Dissertationen zum Thema „Évaluation du risque lésionnel“
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Wang, Zhiyi. „évaluation du risque sismique par approches neuronales“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC089/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA) is one of the most widely used methodologiesto assess and to ensure the performance of critical infrastructures, such as nuclear power plants (NPPs),faced with earthquake events. SPRA adopts a probabilistic approach to estimate the frequency ofoccurrence of severe consequences of NPPs under seismic conditions. The thesis provides discussionson the following aspects: (i) Construction of meta-models with ANNs to build the relations betweenseismic IMs and engineering demand parameters of the structures, for the purpose of accelerating thefragility analysis. The uncertainty related to the substitution of FEMs models by ANNs is investigated.(ii) Proposal of a Bayesian-based framework with adaptive ANNs, to take into account different sourcesof information, including numerical simulation results, reference values provided in the literature anddamage data obtained from post-earthquake observations, in the fragility analysis. (iii) Computation ofGMPEs with ANNs. The epistemic uncertainties of the GMPE input parameters, such as the magnitudeand the averaged thirty-meter shear wave velocity, are taken into account in the developed methodology.(iv) Calculation of the annual failure rate by combining results from the fragility and hazard analyses.The fragility curves are determined by the adaptive ANN, whereas the hazard curves are obtained fromthe GMPEs calibrated with ANNs. The proposed methodologies are applied to various industrial casestudies, such as the KARISMA benchmark and the SMART model
Fargetton, Xavier. „Embryotoxicité de l'albendazole : évaluation du risque chez l'homme“. Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiab, Maalouf Rubeiz Christiane. „Le risque du crédit au Liban : une évaluation empirique“. Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Credit Risk which existed in all financial contracts constitutes the principal resource of loss for the banks and financial institutions in Lebanon. During the last years, the measure and the risk management have grown an importance in the banking industry, causing a development of new tools especially for the Corporate. The banking authorities, who are realizing this evolution, have decided to reform the regulation of the Capital Adequacy. Thus, the reform of Basle II proposes new allocation of assets based on better evaluation of risk. Basle II incites the banks to be provided by performing internal system of scoring of all their customers (Retail and Corporate).For this purpose, the Lebanese banking sector has shown, in matters of credit, an unprecedented evolution, consequence of three principal changes:a growing role of financial market in the international financial system; an emergence in the middle of banks of new quantitative techniques of Management of Credit Risk; a banking regulation in progress of change.This thesis have for objective to present all the different risk, take stock of their management in the midst of Lebanese banks and to provide a lighting on the new track of development viewed for these banks in order to come from the high risk
Bléhaut, Marianne. „Risque industriel, marché immobilier et évaluation des politiques publiques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis falls within the scope of urban economics, environmental economics and public policy evaluation. The first part (chapters 1 and 2) is an empirical evaluation of the impact of industrial risk perception on the housing market. More specifically, these chapters rely on quantitative methods originally designed for public policy evaluation to measure the reaction of local housing markets to two changes in industrial risk perception. Chapter 1 analyzes the consequences of the AZF accident (Toulouse, 2001), and chapter 2 the consequences of the Bachelot regulation (passed in 2003). Both chapters show that additional information on industrial risk translated into a significant housing price decrease of about 2% on average. This price effect is consistent with an initial imperfect information setting. In addition, there is some evidence of neighborhood composition changes following these changes. This first part builds on typical examples in which randomized experiments cannot be designed, which lead to questioning the properties of estimators based on propensity score estimation. This is the aim of the second part (chapters 3 and 4) of the thesis. Chapter 3 compares the performances of experimental and non-experimental estimators using the example of a job-search assistance programme. It shows that, in this particular case, matching methods cannot accurately replicate the experimental results. Chapter 4 proposes the BEAST estimator as an alternative to typical propensity score matching, and illustrates its properties on simulations and case studies
Sahal, Alexandre. „Le risque tsunami en France : contributions méthodologiques pour une évaluation intégrée par scénarios de risque“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651617.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKacem, Manel. „Processus de risque : modélisation de la dépendance et évaluation du risque sous des contraintes de convexité“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10051/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we focus on two different problems which have as common point the contribution to the modeling and to the risk management in insurance. In the first research theme, we are interested by the modeling of the dependence in insurance. In particular we propose an extension to model with common factor. In the second research theme we consider the class of nonincreasing discrete distributions and we are interested in studying the effect of additional constraint of convexity on the convex extrema. Some applications in ruin theory motivate our interest to this subject. The first part of this thesis is concerned with factor models for the modeling of the dependency in insurance. An interesting property of these models is that the random variables are conditionally independent with respect to a factor. We propose a new model in which the conditioning is with respect to the entire memory of the factor. In this case we give some mixing properties of risk process under conditions related to the mixing properties of the factor process and to the conditional mixing risk process. The law of the sum of random variables has a great interest in actuarial science. Therefore we give some conditions under which the law of the aggregated process converges to a normal distribution. In the second part of the thesis we consider the class of discrete distributions whose probability mass functions (p.m.f.) are nonincreasing on a finite support. Convex extrema in that class of distributions are well-known. Our purpose is to point out how additional shape constraints of convexity type modify these extrema. Two cases are considered : the p.m.f. is globally convex on N or it is convex only from a given positive point. The corresponding convex extrema are derived by using a simple crossing property between two distributions. Several applications to some ruin problems are presented for illustration
