods: This was a correlational study with cross-sectional design on 55 samples selected using purposive sampling technique. This study was conducted in women who had a > 6-23-month infant at Pakualaman Health Center in Yogyakarta in 2017. Chi-square and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis.Results: There was no significant correlation between the role of motivators in supporting maternal groups and exclusive breastfeeding behavior in mothers with 0-6-month infants (p= 0.631). There was a significant correlation between the variable of access to information with the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.019).Conclusion: The role of motivators in supporting maternal groups has no significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding behavior. It is suggested for midwives to increase the access of information among mothers, as information access has significant association with behavior of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.

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HADJIDAKIS, CYNTHIA. „EXCLUSIVE π+ PRODUCTION AT HERMES“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, Nr. 02n03 (30.01.2005): 593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05021877.

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Hard exclusive production in deep inelastic lepton scattering provides access to the unknown Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) of the nucleon. At HERMES, the unpolarized total cross section for hard exclusive π+ production have been measured with a 27.6 GeV positron beam on an internal hydrogen gas target. First preliminary results for 1.5<Q2<10.5 GeV 2 and for 0.02<x<0.8 are presented and compared to GPD calculations. Forthcoming measurement for the single-spin asymmetry using a transversally polarized target is also reported.

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Luther, Peter. „Easements and exclusive possession“. Legal Studies 16, Nr. 1 (März 1996): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1996.tb00399.x.

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The case of Copelund v Greenhalf has puzzled students of land law for over forty years. It is usually taken as authority for the proposition that a claim to an easement will fail if it amounts, in effect, to a claim of exclusive possession of the servient land. The plaintiff, the owner of a strip of land leading to an orchard, had sought to restrain the defendant, a wheelwright with premises across the road from the orchard, from leaving vehicles awaiting repair on the strip of land. The defendant countered that he and his father had used the strip (save for enough space to allow access to the orchard) for storage of vehicles for 50 years; he therefore claimed a prescriptive easement, under s 2 of the Prescription Act 1832, to do so.

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Shen, Bing-Xue, Xiang-Ting Min, Yan-Cheng Hu, Lei-Lei Qian, Sa-Na Yang, Boshun Wan und Qing-An Chen. „Copper-catalyzed boroacylation of allenes to access tetrasubstituted vinylboronates“. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, Nr. 45 (2020): 9253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob02008g.

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A copper-catalyzed boroacylation of allenes with acyl chlorides and bis(pinacolato)diboron is developed for the synthesis of diverse tetrasubstituted vinylboronates with exclusive (E)-stereoselectivity.

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BEAME, PAUL, MIROSŁAW KUTYŁOWSKI und MARCIN KIK. „INFORMATION BROADCASTING BY EXCLUSIVE-READ PRAMS“. Parallel Processing Letters 04, Nr. 01n02 (Juni 1994): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012962649400017x.

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We consider the problem of copying information stored initially in a single memory cell by Exclusive Read Exclusive Write Parallel Random Access Machines (EREW PRAMs). We prove lower bounds for this problem and present algorithms matching them tightly (in many cases up to an additive constant). The bounds presented depend on the number of cells used and size of information copied. The lower bounds apply also to functions where a change of a single argument influences the output in many memory locations.

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Prasetyo, Heri, und Jing-Ming Guo. „A Note on Multiple Secret Sharing Using Chinese Remainder Theorem and Exclusive-OR“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 37473–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2902853.

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Yamashita, Shota, Koji Yamamoto, Takayuki Nishio und Masahiro Morikura. „Exclusive Region Design for Spatial Grid-Based Spectrum Database: A Stochastic Geometry Approach“. IEEE Access 6 (2018): 24443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2832627.

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Yoshikawa, Keiji, Koji Yamamoto, Takayuki Nishio und Masahiro Morikura. „Grid-Based Exclusive Region Design for 3D UAV Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Approach“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 103806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2931344.

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Ma, Ke, und Hao Wang. „Influence of Exclusive Lanes for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on Freeway Traffic Flow“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 50168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2910833.

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Piccolo, Raffaele, und Gian Battista Danzi. „Antithrombotic therapy and vascular access site: A choice not mutually exclusive“. International Journal of Cardiology 235 (Mai 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.030.

