Dissertationen zum Thema „Évaluation de vulnérabilité“
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Hida, Hassan. „Évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des ponts et viaducs“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/56/1/HIDA_Hassan.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVillordon, Mae Brigitt Bernadel. „Index de vulnérabilité sanitaire pour les crues urbaines : évaluation de la vulnérabilité sociale et des risques“. Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4145/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to the World Risk Report released by the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, the Philippines is ranked third globally in terms of disaster risk. Public health risks and understanding social vulnerability are usually overlooked and very little attention is given. Thus, this research work focuses on. This research was an exploratory step and a rapid assessment of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of the community people towards flood vulnerability and resilience and their exposure to microorganisms such as E.coli, Leptospirosis and the Dengue Fever mosquito. Appropriate community-based indicators were formulated and developed. Their socio-demographic profile, housing conditions, physical environment and governance were also included. The survey was done from March 2013 to July 2013 to capture the dry and wet season for bacterial sampling. A total of 357 household respondents from the 12 communities and 30 respondents from the LGU and NGO were surveyed. Results of the study revealed an overall Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) of 39.34%. Barangay Tabuc-tubig (53.39%) topping from all the 12 communities surveyed using the newly developed 36 community-based flood vulnerability indicators with its corresponding 5 major components namely; hydro-climatic, social, economic, socio-behavioral and the politico-administrative. It is interesting to note that FVI remains low in spite that the exposure indicators are high. The low FVI can be attributed to the community’s high resilience in its coping and adaptation strategies. In this research work, the FVI is significantly sensitive to susceptibility and flood resilience variables
Youance, Suze. „Une évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des églises du Québec“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/292/1/YOUANCE_Suze.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJerez, Barbosa Sandra, und Barbosa Sandra Jerez. „Vulnérabilité sismique des ouvrages : évaluation des réponses et des dommages structuraux“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJerez, Barbosa Sandra. „Vulnérabilité sismique des ouvrages : évaluation des réponses et des dommages structuraux“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1087/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWithin the overall framework of seismic risk analysis and management two approaches are presented. First, the Pseudo-Adaptive Uncoupled Modal Response Analysis (PSA) aims to provide improved estimates of seismic response for framed buildings, with an acceptable accuracy and a reduced calculation time duration. It relies on an energy-based equivalent displacement to develop the capacity curve and a pseudo-adaptive feature that considers changes in modal shapes after yielding, within the framework of the widely used Modal Pushover Analysis. According to the results, PSA is able to provide good estimates of structural responses such as displacements, storey drifts, shear forces and rotations, in comparison to a complete Nonlinear Time History Analysis. Second, a strategy for post-seismic evaluation of structural global damage is proposed on the basis of observed local damages and the postulation of adequate relationships between damage and residual probability of failure at two levels: a storey level prior to a building level. Three factors are proposed to reflect the influence of components damage at each of those levels. The obtained results appear as good predictions of the global damage. Accordingly, this strategy has the potential for being a first step within the implementation framework of a decision-making tool for rapid and accurate estimates of structural damages
Bremond, Pauline. „Caractérisation et évaluation économique de la vulnérabilité des exploitations agricoles aux inondations“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656442.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCHARDON, ANNE CATHERINE. „Croissance urbaine et risques "naturels", évaluation de la vulnérabilité à Manizales, Andes de Colombie“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10157.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRasse, Gabrièle. „Les plans de prévention des risques technologiques au prisme de la vulnérabilité“. Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363570.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring their creation in 2003 further to the accident of AZF in Toulouse, the plans of technological risks prevention (PPRT) were introduced as juridical tools allowing reducing efficiently the territories vulnerability. Five years later, the question of the contentment of this mission settles. The researches on the notion of vulnerability, illustrated by the results of an inquiry of ground into the concrete application of the first PPRT, is going to show the positive points and the insufficiencies of the juridical answer to the question of the vulnerability of the territories. The first part of this thesis sets out to show beneficial effects procreated by PPRT on the territories. The second part of this thesis compensates this first positive effect showing the insufficiencies of the legal framework given by PPRT
Lefebvre, Karine. „Caractérisation structurale et évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments historiques en maçonnerie du Vieux-Montréal“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2004. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/707/1/LEFEBVRE_Karine.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTavares, Danusa Haick. „Évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des ponts routiers au Québec à l'aide des courbes de fragilité“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGleyze, Jean-François. „La vulnérabilité structurelle des réseaux de transport dans un contexte de risques“. Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increasing importance of natural and technological disasters have lead societies to take an interest in the risks prevention and prediction. A way to reduce risks consists in reducing the vulnerability of the threatened items, that is their propensity to be damaged. Among these items, the transport network are particularly interesting because they are threatened not only in a material way (damaging to the infrastructure), but also in a functional way (damaging the use) through the damaging to their structural properties (then relation opportunities offered by the networks). In order to understand and to forecast the functional disturbances of a transport network threatened by a disaster, it is relevant to define and evaluate the vulnerability of its structure, that is of the networks lattice out of any use consideration, and to understand the underlying relational organization. In that respect, we first have to build a framework adapted to such structural study, that is to define the data structure, the assumptions, the modelisation choices ans the necessary tools. Then we propose a definition of the vulnarability and we develop tools for its evaluation and its caracterization. According to the interests and the limits of such tools, we propose at last to improve the caracterization of the vulnerability by highlighting the structural properties which explain the different vulnerability levels on th network. This research is lead on several real networks which bring up various scales and whose features are interesting within a risk context