Ittah-Anahory, Tal. „Évaluation des risques de l'ISCI“. Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFortier, Catherine. „La vitamine D en hémodialyse : Évaluation du risque de chute“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29574/29574.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMerhy, Chafic. „Les IDE face au risque politique d'expropriation : analyse et évaluation“. Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKpanake, Lonzozou. „La perception des risques : trois études comparatives Europe versus Afrique“. Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present dissertation consists of three studies. The first assessed the impact of the media on people’s risk perception by comparing risk ratings obtained from Togolese villagers (N = 304) without access to the media with risk ratings obtained from Togolese city-dwellers (N = 341) with access to the media and risk ratings obtained from French participants (N = 795). The overall mean risk judgment observed among the Togolese villagers (m = 25. 18) was lower than the mean rating observed among the Togolese city-dwellers (m = 38. 90), and lower than the mean rating observed among the French (m = 45. 61). The linear association observed between the Togolese villagers’ ratings and the Togolese city-dweller ratings (0. 75) and the French ratings (0. 65) was less strong than that observed between Togolese city-dwellers and French (0. 92). The impact of the media on risk perception was estimated to an increase of about 15% of the overall mean ratings, and to about 31% of the variance of the mean ratings. The second study examined knowledge about hepatitis C infection among Togolese (N = 312), in relation to that of French people (N = 742), and medical experts (N = 14). Differences between French’s ratings and Experts’ ratings (22. 2%) were slightly lower than differences between Togolese’s ratings and those of experts (29. 3%). The linear associations observed between differences are very strong (0. 91). The third study examined first, the extent of Togolese users’ (N = 300) knowledge of the health risks associated with the regular use of bleaching agents. A massive underestimation of some of the main risks was discovered. Secondly, the motives underlying the practice of regular skin bleaching were examined, using Reversal Theory as the theoretical framework. The eight type of basic motives that are constitutive of this theory were evidenced. Four of them appeared as clearly dominant ones. Participants practiced skin bleaching on a regular basis mainly for appearing important persons, for looking attractive, because they enjoyed their light skin, and because skin bleaching was fashionable. They did not practice skin bleaching as a demonstration of opposition to African culture or to their relatives or as a demonstration of compliance with others’ wishes. They sometimes practiced skin bleaching for securing a job. Implications in terms of health risk taking are discussed
Plot, Emmanuel. „Nature humaine et maîtrise des risques majeurs : Proposition d'une grille d'analyse et de management des établissements industriels“. Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor ethical, but also economic, political and social reasons, managers are interested in and responsible for managing major risk control organisations which their industry weigh upon people and their environments. Unfortunately, the deficiencies of these organisations are numerous. Human error (in its large sense) is considered the domninant cause of accidents (Three Misle Island, Chernobyl, Seveso, Bhopal,. . . -AZF?-). To help, invite or compel them to improve this situation, methods, norms and laws have been developed in the past twenty years. Their usefulness is indisputable. But they are insufficient. They do not the management of human efficiency. They are based upon a narrow vision of man and his organisations. Modestly, this research proposes a solution through the development of a new grid for analysing and managing the major risk control. The guiding hypothesis is founded upon a conception of human nature borrowed from J. Baechler : "the human realm is written in a language which we can qualify as strategic because the two basic terms are problem/solution". This research demonstrates the necessity of this hypothesis and how the entirety of the analytical grid lows from it. The challenge is to succeed in discovering the lingual code of major risk control organisations. If we succeed, we give ourselves the means of rendering intelligible their historical events, and of identifying factors of good and bad organisational practices, those which are not favorable to the origin of errors and those which are
Maréchal, Jean-Paul. „La gestion économique du risque environnemental majeur“. Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe last thirty years have seen the risk of pollution increasingly take the form of major technological accidents and micropollutions. It is this new kind of risk that we call "major environmental risk". The aim of this thesis is to determine how this new risk can be submitted to economic management. After having demonstrated that the major environmental risk is a non-probabilisable risk due to an inmeasurable probability of occurrence and unpredictable real maximum consequences - a situation of uncertainty according to f. H. Knight's defini- tion - with the notions of responsibility liability and general interest being chal- lenged, the author proposes a double economic management of the major environmental risk. First, a "downstream management" based ont he "economy of conventions" consist- ing of a four level insurance system. Second, an "upstream management" which, given the limits of the neoclassical theory in general and the decision theory in particular, requires the conceptualiza- tion of an "open economy" whereby the means of intervention is the "normative manage- ment under constraint"
