Dissertationen zum Thema „Evaluation des pratiques“
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Phelip, Jean-Marc. „Evaluation des pratiques de soins du cancer colorectal en France“. Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU16.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWinterfeld, Ursula. „Evaluation des pratiques professionnelles : utilisation des médicaments psychotropes chez l'enfant et l'adolescent“. Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P641.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis investigates prescribing practices of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents in various sectors of care (community setting, paediatric university hospital). We examined the proportion of children covered by the Caisse Régionale d’Assurance Maladie d’Ile-de-France who received antidepressants. We determined the extent of the use of unlicensed and off-label psychotropic medications in hôpital Robert Debré APHP. Furthermore, we analysed the use of psychopharmacotherapy in children and adolescents hospitalised in the psychiatry ward of hôpital Robert Debré APHP. We also presented monitoring and management strategies of psychotropic drug induced side effects in paediatric patients. Our clinical findings provide paediatric hospitals and psychiatric inpatient units with an opportunity to compare and discuss individual psychopharmacological practices
Ndiaye, Valdiodio. „Evaluation de l'utilisation de la vidéo dans des travaux pratiques universitaires de biologie“. Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTilbian, Carole Melot Michel. „Evaluation et sélection de romans en bibliothèque. Discours et pratiques d'acquisition. L'exemple lyonnais“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/tilbian-dcb15.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDEL, VALLE JEAN May Thierry. „CONSULTATION ANTIRABIQUE AU CHU DE NANCY EVALUATION ET PROPOSITION D'HARMONISATION DES PRATIQUES MEDICALES /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2000_DEL_VALLE_JEAN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlencar, de Pinho Natalia. „Evaluation des pratiques cliniques dans la maladie rénale chronique – apport des études observationnelles“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10% of the adult population and is associated with high risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular complications, and premature death. Guidelines recommend a number of measures for the prevention of CKD progression and complications, but these recommendations are often based on low evidence or expert opinion. In this thesis, we used observational data to assess clinical practices in two key areas of CKD: arteriovenous (AV) access for hemodialysis, and hypertension control in moderate to severe CKD. Using data from the French REIN registry of renal replacement therapy for ESKD, we showed that only 56% of the 53,092 adult incident patients on hemodialysis from 2005 through 2013 had an AV access (either fistulae or grafts) created at hemodialysis initiation as recommended, of which 16% were nonfunctional, requiring catheter use associated with high mortality risk. Conversion into functional AV access was associated with better outcome, but less than two out of three patients starting hemodialysis with a catheter experienced this conversion within 3 years after dialysis start. In the CKD-REIN cohort study, among 1658 patients with moderate to severe CKD, we found less hypertension control and higher systolic blood pressure to be associated with higher sodium intake assessed from spot urine, but not with lower potassium intake. Spot urinary sodium/potassium ratio did not appear to add value than sodium alone for patient monitoring. Finally, using data from the International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease cohorts (iNET-CKD), including 17 cohort studies over 4 continents (N=34,602 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), we highlighted a global poor hypertension control in CKD with regards to recommendations, with large variations across countries (from 27 to 61% blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg). These variations are partly explained by patients’ characteristics, and associated with very different antihypertensive treatment profiles. In conclusion, this thesis points out major gaps between guideline recommendations and CKD management in real life, and provide clues for the prevention of AV access-related complications and better hypertension control
Alencar, de Pinho Natalia. „Evaluation des pratiques cliniques dans la maladie rénale chronique – apport des études observationnelles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10% of the adult population and is associated with high risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular complications, and premature death. Guidelines recommend a number of measures for the prevention of CKD progression and complications, but these recommendations are often based on low evidence or expert opinion. In this thesis, we used observational data to assess clinical practices in two key areas of CKD: arteriovenous (AV) access for hemodialysis, and hypertension control in moderate to severe CKD. Using data from the French REIN registry of renal replacement therapy for ESKD, we showed that only 56% of the 53,092 adult incident patients on hemodialysis from 2005 through 2013 had an AV access (either fistulae or grafts) created at hemodialysis initiation as recommended, of which 16% were nonfunctional, requiring catheter use associated with high mortality risk. Conversion into functional AV access was associated with better outcome, but less than two out of three patients starting hemodialysis with a catheter experienced this conversion within 3 years after dialysis start. In the CKD-REIN cohort study, among 1658 patients with moderate to severe CKD, we found less hypertension control and higher systolic blood pressure to be associated with higher sodium intake assessed from spot urine, but not with lower potassium intake. Spot urinary sodium/potassium ratio did not appear to add value than sodium alone for patient monitoring. Finally, using data from the International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease cohorts (iNET-CKD), including 17 cohort studies over 4 continents (N=34,602 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), we highlighted a global poor hypertension control in CKD with regards to recommendations, with large variations across countries (from 27 to 61% blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg). These variations are partly explained by patients’ characteristics, and associated with very different antihypertensive treatment profiles. In conclusion, this thesis points out major gaps between guideline recommendations and CKD management in real life, and provide clues for the prevention of AV access-related complications and better hypertension control