Siqueira, Gustavo Henrique. „Évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des ponts routiers au Québec réhabilités avec l'utilisation d'isolateurs en caoutchouc naturel“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePelletier, Pierre-Marc. „Évaluation de la vulnérabilité de la prise d'eau sous-fluviale de la rivière Montmorency - Secteur des îlets“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28950/28950.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVache, Géraldine. „Evaluation quantitative de la sécurité informatique : approche par les vulnérabilités“. Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000356/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a new approach for quantitative security evaluation for computer systems. The main objective of this work is to define and evaluate several quantitative measures. These measures are probabilistic and aim at quantifying the environment influence on the computer system security considering vulnerabilities. Initially, we identified the three factors that have a high influence on system state: 1) the vulnerability life cycle, 2) the attacker behaviour and 3) the administrator behaviour. We studied these three factors and their interdependencies and distinguished two main scenarios based on nature of vulnerability discovery, i. E. Malicious or non malicious. This step allowed us to identify the different states of the system considering the vulnerability exploitation process and to define four measures relating to the states of the system: vulnerable, exposed, compromised, patched and secure. To evaluate these measures, we modelled the process of system compromising by vulnerability exploitation. Afterwards, we characterized the vulnerability life cycle events quantitatively, using real data from a vulnerability database, in order to assign realistic values to the parameters of the models. The simulation of these models enabled to obtain the values of the four measures we had defined. Finally, we studied how to extend the modelling to consider several vulnerabilities. So, this approach allows the evaluation of measures quantifying the influences of several factors on the system security
Seddiki, El Mehdi. „Évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique du bâti existant par une approche mécanique avec une application à l’échelle urbaine“. Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR1802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMasonry buildings are one of the most common typologies in Europe. Being built without seismic considerations, this typology is very vulnerable to the transversal loads. Like the historic urban centers, the city of Nice knows a concentration of the building blocks characterized by a structural continuity. Several post-seismic observations have shown that adjoining buildings within a block do not have an independent dynamic behavior, as it is strongly impacted by the adjacent buildings. This is the block effect. Therefore, considering them individually reflects an imprecise or even unrealistic behavior. This thesis aims to assess the seismic vulnerability of the masonry structures at large-scale (city). The proposed evaluation methodology is based on a mechanical approach and considers more particularly the impact of the block effect on the response of buildings.The proposed multi-scale approach includes three complementary steps and is applied to the city of Nice. First, we develop a new Matrix of Building Typologies representative of the area of interest. The corresponding typological database is then constructed to determine the most common typologies of Nice buildings. A set of representative archetypes of masonry structures is used as a case study. They are modeled by the equivalent frame approach and analyzed by the nonlinear static approach, Pushover. We thus obtain a characteristic capacity curve for each studied typology. Finally, a tool is developed for the determination of damage levels, in accordance with the European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98. It responds to the complexity of the urban environment. Indeed, it estimates the average level of damage expected for each typology, according to the local seismic actions. Especially since the building of Nice is implanted for the most part on alluvial fillings. This increases the lithological site effects. These are taken into account in the definition of the seismic hazard scenario. It is represented by acceleration response spectra and corresponds to the Ligure scenario earthquake of 1887 (Mw = 6.9). The model is based on the N2 approach for determining the performance point.The results confirmed several post-seismic observations and show that the block effect has a considerable impact on the vulnerability of buildings. This influence can take three different forms: evolution of the resistance of the building, modification of its mechanism of global ruin or then variation of the expected level of damage. The proposed methodology is a first contribution in the evaluation of large-scale buildings with the consideration of interactions between adjacent buildings. Its modularity makes it possible to integrate other parameters and to widen the field of application. In addition, it questions the current norms (EC8), which is based on the scale of the building considered isolated to assess its vulnerability.The resulting seismic risk scenario is a guide and a valuable guide for construction policy and actors. It can be used for risk mitigation or optimization of evacuation plans in crisis situations
Pugnet, Lilian. „Vulnérabilité des interfaces habitat-forêt à l'aléa incendie de forêt. : Évaluation couplant dires d’experts et simulation physique d’exposition“. Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVulnerability is not a well-known component of forest fire risk. It is usually assessed through experts’ opinions. It can be assessed more objectively after a disaster par measuring damages, if the attributes of the disaster are known. We propose a model for vulnerability assessment formulated with a multi-criteria analysis of experts’ opinions. This one is validated by using a physical model for exposure assessment. Its inputs are provided by a fire propagation model. The system is calibrated based on the analysis of damages induced by a real wildfire. Results demonstrate the consistency of a vulnerability model based on spatial variables
