Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Eutrophisation – Environnement“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Eutrophisation – Environnement"
Renaud-Gentié, C., V. Dieu, M. Thiollet-Scholtus, H. M. G. van der Werf, A. Perrin und A. Mérot. „L'Analyse du Cycle de Vie pour réduire l'impact environnemental de la viticulture biologique“. BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKAUSHIK, S. J. „Besoins et apport en phosphore chez les poissons“. INRAE Productions Animales 18, Nr. 3 (15.01.2005): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2005.18.3.3525.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDOURMAD, J. Y., L. DELABY, J. L. BOIXADERA, C. ORTIS, B. MÉDA, C. GAIGNÉ und B. DUMONT. „Diversité des services rendus par les territoires à forte densité d'élevages, trois cas d'étude en Europe“. INRA Productions Animales 30, Nr. 4 (25.06.2018): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2017.30.4.2261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBodo, Ruben, Robert Hausler und Abdelkrim Azzouz. „Approche multicritère pour la sélection de plantes aquatiques en vue d’une exploitation rationnelle“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 19, Nr. 3 (18.09.2006): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013537ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Eutrophisation – Environnement"
Caville, Sylvain. „Spectroscopie embarquée pour la distribution verticale d'ammoniac (NH3) et de dioxyde de carbone (CO2)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmmonia (NH3) is an atmospheric pollutant, emitted at 80 % by agriculture, which contributes to the eutrophication and acidification of natural environments. It is also a precursor of fine particles (PM2.5) that are harmful to human health. Despite this major scientific and societal role, our knowledge about atmospheric ammonia is still very limited. Measuring the vertical profile of NH3 is one of the keys to improving this knowledge. For this reason, the main objective of this thesis is to develop an ammonia measurement instrument that can be embedded in a tethered balloon to measure these vertical profiles. To begin, a state of the art of NH3 measurement was carried out through the data analysis of the AMICA campaign (Multi-Instrumental Analysis of Ammonia Concentrations) in autumn 2021. It highlighted the need to design an instrument without a sampling system to avoid bias due to NH3 adsorption. To assess the infrared spectroscopy techniques (DAS and WMS) intended for NH3 detection, a first instrument aimed at atmospheric CO2 measurements (main anthropogenic greenhouse gas) was developed and used to carry out vertical profiles. As NH3 is much more difficult to detect than CO2 , a long-path optical cell was designed to improve the instrument’s sensitivity. On a more general level, the tools developed and implemented during this thesis can be applied to the measurement of all the atmospheric species of interest, and in particular those that exist in trace quantities
Carlier, Antoine. „Apports des isotopes stables à la description de l'architecture et du fonctionnement des réseaux trophiques benthiques de plusieurs environnements côtiers du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée Nord Occidentale)“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066580.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiquier, Laurent. „Perturbation des environnements marins à la limite Frasnien-Famennien (Dévonien terminal) : apport de la géochimie inorganique et du magnétisme des roches“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00206195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'analyse du signal magnétique montre que les apports détritiques ont progressivement dimi-nué au cours du Frasnien. Ces apports sont minimaux lors du dépôt des deux horizons Kellwasser au Frasnien terminal. A l'inverse, le Famennien inférieur enregistre une hausse de ces apports. Ces varia-tions sont associées aux fluctuations globales du niveau marin reconnues au Dévonien supérieur, ainsi qu'à des changements profonds du régime d'érosion sur les continents. Notre étude suggère que l'évolution du détritisme et de la production carbonatée sur les marges continentales ait été contrôlée par des variations climatiques majeures. Selon nous, la limite entre ces deux étages représente une période de transition entre des conditions chaudes et humides de type "greenhouse", typiques du Dé-vonien, et des conditions plus froides et plus sèches, annonçant les climats de type "icehouse" du Car-bonifère.
L'analyse géochimique des horizons Kellwasser a mis en évidence la hausse de la productivité primaire et a confirmé l'appauvrissement en oxygène des eaux de fonds dans la plupart des environ-nements marins. Nos travaux montrent que le degré et la durée de l'appauvrissement en oxygène ne semblent pas être identiques pour chacun de ces deux horizons. L'horizon Kellwasser inférieur est caractérisé par la mise en place de conditions dysoxiques dans les environnements peu profonds (pla-tes-formes ou hauts-fonds marins), alors que l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur enregistre la mise en place de conditions anoxiques à euxiniques dans les environnements profonds (bassins) et oxiques à dysoxiques dans les environnements moins profonds.
