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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "European Criminal Bar Association"

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Crosby, Scott. „The Istanbul Resolution of the European Criminal Bar Association“. New Journal of European Criminal Law 4, Nr. 3 (September 2013): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/203228441300400303.

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Crosby, Scott. „The Human Rights Officer of the European Criminal Bar Association“. New Journal of European Criminal Law 5, Nr. 1 (März 2014): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/203228441400500101.

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Ramos, Vânia Costa, Alexis Anagnostakis, Amedeo Barletta, Jaanus Tehver und Nicola Canestrini. „European Criminal Bar Association statement of principles on the use of video-conferencing in criminal cases in a Post-Covid-19 World“. New Journal of European Criminal Law 12, Nr. 3 (28.04.2021): 476–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20322844211013541.

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This is a statement by the European Criminal Bar Association on the use of Video-Conferencing in Criminal Cases in a Post-Covid-19 World. It addresses the topic using a two-fold distinction between the use of remote hearings in domestic and in cross-border cases, on one hand, and the use of such of remote technology for conducting interviews of the suspect or accused in the pre-trial stages or at trial hearings, on the other hand. Recognising that these distinctive settings impact differently upon the seriousness of the interference with the fair trial rights and the rights of defence of the suspect or accused, and also upon the circumstances that must be weighed in order to assess whether restrictions are proportionate, adequate and necessary, the European Criminal Bar Association assesses whether the use of remote technologies in those different settings is acceptable and outlines proposals for further action in the field.
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Asnis, A. Ya, und Sh N. Khaziev. „International Forensic Cooperation and Advocacy“. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, Nr. 4 (08.01.2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-4-43-54.

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The article discusses the interaction of lawyers involved in criminal defense and the international forensic community, the principles of international cooperation in the field of forensic examination. Information is provided on forensic aspects of the activities of the United Nations, the European Criminal Bar Association and a specific case of the participation of fingerprint experts from a range of countries in a unique case on protection of an innocent victim of an expert error is described. The importance of taking into account the cognitive bias of experts and other subjective factors, as well as the role of lawyers in assessing expert opinions, is noted. The main conclusions and recommendations on the interaction of the forensic and advocate communities in current conditions are presented.
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Jilkin, V. A. „Historical Aspect and Prerequisites for Amending the Constitution of the RF“. Russian Journal of Legal Studies 4, Nr. 3 (15.09.2017): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18317.

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The following article examines aspects of the United States Agency for International Collaboration (USAID) programs influence in the rule of law field, started in the USSR during the early 90s. USAID-funded Rule of Law implementers helped draft the Russian Constitution, Part I of the Russian Civil Code, and the Russian Tax Code. The American Bar Association of the USA took an active part in changing Russian legislation since 1992, which was also funded by the USAID. The Constitution of 1993 included a provision on the priority of international law over national legislation. This provision was also included in Article 1 of the Criminal Code and in Article 1 of the Russian Code of Criminal Procedure. The article also deals with an enshrined supremacy of the Constitution found in the US Constitution and that of the European countries. For example, if there is a conflict between constitutional provisions and an international treaty, priority is given to the Constitution. Not all states recognize certain norms and implement them, just as legal practice is not always identical. Attempts to introduce alien values, ideologies, cultures and traditions, all the more with the help of international law, pose a threat to the democratic foundations of the Constitution as a legal act that has the highest legal force in the legal system of the state. The author suggests that the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation would see the provision removed, according to which international law forms an integral part of the legal system of the Russian Federation. Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation will strengthen Russia’s independence in the sphere of law, bringing back the best traditions of the functioning state authorities and judicial bodies, which should correspond to the current development of Russian society. Keywords: international law, constitutional law, the rule of law, double standards, human rights.
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Karnavas, Michael G. „Defence Counsel Ethics, the icc Code of Conduct and Establishing a Bar Association for icc List Counsel“. International Criminal Law Review 16, Nr. 6 (23.11.2016): 1048–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01606008.