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Ocquaye, Elias Nii Noi, Qirong Mao, Heping Song, Guopeng Xu und Yanfei Xue. „Dual Exclusive Attentive Transfer for Unsupervised Deep Convolutional Domain Adaptation in Speech Emotion Recognition“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 93847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2924597.

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Aneesh M.R. „Quality of Drinking Water and Sanitation in India“. Indian Journal of Human Development 15, Nr. 1 (April 2021): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09737030211003658.

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Wide disparity exists in access to drinking water across social groups in rural and urban India. This article shows that the economically weaker sections or the lower quintile class does not have access to water within the premises both in rural and urban areas. This indicates that low income or wealth would mean poor access to basic amenities for households. Similarly, access to toilets and incidence of open defaecation reflect social disparities. The regression results show that an increase in the household income increases the predicted probability of maintaining an exclusive latrine. Further, compared to the ‘General Category’, the ‘Scheduled Castes’ and ‘Other Backward Classes’ have a lower probability of constructing an exclusive latrine facility, in the rural and urban areas.

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Hassan, Md Rakib, Gour C. Karmakar, Joarder Kamruzzaman und Bala Srinivasan. „Exclusive Use Spectrum Access Trading Models in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey“. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19, Nr. 4 (2017): 2192–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2017.2725960.

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Pasala, Tilak K. R., Shari Bolen und Frederick G. P. Welt. „Reply: Anthithrombotic therapy and vascular access site: A choice not mutually exclusive“. International Journal of Cardiology 235 (Mai 2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.114.

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23

ter Wolbeek, Johannes. „Hard Exclusive Meson Production at COMPASS“. International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (Januar 2016): 1660052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600521.

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The concept of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) combines two-dimensional spatial information given by form factors, with longitudinal momentum information from Parton Distribution Functions. GPDs provide comprehensive description of the nucleon structure involving a wealth of new information. For instance, according to Ji’s sum rule, the GPDs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] enable access to the total angular momenta of quarks, antiquarks and gluons. While [Formula: see text] can be approached using measurements of electroproduction cross sections, asymmetry measurements in hard exclusive meson production off transversely polarized targets can help to constrain the GPD [Formula: see text] and chiral-odd GPDs. In 2007 and 2010 the COMPASS experiment at CERN collected data by scattering a [Formula: see text] muon beam off a transversely polarized NH3 target. Exclusive vector-meson production [Formula: see text] with a [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] meson in the final state is studied and five single-spin and three double-spin azimuthal asymmetries are measured.

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Gatto, Craig, Jeff B. Helms, Megan C. Prasse, Krista L. Arnett und Mark A. Milanick. „Kinetic characterization of tetrapropylammonium inhibition reveals how ATP and Pi alter access to the Na+-K+-ATPase transport site“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 289, Nr. 2 (August 2005): C302—C311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00043.2005.

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Current models of the Na+-K+-ATPase reaction cycle have ATP binding with low affinity to the K+-occluded form and accelerating K+ deocclusion, presumably by opening the inside gate. Implicit in this situation is that ATP binds after closing the extracellular gate and thus predicts that ATP binding and extracellular cation binding to be mutually exclusive. We tested this hypothesis. Accordingly, we needed a cation that binds outside and not inside, and we determined that tetrapropylammonium (TPA) behaves as such. TPA competed with K+ (and not Na+) for ATPase, TPA was unable to prevent phosphoenzyme (EP) formation even at low Na+, and TPA decreased the rate of EP hydrolysis in a K+-competitive manner. Having established that TPA binding is a measurement of extracellular access, we next determined that TPA and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were not mutually exclusive inhibitors of para-nitrophenylphosphatase (pNPPase) activity, implying that when Pi is bound, the transport site has extracellular access. Surprisingly, we found that ATP and TPA also were not mutually exclusive inhibitors of pNPPase activity, implying that when the cation transport site has extracellular access, ATP can still bind. This is consistent with a model in which ATP speeds up the conformational changes that lead to intracellular or extracellular access, but that ATP binding is not, by itself, the trigger that causes opening of the cation site to the cytoplasm.