Louargant, Christine. „Risque de change et valeur de l'entreprise“. Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE2A003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMacron, Aurélien. „Contribution à l’évaluation du risque lésionnel lors d’un contact prolongé à l’aide de la méthode des éléments finis. Application à l’étude de l’assise“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe occurrence of Pressure Ulcers (PU) is one of the issues related to physical interactions between a human being and support devices such as exoskeleton. This thesis is part of a collaboration between the Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak and Clinatec which develops EMY, an exoskeleton dedicated to quadriplegic people. However, quadriplegic people are extremely vulnerable to PU due to their loss of sensitivity. The prevention, mainly based on external pressure, remains insufficient to avoid the development of Deep Tissue Injury (DTI) because external pressure doesn’t predict internal deformation endured by deep biological soft tissues. Despite the potential of Finite Element (FE) models based on MRI to estimate those internal deformations, their use is jeopardized by resources and time necessary to their implementation. The objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge about internal deformations in the pelvic region during sitting, through the development of new methodologies to generate FE model based on medical imaging systems which could be used in a clinical routine and which could allow the study of large cohort of subjects. The experimental protocol proposed in this work provided reference data on the load in the sitting configuration and on the morphology of the pelvic region of 22 healthy subjects. It also enabled the validation of both a reference model and a simplified local model. The characterization of both the behavior of soft tissues and of the ischium morphology in clinical environment represents the major challenge to transfer this work
Bracq, Anthony. „Contribution à la prédiction du risque lésionnel thoracique lors de chocs localisés à travers la caractérisation et la modélisation d'impacts balistiques non pénétrants“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor decades, the assessment of less-lethal weapons (LLW) and bulletproof vests has generated major interest from law enforcement agencies around the world. Indeed, these presumed less-lethal or non-lethal weapons are required to cause only significant pain to an individual to ensure their neutralization. Bulletproof vests, in turn, must provide a certain level of protection to reduce the risk of trauma related to their dynamic deformation. The Center for Research, Expertise and Logistics Support (CREL) of the French Ministry of the Interior aims to develop a tool to predict thoracic injury risk during non-penetrating ballistic impacts. It would therefore be possible to evaluate the performance of LLW and bulletproof vests before their deployment in operations. More precisely, this method must only be based on the direct measurement of the dynamic process of deformation of a synthetic gel block subjected to a ballistic impact. To address that issue, the numerical approach is considered in this thesis by the use of the human thorax dummy HUByx as an intermediate tool for the determination of transfer functions between experimental metrics on a gel block and the risk of injury. The reproduction of real impact conditions on HUByx thus requires the characterization and modeling of less-lethal projectiles as well as projectiles of firearms and bulletproof vests. They rely on an inverse method identification procedure applied to the Taylor test for modeling LLW and on the analysis of blunt impacts on the gel block for projectiles/bulletproof vests. Work is then dedicated to the mechanical characterization and modeling of the synthetic gel under dynamic loadings. Finally, a statistical approach based on correlation analyses is introduced using both experimental measurements, numerical data as well as case reports from the literature. A thorax mapping associated with the risk of rib fractures is established and only depends on an experimental metric
Feyler, Stéphanie. „Évaluation et surveillance des risques relatifs aux conglomérats financiers“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT4005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe arisen structural changes, and still current, within the financial industry are especially numerous, multiple and complex. The analysis of their consequences, particularly on financial stability, turns out crucial. Our work concentrates on one of these transformations, the emergence and the development of the financial conglomeration, which has for peculiarity to mix diversification and globalization, and which in our sense was rarely studied. Our objective is to contribute to fill this lack. We articulated our reflection around three axes: the practice apprehension of the financial conglomeration, its implications in terms on risk exposure, and its incidences in prudential plan, more particularly in terms on architecture of the financial supervision. We suggest mitigating the absence of data dedicated specifically to this movement by using data relative to the operations of mergers & acquisitions. While it seems impossible to assert in a unambiguous way if these groups are more or less risked that their counterparts individual and susceptible to expose the financial sphere to aggravated and\or new risks, we clarify elements to engender a higher risk profile, underline the importance to adopt a global perspective towards this level of incurred risk and demonstrate the pernicious incidence of the strategy of diversification on the probability of systematic risk. Finally, we show by means of a Probit Multinomial that the financial conglomeration is an explanatory factor in the highly-rated of factors traditionally advanced by the unification of the national authorities of supervision
Berdier, Chantal. „Elaboration d'une méthodologie pour la prise en compte du risque dans le domaine des déchets urbains : le cas des déchets médicaux diffus dans le Grand Lyon“. Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor the last twenty years, the proble. Ms related to waste have taken on paramount interest in society as waste is increasing as well in quantity as in noxiousness. The destruction of ordinary waste is relatively well controlled whereas the induce effects are far from being under control as far as the risky part is concerned, therefore, the problem of urban waste will be analysed in the scope of this research, in terms of induce risks. The meaning of the notion of risk here, brings in technical elements together with social ones. These are two facets upon which the definition of. The concept of risk is based. So, after identifying urban waste and giving a definition of the concept of risk, we have adopted a method based both on objective dimension and on urban user perception in order to approach and evaluate risk. In this context, managing the risk specific to urban waste, goes through a global policy of controlling urban waste which includes numerous actor with apposed logics. Experimenting the method on a type of waste, scattered medical waste coming from liberal health practitioners in greater Lyon, makes two important results clear: perceived risks is over estimated and real risks are few. In such conditions, managing risk consists in starting - Upstream, precaution measures, - Downstream, repairing measures