Durant l'épisode de dépôt de l'horizon Kellwasser inférieur, l'appauvrissement en oxygène se-rait le résultat d'une hausse importante de la productivité primaire. Cette hausse de productivité et la consommation d'oxygène auraient été induites par l'eutrophisation des milieux marins peu profonds. La libération accrue de nutriment proviendrait d'une intensification de l'altération chimique, faisant suite au développement des plantes vasculaires et à la mise en place de la chaîne éovarisque à partir du Dévonien supérieur. Ce phénomène d'altération a vraisemblablement été favorisé par un climat parti-culièrement chaud et humide. Durant l'épisode de dépôt de l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur, l'appauvrissement en oxygène résulterait de la stratification des eaux dans les environnements pro-fonds, due à une diminution de la circulation océanique, causée par un confinement plus important des bassins. Cette stratification a été accrue durant la période de haut niveau marin associée à l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur. Les eaux anoxiques ont pu se répandre dans les environnements de plates-formes à la faveur de la montée eustatique. La mise en place de conditions anoxiques, voire locale-ment euxiniques, a favorisé la diffusion des nutriments libérés par la reminéralisation de la matière organique. Ces nutriments ont pu rejoindre épisodiquement les eaux de surface, à la faveur d'interruptions temporaires de la stratification des eaux, et ainsi intensifier la productivité primaire.
Il est proposé que cette période de stockage accrue de carbone organique dans les sédiments ait fortement perturbé le cycle du carbone à long terme, conduisant, au final, à une chute notable de la pression de CO2 atmosphérique et au refroidissement du climat à la base du Famennien. Ainsi, ces travaux suggèrent que la formation des horizons Kellwasser résulte de la conjonction de divers phé-nomènes, comprenant la tectonique s.l., l'évolution des végétaux, la physiographie des océans, la pro-ductivité marine, le tout en interactions directes et indirectes avec le climat.
Quillien, Nolwenn. „Des écosystèmes naturellement stressés sous menace anthropique : réponses de la faune des plages de sable macrotidales aux marées vertes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHighly dynamic systems, often considered as resilient systems, are characterised by abiotic and biotic processes under continuous and strong changes in space and time. Because of this variability, the detection of overlapping anthropogenic stress is challenging. Coastal areas harbour dynamic ecosystems in the for of open sandy beaches, which cover the vast majority of the world’s ice-free coastline. These ecosystems are currently threatened by increasing human-induced pressure, among which mass-development of opportunistic macroalgae (mainly composed of Chlorophyta, so called green tides), resulting from the eutrophication of coastal waters. The ecological impact of opportunistic macroalgal blooms (green tides, and blooms formed by other opportunistic taxa), has long been evaluated within sheltered and non-tidal ecosystems. Little is known, however, on how more dynamic ecosystems, such as open macrotidal sandy beaches, respond to such stress. This thesis assesses the effects of anthropogenic stress on the structure and the functioning of highly dynamic ecosystems using sandy beaches impacted by green tides as a study case. The thesis is based on four field studies, which analyse natural sandy sediment benthic community dynamics over several temporal (from month to multi-year) and spatial (from local to regional) scales. In this thesis, I report long-lasting responses of sandy beach benthic invertebrate communities to green tides, across thousands of kilometres and over seven years; and highlight more pronounced responses of zoobenthos living in exposed sandy beaches compared to semi-exposed sands. Within exposed sandy sediments, and across a vertical scale (from inshore to nearshore sandy habitats), I also demonstrate that the effects of the presence of algal mats on intertidal benthic invertebrate communities is more pronounced than that on subtidal benthic invertebrate assemblages, but also than on flatfish communities. Focussing on small-scale variations in the most affected faunal group (i.e. benthic invertebrates living at low shore), this thesis reveals a decrease in overall beta-diversity along a eutrophication-gradient manifested in the form of green tides, as well as the increasing importance of biological variables in explaining ecological variability of sandy beach macrobenthic assemblages along the same gradient. To illustrate the processes associated with the structural shifts observed where green tides occurred, I investigated the effects of high biomasses of opportunistic macroalgae (Ulva spp.) on the trophic structure and functioning of sandy beaches. This work reveals a progressive simplification of sandy beach food web structure and a modification of energy pathways over time, through direct and indirect effects of Ulva mats on several trophic levels. Through this thesis I demonstrate that highly dynamic systems respond differently (e.g. shift in δ13C, not in δ15N) and more subtly (e.g. no mass-mortality in benthos was found) to anthropogenic stress compared to what has been previously shown within more sheltered and non-tidal systems. Obtaining these results would not have been possible without the approach used through this work; I thus present a framework coupling field investigations with analytical approaches to describe shifts in highly variable ecosystems under human-induced stress