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Taubman, Antony. „A Typology of Intellectual Property Management for Public Health Innovation and Access: Design Considerations for Policymakers§“. Open AIDS Journal 4, Nr. 1 (19.01.2010): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601004020004.

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This paper seeks to set the practical discipline of public interest intellectual property (IP) management in public health into its broader policy context. The most immediate and direct impact of IP systems on public welfare results not from international standards nor from national legislation – though these norms are fundamentally important - but rather from the accumulated impact of numerous practical choices whether or not to seek IP protection; where and where not; and how any exclusive rights are deployed, by whom, and to what end. IP management is the essentially practical exercise of limited exclusive rights over protected subject matter, the judicious use of those rights to leverage outcomes that advance an institution's or a firm's objectives. Exclusive rights are used to construct and define knowledge-based relationships, to leverage access to technology and other necessary resources, and to enhance market-based incentives. IP management choices range across a broad spectrum, spanning public domain strategies, open or exclusive licensing, and strong exclusivity. The idea of ‘exclusive rights’, as a specific legal mechanism, can run counter to expectations of greater openness and accessibility, but actual outcomes will depend very much on how these mechanisms are used in practice. For public interest or public sector institutions concerned with health research and development, particularly the development of new medicines, IP management choices can be just as critical as they are for private firms, although a predominant institutional concentration on advancing direct public interest objectives may lead to significantly different approaches in weighing and exercising practical choices for IP management: even so, a private sector approach should not be conflated with exclusivity as an end in itself, nor need public interest IP management eschew all leverage over IP. This paper offers a tentative framework for a richer typology of those choices, to give a sense of practical options available and the factors that might guide their application, but without advocating any particular approach.

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Safirin, Sabrina. „Hyperownership in a Time of Biotechnological Promise: The International Conflict to Control the Building Blocks of Life“. American Journal of International Law 98, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2004): 641–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3216691.

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“Hyperownership” describes in a word the present international legal landscape with respect to genetic material. At issue is who should own or control access to the subcellular genetic sequences that direct the structure and characteristics of all living things, or, in popular usage, nature’s or God’s blueprints for life. Traditionally, genetic material belonged to a global commons or open system. No one exclusively owned this material and countries freely shared it. In sharp contrast, today exclusive ownership and restrictions on the sharing of genetic material are the international norm.

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Swyngedouw, E. „Power, Nature, and the City. The Conquest of Water and the Political Ecology of Urbanization in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 1880–1990“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, Nr. 2 (Februar 1997): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290311.

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In this paper, I seek to explore how the circulation of water is embedded in the political ecology of power, through which the urbanization process unfolds. I attempt to reconstruct the urbanization process as simultaneously a political-economic and ecological process. This will be discussed through the exploration of the history of the urbanization of water in Guayaquil, Ecuador. As approximately 36% of its two million inhabitants has no access to piped potable water, water becomes subject to an intense social struggle for control and/or access. Mechanisms of exclusion from and access to water, particularly in cities which have a problematic water-supply condition, lay bare how both the transformation of nature and the urbanization process are organized in and through mechanisms of social power. In order to unravel the relations of power that are inscribed in the way the urbanization of nature unfolded I document and analyze the historical geography of water control in the context of the political ecology of Guayaquil's urbanization. In short, Guayaquil's urbanization process is written from the perspective of the drive to urbanize and domesticate nature's water and the parallel necessity to push the ecological frontier outward as the city expands. I show how this political ecology of urbanization takes place through deeply exclusive and marginalizing processes that structure relations of access to and exclusion from access to nature's water.

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Derry Trisna Wahyuni. „Implementasi Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) Ekslusif“. ARTERI : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 2, Nr. 1 (15.03.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37148/arteri.v2i1.121.