Moore, Rickie. „Evaluation de la performance économique durable des entreprises : méthodes et pratiques américaines et européennes“. Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2005_in_moore_r.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoore, Rickie Savall Henri. „Evaluation de la performance économique durable des entreprises méthodes et pratiques américaines et européennes /“. Grenoble : ANRT-Grenoble, 2005. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr:8080/oo2xml/production/lyon3/2005/moore_r/html/index-frames.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoore, Rickie Savall Henri. „Evaluation de la performance économique durable des entreprises méthodes et pratiques américaines et européennes /“. Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2005/moore_r.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrinceton, Judith. „Pratiques innovantes d'exploitation des réseaux routiers en lien avec une mobilité durable : une nouvelle approche de l'évaluation“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1152/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraffic management is facing the new issues of the sustainable development concept. The objective is not only to guarantee acceptable travels times over the networks anymore. Energy consumption as well as associated greenhouse gaz and pollutant emissions must be reduced for a better quality of life for current and future generations. Standards in road safety have also been reinforced and aim at cutting off the number of accident fatalities. Thus, traffic operators use the most innovating strategies. Nevertheless, if decision-makers have greater possibilities to implement their programmes, they also are committed to assess their performance at different stages. This doctoral thesis analyses the new strategies in motorway network management by identifying their respective domains of application as well as their potential and real impacts. Limitations of existing a priori and a posteriori evaluation methods are highlighted and a new approach is proposed. It associates the three main criteria of sustainable mobility to one concept: the level of service, which is widely used by network operators. The methodology is validated on several operations. Besides, based on results obtained from the various lane management operations implemented all accross Europe, the thesis proposes a tool to help in choosing the appropriate strategy according to the motorway layout and congestion level. The tool is presented in the form of a catalog of typical cases for the Ile-de-France motorway network. The new evaluation approach proposed in this thesis may be easily integrated in the available traffic simulation tools. Hence, the impacts of a traffic management operation on congestion, safety and the environment may be obtained as output from those simulators in the framewok of an a priori evaluation. This integration is also possible in the traffic management center systems, for a posteriori evaluations. Besides, the thesis identifies potential subjects for future research. Firstly, accident severity could be considered in the proposed evaluation approach, which takes into account all injury accidents at once by now, due to a lack of data. Likewise, only four manged lane strategies are included in the catalog, which could be extended to all the existing traffic management operations through the same methodology described in the thesis
Roma, Vanessa. „Théâtre, thérapie et troubles du comportement alimentaire : pratiques scéniques à partir de fragments d'Enfance de Nathalie Sarraute“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn art-therapy, although literature can raise the positive effects of Theatre practice in therapy, it is little referenced to a specific psychopathology and/ or indications which may demonstrate the hypothesised relationship between Theatre, psychology and cathartic effects. However, theatrical mediation is unique in that it joins together work with body, voice, gaze and emotional expression, referring to a range of proven techniques, and allowing the construction of specific devices adapted to such and such symptoms and/ or pathologies. In this context, a specific device was developed with 30 people hospitalised for eating disorders (ED). It is based mainly on the book “Childhood” by Nathalie Sarraute, and on the technical work of the Actor. An assessment of the shows and processes was conducted by following a test/ re-test procedure, with an observation grid including both theatrical and clinical aspects. The results allow us to see that for all involved, Theatre helps artistically, clinically and statistically in the construction and affirmation of self-image. Moreover, it allows them to feel, perceive, recognise and express their emotions and develop theatrical coping strategies.Overall, there is some inter-penetration: if Theatre is a mediation relevant to people with ED, they bring their own particularly symbolising and uniquely enriching monstration to said various theatrical devices. The key is to create, or recreate through an exchange, the journey between body and JE(u) (I/play) and JE(u) (I/play) to the body through psychological, aesthetical and theatrical catharsis on both sides of the stage. In fine, catharsis appears as the fundamental process uniting mediated therapies and Theatre in an innovative approach
Anyla, Rodolphe Branchet-Allinieu Jean-Christophe. „Evaluation des pratiques de maintien à domicile de patients insuffisants cardiaques chroniques en décompensation aiguë“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDanyla.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBinachon, Pierre-Paul Bayoumeu Françoise. „Evaluation des pratiques anesthésiques pour césarienne programée ASA 1 dans le réseau périnatal lorrain en 2003“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2006_BINACHON_PIERRE_PAUL.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBravo, Douglas. „Evaluation de la prise en charge des patients tuberculeux dans un hôpital universitaire“. Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDetourbe, Marie-Agnès. „Contribution à la caractérisation des pratiques d’évaluation dans le monde de l’enseignement supérieur britannique envisagé comme domaine spécialisé“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21823/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research work aims at contributing to the characterization of evaluation practices in the the British higher education sector. It draws on the theoretical and methodological framework of Anglais de spécialité, a disciplinary field focusing on specialized fields in the English-speaking world. This work consists more specifically in showing that the study of evaluation practices represents a particularly interesting way of identifying and analysing the essential characteristics of higher education in the United Kindgom. First, we introduce the theoretical and methodological framework of our study, we draw a global portrait of British higher education today and we underline the essential characteristics of the evaluation process. We then move on to explain how institutional evaluation works in the British higher education sector, who its main actors are and how they interact and how the discourses they produce can be organized into specific genres that relate to the more global category of academic discourse. Finally, we analyse in detail a set of discourses related to the evaluation of three dimensions of higher education in the United Kingdom – research, academic standards and the learning experience. The study of the criteria and results of these dimensions allows us to analyse the impact of evaluation on the professional identity of academics, on the organization of higher education institutions and, more globally, on the missions of the British higher education sector