Riquier, Laurent. „Perturbations des environnements marins, à la limite Frasnien-Famennien (Devonien Terminal) : apport de la géochimie inorganique et du magnétisme des roches“. Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f1c218ee-6fde-4031-8185-25754832f1cb.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCe phénomène d'altération a vraisemblablement été favorisé par un climat particulièrement chaud et humide. Durant l'épisode de dépôt de l'horizon Kellwasser supérieur, l'appauvrissement en oxygène résulterait de la stratification des eaux dans les environnements profonds, due à une diminution de la circulation océanique, causée par un confinement plus important des bassins. Cette stratification a été accrue durant la période de haut niveau marin associée à l'horizon Kelhvasser supérieur. Les eaux anoxiques ont pu se répandre dans les environnements de plates-formes à la faveur de la montée eustatique. La mise en place de conditions anoxiques, voire localement euxiniques, a favorisé la diffusion des nutriments libérés par la reminéralisation de la matière organique. Ces nutriments ont pu rejoindre épisodiquement les eaux de surface, à la faveur d'interruptions temporaires de la stratification des eaux, et ainsi intensifier la productivité primaire. Il est proposé que cette période de stockage accrue de carbone organique dans les sédiments ait fortement perturbé le cycle du carbone à long terme, conduisant, au final, à une chute notable de la pression de CO2 atmosphérique et au refroidissement du climat à la base du Famennien. Ainsi, ces travaux suggèrent que la formation des horizons Kellwasser résulte de la conjonction de divers' phénomènes, comprenant la tectonique s. L. ,l'évolution des végétaux, la physiographie des océans, la productivité marine, le tout en interactions directes et indirectes avec le climat
Qsair, Zoubida. „Le barrage d'Eguson, cas révélateur de changement de paradigme environnemental : un lac et son bassin face aux enjeux de l'eutrophisation“. Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://intranet.univ-orleans.fr/bibliotheques/theses/zoubida-qsair_4809_vm.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome reservoir lakes undergo a permanent evolution of their uses; varies from energy production to recreational use; this is the case for the Eguzon dam lake, also called Lac Chambon, built in the foot hills of the Massif Central. Despite a very controversial construction at the beginning of the 20th century, the dam appears to be socially acceptable because of its socioeconomic anchorage in its territory. One of the objectives of the thesis is to use the remarkable case of its long existence to understand the change of environmental paradigm, between the time of its construction, productivist vision, then the current era, marked by a seaside tourism valorization curbed by environmental problems, its advanced eutrophication and its proliferation of cyanobacteria, which weakens its social acceptability.To evaluate the trophic status of Chambon Lake and to understand the process of its cyanobacterial blooms, we proposed a new index of trophic status composed of five variables and the application of a limnological geography approach from two scales, the scale of the lake combined at the scale of its watershed. Sampling campaigns were conducted at these two scales using two limnological methods, buoy thermistance, multi-parameter probe; the monitoring of the algal mass by fluorescence, FluoroProbe; a multi-parameter photometer for monitoring nutrients and the Secchi Disk for monitoring transparency.At the lake-reservoir scale, this thesis evaluates the role of its limnic and biochemical functioning in its cyanobacterial blooms. At the scale of the lake's watershed, this work confirms that Lake Chambon is under the influence of its watershed for all inputs, including nutrients. The long-term cause of the degradation of its water qualityis the fact of its river tributaries, its lacustrine waters being only a revealer of the problem, because of their capacity of less self-purification
Leloup, Maud. „Evaluation de l'impact des blooms algaux et d'efflorescences bactériennes sur les caractéristiques de la matière organique des eaux naturelles“. Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/82354669-4494-47ae-8266-f601e4450b96/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4025.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEutrophication phenomena adversely impact ecosystems and disturb the uses of the affected water resources. They lead to phytoplanktonic proliferations resulting in a large quantity of Algal Organic Matter (AOM) due to metabolic activity and senescence of populations. The composition and reactivity of AOM differ from those of Natural Organic Matter (NOM). The AOM evolution was studied from its production by blooms formation to the humification stage, on laboratory cultures of mono-specific species of algae and cyanobacteria. Fractions of AOM extracted according to hydrophobicity were characterized by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, ultrafiltration and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Some specific properties of AOM were thus determined. These properties were in agreement with the in-situ observations. An in-situ monitoring program was conducted on an hypereutrophic pond in the Limousin area over a 18 months period. Recurrent inputs of AOM disturb the NOM dynamics and modify its characteristics by increasing the hydrophilic part, in agreement with the laboratory observations. These qualitative and quantitative changes also affect drinking water treatment processes and especially coagulation-flocculation. Efficiency of the process applied to an eutrophic water was thus reduced compared to a non eutrophic water; both hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions were the most impacted. Mechanisms involved in the elimination of organic matters from various origins and the role of each fraction were also identified