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Early Breastfeeding have a fundamental role in the survival of infants. Colostrum is rich in antibodies, growth, health and infant nutrition.Reducing morbidity and mortality for infants and toddlers, Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) has an important role for mothers in stimulating uterine contractions so as to reduce postpartum bleeding (postpartum). Breastfeeding in the long term can extend the birth interval because the amenorrhea period is longer, better restoration of nutritional status before the next pregnancy.According to the National Social and Economic Survey (SUSENAS), coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in infants up to 6 months in 2007 ranges from 28.6%. Health Research Association (2010) shows the percentage of infants exclusively breastfed up to 6 months is only 15.3%. The purpose of this study is known implementation of the exclusive breastfeeding.This study uses qualitative methods. Qualitative data collection is done by interview 17 people and 7 FGD informants regarding the implementation of the exclusive breastfeeding is information dissemination, availability of access to information and education, monitoring and evaluationin Padang Panjang.Implementingtheholderin accordancewith the guidelinesof nutrition programsnutritional surveillance. As well as monitoringand evaluationis done oncea monthat the Posyandu, which is in linewithnutritionalguidelines for the surveillanceprogram.It will be require own policy regarding exclusive breastfeeding, allocate special funds to increase exclusive breastfeeding, optimization of lactation clinic or lactation corner on the and public health service, improve the ability of workers with technical training for facilitators and labor counseling counselor, and monitoring the implementation of the IMD and empower community to form a support group in breastfeeding. (jumlah kata abstrak Inggris menyesuaikan)

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Tumi Quispe, Jesús E., und Alberth Jesús Tumi Rivas. „Pobreza exclusión social y acceso a oportunidades vitales en la Región Puno“. Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Investigation 17, Nr. 3 (30.12.2015): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2015.151.

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El objetivo del estudio esta centrado en caracterizar las expresiones de la exclusión social en la pobreza y en las condiciones de acceso a las oportunidades vitales de la población en la Región Puno. La investigación es de carácter seccional, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de nivel meso. Las referencias empíricas se sustentan en información oficial: Censo Nacional de población, mapa de pobreza, IDH, IDS, indicadores sectoriales (educación, salud, vivienda, saneamiento) e instrumentos de gestión estratégica y programática. Los resultados del estudio son: En la región Puno, la exclusión, como proceso sociopolítico, se expresa en la desigualdad social, la inequidad y la pobreza; cuyo resultados concretos se advierten en el acceso diferenciado a las oportunidades vitales de empleo, educación y salud. Las condiciones de acceso al empleo, de la mayoría de la población en la región Puno, denotan su carácter de inequidad y desigualdad; debido a las escasas oportunidades que tiene la población en el sector publico y privado, situación que conlleva a la generación del autoempleo o la condición de subocupado o desempleado especialmente de la población vulnerable o en situación de pobreza. Las condiciones de acceso a la educación básica en la región Puno, esta signado por su carácter excluyente, especialmente de la población en situación de pobreza y las localizadas en el área rural; denotando no solo su alto sentido de inequidad y desigualdad social, sino también, su precariedad en cuanto a la calidad de la educación. Las condiciones de acceso a los servicios de salud de la población en la región Puno, de manera análoga, denota su carácter de inequidad y exclusión social para la población vulnerable y localizada en el área rural; esta situación se agudiza, debido a que los servicios de salud que se brindan no son culturalmente adecuados. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is focused on characterizing the expressions of social exclusion in the poverty and the conditions of access to the vital opportunities of the population in the Puno region. The research is of character sectional, descriptive, quantitative and meso level. Empirical references are based on official information: National Census of Population, poverty map, IDH, IDS, sectoral indicators (education, health, housing, sanitation) and instruments of strategic and programmatic management. The results of the study are: in the Puno region, exclusion, as sociopolitical process, is expressed in the social inequality, inequality and poverty; whose concrete results are seen in the differential access to vital opportunities of employment, education and health. The conditions of access to employment, of the majority of the population in the Puno region, denote its character of inequity and inequality; Due to the limited opportunities that the population in the public and private sector, a situation that leads to the generation of self-employment or the condition of underloaded or unemployed especially of the vulnerable population or in a situation of poverty. The conditions of access to basic education in the Puno region, is marked by its exclusive nature, especially of the population in poverty and those located in rural areas; denoting not only its high sense of social inequity and inequality, but also, its precariousness in regard to the quality of education. The conditions of access to health services for the population in the Puno region, similarly, denotes his character of inequity and social exclusion for the vulnerable population and located in the rural area; this situation is exacerbated, due to the health services that are provided are not culturally appropriate.