Braunstein, Sylvie. „Evaluation des pratiques de décontamination des dispositifs médicaux dans un établissement hospitalier : élaboration d'un protocole de décontamination“. Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoqueret, Guillaume. „Options exotiques, lois infiniment divisibles et processus de Lévy : aspects théoriques et pratiques“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10146/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis consists of three independent chapters.The first one deals with closed forms of the Wiener-hopf factorization for Lévy processes. We list the known cases for which this factorization can be explicitely written and provide a detailed account when the underlying functions are meromorphic of order two.The second chapter focuses on the inversion of the Laplace transform. We present an approximative method in a probabilistic setting. If the behavior of the Laplace transform near zero is known and if the underlying density is bounded, then this method yields a uniform bound for the error on the cumulative distribution function. We test this technique on two non-trivial examples.The final chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the pricing of exotic options in the Finite Moment Log-Stable model of Carr and Wu. In some cases, it is possible to obtain closed forms (converging series) for the prices of lookback and barrier options. In all other cases, we study several simulation techniques for the trajectories of the underlying for the purpose of Monte-Carlo valuation
Huchette, Michaël. „Evaluation expérimentale de l'apport, pour une formation d'ingénieurs, d'un simulateur informatique en travaux pratiques de bureau d'études mécaniques“. Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136872.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBedouch, Pierrick. „Diffusion des bonnes pratiques de prescription : modélisation des interventions pharmaceutiques“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBedja, Soraya. „Evolution des pratiques d’enseignement différencié en algèbre élémentaire en fin de collège dans le cadre d’un travail collaboratif entre enseignants et chercheurs“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC333/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn our research, we are interesting in the management of the heterogeneity of students learning of the same class, and in the differentiation of teaching in the field of algebraic calculations,in the end of compulsory schooling in France. These questions have been the subject of several studies especially in the field of sociology (Bourdieu 1966), Science Education (Perrenoud, 1989, 1991; Przesmycki, 1991; Caron, 2003; Sarrazy, 2007) and in the field of mathematics education (Charnay, 1995; Grugeon, 1997; Castela , 2007; Pilet, 2012). Since recent years, they constitute two news topics in French secondary education. The different research highlights the fact that teachers are in difficulty to advance students. Two reasons lead us to focus on these themes. On one hand, the finding of confusion for teachers in managing the growing difficulties of students, and, on the other hand, the results of the French school system in terms of knowledge of students in national and international evaluations, particularly in the mathematical field. The aim of our research is to study the evolution of differentiation practices in teaching algebra, using resources whose cognitive and epistemological relevance has been highlighted in Pilet’s researches (2012) and a collaborative work between teachers and researchers as part of IREM group entitled « Differentiation in teaching algebra »
Abramovici, Marianne. „La prise en compte de l'organisation dans l'analyse des risques industriels : méthodes et pratiques“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrinceton, Judith, und Judith Princeton. „Pratiques innovantes d'exploitation des réseaux routiers en lien avec une mobilité durable : une nouvelle approche de l'évaluation“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFontaine, Matthieu Carles Gabriel. „Evaluation des pratiques professionnelles en matière de prééclampsie dans l'Ouest guyanais Etude rétrospective de 88 cas survenus en 2007 /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2009_FONTAINE_MATTHIEU.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGerman, Ronan. „L’intervention des médias informatisés dans le continuum de la médiation patrimoniale. D’une écriture des pratiques de visite à une pratique des écritures de médiation“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen dealing with the discontinuity and heterogeneity of museum communication (which is essential and not at all accidental), the broad spectrum of the positions adopted by the actors of mediatization who are involved in the processes is substantial. This thesis examines the manner in which these actors (i.e. those working in museums and those collaborating with them) anticipate complex interactions and seek to guarantee their place on the continuum of heritage interpretation in order to pursue their respective projects. This thesis was possible thanks to a CIFRE grant and was undertaken within a service provider for museums called Mazedia. In this context of relatively significant institutional instability, its aim is to focus on the reliance on digitized media and, more precisely, on architexts, that is, writing tools which condition the writing (and, as a result, the reading) of others. In a process which is situated at an intersection between media and mediation semiology and political economy of communication, two architexts are analyzed in detail, DMA Friends (conceived by the Dallas museum of Art) and Wezit (conceived by Mazedia) respectively. The first was chosen on account of the way it illustrates a process of architextualisation of museum evaluation (apprehended as practices scripturalization). The second deals with a process of the architextualization of practices of transmedia interpretation writing. It is in an exploratory perspective that this thesis examines the possible articulation between these two processes and the manner in which the latter is susceptible to reconfigure the way heritage mediation can operate when it relies on the use of digitized media