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Defence counsel are ethically bound to zealously represent their clients. So what exactly does it mean to ‘zealously represent’ a client before any of the international criminal courts or tribunals? How unproblematic is it for defence counsel to meet their ethical duties? Would an International Criminal Court (icc) Bar or professional association for icc List Counsel and their assistants be of any significance to that end? This contribution concludes that the only way forward out of the prevailing and persistent morass List Counsel currently find themselves in at the icc, is through the establishment of a Bar Association for List Counsel and their assistants.
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Kuzmenko, O. V., und N. P. Sichko. „Features of the functioning of the committee on issues of integration of the advocacy system of Ukraine in the EU at the national association of lawyers of Ukraine“. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, Nr. 80 (20.01.2024): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.38.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the functioning of the committee on the integration of the Ukrainian legal system in the EU at the national association of lawyers of Ukraine. It is noted that at the National Association of Lawyers of Ukraine, appropriate Committees are created for the purpose of effective regulation of the activities of the Institute of Advocacy. Each of the formed Committees has its own status, tasks, principles and functions of activity, organizational structure and regulates certain legal relations in the field of advocacy. Committees of the National Bar Association of Ukraine have the status of permanent advisory bodies formed under the National Bar Association of Ukraine by order of the Chairman of this organization, the Bar Council of Ukraine, or by decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine. It is noted that the purpose of the creation of the Committee by the National Association of Lawyers of Ukraine is to define the implementation of European legal standards for the law enforcement activities of Ukraine, European integration and interaction with European institutions on the development of the legal profession, the establishment of the principle of the rule of law and the provision of human rights in Ukraine, the promotion of Ukrainian lawyers in professional development and promotion qualifications in Ukraine and abroad. It was concluded that, unfortunately, the normative acts of the Bar Council of Ukraine do not regulate the functions of the Committee on Integration of the Bar System of Ukraine in the EU under the National Bar Association of Ukraine. However, in our opinion, its main functions can be: 1) analysis and study of European legal standards related to advocacy; 2) development of recommendations and proposals for adaptation and implementation of these standards in Ukraine; 3) providing training and informing lawyers about European standards and norms; 4) interaction with authorities and other interested parties to support the integration of the Ukrainian legal profession into the European legal space; 5) promotion and protection of the rights and interests of lawyers in the context of European standards, etc. That is why further adaptation to European standards is important to ensure compliance of the Ukrainian legal profession with international requirements and improve the quality of legal services. This organization helps in solving issues related to the harmonization of the regulatory and legal environment and providing lawyers with the necessary knowledge and skills. Its activities contribute to the improvement of cooperation between lawyers and European colleagues, and also strengthen the status of lawyers in Ukraine in the international arena.
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Eltsov, Nikolay Sergeyevich. „THE LEGAL POSITION OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATIONS OF LAWYERS“. Current Issues of the State and Law, Nr. 9 (2019): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-9-6-15.

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We consider the legal situation specificity and the main activities of European associations of lawyers. Communities of judges, prosecutors, lawyers in public service are quite rare and, as in Russian practice, are not considered as public (non-governmental) associations. Membership in the association of lawyers of European countries is mainly associated with such professional activities as advocacy and notary, which is a private legal component of legal activity. The main tasks of many associations of lawyers is to protect the interests of its members, training and retraining of association members. Membership in these associations does not give any financial privileges, in Western European professional legal associations at the regulatory level, tax benefits for members of these organizations and legal instruments for professional growth are fixed. We analyze the activities of such associations as the German lawyer association, the Bar Association of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of China (Taiwan), the European Bar Association for democracy and human rights. On the basis of the comparative and legal characteristics of Russian and European associations of lawyers we made a conclusion about the distinctive and similar features in their legal position.
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Jackson, Adam M., und Gemma Louise Davies. „Making the case for ECRIS“. International Journal of Evidence & Proof 21, Nr. 4 (15.02.2017): 330–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712717692813.