Elmsiyah, Cherif. „La solvabilité des conglomérats financiers : évaluation, modélisation et gestion du risque“. Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0504.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs part of the debate involving many operators on the question of the solvency of financial conglomerates, the assessment of capital needs -beside regulation- the development of internal models able to take into account the effect of diversification and new risks caused by the integration of companies in the conglomerate. Banks and insurance companies develop more and more models of economic capital which are used both for the determination of the demand of statutory capital as well as for managing internal risk and capital. With the influence of the conglomerates of the world financial system, the aim must be to extend the use of these models across conglomerates on a global level. The main challenges facing the construction of these models concern the identification and the modelling of all risks which could affect the solvency of the conglomerates and the correlation between these risks. In addition to the difficulties linked to the assessment of correlations and risks, the methods of measurement and management within the conglomerate could vary from one sector to another and from one entity to another. The purpose of this thesis is to identify and analyse the impact of different sources of diversification and factors of risk – i.e. which are caused by the joint exercise of bank and insurance activity- on the level of risks and the capital of conglomerates
Ainou, Viou. „La gestion du risque de longévité et évaluation de produits dérivés“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis discuss about the longevity / mortality risk and its impact on pension funds and insurers. In the first part, we consider and expose the different mortality models. The state of art done, we propose an extension, using the Lévy processes, of the well-known model CBD. The Lévy processes are considered to take in account of jumps in mortality curve. The new model will be used, in the second part of this thesis, as underlined index to value the longevity derivatives. We use the Wang and Esscher Transforms as martingales measure because of incompleteness of the longevity market. These two measures are, beforehand, defined and the ways they represent pricing measures are exposed. Finally, we propose a new contract “the mortality collar”, which is a hedging instrument against the longevity or mortality risk, as well as for insurer, but also for pension fund. We give a complete analysis of this new management tool regarding its mechanism and its pricing
Nsas-Nsas, Déborah Rebecca Solange. „Évaluation du risque de crédit des PME manufacturières québécoises en croissance“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4072/1/000102218.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaussende, Claude. „Hépatectomies, évaluation technique et risque transfusionnel : à propos de 422 cas“. Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObertelli, Patrick. „Attitudes et conduites face aux risques : deux études en milieu technologique nucléaire et en milieu technologique classique“. Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current research deals with the risks of workers in the industrial plants. This research is organised around two sets of questions: - How far can a person's experiences organise or disrupt his rationality in the face of risk? Particularly, what abotu the methods of organizing his thoughts which at first seem inappropriate to the situations he encounters? Does the nature of organisational and technological structures have an influence on these attitudes and conduct and if so, in what way? Are there any noticeable constants independant of these contexts? Two studies have been carried out, one by means of questionnaires, the other through interviews. The results are structured around four major conclusions. They emphasize: 1- The existence of certain norms of risk acceptance within work-teams. 2- The necessity of a psychoemotional balance in the face of risk. The relations of individuals to their work-team and their organisation are equally examined. The phenomena of the distorsion of the perception of reality are also considered. 3- The existence of the polarisation of mental focus under time pressures. 4- The characteristics of the relationship to knowledge in a sophisticated technological universe
Gofti-Laroche, Leila. „Évaluation du risque microbiologique hydrique : validation épidémiologique des fonctions dose-réponse du risque viral et parasitaire : étude EMIRA“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE18001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuffet, Pierre-Emmanuel. „Évaluation du risque environnemental des nanoparticules métalliques : biodisponibilité et risque potentiel pour deux espèces clés des écosystèmes estuariens“. Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=4222b036-2cc9-45e7-a146-038b3361bae3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe advent of nanotechnologies is leading to the increase production of nanoparticles which could be released in the environment. Metal nanoparticles are used in a variety of commercial applications (bactericides, UV protection, medical imaging) and their toxicity is a source of concern. The aim of this work was to evaluate the fate of metal-bearing nanoparticles (Ag, Au, CuO, Cd, ZnO) in the marine environment and their effects on two marine endobenthic species : the bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the worm Hediste diversicolor by using a set of biomarkers at different levels of biological organization (behaviour, biochemical responses and genotoxicity). Effects were evaluated after exposure to different environmental sources (water, food, sediment independently or combined in mesocosms). In a number of cases, our work revealed a toxic effect of nanoparticles which is not due to the constituent metal but directly to the nanoproperties. Results show that biomarkers are promising tools to evaluate the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles and could be used to improve risk assessment
Grall-Bronnec, Marie. „Le jeu pathologique : facteurs de risque, évaluation, prise en charge thérapeutique : intérêt d'une évaluation clinique standardisée et répétée“. Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=a517b371-ceba-45c5-909b-fb401837c543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLittle studies have been still conducted about pathological gambling. Nevertheless, lifetime prevalence rates for at risk and pathological gambling in the general population are ranged from 0. 3 to 7. 5%. Collective expert's report (INSERM) advised to carry out research, in particular longitudinal studies. EVALJEU study was thus started. It consists in a standardized and repeated clinical assessment of all at-risk and pathological gamblers seeking treatment in the Addictions department of the University Hospital of Nantes. It aims to draw specificities of the patients and to understand what influence their evolution, according to their initial characteristics and the treatment that was undergone. After a review of the literature about risk factors of pathological gambling on the one hand, standardized assessment of this addictive disorder on the other hand, forms of treatment at the present time finally, the interest of EVALJEU was demonstrated. The impulsivity of our sample was already better characterized. Particularities of the at-risk and pathological gamblers having a previous history of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder were also described, and risk factors for this comorbidity were identified. Moreover, a French adaptation of two questionnaires, included in EVALJEU's assessment, was first done. The results are discussed in comparison with the international literature. Future prospects are considered, in terms of treatment, but also of research