DELETRAZ, Gaelle. „Géographie des risques environnementaux liés aux transports routiers en montagne. Incidences des emissions d'oxydes d'azote en vallées d'Aspe et de Biriatou (Pyrénées)“. Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBASSET-MENS, Claudine. „Propositions pour une adaptation de l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie aux systèmes de production agricole. Mise en œuvre pour l'évaluation environnementale de la production porcine“. Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de renneS, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009828.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuillien, Nolwenn. „Des écosystèmes naturellement stressés sous menace anthropique : réponses de la faune des plages de sable macrotidales aux marées vertes“. Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHighly dynamic systems, often considered as resilient systems, are characterised by abiotic and biotic processes under continuous and strong changes in space and time. Because of this variability, the detection of overlapping anthropogenic stress is challenging. Coastal areas harbour dynamic ecosystems in the for of open sandy beaches, which cover the vast majority of the world’s ice-free coastline. These ecosystems are currently threatened by increasing human-induced pressure, among which mass-development of opportunistic macroalgae (mainly composed of Chlorophyta, so called green tides), resulting from the eutrophication of coastal waters. The ecological impact of opportunistic macroalgal blooms (green tides, and blooms formed by other opportunistic taxa), has long been evaluated within sheltered and non-tidal ecosystems. Little is known, however, on how more dynamic ecosystems, such as open macrotidal sandy beaches, respond to such stress. This thesis assesses the effects of anthropogenic stress on the structure and the functioning of highly dynamic ecosystems using sandy beaches impacted by green tides as a study case. The thesis is based on four field studies, which analyse natural sandy sediment benthic community dynamics over several temporal (from month to multi-year) and spatial (from local to regional) scales. In this thesis, I report long-lasting responses of sandy beach benthic invertebrate communities to green tides, across thousands of kilometres and over seven years; and highlight more pronounced responses of zoobenthos living in exposed sandy beaches compared to semi-exposed sands. Within exposed sandy sediments, and across a vertical scale (from inshore to nearshore sandy habitats), I also demonstrate that the effects of the presence of algal mats on intertidal benthic invertebrate communities is more pronounced than that on subtidal benthic invertebrate assemblages, but also than on flatfish communities. Focussing on small-scale variations in the most affected faunal group (i.e. benthic invertebrates living at low shore), this thesis reveals a decrease in overall beta-diversity along a eutrophication-gradient manifested in the form of green tides, as well as the increasing importance of biological variables in explaining ecological variability of sandy beach macrobenthic assemblages along the same gradient. To illustrate the processes associated with the structural shifts observed where green tides occurred, I investigated the effects of high biomasses of opportunistic macroalgae (Ulva spp.) on the trophic structure and functioning of sandy beaches. This work reveals a progressive simplification of sandy beach food web structure and a modification of energy pathways over time, through direct and indirect effects of Ulva mats on several trophic levels. Through this thesis I demonstrate that highly dynamic systems respond differently (e.g. shift in δ13C, not in δ15N) and more subtly (e.g. no mass-mortality in benthos was found) to anthropogenic stress compared to what has been previously shown within more sheltered and non-tidal systems. Obtaining these results would not have been possible without the approach used through this work; I thus present a framework coupling field investigations with analytical approaches to describe shifts in highly variable ecosystems under human-induced stress
Bücher zum Thema "Eutrophisation – Environnement"
UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre, Hrsg. Planning and management of lakes and reservoirs: An integrated approach to eutrophication. 2. Aufl. Osaka, Japan: UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenDaly, Karen. Eutrophication from agricultural sources: Environmental soil phosphorus test (2000-LS-2.1.6-M2) : final report. Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 2003.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenEleanor, Jennings, Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Centre for the Environment., Ireland Environmental Protection Agency und Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme., Hrsg. Eutrophication from agricultural sources: Seasonal patterns & effects of phosphorus (2000-LS-2.1.7-M2) : final report. Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 2003.
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