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NIEDERMEIER, ROLF, und PETER ROSSMANITH. „ON OPTIMAL OROW-PRAM ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING RECURSIVELY DEFINED FUNCTIONS“. Parallel Processing Letters 05, Nr. 02 (Juni 1995): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012962649500028x.

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We investigate parallel algorithms to compute recursively defined functions. Our computational model are parallel random access machines (PRAM's). We preferably make use of the OROW-PRAM (owner read, owner write), a model supposed to be even weaker and more realistic than the EREW-PRAM (exclusive read, exclusive write) and that still provides the opportunities of a completely connected processor network. For OROW-PRAM's we show that our parallel algorithms are work-optimal.

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Ibarra García, María Veronica, und Circe Badillo Salas. „Chronicle of a Dispossession Foretold“. Latin American Perspectives 42, Nr. 5 (01.06.2015): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x15589112.

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The production of a tourist space on the Bahía de Banderas, on Mexico’s Pacific coast, has required converting the land, the river, and the bay into private property, dispossessing the citizenry of its access to them and interfering with the right of free transit. The production of this unequal and exclusive space demonstrates the absence of democracy in spatial production and the defenselessness of the citizenry in the face of the neoliberal project. La producción del espacio turístico de Bahía de Banderas, en la costa del Pacífico mexicano, require convertir en propiedad privada el suelo, el río y las playas, lo cual implicó despojar a la ciudadanía de su acceso al río, al mar y al derecho del libre tránsito. Tal producción de un espacio desigual y de exclusión social evidencia el alto déficit de democracia en la producción espacial, así como la indefensión de la ciudadanía que conlleva el neoliberalismo.

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Kerber, Wolfgang. „DATA SHARING IN IOT ECOSYSTEMS AND COMPETITION LAW: THE EXAMPLE OF CONNECTED CARS“. Journal of Competition Law & Economics 15, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2019): 381–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhz018.

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ABSTRACT This paper analyzes whether competition law can help to solve problems of access to data and interoperability in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, where often one firm has exclusive control of the data produced by a smart device (and of the technical access to this device). Such a gatekeeper position can lead to the elimination of competition for aftermarket and other complementary services in such IoT ecosystems. This problem is analyzed both from an economic and a legal perspective and also generally for IoT ecosystems as well as for the much discussed problems of “access to in-vehicle data and resources” in connected cars, where the “extended vehicle” concept of the car manufacturers leads to such positions of exclusive control. The paper analyzes, in particular, the competition rules about abusive behavior of dominant firms (Art. 102 TFEU) and of firms with “relative market power” (§ 20 (1) GWB) in German competition law. These provisions might offer (if appropriately applied and amended) at least some solutions for these data access problems. Competition law, however, might not be sufficient for dealing with all or most of these problems, that is, that also additional solutions might be needed (data portability, direct data (access) rights, or sector-specific regulation).

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Bergen, Linda. „Patient Access to Medical Records: A Review of the Literature“. Australian Medical Record Journal 18, Nr. 3 (September 1988): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335838801800305.

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During the last two decades, the physicians' exclusive control of medical information has eroded. In this paper, the literature on patient access to medical records is reviewed and the positive and negative results of the proposal to give patients complete access to their medical records is evaluated. The author outlines the history of the patient access issue and, from her review of the literature, concludes that the important question of whether patient access to medical records can cause harm remains unanswered. The author argues that the issue of patient access to medical records is a challenging one which deserves the prompt attention of researchers. (AMRJ 1988, 18(3) 102–106).

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Albrecht, Susan Fread, und Candace Joles. „Accountability and Access to Opportunity: Mutually Exclusive Tenets Under a High-Stakes Testing Mandate“. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 47, Nr. 2 (Januar 2003): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10459880309604435.

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Dietzfelbinger, Martin, Mirosław Kutyłowski und Rüdiger Reischuk. „Feasible Time-Optimal Algorithms for Boolean Functions on Exclusive-Write Parallel Random-Access Machines“. SIAM Journal on Computing 25, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1996): 1196–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0097539791224285.

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Stühlinger, Verena. „Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Access Policies“. European Journal of Health Law 27, Nr. 3 (07.05.2020): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10006.