Liégeois, Marie. „Des aléas et des hommes : élaboration d'une méthode de diagnostic de la vulnérabilité à l'aléa érosion“. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSF0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTanguay, Louis-Pierre. „Analyse géographique de la vulnérabilité de la population associée aux inondations dans trois municipalités québécoises : Châteauguay, Montmagny et Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27913.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRetornaz, Frédérique. „Evaluation gériatrique et dépistage de la vulnérabilité chez les patients âgés atteints de cancer : limites et enjeux“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20667.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoavec, Claire. „Vulnérabilité et résilience des petites économies insulaires en développement“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe non-optimal allocation of Official Development Assistance, the performance of some Small Island Developing Economies and the problem of definition of this group of countries lead us to ask the question : is the special treatment of SIDE from international institutions justified? First, we focused on the intrinsic characteristics of these small economies, which are a priori more exposed to external shocks. The first part of our analysis consists to assess the economic vulnerability of these territories. Some economies, recognized as vulnerable, are economically and socially efficient. To account for this paradox, we devoted to quantify the development performance to address our second topic: the resilience performance of these territories.Our analysis allows some interesting findings. First, the definition of concepts is a real problem. Second, the vulnerability of SIDE is nuanced by the construction change of the Economic Vulnerability Indicator that we propose. Third, the economic and social performance of some island economies is undeniable. Fourth, although the resilient nature of SIDE is confirmed by our analysis, this resilience is especially heterogeneous within this group of countries. Finally, the study of the development strategies of these islands allows the following conclusion: there can be no common strategy in these territories
Boutin, Delphine. „Essai sur la pauvreté, la vulnérabilité et le travail des enfants“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe oftmentioned and thus the most controversial cause of child labour is poverty. However, the relationship between poverty and child labour is blurred as numerous theoretical and empirical studies focused on these issues show contradictories results. Besides, increasing attention is being paid to vulnerability as a key dynamic aspect of poverty, making more complex the impact of poverty on child labour. The aims of my thesis work is to clarify the relationship between poverty and child labour and to update it in the light of recent development in poverty and vulnerability measurement and the current context of multiple crises. I choose to focus on African countries as the majority of child labourers are found in these countries. Two main parts compose my PhD dissertation. First, my dissertation research revisits the links between child labour and household poverty. Second, the children participation to labour is part of a household strategy to reduce the income variability. The vulnerability of children to work is thus analysed in two different ways, according the type of shocks and the type of vulnerability (ex-ante or ex-post). The final chapter of my thesis aims to analyse if an exogenous household income increase, through remittances, have a positive impact on children work
Tixier, Jérôme. „Méthodologie d'évaluation du niveau de risque d'un site industriel de type Seveso, basée sur la gravité des accidents majeurs et la vulnérabilité de l'environnement“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCool, Geneviève. „Évaluation de la vulnérabilité des systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau potable à la contamination microbiologique : une approche de la source au robinet“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24757/24757.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGriot, Chloé. „Vulnérabilité et risques liés au transport de matières dangereuses : évaluation en vue de la préparation aux interventions de la Sécurité Civile“. Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe prevention of diffuse hazards linked with transport of dangerous goods focuses on securing the source of danger and the preparation of crisis management by the Civil Security services, excluding the protection of sensitive areas adjoining axes of transport. Decision making systems generally simulate distances of effects, separating spatial analysis of the exposed area. This observation has led to the idea of implementing a more complete tool which would include vulnerability maps answering to the needs of French Civil Security. A method of estimation of the sensitivity related to TDG risks and a tool destined to prepare interventions based on sensitivity maps are proposed. The modelisation is based on the expertise of Civil Security and the use of multicriteria decision help methods. Connecting a geographical information system and an effects simulation tool, SIGRISC provides specific sensitivity maps according to the considered accidental scenario and to the needs of the user
Boschetti, Laurie. „Le risque de tsunami dans les Alpes-Maritimes, quelles réalités ? Quelles méthodes d’analyses de l’aléa et de la vulnérabilité ?“ Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTsunamis are complex phenomena that can result from various natural events, such as earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Their amplitude is driven by source characteristics and intensity of the precursor event, continental shelf morphology, and distance to the coast. Although most of tsunamis are located in the Pacific ocean, 15 % of mondial events happened in the Mediterranean Sea (NOAA, 2017). The coastlines of the Alpes-Maritimes are not spared, and have been impacted by two main events : the February 23, 1887 tsunami, which followed the Ligurian earthquake, and the October 19, 1979 tsunami, caused by the collapse of a part of the new harbour construction at the Nice airport. The shoreline of the Alpes-Maritimes concentrates many human, economical, and material assets. Besides, because of the low tsunami frequency, its population is only poorly aware of the associated risk. The presence and the increased development of coastal assets, along with the potential occurence an event, have led the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations to call for preparedness for tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea.Here, risk is defined as the association of a phenomenon occurence, i.e. a tsunami, with the vulnerability of a territory’s assets, the Côte d’Azur coastline. We aim at identifying and characterizing tsunami risk along the French Ligurian Riviera. To do so, we analyze and produce hazard and vulnerability maps using specific methodologies. We first focus on tsunami hazard analysis in the Alpes-Maritimes, identifying and characterizing its magnitude and intensity. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain raw data (runup, current, spatial extent of the flood, etc.). We propose a new tsunami intensity scale combining flood heights, currents and damage to the coast and at sea (biophysical vulnerability). Second, we investigate the territorial vulnerability of the region, concentrating on its main strategic assets and highlighting sensitive areas. We then built on the separate analysis of these two components to assess the coastal tsunami risk. We use two different approaches: the first one is index-based (with three index levels), while the second is normalization-based. This multidisciplinary work, at the confluence between Earth and Human sciences, demonstrates that tsunami risk exists in the Alpes-Maritimes and that it should be integrated in risk prevention and in the gestion of the territory
Dubruille, Stéphanie. „Contribution à une meilleure évaluation et prise en charge clinique de la vulnérabilité cognitive chez le patient âgé présentant une affection cancéreuse“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219248.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Simard, Guillaume. „Évaluation de la vulnérabilité des populations riveraines au transport routier des matières dangeureuses à l'aide d'un système d'information géographique application à la Montérégie“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeone, Frédéric. „Caractérisation des vulnérabilités aux catastrophes " naturelles " : contribution à une évaluation géographique multirisque (mouvements de terrain, séismes, tsunamis, éruptions volcaniques, cyclones)“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTedesco, Adrien. „Études des effets de l’anxiété non pathologique sur l’attention sélective et la mémoire de travail : relation avec la vulnérabilité émotionnelle au stress“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present research is part of the general domain of stress at work, and more precisely, deals with the question of preventing stressful situations in this context. First, the focus was made on the prediction, by implicit methods, of emotional vulnerability to stress. This concept has been defined as the individuals’ tendency to experience negative emotions in stressful situations. To this end, we examined the relationships between non-clinical anxiety and working memory capacities, as well as the relationships between anxiety and selective attention. These first analyses highlighted the potential of two cognitive tasks (the letter transformation task and the dot-probe task) to predict emotional vulnerability to stress. In addition, we replicated the results of previous research showing 1 / the negative impact of a high-trait anxiety on performance in a complex working memory task performed under stressful condition, and 2 / that individuals with high anxiety experience difficulties in disengaging their attention from threatening information. Second, the present work also consisted in the development and the validation of an explicit computerized measure of stress and emotions. With this program, we aimed at completing the range of tools currently available and used in the working context to assess stress. Our tool (the QISE) offers a solution to evaluate stress and anxiety in relation to a situation or an activity identified by the evaluator. This program presents several advantages such as its flexibility, its rapidity and its multidimensionality. The development of this program was also part of a larger project called MASSAI funded by the 11th FUI campaign. The set of solutions presented in this project aims at developing computerized tools for the prevention of stress in the working context
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte. „Trois essais sur la vulnérabilité des ménages ruraux dans les pays en développement : risques, stratégies et impacts“. Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686812.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonfanti, Godlive. „L'habitat et les cyclones tropicaux : analyses comparées en région carai͏̈be d'un indicateur de la vulnérabilité urbaine“. Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe @vulnerability analysis is the way hurricane risk quantitative assessment in urban area is approached in this research. Back analyses of hurricane Hugo in Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe, french indies), hurricane Georges in Santo-Domingo (Dominican Republic) and hurricane Irene in La Havana (Republic of Cuba) are carried out in order to get datas on the (damages) impacts of the wind on housing. The assessment of vulnerability of housing exposed to hurricane methodology is build, tested and validate in several representative neibourghoods of these caribbean in growing cities. Moreover, the quantitative approach is added with a sociologic analysis of the way inhabitants are invested in the mitigation process through retrofitting mesures based on construction code application - and to include it in the vulnerability assessment of housing face to hurricane. The application can provide risk managers proposition of mesures to increase the building code putting into practice
Coquio, Julien. „La performance adaptative des systèmes de transports collectifs.Modélisation, mesures de vulnérabilité et évaluation quantitative du rôle de l'information des voyageurs dans la régulation des situations perturbées“. Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoquio, Julien. „La performance adaptative des systèmes de transports collectifs : modélisation, mesures de vulnérabilité et évaluation quantitative du rôle de l'information des voyageurs dans la régulation des situations perturbées“. Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIIn a perspective of modal transfer, adaptative performance is an important factor in the development of public transport systems. Tools are therefore necessary to allow estimation of their vulnerability to perturbations, as well as that of the role played by specific actions like passengers’ information. The PERTURB model and the simulation platform developed in this research aim to measure the structural and functional vulnerability of public transport, as well as the role played by passengers’ information in the regulation of disrupted situations. This study explores three theoretical fields : systems’ theory, graphs theory and multi-agents systems. Simulations are used in a field study (the region of Ile-de-France) and in theoretical transportation systems. These simulations allow us not only to formulate recommendations, regarding transport planning and passengers’ information, but they also rise new issues. How can passengers’ information be integrated in order to get the optimal management of disrupted situations ? Is it possible to deliver clear information while avoiding excessive transfer of passengers’ flow at the same time ?