N'Gottet, Olivier. „Risque-pays et comportements allocatifs des banques“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe country risk is a macro-economic one because the repayment of the loan depends not only on the availability in currencies of the borrowing country, but also on the willingness of the government of the country to follow economical policies to repay the loan. The government of the borrowing country is the only one to have a correct perception on the risks and may manipulate informations, which may increase the risks. The analysis of the methods to evaluate the country risk is placed in the context of asymmetric information for banks. The audit method we' propose, allows not only to evaluate the country risk, but also to verify and to control the information credibility. This method is an incitative mechanism of acquisition and treatment of information based an proximity. The country risk is considered as a whole, to understand how the economy works, the economical and, political prospects, on going or to be pollowed. It allows to evaluate and to prepare a global plan to anticipate risks zones and main axes of intervention. We illustrate the validation of the audit method with the example of Morocco
Chauvin, Bruno. „Personnalité, croyances, et perception des risques“. Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main purpose of this dissertation was to examine the relationship between two kinds of individual variables – New Age beliefs and personality facets – and risk perception. 795 respondents were asked to estimate a) a broad range of hazards reported by Bouyer & al (2001) and evaluated by means of psychometric paradigm (Slovic, Fischhoff & Lichtenstein, 1985a); b) an array of paranormal beliefs that were investigated by Sjöberg & af Wahlberg (2002); And, c) a whole set of personality items extracted from a methodological framework AB5C IPIP (Goldberg, 1999). A eight-factor solution was retained to depict risk perception: Common individual hazards, Pollutants, Energy production, Sex and addictions, Psychotropic drugs, Weapons, Outdoor activities and Medical care. Variables age, sex, and educational level were investigated. Only about 5% of the variance of perceived risk was accounted for by these demographic characteristics. New Age beliefs contributed positively but weakly to the prediction of perceived risk. Energy production was proved to be the most predicted risk factor by New Age beliefs (6% of the variance). Key personality facets pertaining to each of Big Five factors were identified. They were most predictive of risk perception. These facets were Self-disclosure, Tenderness, Rationality, Imperturbability, and Creativity. These facets are effective individual explanatory determinants of perceived risk and should be taken into account for understanding individual risk perception in depth
Chorier, Julien. „Diagnostic et évaluation des risques incendie d’une construction et de sa mise en sécurité“. Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fire safety level assessment for buildings is now necessary in order to be able to satisfy given requirements for new or refurbished buildings. One of the main missions of the Fire Safety Department of CSTB (Scientific and Technical Center for Building in France) is to help to the choice of methodologies and tools for evaluation and improvement of fire safety for existing buildings. Our study aims to develop the means to help building managers in fire risk diagnosis and decision making for the protection of buildings and their occupants (maintenance, repair, reinforcement, demolition). This work is integrated within the framework of the National ISI (Engineering of Fire protection) Project (PN ISI). We are members with the CSTB ( which supports this research, of PN ISI. The diagnosis proposes a fire risk evaluation of buildings with respect to the different possible damage: people, property, structure, and environment. Then, our methodology is able to provide a choice between various proposals for fire safety improvement, and to distribute a budget allocated to safety. Our study is carried out on various kinds of buildings, excluding industrial buildings where dangers are too specific. It should also provide a structured approach in order to obtain an efficient communication with safety commissions and other concerned players. Our fire risk assessment method for helping building inspectors or engineers to reach a given safety level in a building is based on the use of Petri nets and simplified evaluation models of physical parameters related to fire (temperature, height without smoke). Evaluation of injury to people and damage to the building is obtained through probabilistic simulations developed from danger events identified by experts. Various safety improvement actions can be simulated and compared in order to retain the most effective one. Specific examples are given and an analysis of the most important points to develop in the future is provided
Donguy, Arnaud. „Contribution de l'information géographique aux métiers de l'assurance pour la gestion des événements d'ampleur“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741931.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSebaaoui, Christine. „Spécificités et perspectives de la titrisation française : analyse des risques spécifiques, évaluation et motivations des acteurs“. Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL20009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe french "titrisation", derived from the american securitisation, is a way for banks to sell loans from the balance sheets and to issue, in return a new financial asset, the "fonds commun de creances". Explanations of the present structure of the french securitisation have been searched in terms of market's actors. On the one hand, the most inportant problem for investors is to value the risks and to estimate the price of these new assets : default and prepayment risks will be integrated in pricing models. On the other hand, banks must be motivated to securitise, especially to respect the capital adequacy requirements (cooke ratio). Securitisation is indeed an instrument for balance sheet management
Gatfaoui, Hayette. „Évaluation et analyse du risque de défaut de paiement des actifs financiers“. Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaroni, Michel. „Analyse du risque de l'immobilier physique : évaluation et application aux financements structurés“. Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the thesis is to analyze the risk factors associated with real estate physical investment. A rich database of over 100000 transactions mainly for residential properties in the Paris area over the 1973-1998 period is explored. The main risk factors are identified using the Principal Component Analysis as well as a Stepwise WLS Regression Method. .