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Abstract For patients, innovations in healthcare can be both a great blessing (when saving people’s life or improving quality of life), as well as a curse (when only few people have access, e.g., because of high prices). Thus, when healthcare innovations are proven safe and ready for application, decision makers have to apply access policies and sometimes face difficult assessments. In this context, health technology assessment (HTA) plays a crucial role at European Union level, forming an evidence-based, transparent basis for decision making through joint assessments. However, pricing and reimbursement aspects are exempt from collaborative assessments, since these are in the responsibility of the EU Member States: according to Art. 168(7) TFEU the ‘organisation and delivery of health services and medical care [… including] the allocation of the resources assigned to them’ remain an exclusive competence of Member States. However, future challenges may require further cooperation.

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Padilla, Vladimir Sanchez, Ronald A. Ponguillo, Arnaldo A. Abad und Lissette E. Salas. „Cyber-physical system based on image recognition to improve traffic flow: A case study“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, Nr. 5 (01.10.2020): 5217. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5217-5226.

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Vehicular trafﬁc in metropolitan areas turns congested along either paths or periods. As a case study, we have considered a mass transport system with a bus ﬂeet that rides over exclusive lanes across streets and avenues in an urban area that does not allow the circulation of lightweight vehicles, cargo, and motorcycles. This trafﬁc ﬂow becomes congested due to the absence of restriction policies based on criteria. Moreover, the exclusive lanes are at ground level, decreasing lanes for other vehicles. The main objective of this proposal consists of controlling the access to the exclusive lanes by a cyber-physical system following authorization conditions, verifying the permission status of a vehicle by the accurate recognition of license plates to reduce trafﬁc congestion. Therefore, in the case of invading an exclusive lane without permission, the vehicle owner gets a notiﬁcation of the ﬁne with the respective evidence.

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Suryani, Desri, Demsa Simbolon, Nur Elly, Bintang Agustina Pratiwi und Yandrizal Yandrizal. „Determinants Failure of Exclusive Breast Feeding on Health in the City Bengkulu“. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 12, Nr. 2 (14.03.2017): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v12i2.6890.

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The first 1,000 days of life program is a program to improve the quality of children in the future which one of these programs is the provision of exclusive breastfeeding. The decline in infant mortality rates slowed between 2003 to 2012 from 35 to 32 per 1,000 live births, all babies need access to key interventions such as exclusive breastfeeding. The success of these programs are driven by health workers, but the researches that analyze information about exclusive breastfeeding program on health workers, especially in Bengkulu had never been examined. The research design used mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) on health workers in Bengkulu in 2015 who have infants aged 6-24 months (66 people), which were determined by purposive sampling. The results showed that 69.7% of the mothers did not practice exclusive breastfeeding and 54.5% did not practice early initiation of breastfeeding. Analysis of early initiation of breastfeeding factor as the dominant factor for failure of exclusive breastfeeding. The qualitative analysis showed confidence and perception of little milk production are factor for unsuccessful early initiation of breastfeeding .

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VOROZHEVICH, A. S. „THE LIMITS OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS TO COMPUTER PROGRAMS“. Civil Law Review 21, Nr. 2 (12.07.2021): 88–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/1992-2043-2021-21-2-88-133.

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In the article, the author examines time, content and object boundaries of exclusive rights to computer programs. It has been substantiated that the meaningful boundaries of exclusive rights should be established through a closed list of cases of free use. At the same time, the balance sheet doctrine of fair use, supplemented by the concepts of “transformative use”, cannot serve as a tool for establishing such boundaries. At the same time, in order to resolve atypical conflicts of interest arising in relation to a specific object of copyright between a person interested in access to such an object and the rightholder, standards for assessing the behavior of the rightholder should be developed – special (in relation to Article 10 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) limits for the implementation of exclusive right. With regard to the object boundaries of rights to computer programs, it was concluded that they are established by means of the “traditional” concept of copyright “protected form – unprotected content” and the doctrine of “essential part”. The principle of exhaustion of rights should not apply to such objects.

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Sun, Wei, Hui Su und Hongbing Liu. „Role-Engineering Optimization with Cardinality Constraints and User-Oriented Mutually Exclusive Constraints“. Information 10, Nr. 11 (04.11.2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10110342.