Dedewanou, Myriam. „Vulnérabilité spécifique des forages vis-à-vis des phytosanitaires : moélisation et application au Val d'Orléans“. Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe specific vulnerability estimations for the groundwater resources are GIS methods that establish spatial qualitative indices which determine the sensitivity of infiltration from surface contaminants. On the other hand, the transfer functions, using the Residence Time Distribution (RTD), are used to predict temporal water quality change in a borehole, but they do not integrate the spatial variability of the land use. Based on an analytic (advection / dispersion equation) approach, a simple GIS-linked RTD model for groundwater transport has been developed. The tool estimates the water quality from the vulnerability map dataset. This method enables to validate the specific vulnerability maps with the water quality monitoring at the borehole. It links the impacts of land use with the temporal evolution of the water quality. A equivalent formulation parameters is proposed to take into account the hydrodynamic characteristics of the soil compartments (unsaturated zone and Saturated Zone). A theoretical validation of the approach is made from finite-difference groundwater models: HYDRUS and MODFLOW. Also, an application of the RTD compilation was realized on the Val d’Orléans karstic aquifer. This last methodology allowed to determine the RTD of pesticides into the groundwater and highlighted the not insignificant presence of the metabolite of the metazachlor in the groundwater drilling. At the same time, the GIS-linked RTD model makes possible the localization of the contributing zones in the watershed
Texier, Pauline. „Vulnérabilité et réduction des risques liés à l'eau dans les quartiers informels de Jakarta : réponses sociales, institutionnels et non institutionnels“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe jakarta metropolitan area is highly prone to hazards related to water, between the excess of water during floods, the lack of drinking water and pollution. All these factors induce serious health problems. If all social croups are victims of disasters related to water, poor communities from slum areas are particularly vulnerable, especially because of limited means of protection. They tend to adopt hazardous behaviors when they are faced to these threats; they put themselves at risk and often make things worse because of inappropriate practices. Through a geo-ethnographical and social approach, this study first aims at tracking the root causes and underpinning factors of vulnerability, by testing assumptions from two conceptual frameworks of research about risk. The results emphasize the everyday dimension of these disasters which are embedded within a long marginalization process toward resources. Secondly, field investigation and interviews with institutional stakeholders of risk management and urban development allow us to highlight structural management problems replaced within an international framework, inadequate risk reduction strategies, then to understand underlying political issues. Finally, based on a participatory analysis of community-based projects from non institutional stakeholders, we will discuss about the role played by the different stakeholders from the local to the international scale, in order to establish efficient strategies of disaster risk reduction for vulnerable communities
Geronimi, Vincent. „Développement et croissance à long terme. Instabilités, soutenabilité et vulnérabilités macroéconomiques“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735411.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMavoungo, Joseph. „La Vulnérabilité des populations des Petites Antilles face au risque sismique, l'exemple de la Martinique : Aspects comportementaux, cognitifs, perceptifs; gestion préventive de proximité et aménagement des espaces de vie“. Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes a study of the vulnerability of the insulars populations face to the seismic risks from the first example of Martinique (Lesser Antilles). This choice was made especially because of the fact that this French isle, located at the heart of the seismogen zone of the highest magnitude observed, has not yet known an important earthquake since the destructive one of 1839. This isle is also open to others Caribbean spaces as the isle of Dominica. Our approach of this vulnerability will be systemic. It takes its foundation on a long campaign of investigation which privileged the human component rather than the physic component, the first one not being enough taken into consideration in the works of preventive plannification. This work shows the importance of the consideration of perceptive and cognitive factors and of the others social, cultural, psycholosociologic and economic factors associated as fundamental elements of incline and even of determination of the components of the populations before, while and after a potential seismic crisis. In all, the thesis shows that seismic risk is not a natural thing. Depending on the connection of human behaving to their natural environment, it can be controled when the population exposed, passes from fatalism to a dynamic preventive, supported by the local and national politics. We have developed a particular methodology of evolution of the vulnerability, standing at the same time on geographic criterions and intrinsic to human, which emerge on the production of a cartography of the types and level of vulnerability, of perception and of knowledge of risk. This methodology is reproducible on others insulars territories
Ebner, Frédéric. „Évaluation et cartographie de la vulnérabilité des côtes face aux pollutions par les hydrocarbures : le cas du littoral des Pays de la Loire et de la côte Est de la mer d'Azov“. Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePollutions of coastal areas by oil spills, where they occur, can have consequences on the environment and the coastal societies. This thesis proposes to assess the coastal vulnerability to pollution according to the seasons and in two very different sites: the coast of Pays de la Loire in France and the East coast of the Azov Sea in Russia. The objective is to identify issues that could be damaged and choose transposable variables, easy to obtain, in order to prioritize them. Many studies in the world have focused on coastal vulnerability at oil pollution since the end of the 1970s. First morphological, biological and economic indexes have been gradually integrated, before the development of a global vulnerability index. It appears that these indexes are often difficult to calculate because of the diversity, the absence or reliability of some data. Our assessment of the environmental sensitivity is based on three variables: the type and nature of substrate, the calculation the remanence in situ which is an innovation and the biological sensibility. Economic vulnerability is evaluated on two levels: first according to the duration of interruption to differentiate activities among themselves, then according to the number of workers to differentiate companies from each other. The mapping results suggest a new transposable approach to coastal vulnerability and represents a potential decision support tool