Orou, Zime Hamed. „Une évaluation du risque d'innovation sur les rendements boursiers des entreprises américaines“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35199.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe principal objective pursued by this thesis is to measure the risk of innovation on the return on corporates assets. To do this, we use three measures of innovation, namely: R&D expenditure / Book value (RD/VC ), R&D / Total assets expense (RD/AT), and the elasticity R&D of the total income (r). Through these three measures, we build three innovation risk premiums. When the innovation premium is associated with the ratio RD/VC or RD/AT , our results indicate that firms are not only exposed to the risk of innovation, but also that their sensitivity to the risk of innovation is inversely proportional to their size. On the other hand, when the innovation premium is associated with r, we notice that our coefficients are very weak and insignificant. We therefore conclude that the most innovative companies are those that invest the most in research and development.
Smirnov, Andrei. „Risque de contrepartie, de marché et de système dans les relations interbancaires“. Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe interbank relations are the central element of modern financial system, the mechanism of reinsurance and coinsurance of financial risks taken by different economic agents and the highly specific field of banking activity. The interbank relations bring about certain individuals risks (especially countreparty and market risks) that could regenerate under some circumstances into systemic risk. The capacity of resistance of financial system and banking sector to systemic crisis is not constant and depends upon the facility of diffusion of shocks provoked by the realisation of individuals risks in financial infrastructure and upon the solidity of market agents who take these risks. Today, regardless some imperfections, the security mechanism, including market discipline and public authorities' actions, plays crucial role in maintaining the stability of banking sector in developed countries and strongly reduces the probability of systemic shocks
Chautru, Lionel. „Le management des risques : une question socio-cognitive. Une recherche finalisée à destination des "risk-managers". A partir d'une action de gestion des risques à la SNCF“. Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe question of professional risks in a company was and has always been at the core of the history of work. Nowadays, the accelerated evolution of companies has given this question a dimension that goes over that of management. Risks are at the heart of our modes of functioning, our modes of management, whether they are linked to the world of work, as the object of this paper is, or whether they are financial issues, geopolitical ones, of public health… In a context of moving and adapting organizations, the existing resources to manage risks, such as the a priori analysis of professional risks, must become thoroughly familiar with the implicit knowledge, and not run after the illusion of a frozen and rooted world, “entirely” guaranteeing its safety. Risk-managers are therefore faced with their own acquisition – from experience – of the systems and modalities to be carried out in order to encourage the development and transfer of the necessary skills towards the associates of the company. The modalities to implement these systems must be adapted to the modes of learning and acquisition of these types of skills, while also taking into account the permanent renewal of knowledge. This research, which has been carried out within the SNCF i. E. The French National Railway Society, claims to be a thought about a crucial issue which is often dealt with superficially, from a unique angle of attack – the technical-prescriptive one. Given the limits of that approach, we have chosen to deal with this question from a socio-cognitive point of view. The subject is therefore presented in a new light – reconsidering the transfer of skills more in terms of joint effort and participation in the action than in terms of organized transmission. A question yet remains open in our closing part – what must the contribution of the Human Resources Department be in such a context ?