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Role-based access control (RBAC) is one of the most popular access-control mechanisms because of its convenience for management and various security policies, such as cardinality constraints, mutually exclusive constraints, and user-capability constraints. Role-engineering technology is an effective method to construct RBAC systems. However, mining scales are very large, and there are redundancies in the mining results. Furthermore, conventional role-engineering methods not only do not consider more than one cardinality constraint, but also cannot ensure authorization security. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel method called role-engineering optimization with cardinality constraints and user-oriented mutually exclusive constraints (REO_CCUMEC). First, we convert the basic role mining into a clustering problem, based on the similarities between users and use-partitioning and compression technologies, in order to eliminate redundancies, while maintaining its usability for mining roles. Second, we present three role-optimization problems and the corresponding algorithms for satisfying single or double cardinality constraints. Third, in order to evaluate the performance of authorizations in a role-engineering system, the maximal role assignments are implemented, while satisfying multiple security constraints. The theoretical analyses and experiments demonstrate the accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency of the proposed method.

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Krieg, Cara A., und Thomas Getty. „Female house wrens value the nest cavity more than exclusive access to males during conflicts with female intruders“. Behaviour 155, Nr. 2-3 (2018): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003481.

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Abstract Individuals should fight hardest when they stand to lose the most. Whereas males frequently compete for fertile females, females more often compete for high quality males, male care, or resources required to breed. We asked whether established, territorial female house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) challenged by simulated female intruders fight as if they place more value on retaining (1) their nesting cavity or (2) exclusive access to other benefits offered by males. We randomly assigned house wren pairs to receive one or three nest boxes and then assayed female aggression. The relative costs to losing differed between box treatments. For one-box females, the risk of losing the cavity and territory was higher. For three-box females, the risk of losing the cavity may be lower because intruders may be able to settle as secondary females in the supplemental boxes. In this situation, females would lose exclusive access to males and their territories but would still retain the male’s assistance rearing offspring since male house wrens favour their oldest brood. We found that one-box females were significantly more aggressive. This response may be adaptive, as females that switched territories between broods were significantly more likely to lose their entire nest prior to hatching than females that retained the same territory. We interpret our results to mean that female house wrens value the nest cavity more than other benefits from exclusive access to males and their territories. This work contributes to a body of evidence that females often compete for resources required to breed.

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LIUTI, SIMONETTA, GARY R. GOLDSTEIN, J. OSVALDO GONZALEZ HERNANDEZ und KUNAL KATHURIA. „RELATIONS BETWEEN TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS AND CHIRAL ODD GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS“. International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 20 (Januar 2012): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512009282.

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We discuss the information on the spin structure of the proton that one can access by studying transverse momentum distributions, generalized parton distributions and their connection through generalized transverse momentum distributions. A "flexible" parametrization is proposed to extract this information from deeply virtual exclusive experiments.

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Choi, Eunheui. „Issues and Remedial Measures of Universal Access Right According to Exclusive Broadcasting of Sporting Events“. Joural of the Korea Entertainment Industry Association 6, Nr. 4 (31.12.2012): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2012.12.6.4.291.

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Michell, Hans, Gregory P. Johnston, Prajna Chopra, Geoffrey M. Scriver, Anant D. Bhave, Joseph T. Shields und Christopher S. Morris. „Cholecystostomy as an Exclusive Access to Remove Cystic, Common Hepatic, and Common Bile Duct Stones“. American Journal of Roentgenology 215, Nr. 5 (November 2020): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.19.22469.

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Longstaff, Emily. „The Prehistory of MOOCs: Inclusive and Exclusive Access in the Cyclical Evolution of Higher Education“. Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change 11, Nr. 3 (24.09.2014): 164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1477963314z.00000000028.

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Shi, Lili, Hongxin Liu, Luqiong Huo, Yaqian Dang, Yu Wang, Bao Yang, Shengxiang Qiu und Haibo Tan. „Site-selective phenol acylation mediated by thioacids via visible light photoredox catalysis“. Organic Chemistry Frontiers 5, Nr. 8 (2018): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qo00041g.