Maitrise, Alexandre Bernard Ranchoux. „'Renouvellement, integration et evaluation des pratiques pedagogiques d'Apprentissage des langues Assiste par Ordinateur dans la salle de classe multimedia SmartClass“. Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529550.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaillard, Olivier Grossi Olivier. „Evaluation des pratiques professionnelles de la prise en charge du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum chez l'adulte au CHU de Nantes“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=54551.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWils, Jean. „Les pratiques professionnelles en lecture : régulation des conflits et hermeneutique : Evaluation dialectique dans la formation des étudiants en masso-kinésithérapie“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBossuroy, Muriel. „Le bilan psychologique en situation transculturelle : Contribution à une amélioration des pratiques“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation seeks to contribute to improving the practice of psychological assessment in a transcultural setting, in a context where psychologists see ever increasing numbers of patients of diverse cultural origins. We first frame our investigation by linking it to such broad issues as the universality of psychic structures, the definition of culture, the challenges related to calibrated tests and the research around adapting clinical tools and practices. We then discuss the complemetarist methodology as well as the psychic dimension of migration. The second part is made up of two studies. We first deal with the issue of cultural biases in nonverbal tests, with a comparative study of samples of the Rey and Osterrieth figures collected electronically. We compare productions by children in France (N=914), Burkina Faso (N=76) and Iran (N=45) but also by children of various cultural origins within the French sample. Results reveal an impact of culture on the perceptive structure, which also holds across migrants of various origins living in a same area. A second part presentsAvicenne’s ELAL, a language test specially created for children immersed in a bilingual environment by theCentre du Langaged’Avicenne (APHP), which is undergoing a validation process by our multidisciplinary team.We explain why this test is necessary in a transcultural setting before describing the steps leading to creating and validating it. After administering it 18 times including 4 times in Arabic, 8 in Tamil and 6 in Soninke, we offer initial field remarks. Finally, a general discussion draws lessons from those different pieces of research and suggests possible improvements for assessments, both on the adaptation of clinical practices and on necessary avenues for further research. This leads us to emphasize the need for multidisciplinary works bringing together research and clinic and for a nuanced and pragmatic approach of these matters
Mousquès, Julien. „Soins primaires et performance : de la variabilité des pratiques des médecins généralistes au rôle de l'organisation des soins“. Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090061/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to economic research, the general practitioner is considered as an agent that offered information and intellectual services in health to principals. Imperfect convergence between their objectives, like the presence of uncertainties and information asymmetries, lead the physician “to fix” the quantities, the effort and the quality of the care and services delivered. Based on three articles, this thesis aims at identifying the role of the characteristics of the general practitioners and of their practice organization, on activity performance. The first articles analyzes the determinants of the antibiotic prescription for acute rhinopharyngitis variability, the second evaluates the impact of team working with nurses on the quality and the efficiency of the care for diabetic patients, and the third evaluates the impact of multi-professional group practices on the activity and the productive efficiency of GPs and on the utilization of ambulatory health care and by their patients. These researches question the relative weakness of the ambulatory health care regulation in France in terms of health care expenditure containment policies in comparison with that bearing on demand
Di, Cesare Silvia. „Anticiper les effets des pesticides sur la santé des travailleurs agricoles sur la base des pratiques réelles : le cas des plantations de banane“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEcosystems and people are exposed every day to multiple chemical stressors via multiple pathways and routes due to economic and population growth. Considering that the use of pesticides is especially prone to potentially damage health in the workplace, we decided to design a dedicated method.This thesis project aims to develop a method to examine the comparative effects of different agricultural production systems on operators’ health because of pesticide. The objective is to enable the assessment of a comprehensive set of information for decision support purposes, considering the actual (good and bad) work practices. Furthermore, a decision support tool for different stakeholders (plantation managers at first) to discriminate between several production systems regarding their potential impact on farmworkers health, is under development. This method has to be based on readily available data in a reasonable time, and corresponding to meaningful data for managers, to provide them opportunities of action in crop innovation. We followed four steps: seeking help of experts; constructing knowledge trees; developing decision trees; calculating the potential impact on farmworkers health due to pesticides for operators at different scales, and regarding one given farming system in a feasibility test.The first phases were implemented through a Delphi expert consensus method eliciting knowledge from agronomists, economists and exposure assessment specialists, in order to map the different “banana workflows” and the origins of good and bad practices.After getting and interpreting results of the indicator calculation in the feasibility test, we ought to propose improvements of the method.We decided to carry out a feasibility test through semi-structured interviews. We flank these interviews with direct observation of operators and workers accomplishing the different steps of the production. The aim of this comparison is to cross- check both what experts referred in their narration (information present in trees), and what the interviewed persons declared. Conventional (non-organic) producers were selected for interviews.This research work contributes to the study of the way in which human capital (considered like an input in the MCM approach) could be consummate to reach determined results in terms of export market.The present work aims encouraging decent work through identification of possible choices less harmful to health and ensuring healthy environment and safety. The result of this entire thesis work is formalized in a meso-scale pathway, named “Wesseling pathway”