Le, Hénaff Laurence. „Le programme des services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance à l'intention des familles vivant en contexte de vulnérabilité : évaluation de l'implantation de l'action intersectorielle à travers la composante soutien à la création d'environnements favorables“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWanègue, Mickaël. „Du risque au péril, dialectiques de la protection du vulnérable : la pratique du mandat judiciaire en direction des majeurs protégés“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSubsequent to court decision, authorized representatives (MJPMs) intervene in the lives of vulnerable adults ostensibly to ensure their protection. When contemplating statutory legislation and one-to-one interaction with vulnerable person/s, the central question is: How do MJPMs enact their perceived protection missions? Questions surround both debate and the choices proposed, and the strategies employed by authorized representatives when implementing the requisite protection policies. Professional practice investigates the notion of activity via a combination of ergology and language interaction. Interviews with MJPMs and their managers, and field observation of the interaction between MJPMs and protected adults elucidated the reality of the mission of protection. Priority is given to the human relationship institutionalized through a legal framework and confrontation with vulnerability. MJPM practices are crossed by three axes that have been identified and which intersect each other, i.e., the authority of the judiciary, vulnerability, and the self-autonomy of the protected person according to the legal reform of 5 March 2007. For the MJPM, debate surrounding the perceived norms, together with some main values, starts from this nodal point. The purpose of this study is not only to explicate and emphasize these values, but to underscore their value as training needs for the better fulfillment of the MJPMs’ mission
Carvajal-Quintero, Juan. „Évaluation des déterminants de l'aire de répartition des poissons d'eau douce pour éclairer leur écologie et conservation“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the geographic distribution of species across space and time is one of the long-standing challenges in ecology and evolution. Among the major components of species distribution, the species' geographic range size has been studied across several taxonomic groups and has been related to multiple ecological and evolutionary factors. The geographic range size of species is also of paramount importance in conservation strategies because it consistently emerges as a key correlate of extinction risk, where species occupying smaller geographic ranges are assumed to have a higher risk of extinction. Results concerning these fundamental and applied aspects of geographic range size have largely neglected freshwater fish, commonly focusing on the usual vertebrate groups (e.g. mammals, birds). However, freshwater fish, the most diverse vertebrate group, can provide novel insights about the geographic range size determinants and threats because of the unique dendritic shape and reduced amount of their habitat (i.e. river networks) compared to other terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this PhD work, we analyzed for the first time the global patterns of geographic range size in freshwater fish species and tested previous hypotheses proposed to explain the variation of geographic range size in other taxonomic groups. Our findings showed that current and historical connectivity are the most important factors driving the geographic range size of freshwater fishes, contrasting with the main determinants reported for terrestrial and marine taxa. From an applied point of view, we focused on the usually observed macroecological relationship between the species' geographic range size and body size. This relationship would allow estimating the minimum geographic range size needed by species for long-term persistence. Based on ecological theory of species temporal fluctuations of abundances, we provide a mechanistic validation of this relationship, supporting its use to identify vulnerable species and their changes in extinction risk through reduced geographic ranges induced by anthropogenic factors. Using a tropical river basin as a case study, we used this macroecological relationship to quantify changes in species extinction risk due to the fragmentation of their ranges caused by hydropower development. The results and the data compiled in this thesis represent useful information to guide and inform conservation in freshwater fish and give the opportunity to continue filling theoretical gaps
Yousaf, Zahida. „Analyse des aléas gravitaires et des vulnérabilités et résiliences territoriales dans le département des Alpes-Maritimes“. Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study was conducted within Alps-Maritimes located SE of France, where Le Bar-Sur-Loup was pilot study area to test multidisciplinary approach to analyze hazard, vulnerability and resilience under risk domains. The principal aim of this study was to use an integrated approach and methodology to identify and analyze shallow landslides evolution in response to different ground water rise scenarios due to regional climate variability, and predicts territorial vulnerabilities of different territorial elements exposed to shallow landslides hazard with combine approach of territorial resilience. Conceptual model of territorial vulnerability and territorial resilience were developed based on identified territorial elements. Results were presented as maps of hazard, territorial vulnerability, and territorial resilience and risk