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Criminal record information has various uses, including, in the detection of crime, as evidence in criminal proceedings, in consideration of an appropriate sentence after conviction and in determining the suitability of an individual for, or providing a bar to, employment. As such this information can have a high value but can also significantly interfere with a person’s right to private and family life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The importance of Article 8 in this area has been increasingly recognised both domestically and in Strasbourg, with such case law making clear the imperative that criminal record information is accurate, retained and disclosed only in proper circumstances and, where appropriate, is capable of being subject to proper challenge. The operation of the European Criminal Records Information System (ECRIS) for exchange of criminal records between Member States is explored and the benefits and risks of exchanging criminal records information within such an automated system are identified. The compliance of ECRIS to Article 8 ECHR is considered and suggestions made for future improvements. Evidence is provided that ECRIS constitutes a singular improvement on earlier ad hoc arrangements and should therefore be retained by the United Kingdom post-Brexit.
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Meliáá, Manuel Cancio. „The Wrongfulness of Crimes of Unlawful Association“. New Criminal Law Review 11, Nr. 4 (2008): 563–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2008.11.4.563.

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Though always present in penal codes, offenses based on belonging to a criminal organization occupy a vanguard position in today's evolution of penal law systems: organized crime is located at one of the most prominent places in the criminal policy agenda. Nevertheless, neither criminal law theory nor the actual content of criminal provisions nor the putting of theory into practice enables an adequate restriction of the interpretation of the laws against criminal organizations. Therefore we need to investigate the wrongfulness at the base of this offense. European legal scholarship has proposed two basic approaches: to consider that this offense anticipates the possibility of punishing and prosecuting such behavior (anticipation theory) or to consider that it harms a collective interest ("public security," "public peace"). From our perspective, it is necessary to underline the collective wrongfulness embedded in a criminal organization and that, beyond the actual crimes committed, it questions the monopoly of violence exercised by the state. It represents the constitution of a violent organization that counters the basis of state political organization (arrogation of political organization). This approach opens a possibility to adequately define the offense of belonging to a criminal organization.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "European Criminal Bar Association"

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Fauchon, Chloé. „L’effectivité des droits de la défense dans les procédures pénales transfrontières : étude en droit de l’Union européenne, droit français et droit espagnol“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2023/FAUCHON_Chloe_2023_ED101.pdf.

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Qu’il s’agisse de constituer une Union de droit ou d’assurer l’équité des procédures pénales transfrontières, l’Union européenne doit poursuivre un objectif d’effectivité des droits de la défense dans ces procédures. La réalité est toutefois autre ; les droits de la défense ne sont pas effectifs dans les procédures pénales transfrontières, tel que le montre notamment cette thèse à travers l’exemple des procédures entre la France et l’Espagne. Pour que soit accompli cet objectif, nous proposons un certain nombre de mesures. Premièrement, devrait être adopté un instrument normatif de l’Union européenne sur les droits de la défense dans les procédures pénales transfrontières, et, secondement, il est nécessaire de créer des structures opérationnelles européennes permettant de rétablir en pratique l’égalité des armes entre les autorités répressives et la défense
The European Union, either to constitute a Union with Rule of Law or to ensure fairness in cross-border criminal proceedings, must pursue the objective of effectiveness of defence rights in these proceedings. However, the reality is different; defence rights are not effective in cross-border criminal proceedings, as demonstrated by this thesis through the example of cross-border criminal proceedings between France and Spain. In order to accomplish this goal, we suggest various measures. First of all, a European normative instrument on defence rights in cross-border criminal proceedings should be adopted, and, secondly, it is necessary to create European operational structures to re-establish equality of arms between repressive authorities and the defendant
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Aguinaldo, Angela Leonor C. [Verfasser]. „East Meets West : Development of Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters between and within the Association of Southeast Nations and the European Union / Angela Leonor C. Aguinaldo“. Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021091802483067673065.

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Bücher zum Thema "European Criminal Bar Association"

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Association, American Bar. American Bar Association policy on AIDS and the criminal justice system. Chicago, Ill: The Association, 1989.

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American Bar Association. Standing Committee on Association Standards for Criminal Justice. und American Bar Association, Hrsg. The American Bar Association standards relating to the administration of criminal justice. 2. Aufl. Washington, D.C: The Association, Standing Committee on Association Standards for Criminal Justice, 1994.

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Association, American Bankers, American Bar Association. Section of Criminal Justice. und Florida International Bankers Association, Hrsg. American Bankers Association and American Bar Association Section of Criminal Justice present Money laundering enforcement update. [Washington, D.C.]: American Bankers Association?, 1991.