Michaud, Audrey. „Evaluation des services fourragers et environnementaux des prairies permanentes à partir de la végétation, du milieu et des pratiques de gestion“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL039N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe contribution of permanent grasslands (PG) to agronomic and environmental services is important. However, their low level of subsidies, a lack of knowledge about their management and a disinterest of these surfaces in favour of more productive forage production have accelerated their downturn. The upgrade of these surfaces in forage systems in particular by studying services of PG is an important issue. In this context, the objective of our study was to identify pedoclimatic and management practices descriptors and characteristics of the vegetation relevant to predict these services. Our approach was based on different steps: i) identification and characterization of forage and environmental services relevant to the PG, ii) identification of aptitude criteria (herbage quality, amount of nectar available ...) which allow to assess the degree of achievement of the services, iii) prediction of values for each criterion of aptitude from characteristics of vegetation (botanical and functional composition) and iv) building links between characteristics of vegetation and pedoclimatic (temperature, soil moisture) and management practices (fertilization, date of first cut) descriptors. From the literature survey, expertise and farm surveys we selected the forage and environmental services, the criteria of aptitude, the characteristics of vegetation and pedoclimatic and management practices descriptors. In total, four environmental services and 11 feed services were studied, taking into account the 12 characteristics of the vegetation (botanical composition (presence and dominance of species) and functional composition (life traits and properties of species)), 15 pedoclimatic descriptors (temperature, soil moisture ...) and 19 management practices descriptors (fertilization, intensity of use of grassland...). The study of a national network of 190 grasslands allowed us to show that botanical and functional composition are non-redundant and influenced by different pedoclimatic and management practices descriptors. The functional composition is influenced by pedoclimatic and management practices descriptors while the botanical composition, which uses a larger number of descriptors, is mainly predicted by pedoclimatic descriptors. The model predictions are better for the botanical composition than for the functional composition. The study of this network and of an experiment in control conditions allowed us to evaluate the quality of prediction of criteria of aptitude for forage services from the functional composition (functional types (FT), proportion of grasses, legumes and forbs, middle stage and dry matter content) of the vegetation. The study in a common environment of three grasslands contrasted on FT composition confirms on the whole growth season the differences in quality and production of grassland that are linked to the FT composition. In contrast, at the scale of the national grassland network, FT composition alone is not sufficient to predict the observed differences in production and quality. Other characteristics of vegetation such as the proportion of legumes and forbs, as well as the mean stage of vegetation or the dry matter content also contribute to explain the differences in production and quality between grasslands. Finally, a multicriteria approach allowed us to build an evaluation method of forage and environmental services from the criteria of aptitude.Thus, this thesis work allowed the development of a method to predict the forage and environmental services provided by permanent grasslands from the knowledge of pedoclimatic characteristics, management practices and of simple vegetation criteria
Ayad, Sarah. „Business Process Models Quality : evaluation and improvement“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0922.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years the problems related to modeling and improving business processes have been of growing interest. Indeed, companies are realizing the undeniable impact of a better understanding and management of business processes (BP) on the effectiveness, consistency, and transparency of their business operations. BP modeling aims at a better understanding of processes, allowing deciders to achieve strategic goals of the company. However, inexperienced systems analysts often lack domain knowledge leading and this affects the quality of models they produce.Our approach targets the problem related to business process modeling quality by proposing an approach encompassing methods and tools for business process (BP) models quality measurement and improvement. We propose to support this modeling effort with an approach that uses domain knowledge to improve the semantic quality of BP models.The main contribution of this thesis is fourfold:1. Exploiting the IS domain knowledge: A business process metamodel is identified.Semantics are added to the metamodel by the mean of OCL constraints.2. Exploiting the application domain knowledge. It relies on domain ontologies. Alignment between the concepts of both metamodels is defined and illustrated.3. Designing of the guided quality process encompassing methods and techniques to evaluate and improve the business process models. Our process propose many quality constraints and metrics in order to evaluat the quality of the models and finally the process propose relevant recommendations for improvement.4. Development of a software prototype “BPM-Quality”. Our prototype implements all theabove mentioned artifacts and proposes a workflow enabling its users to evaluate andimprove CMs efficiently and effectively.We conducted a survey to validate the selection of the quality constraints through a first experience and also conducted a second experiment to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of our overall approach and proposed improvements
GARCIA, GIANNOLI HELENE. „Evaluation des pratiques de prevention des cancers par les medecins generalistes : enquete telephonique aupres d'un echantillon de 191 medecins generalistes du rhone“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJouini, Meriem. „Evaluation environnementale des pratiques agricoles et des aménagements de conservation par ACV : cas du bassin versant de Merguellil de la Tunisie centrale“. Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSAM0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn semi-arid areas, agriculture is based on limited and fragile "water and soil" resources that are often overexploited. To ensure the sustainability of agricultural land management in rural areas, environmental assessment must be integrated to support decision-makers and local stakeholders in their decision-making. Due to its comprehensiveness, life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most widely used tools for environmental impact assessment. It has global approach (all potential environmental impacts are considered) and life cycle thinking ("cradle to grave"). However, LCA is difficult to apply in rural areas of developing countries. First, LCA requires a lot of data that is difficult to collect because of the diversity of small farming systems. Second, the results of LCA are difficult for non-specialists to interpret because of the complexity of its multiple indicators. Third, the processes included in LCA often do not correspond to the values and interests of stakeholders. Our study area is located upstream of the Merguellil catchment in central Tunisia, a Mediterranean country, characterized by a semi-arid climate with high variability of precipitation and is considered an important recharge area for aquifers. The upstream Merguellil brings together major environmental challenges such as variable and limited resources, over-exploitation of water resources, poor control of access to groundwater and accelerated soil degradation. These problems are also