Le, Henaff Laurence. „Le Programme des services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance à l'intention des familles vivant en contexte de vulnérabilité : évaluation de l'implantation de l'action intersectorielle à travers la composante soutien à la création d'environnements favorables“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23744/23744.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlaeddine, Houssein. „Un modèle d'optimisation spatio-temporel pour l'évacuation de la population exposée aux catastrophes naturelles : projet ACCELL : évaluation spatio-temporelle de l'ACCessibilité d'Enjeux localisés en situation d'inondation sur le bassin de la Loire“. Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1802/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe importance of managing an urban site threatened or affected by flooding requires the development of effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system has to take into account some constraints such as the transportation traffic which plays an important role as well as others such as the accessibility, necessary human resources and material equipment (vehicles, assembly points, etc...). The main objective of this work is to bring assistance to the technical services and brigade forces in terms of accessibility by providing itineraries with respect to rescue operations and the evacuation of people and goods.We consider the evacuation of a middle size area, exposed to a risk, and more precisely to a risk of flooding. In case of flooding event, the most of inhabitants will be evacuated by themselves, ie., using their personal vehicles. Considered case here, the flooding can be forecast in advance, and then the population has few days (2-4) to evacuate. Our aimis to build an evacuation plan, ie., fixing for each individual the date of departure and the path to reach the assembly point (also called shelter) associated. Evacuation plan must avoid congestion on the roads of evacuation network.Here, we present a spatio-temporal optimization model for the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters, and more particularly to a flood risk
Popa, Veronica. „Méthode prédictive d'évaluation de la gêne olfactive sur un territoire soumis à une activité industrielle. Approche du potentiel de nuisance et analyse de la vulnérabilité du territoire“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increasing environmental stress felt in residential areas leads to an unsafety sensation and to a negative life-quality perception, setting odor annoyance at the heart of environmental issues. Within this context, the research work presented in this doctoral thesis was initiated in order to result in a method allowing to assess and to represent the odor annoyance levels on a given territory. As a consequence, the interest has focused not only on the characteristics of the source and of the exposed targets, but also on their environment during the perception of the olfactory nuisance. To be more precise, the aim of this new approach is to make us able to measure and to forecast the olfactory impact of an existing or a future industry plant on a given territory. The main idea is to represent the level of odor annoyance and its consequences on the territory, in order to reach a best level of industrial plant management in terms of wastes as well as to provide a clear and objective decision support tool for the involved actors. The developed method revolves around two main concepts: the odor annoyance and the economical prejudice of this annoyance on the targeted territory. These two concepts are defined by a group of heterogeneous criteria, organized and aggregated in order to obtain a geographical and environmental operational tool. This tool has been validated for an industrial plant, thus comparing the developed approach to on the spot measurements results. The results of the application of this method came out satisfying and open numerous paths of inquiry
Carlier, Benoît. „Les risques d'origine torrentielle et gravitaire dans la haute vallée du Guil (Queyras, Alpes du Sud, France)“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Queyras is particularly exposed to the vagaries of torrential and gravitational origin. As part of the SAMCO project, a systemic study was conducted on this space. Combining the study of hazards and the assessment of vulnerability, this analysis was conducted at different spatial scales in order to conform to the expectations of risk managers. This research work is divided into five parts. The first part is devoted to the analysis of the factors that may predispose the Haut-Guil basin to the triggering of hazards of torrential and gravitational origin. The geological, geomorphological, anthropogenic and hydroclimatic features of the Haut-Guil basin are exposed. This work has identified the main risks and highlighted the role of sedimentary transfers and east-return phenomena in the genesis of risks. The second part focuses on one of the basin's most active sub-basins for sedimentary transfers: the Peynin. The objective was to assess the role of sediments in the genesis of hazards. The study focused on the characterization and quantification of Peynin sedimentary stocks, the quantification of sedimentary transfers, the establishment of a 20-year sedimentary budget, and the analysis of functional connectivity of the basin. Peynin. This work has made it possible to formalize the Peynin sedimentary waterfall and to highlight the role of torrential lavas in recharging intermediate stocks. This work also highlighted the need for stock recharging as a condition for the outbreak of catastrophic floods. In the third part are exposed the maps produced for each of the hazards taken into account: torrential floods, landslides and avalanches. The torrential raw hazard was mapped by diachrony and hydraulic modelling. Landslide hazard was mapped following a modelling of landslide susceptibility. The avalanche hazard was mapped from the completed CLPA maps. This work highlighted the strong exposure of the municipalities of the Upper Valley of the Guil to the vagaries of torrential and gravitational hazards. The exposure of the communes of Lower Queyras and the Aigues valleys is less. In the fourth part we looked at the vulnerability component of the risk. The latter was evaluated in its biophysical and social dimensions, first separately and then jointly to give an overview of the overall vulnerability of the territory. The potential consequences of the various hazards on the bio-physical issues of Queyras were assessed, and individual and collective perceptions of risks were analysed. This work carried out, we proposed an innovative method to jointly evaluate the biophysical and socio-economic aspects of vulnerability. On the biophysical aspect, it is the municipalities of the upper Valley of the Guil that appear the most vulnerable. On the social side, the trend is reversed. In the fifth part, we analyzed the risks and their possible evolutions in a context of global change. It outlines the work on our risk analysis in Queyras. They are accompanied by a reflection on the resilience of Queyrassin communities and on the modalities of risk management at the watershed and community level. Four scenarios for the evolution of land use in the 2050 and 2100 horizons are presented. These scenarios simulate possible changes in the territory in the face of different socio-economic contexts. In general, the risks are very high in Queyras however, the queyrassine switches show obvious signs of resilience