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R, Civiletti Benjamin, Murphy John Francis 1937- und American Bar Association. Section of International Law and Practice., Hrsg. Report of the Task Force on an International Criminal Court of the American Bar Association. Washington, DC: American Bar Association, Section of International Law and Practice, 1995.

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Association, American Bar. American Bar Association criminal & juvenile justice policies: A roadmap for state legislators and policymakers. Washington, D.C. (1800 M. St., N.W., Washington 20036): The Association, 1986.

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Association, American Bar. American Bar Association criminal & juvenile justice policies: A roadmap for state legislators and policymakers. Washington, D.C. (1800 M. St., N.W., Washington 20036): The Association, 1986.

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American Bar Association. Committee on Implementation of Standards for the Administration of Criminal Justice., Hrsg. Pattern rules of court and code provisions: Based upon the American Bar Association standards for criminal justice. Washington, D.C: American Bar Association, Section of Criminal Justice, 1994.

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Association, American Bar. American Bar Association guidelines for the appointment and performance of counsel in death penalty cases. [Chicago, Ill.]: American Bar Association, 1989.

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Association, Illinois State Bar, Hrsg. Illinois State Bar Association 1990 mock trial program: Statement of facts and affidavits. [Springfield, Ill.?]: ISBA, 1990.

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American Bar Association. Section of Criminal Justice. Committee on Economic Offenses. Economic offenses: Recommendations of the American Bar Association, Section of Criminal Justice, Committee on Economic Offenses. Washington, D.C: American Bar Association, Section of Criminal Justice, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "European Criminal Bar Association"

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„R.D. Brown, Deputy Director, Shipbuilding and Repairers National Association, Director of the Association of West European Shipbuilders“. In Crossing the Bar, herausgegeben von Anthony Slaven und Hugh Murphy. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0033.

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Interview with R.D. Brown, Deputy Director, Shipbuilding and Repairers National Association, Director of the Association of West European Shipbuilders. Details experience working with British Shipbuilding Industry Officials.
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„Keynote Speech to the Criminal Bar Association Conference“. In The Unity of Law. Hart Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509949458.0010.

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Hodgson, Jacqueline S. „Perspectives on Adversarial and Inquisitorial Criminal Procedure“. In The Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice, 3–53. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199981427.003.0001.

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Analyzing the evolving nature of core features of adversarial and inquisitorial processes in an applied and dynamic way, this chapter examines the two traditions through a variety of lenses and contexts. Beginning with the organizing principles of both traditions, it examines how jurisdictions have adapted their procedures with the common ambition of avoiding a contested trial. Adopting an external standpoint, it then analyzes the adversarial tradition’s association with individual rights, fairness, and transparency, and its resulting appeal to systems seeking to move away from a more state-dominated process. It then examines the ways that different procedural values play out within the context of international criminal justice, concluding with an analysis of contemporary pan-European influences on criminal procedure and the challenges in developing common criminal justice values and standards of fair trial through the ECtHR and the EU that often run counter to domestic trends.
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Cooper, John. „Jewish Barristers 1945‒1990“. In Pride Versus Prejudice, 344–68. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774877.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses Jewish barristers from 1945 to 1990. Partly because the provisions of the Legal Aid and Advice Act 1949 were starting to take effect, and partly because of the post-war upsurge in crime, there was a marked expansion in work for barristers in the late 1950s at much higher rates of pay than in the pre-war period. They were also helped by the multiplication of retail chains of shops in the clothing and electrical goods sectors, together with the establishment of large property companies, which in turn fostered a number of influential Jewish commercial law practices. Whereas the emergence of Jewish solicitors specializing in criminal law assisted the careers of some of those practising at the criminal Bar, the West End and City Jewish law practices with large numbers of business clients permitted the entry of barristers from families of east European immigrants into the commercial Bar and generated an appreciable volume of civil litigation. Accordingly, the increase in the number of Jewish solicitors' practices after the Second World War levelled the playing field for barristers from similar backgrounds, although these firms continued to instruct counsel from every creed and every ethnic group.
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Mcdonald*, Douglas C. „Public Imprisonment By Private Meanss“. In Prisons In Context, 29–48. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198258650.003.0003.