encountered throughout the Mediterranean region. The rapid expansion of conservation measures and of intensive irrigated cropping systems have raised the question of their environmental impacts and particularly on the soil resource. In the context of managing common "water and soil" resources and taking into account the diversity of agricultural practices within a rural area, it is important to assess the impacts at the scale of a territory. Our main objective is to provide decision-makers with knowledge on the environmental impacts of water and soil conservation works (WSCW) and the most relevant cropping systems by LCA at the territory level. In this thesis, we proposed a progressive and iterative participatory approach to analyze the territory in relation to its history, its components (living territories), its functions, its agricultural productions systems and its social components (families). We provided conceptual models shared by all stakeholders, we also collected and validated all the data necessary for the environmental assessment. An innovative methodological framework was proposed to link LCA with this participatory approach and made it possible to analyse the environmental impacts of all cropping systems. Finally, the consideration of the impacts of water and soil conservation works in LCA has been the subject of a specific development. Two indicators were explored using a distributed erosion model (LandSoil): erosion resistance and mechanical filtration. These developments provide all the methods and data to inform decision-making in the context of participatory land management, and in particular to define a sustainable development strategy for water and soil conservation works
Clairand, Renaud Planchon Bernard. „Evaluation des pratiques professionnelles amélioration du diagnostic étiologique des accidents ischémiques cérébraux dans les services de Médecine Interne du CHU de Nantes /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=48581.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArnaud, Amandine. „Evaluation de l’état de santé et des conditions de vie des personnes sans domicile à partir d’enquêtes épidémiologiques : difficultés méthodologiques et pratiques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS384/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the 80’s, many surveys have been carried to count and describe homeless people, and to understand the exclusion’s phenomenon to advice French public assistance policies. However, only a few surveys have been done ensuring representativeness and even fewer attempted in assessing the health status of homeless people in an objective way, whereas housing deprivation (homelessness) is known to have a durable impact on health. This can be explained by the fact that this population is difficult to define, as it is very heterogeneous and constantly evolving (number and profile wise). The homeless are also scattered and highly mobile within the Ile-de-France territory, and also between streets and different forms of accommodation. These particularities are all constraints to epidemiological surveys among homeless people, and the generalization of their results.This PhD thesis presents the state of knowledge on homelessness and what has been done in order to give support to this population between 2007 and 2016. It compiles knowledge on the health status and living conditions of homeless people in Ile-de-France based on epidemiological surveys carried out by the Observatoire du Samusocial de Paris focusing on mental health, ectoparasites or anemia. It details the main methodological and practical obstacles encountered during these investigations, the solutions chosen to overcome them and concludes by affirming that reasonable and reliable estimates of prevalence can be produced in the field of health
Perraudin, Clémence. „Analyse économique et évaluation des pratiques du pharmacien d'officine : Application au dépistage d'une maladie chronique : Le syndrome d'apnées du sommeil“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01003945.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOkbani, Nadia. „Institutionnaliser l'évaluation au sein d'une organisation : enjeux, pratiques et usages dans une caisse d'allocations familiales“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0460/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew public management policies and its instruments do not necessarily go hand in hand with the development of policy evaluation, and tend in fact to replace it
Malagnoux, Laure. „Evaluation des impacts environnementaux liés aux pratiques phytosanitaires en vergers de pommiers : approches écotoxicologique et écologique utilisant un auxiliaire des cultures, le forficule“. Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0331/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the European context which aims at reducing risk and uses of pesticides, the development of tools to evaluate environmental impacts is a major focus. This thesis uses ecotoxicological and ecological approaches, from tissue level to population level. The model species is a generalist predator, the earwig, and the study site is apple orchards in Southeastern France. Pesticides expositions were tested both in laboratory or real conditions (in orchards). Lab studies allowed us to characterize and investigate the tissular distribution of B-esterases (AChE and CbE) of Forficula auricularia and to study its predatory behavior on the aphid Dysaphis plantaginea after exposure. CbE were more sensitive than AChE and males B-esterases were more sensitive than females ones to organophosphorus pesticides. The overall results allowed us to validate the use of B-esterases as biochemical biomarkers on F. auricularia. The predation behavior of F. auricularia was impacted by some insecticides with males more sensitive than females. The behavior results were supported by inhibition of biochemical biomarkers (B-esterases) validating predation behavior as a new biomarker. Taking into account the individual level, the reproduction and development of first larval stages were carried out thanks to a breeding set up with earwigs trapped in orchards conducted under different pest management (organic, integrated and conventional management). Eggs number by clutch was reduced and clutch date was delayed for earwigs trapped in orchards conducted under conventional agriculture. To assess the impact of pesticides on population level, the abundance and diversity of earwig (F. auricularia and F. pubescens) were carried out in different orchard management considering small-scale landscape parameters. Pesticide use had clearly much higher effects on earwig abundances and diversity than landscape characteristics. F. pubescens was more sensitive than F. auricularia, with the same sensitivity difference between sex on both species (males more sensitive) making earwigs a relevant bioindicator species of pesticides use in apple orchards. This study enhances the need of complementary biomarkers able to highlight physiological and behavioral modifications which influence natural enemy populations and the natural regulation of pests