Sakli, Leila. „Modélisation et évaluation des vulnérabilités et des risques dans les chaînes logistiques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4374.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite their distributed nature, these supply chains can be very efficient in the ideal conditions of production and exchange. However, their complexity makes them more fragile. This dissertation proposes models and methods for risk analysis to enhance the robustness and resilience of SCs. We analyzed this area following an ontological approach using the KOD method. Based on state of the art in the field of risk in SCs, and on real cases, we identified the indicators of the most significant vulnerabilities. From the extracted knowledge and mathematical models proposed in the literature, we built the model of a multi-stage SC using ARIMA models incorporating the randomness of the demand. In order to adapt this model to situations of vulnerability and risk, we have added capacity and positivity constraints on orders and inventories. Under the impact of hazardous events or strong disturbances, some constraints of the system can be reached and therefore, its evolution may deviate considerably from the nominal dynamics or even become unstable. We proposed vulnerability indicators such as indicators of the frequency of delivery delays or costs due to the immobilization of products. Finally, scenarios were used to represent the occurrence of dangerous events. We then got simulation results in MATLAB, which allowed us to assess their consequences for different configurations of the system, especially for strong disturbances of information flows and physical flows
Bonnet, Emmanuel. „Risques industriels : évaluation des vulnérabilités territoriales : le cas de l'estuaire de Seine“. Le Havre, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LEHA0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUsually put as the meeting of chance with vulnerability, the construction of industrial hazards is proved to be far more complex insofar as a body of factors interacts within the society. That construction is however becoming essential in understanding the territorial vulnearbilities. This research paies particular attention to identify the construction process of these vulnerabilities by confronting the perceptions of the individuals, their spatial practices and their relative vicinity with the sources of hazards. That first theorical part is the confronted to the port-industrial estate of Le Havre agglomeration, surrounded with many SEVESO-classeified facilities. This application materializes in a geo-referenced observation tool (GIS), wich enables crossing, querying and simulating hazardous happenings. The last step consists in analysing the perceptions of the people living in the study area through an individual survey conducted in 2001. This research finally tries to consider a set of processes integrated in an observation tool which enables a territorial assesment of the industrial hazards in the Seine estuary, and in the same time wich helps to understand the territorial vulnerabilities from a social point of view
Akrout, Rim. „Analyse de vulnérabilités et évaluation de systèmes de détection d'intrusions pour les applications Web“. Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782565.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbune'meh, Mohammed. „Optimisation de l’aménagement d’un Chantier de Construction en Fonction des Risques Naturels et Technologiques, Utilisation du SIG“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConstruction sites contain several supporting facilities that are required to complete construction activities. These facilities are susceptible to damage due to the occurrence of natural or technological hazards such as fire, explosion, blast wave, and so on. These may cause adverse consequences for the whole construction process, which in turn lead to fatal accidents that have a major impact on worker and employee productivity, project completion time, project quality and project budget. Therefore, project planners must adopt and develop innovative approaches able to face the occurrence of potential hazards, minimize their consequences, and facilitate the evacuation of the site in case of their occurrence. One of these approaches is optimizing construction site layout. In general, generating construction site layout able minimizing risk resulting from natural or technological hazards is still a scientific challenge.In the present research, two proposed model (deterministic and probabilistic) are developed to minimize the risks within a construction site. The common methodology adopted to develop these two models consists of:• Modeling construction site components, for instance; electric generator, offices and material storages, in a 2D layout, to act as either hazardous source or potential target or both at the same time.• Modeling hazard: it shows the hazard interaction among site components and the attenuation of hazard.• Modeling vulnerability: it represents the potential weakness of whole targets to the hazard generated from each source.• Defining the utility function: it aims to afford an optimized site layout with minimum total risk in the construction site. The differential evolution algorithm is adopted to run optimization process.Particularly, in the deterministic model, we use space syntax principle in order to realize the impact of space configurations in evaluating the risk in the construction site. Therefore, as the evacuation process is considered in estimating the risk, the actual risk is amplified by utilizing penalty factor called mean depth. Furthermore, Dijkstra’s algorithm is run on deterministic model to find the safest paths (least risk paths) for evacuating sites from any position on the construction site towards the safe places in order to diminish losses and fatalities. On the other hand, the framework utilized to develop a probabilistic model assumed that the risk is combined of the individual failure of each facility within a construction site. Moreover, the numerical simulation is performed to find the probabilistic distribution of failure for the whole site.Geographic information system (GIS) capabilities were exploited, in this research, to present data in maps format, generate the spatial risk map in the construction site, and implement the Dijkstra’s algorithm and least-cost path analysis.For illustration purposes, the proposed models are employed in a case study consisting of several facilities. In the deterministic model, all of these facilities act as hazardous sources and potential targets, at the same time, while, in a probabilistic model, only three of these facilities act as fire hazardous sources, whereas, all of them are potential targets. The results revealed that the proposed models are efficient due to their capability of generating site layout with the safer work environment. In addition, the model is capable of highlighting the riskiest areas within a construction site. Moreover, the proposed models are able to generate paths through least-risk zones, which will minimize the serious injuries and victims in cases of emergencies