Gaudreault, Valérie. „L'hypertension d'effort : Un continuum clinique? Du syndrome métabolique au diabète de type 2 en passant par l'athlète. Qu'en est-il de la réponse hémodynamique à l'effort, des anomalies métaboliques associées et de la modulation autonome cardiaque?“ Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29938/29938.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEtienne, Julien. „L'impact de l'action publique sur les comportements privés : une approche de goal framing theory“. Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGueye, Dieng Khadidiatou. „Analyse du risque technique de la branche incapacité-invalidité“. Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10254.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonsinjon, Sylvie. „Défaillances, paniques bancaires et risque de système“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL304.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarlier, Grégory. „Peut-on prendre le risque de la capitalisation ?“ Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Marlier.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMailhot, Mélina. „Mesures de risque et dépendance“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29656/29656.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn risk theory, the main task of the actuary is to manage the risks underwritten by the company so that, at any time, it will be able to fulfill its obligations. Risk measures are valuable tools for this purpose. In this thesis, risk measures and capital allocation methods based on the dependence between multivariate risks are studied. Also, new measures of risk and capital allocation methods are developed within the framework of multivariate portfolios with partially aggregated dependencies between risks. The introduction presents a literature review and the concepts discussed in this thesis. In the second chapter, the capital allocation based on the measure Tail Value-at- Risk (TVaR) for a portfolio of risks following multivariate distributions with continuous severities is presented. The third chapter is the study of the bivariate Value-at-Risk (VaR). The latter is studied and illustrated, according to the dependence between risks. Several results on the conditions of convexity and relative to concordance orders and bounds of this metric are set. An interesting application in insurance is also presented. The new bivariate lower and upper orthant TVaR are presented in chapter four. These measures are motivated, studied and applied to Equity Indexed Annuities associated with correlated assets. The fifth chapter presents a numerical algorithm in order to calculate lower and upper bounds for sums of random variables. The method suggested is concise and parsimonious. It also allows to compute bounds for the VaR for sums of random variables. A brief conclusion recalls the contributions of this thesis and suggests some interesting research venues in connection with topics discussed in the previous chapters.
Stili, Djamel. „Risque de défaillance et contagion des risques d'entreprises“. Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDenis, Denys. „Développement et évaluation d'une stratégie d'observation de conditions à risque pour la manutention“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36908.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFifty-one observation variables were identified and an observation structure was elaborated from three data sources. These sources were: a literature review on observation grids, interviews with expert handlers and video sequences of a laboratory manual handling study where 10 inexperience subjects performed a total of 1500 container transfers. Observational data entry was recorded from a sample of these 174 sequences for which biomechanic measures were also done.
The results show that observations can be reliable and valid and that the diversity of observation objects can be important and extend beyond postural variables. The observations performed on an uninterrupted video sequence are the ones that present the most difficulties. The observers' experience does not seem to be an important factor in obtaining reliable results. On the other hand, the observation criteria, the training and the breakdown of variable classes are factors susceptible to influence reliability.
Many observation variables for balance had a significative impact on the biomechanical measure of balance, particularly when the object is taken and put down. This is the case with the number of foot supports, the weight distribution at the base of support and the position of the object, especially it's lateral deportation with respect to the body. The backward movement of the pelvis, which enables to compensate for the added external weight to the body, was significantly associated to balance. In general grouped variables, have more impact on the measure of balance than variables taken individually. Grouped variables are also less prone to variations when handling contexts are changed. For asymmetry, shoulder orientation with respect to the pelvis, back flexion, parallelism of the shoulders to the ground, and the position of the hands on the object handled all had a significative impact on the effort asymmetries when the object was taken from the plate-form. For the control and fluidity, a difficulty in finding a corresponding biomechanical measure or reliability problems did not enable us to verify whether our observations could have permitted to evaluate the risky conditions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Marri, Fouad. „Évaluation des mesures de ruine dans le cadre de modèles avancés de risque“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26001/26001.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoutanabbir, Khouzeima. „Évaluation et allocation du risque dans le cadre de modèles avancés en actuariat“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29730/29730.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we are interested in risk evaluation and risk allocation blems using advanced actuarial models. First, we investigate risk aggregation and capital allocation problems for a portfolio of possibly dependent risks whose multivariate distribution is defined with the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula and with mixed Erlang distributions for the marginals. In such a context, we first show that the aggregate claim amount has a mixed Erlang distribution. Based on a top-down approach, closed-form expressions for the contribution of each risk are derived using the TVaR and covariance rules. These findings are illustrated with numerical examples. Then, we propose to investigate the distribution of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights over finite- or infinite-time intervals within the Sparre Andersen risk model. In particular, the moments of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights over a finite- and an infinite-time intervals are derived in both the classical compound Poisson risk model and the Sparre Andersen risk model with exponential claims. The application of a particular Gerber-Shiu functional is central to the derivation of these results, as is the mixed Erlang distributional assumption. Finally, we define VaR and TVaR risk measures in terms of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights. We use a moment-matching method to approximate the distribution of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights allowing the computation of the VaR and TVaR risk measures. In the last chapter, we present a stochastic investment model (SIM) for international investors. We assume that investors are allowed to hold assets in two different economies. This SIM includes four components: interest rates, stocks, inflation and exchange rate models. First, we give a full description of the model and we detail the parameter estimation. The model is estimated using a state-space formulation and an extended Kalman filter. Based on scenarios generated from this SIM, we study the risk allocation to different background risks: asset, inflation and exchange rate risks. The risk allocation is based on the TVaR-based rule.