Benmerah-Mathieu, Mathilde. „Mécanismes genrés dans les pratiques d'évaluation : Une étude de cas en Éducation Physique et Sportive et en mathématiques pas une approche didactique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom a doble review of literature and a problematic of didactic research including the question of gender in evaluation, this doctorate thesis offers an analysis of the evaluative practices of the teachers focusing on the gender's system in mathematics and in Physical and Sportive Education in primary school. The qualitative methodology used is based on pre-interviews, observations of the effective evaluative practices in each discipline and discussed autoscopies (Boutinet, 2001) interviews post-session. This dispositive enabled access to sixteen teaching sessions (eight in mathematics and eight in physical and sportive education) in classes of four teachers. Three analysis ways are used. The first one, focusing on the session, enable to identify, through the observation of the assessment episodes (Savac, 2017, 2019) and specifically their protagonists, the level of the support task's complexity, its gestion, and the teaching words associated with it. It characterises the effective evaluative practice of the teacher. The second way, enable the access to the didactic surrounding in the evaluation used par the teachers mobilizing the concept of assessment logic. The evaluative practice consists of effective practices and evaluative logic in the lesson. Finally, the third way is focused on six students selected by the teacher to represent the heterogeneity of the group. It enables to observe with details the evaluative intentions of the teacher which are given by portraits and prognostics on the results of student before the sessions.The result of this study evidences the impregnation of gender's stereotypes in the evaluative logics of the teachers which are associated with concrete material translations in the practices in situ. Theses stereotyped representations, integrated in professional practices, shapes the teacher's judgements in a differentiated way and contributes, as a result, to the perpetuation of a system which students are judged and treated accordingly to gendered expectations
Soltani, Ines. „Evaluation des propriétés hydriques de sols de Bretagne grâce à un indice spectral proche infrarouge. : Pertinence régionale et objectivation de l’impact des pratiques agricoles“. Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARH108/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe remarkable complexity of soil and its importance for a wide range of ecosystem services present major challenges to the assessment of soil processes. Although major progress in characterizing water retention properties has occurred in the last fifty decades, analytical methods remain costly and time-consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used as a rapid, non-destructive and cost-effective technique to predict different soil properties, including soil water content. However, less attention has been paid to assessing soil water retention properties and its variations depending on soil physical properties. The main objective of this work is to analyze the relevance and accuracy of NIRS for assessing soil water retention properties as they are related to soil characteristics.In this study, we focused on the full width at half maximum of the absorption band near 1920 nm to identify a new NIRS index (Soil water spectral index, SWSI) which can be used to characterize the soil water retention properties. Our results show a linear relation between SWSI and soil water content (R2 >0.9). They also shown that SWSI to be relevant to study the effects of texture, organic carbon content and agricultural practices on soil water retention properties. Furthermore, using the parameters (slope and intercept) of this linear relation, we propose a new approach to characterize water retention properties and physical quality of soils. Therefore, NIRS approach performs better or similar in assessing soil water retention properties and soil quality compared to conventiona
Talut, Guillaume. „La normalisation des formations supérieures de gestion en action : une analyse pragmatique des pratiques rhétoriques de la Commission d’Evaluation des Formations et Diplômes de Gestion (CEFDG)“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research looks into the regulation of the French Higher Education in Managementsystem by focusing on a major body: the “Committee for evaluation of managementprograms” known as the “Commission d'Evaluation des Formations et Diplômes deGestion” (CEFDG). The CEFDG advises the Minister for higher education on theawarding of quality recognition to non-public higher education institutions. Drawingupon the Actor-Network Theory, ethnomethodology and Foucaldism, the researchintends to identify the specificities of the CEFDG by comparing it with other significantbodies: the AACSB (U.S.), the QAA (U.K.), the EQUIS system (transnational) and the“Commission des Titres d’Ingénieur” (French regulator in charge of engineers’programmes). Based on in-situ participant observation, archives and statistical data,an analysis of the rhetorical practices within CEFDG was carried out to identify keyfactors enabling conditions of success. Results show that two "normalization regimes"coexist and contribute to a better understanding of the French higher educationregulation and its operating conditions
Sebaï, Nassira. „Des tâches d’évaluation en mathématiques au livret scolaire : Étude qualitative des pratiques de huit enseignants de CM1 et CM2“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe competency-based instruction is an integral part of the renewal of education systems. The 1990 law introduces, for each pupil, a report book based on reference frameworks for competences. We study the evaluation practices and the daily professional lives of eight 4th-5th grade teachers. Our research adopts a descriptive approach and comes within the reflections on teaching practices. It belongs to the field of didactics and employs subject-specific contents in two knowledge fields of mathematics, i.e. the fractions and problem solving. Our study scheme for teaching practices lies on a corpus of evaluation and daily tasks as well as on a set of comprehensive interviews during which the teachers select and grade the exams of three or four pupils with an average school level. The aim is to understand the evaluation process from the choice of tasks to the filling up of report books which serve as communication supports for the pupils’ achievements.The results show that, for all teachers, the evaluation of competences is achieved through a set of standardized tasks in the field of fractions. Regarding the problem solving field teachers supporting the APC break down the tasks while teachers, that are less concerned about the competences, do not proceed in the same manner. During the pupils’ evaluation, the mistakes do not have any formative function. The report books carry out a summative function. They are assimilated to grades reports