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Site-selective phenol acylation mediated by thioacids via photoredox catalysis is described. This protocol provided facile access to an array of phenolic esters with exclusive acylation priority of phenol hydroxyl group to alcoholic one. Its utility was also demonstrated by the modification of biologically meaningful natural product.

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Njoh, Ambe J., Erick O. Ananga, Julius Y. Anchang, Elizabeth MN Ayuk-Etang und Fenda A. Akiwumi. „Africa’s Triple Heritage, Land Commodification and Women’s Access to Land: Lessons from Cameroon, Kenya and Sierra Leone“. Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, Nr. 6 (10.01.2016): 760–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615612121.

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Women have less access to land than men in Africa. Previous analyses have typically identified African indigenous culture as the problem’s exclusive source. With Cameroon, Kenya and Sierra Leone as empirical referents, an alternative explanation is advanced. Here, the problem is characterized as a product of Africa’s triple heritage, comprising three main cultures, viz., African indigenous tradition, European/Christianity and Arabia/Islam. The following is noted as a major impediment to women’s access to, and control of, land: the supplanting of previously collective land tenure systems based on family or clan membership by ‘ability-to-pay’ as the principal determinant of access to land.

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Madani, Nabil, und Hassan Moumni. „ENVIRONMENTAL DEMOCRACY THROUGH ACCESS TO INFORMATION“. International Journal of Advanced Research 8, Nr. 12 (31.12.2020): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12159.

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The overall aim of environmental laws is to protect the environment from any adversary effects in order to lay down the foundations for sustainable development and secure a better life on earth for the present and future generations. Environmental protection is more urgent today than ever especially due to global environmental problems. Such a noble aim can only be achieved through environmental democracy rather than exclusive and top-down decision-making. Morocco, for example, witnesses intermittent social protests triggered by the lack of access to environmental information and the gap between laws and their implementation.The main aim of this study is thus to argue that access to information is at the heart of democracy and that the achievement of the intertwined objectives of environment protection, sustainable development, and environmental democracy is dependent on the effective implementation of the right of access to information and the adoption a participatory approach in environmental decision-making. For this, we first define the concept of environmental information, and the access to this human right in international and Moroccos legislations then, we highlight the crucial role of the mass media in raising the public awareness of the threatening environmental issues and their rights and obligations towards the environment and finally, we shed light on the link between the right to access environmental information and the establishment of environmental democracy.

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Gulotty, Robert, und Xiaojun Li. „Anticipating exclusion: Global supply chains and Chinese business responses to the Trans-Pacific Partnership“. Business and Politics 22, Nr. 2 (30.07.2019): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2019.8.

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AbstractPreferential trade agreements (PTAs) promise exclusive access for their members at the expense of excluded parties. But what does this exclusivity mean for firms in nonmember states if production networks are internationally organized? This paper analyzes the effect of PTA exclusion on firms embedded in the global supply chains, focusing on the case of China's exclusion from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Drawing on a survey of Chinese firm managers during the TPP negotiations, we find that productive and downstream firms anticipated the exclusion and made adjustments accordingly, which led to a general sense of optimism toward the agreement. When presented with the prospect of an expanded TPP, however, firms are divided depending on how their own positions in the global supply chain complement or compete with the new member. These findings, validated with interviews in the field, suggest that the effects of PTA exclusion depend on the ability and need for firms to adjust. As a result, exclusion does not equate to an unalloyed loss for excluded firms.

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McClintock, Elizabeth, und Térence Nahimana. „Managing the Tension between Inclusionary and Exclusionary Processes: Building Peace in Burundi“. International Negotiation 13, Nr. 1 (2008): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234008x297940.

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AbstractThe tension between inclusive and exclusive approaches is present throughout peace processes. The challenge of facilitators, mediators, and parties alike is to determine how to manage these tensions, how to integrate various processes into a comprehensive whole and ensure that those required to implement the peace agreement have access to the process that creates the peace agreement. In particular, how can civil society, an actor of ever-increasing importance in the implementation of peace agreements, be effectively included in the design of the accords? This article examines the tension between inclusive and exclusive processes within the context of the Burundi peace process and the development of the Arusha Peace Accords.

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