Bonilla, Sierra Viviana. „De la photogrammétrie à la modélisation 3D : évaluation quantitative du risque d'éboulement rocheux“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI072/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStructural and mechanical analyses of rock mass are key components for rock slope stability assessment. The complementary use of photogrammetric techniques and numerical models coupling discrete fracture networks (DFN) with the discrete element method (DEM) provides a methodology that can be applied to assess the mechanical behaviour of realistic three-dimensional (3D) configurations for which fracture persistence cannot be assumed. The stability of the rock mass is generally assumed to be controlled by the shear strength along discontinuity planes present within the slope. If the discontinuities are non–persistent with their continuity being interrupted by the presence of intact rock bridges, their apparent strength increases considerably. In this case, the contribution of the rock bridges located in-between these discontinuities have to be accounted for in the stability analysis. The progressive failure of rock slope involving non–persistent discontinuities can be numerically investigated based upon simulations performed using a DEM approach. The intact material is represented as an assembly of bonded particles interacting through dedicated contact laws that can be calibrated to properly represent the behaviour of the rock material. The advantage of the method is that it enables to simulate fracture initiation and propagation inside the rock matrix as a result of inter-particle bond breakage. In addition, pre–existing discontinuities can be explicitly included in the model by using a modified contact logic that ensures an explicit and constitutive mechanical behaviour of the discontinuity planes. Stability analyses were carried out with emphasis on the contribution of rock bridges failure through a mixed shear-tensile failure process, leading to the generation of new failure surfaces. Jennings' formulation being considered to be one of the first rock slope stability analysis that evaluates the resistance to sliding as a weighted combination of both, intact rock bridges and discontinuity planes strengths, its validity was discussed and systematically compared to results obtained from numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the validity of Jennings' formulation is limited as soon as tensile failure becomes predominant and an alternative formulation is proposed to assess the resulting equivalent strength. Regarding field slope stability, we show that the combination of high resolution photogrammetric data and DFN-DEM modelling can be used to identify valid model scenarios of unstable wedges and blocks daylighting at the surface of both natural and engineered rock slopes. Back analysis of a real case study confirmed that failure surfaces can be simulated as a result of both fracture propagation across rock bridges and sliding along pre-existing discontinuities. An identified wedge failure that occurred in an Australian coal mine was used to validate the methodology. Numerical simulations were undertaken to determine in what scenarios the measured and predicted failure surfaces can be used to calibrate strength parameters in the model. The work presented here is part of a more global need to improve natural and mining hazards management related to unstable rock masses. We believe that the proposed methodology can strengthen the basis for a more comprehensive stability analysis of complex fractured rock slopes
Beigt, Noëlle. „Évaluation du risque de perforation du gant chirurgical au cours de l'acte opératoire“. Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePilaeva, Kristina. „Perception et évaluation du risque : espace cognitif et "pattern" décisionnel des capital-risqueurs“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1858/1/030114608.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiedi, Géraldine. „Évaluation aux urgences des facteurs de risque pour la récidive suicidaire dans l'année“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1654/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBackground and objectives: Risk factors for suicide and deliberate self-harm are the subject of many studies in the epidemiology of suicidal behaviour. However few studies have focused on the recurrence of suicidal behaviours after hospitalization in the emergency department for a deliberate self-harm. The aim of this study is to identify specific risk factors for repeated deliberate self-harm among patients admitting following a deliberate self-harm by acute intoxication to assess and orient in an optimal way after patients' suicidal act. Methods: A prospective year study was conducted with 606 patients admitted to the Emergency Room as a result of self-poisoning. The assessment, in the emergencies, fell on the intensity of suicidal intent with the Beck Suicidal Intent Scale (SIS), the level of alexithymia with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS 20), the intensity of depression with the The Beck Depression Inventory-13 (BDI), the level of hopelessness with the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the level of alcohol dependence with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and other psychiatric disorders with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M. I. N. I. ). For each subject included, emergency admissions for suicidal behaviour, regardless of the modality, were informed with the computerization of medical data in the year following the date of inclusion, and have created the variable "relapse" and" multiple recurrences ". Results: Among the 606 participants, 418 women (69%) and 188 men (31%), mean age 38 years (SD= 13. 2), 140 (23. 1%) readmitted in the year after the evaluation and 61 (10. 1%) were readmitted more than 2 times. Antipsychotic and anxiolytic treatment, addiction to alcohol and marital status "single" were significant independent predictors of recurrence at 1 year. Antipsychotic and anxiolytic treatment and addiction to alcohol were significant independent predictors multiple recurrence. Conclusion: Upon an initial ER admission as a result of self-poisoning, it is important to evaluate specific factors, such as alcohol abuse, that could subsequently lead to repeated deliberate self-harm. In view of improving the targeting and referral of patients towards structures that can best respond to their needs
Bernardi, Yanick. „Réglementation bancaire, évaluation des risques de marché et approche value at risk“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConsidering the acknowledgement of the "Value at Risk" methods, as well by the experts as well by the authorities, the thesis proposes to study the regulation of market risk focusing particularly on he following questions : -Why and how regulate banks risk takin on the financial markets ? - Is a capital constraint, based on "Value at Risk" approach, efficient, from a theoretical point of view, to limit the financial institutions risk taking ? - Considering the various possible solutions, is there a traditional Value at Risk evaluation method being more powerful in the French context ? A large review of literature on the "why" and "how" of the market risk regulation leads to the definition of a theoretical model analysing the influence of a capital constraint on banks behaviour about their portfolio composition. .