Malvezin, Marquis Sandrine Attali Claude. „Evaluation des lieux de stages en soins primaires de la faculté de médecine de Créteil“. Créteil : Université Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0222010.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElcheroth, Sylvie. „MODALITES DU DEVELOPPEMENT PROFESSIONNEL D'ENSEIGNANTS DU PRESCOLAIRE ET DU PRIMAIRE, DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA PEDAGOGIE DU PLURILINGUISME: CONCEPTION ET EVALUATION D'UNE FORMATION CONTINUE DANS UN PAYS PLURILINGUE (LUXEMBOURG)“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLafenetre, Pascal. „Contribution à l’étude des inégalités scolaires selon le type d’orientation en classe de seconde : pratiques d’enseignement des mathématiques et habitus professionnel“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21954/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNearly 80% of a class age is to be taken as far as the baccalauréat by the French Educational School System. Yet, this democratization of the system should not hide the persistence of certain inequalities. It seems indeed, that some school inequalities crystallize at school. That’s why this work will aim at showing, at first, that these inequalities increase during the 1st year of high school (our seconde). Moreover, inequalities of access come on top of inequalities of success. Then, it will be demonstrated in that work that teaching methods (different from one school to another), could as well explain the increase of inequalities. The first study will mainly deal with the evolution of the success inequalities in mathematics between general, technical and professional French high schools. It will be demonstrated as well that pupils don’t have the same opportunities according to their initial rank and according to the school they’re in. The second study will deal with the teaching methods and interviews of 10 teachers, from different types of high schools (LP, LT, LG). A quantitative and qualitative analysis of their speech and practices through their interviews and during the class will help characterize their practices according to the place they teach. It will thus help highlighting what could be called a professional habitus
Ayad, Sarah. „Business Process Models Quality : evaluation and improvement“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0922/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years the problems related to modeling and improving business processes have been of growing interest. Indeed, companies are realizing the undeniable impact of a better understanding and management of business processes (BP) on the effectiveness, consistency, and transparency of their business operations. BP modeling aims at a better understanding of processes, allowing deciders to achieve strategic goals of the company. However, inexperienced systems analysts often lack domain knowledge leading and this affects the quality of models they produce.Our approach targets the problem related to business process modeling quality by proposing an approach encompassing methods and tools for business process (BP) models quality measurement and improvement. We propose to support this modeling effort with an approach that uses domain knowledge to improve the semantic quality of BP models.The main contribution of this thesis is fourfold:1. Exploiting the IS domain knowledge: A business process metamodel is identified.Semantics are added to the metamodel by the mean of OCL constraints.2. Exploiting the application domain knowledge. It relies on domain ontologies. Alignment between the concepts of both metamodels is defined and illustrated.3. Designing of the guided quality process encompassing methods and techniques to evaluate and improve the business process models. Our process propose many quality constraints and metrics in order to evaluat the quality of the models and finally the process propose relevant recommendations for improvement.4. Development of a software prototype “BPM-Quality”. Our prototype implements all theabove mentioned artifacts and proposes a workflow enabling its users to evaluate andimprove CMs efficiently and effectively.We conducted a survey to validate the selection of the quality constraints through a first experience and also conducted a second experiment to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of our overall approach and proposed improvements
Jiao, Yang. „Analyse et évaluation de la Motivation des étudiants chinois apprenant le français à l’Université Normale de Changchun : étude de pratiques“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG0991/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis analyzes the circumstances of the change in the motivations of Chinese students of french. After the historical description of the development of the teaching of french and teaching french in China, we focus on the analysis the issue that affects the quality of the french language instruction: the motivation of the taught. The special feature of this research is the application of motivational approaches in acquiring the third language (ATL) for the first time in the Chinese context of the teaching of french. As a result of the adaptation of the model AMTB of Gardner, 184 questions were question Bank for the random production of the investigation. We have selected a Chinese public University as place of empirical research and three passages for monitoring the change in motivation: at the beginning of the semester (starting point), before the end of the semester and after the holidays. More than 180 students of the french department participated in this series of surveys. In the form of a quantitative comparison, summarizes the motivational influence of natural, educational and family factors such as the sexe of students, the family situation, the preparation of the french course, the role of class and the reguliar evaluation system to better understand the internal logic of the change in motivation in acquisition of french
Beroud, Jean-Yves. „Rôle des représentations sociales et du lieu dans les pratiques d’accompagnement des professionnels du coaching et relations avec la posture d’évaluation“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3057/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProfessional coaching is a set of practices that in principle do not really reveal the attitude of the practitioner. The intervention he implements is about business evaluation and that is why he is called mentor-assessor. Therefore, such a scheme depends either on the idea of controlling businesses as a counselor or guiding them as a professional guide. The work of problematization here is to question the relationship maintained by the mentor-assessor with his place of practice. It is part of a theoretical framework putting together evaluation concepts, support and place. In this sense, the use of quantitative and qualitative methods of social representations allows to question the representation of the mentor-assessor on his work and his place of practice as well as the relationship he has with the workplace. From a sample of fifty coaches, the results show a majority of practitioners in the position of guidance and personal development. The report also points out that the mentor-assessor has with the workplace, meaningful preferential assessment criteria of the practitioner. The results are modeled from a kaleidoscope attitude situation which are: the solution-oriented guide, the birth coach facilitator, the practitioner in personal development and the clinician coach