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Abstract Although privately operated imprisonment facilities were commonplace in previous centuries in England and the United States (Holdsworth 1922-4: 397; Crew 1933: 50; McKelvey 1977: 197-216; Feeley 1991), by the twentieth century, governments had assumed responsibility for nearly all imprisonment and most other criminal justices functions. Indeed, the principle of public responsibility for the administration of justice---and especially for imprisonment--has become so well established that imprisonment is seen by many as an intrinsic function of government (American Bar Association 1989: 3; Dilulio 1990: 172-7; Robbins 1988: 44; Howard League for Penal Reform 1990: 3). Beginning in the mid-1980s, however, a debate emerged in the United States, Britain, and in some other English-speaking countries over the propriety of governments contracting with private firms to operate and even own prisons, jails, and other places of imprisonment.
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Yarbrough, Tinsley E. „Common Law Justice“. In David Hackett Souter, 147–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159332.003.0004.

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Abstract The Supreme Court David Souter joined in October 1990 had long been the target of a battle for its jurisprudential soul-a struggle waged, with varying degrees of intensity on and off the Court, since Chief Justice Earl Warren’s 1969 retirement. In his 1968 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon had vowed to place “strict constructionists” on the Court-justices who would overturn or substantially restrict the expansive civil liberties precedents of the Warren era. Before the Watergate scandal forced him from office, Nixon appointed Minnesota native and conservative federal appeals court judge Warren Burger, a vigorous critic of Warren Court decisions expanding the rights of criminal defendants, to replace Warren and named as associate justices Burger’s boyhood friend Harry Blackmun, distinguished Richmond lawyer and former president of the American Bar Association Lewis Powell, and William H. Rehnquist, head of the Nixon Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel. During his brief tenure as Nixon’s successor, Gerald Ford chose federal court of appeals judge John Paul Stevens to replace William 0. Douglas in 1975, and in 1981, Ronald Reagan nominated Sandra Day O’Connor to join the Nixon-Ford appointees and Warren Court holdovers William Brennan, Byron White, and Thurgood Marshall on the high bench.
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Berlin, Mark S. „Domesticating Atrocity Law“. In Criminalizing Atrocity, 50–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850441.003.0003.

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This chapter traces the history of efforts to domesticate international atrocity law, which provides initial plausibility for the book’s central argument. The chapter locates the origins of atrocity laws in the decades prior to World War II with a community of influential European criminal law scholars, most of whom were leaders of the International Association of Penal Law (AIDP). Following the war, some of these experts helped draft the first international atrocity law treaties, and the enforcement regimes they designed relied on national enforcement through domestic legislation. Four phases of atrocity law adoption then followed. In the first phase (1945–1957), the adoption of atrocity laws was driven mostly by principled norm entrepreneurs who were actively committed to the advancement of an international criminal law regime. In the second phase (1957–1985), professionalization and emulation became central drivers of domestic atrocity criminalization. As national governments all over the world drafted new criminal codes, transnational professional influences conditioned technocratic drafters to see atrocity criminalization as important for a modern criminal code. In the third phase (1985–1998), a new wave of domestic and international attempts to prosecute government officials for past atrocities, coupled with a resurgence of foreign technical legal assistance, helped foster the conditions that made atrocity criminalization salient beyond a specialized community of professional criminal law experts. Finally, in the current phase (1998–present), international civil society groups, inspired by the creation of the International Criminal Court, have undertaken concerted public advocacy efforts to promote the domestication of atrocity law.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "European Criminal Bar Association"

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Petersen, Rasmus Rosenqvist. „Association and Centrality in Criminal Networks“. In 2012 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eisic.2012.63.

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Puranik, N., und G. Scavone. „Clamped bar model for free reeds“. In 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. Turin, Italy: European Acoustics Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0853.

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Ghosh, Saranya Samik. „Latest CMS results on Higgs boson production in association with top quarks $(t\bar tH)$“. In The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.314.0286.

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Policicchio, Antonio. „Observation of the Higgs boson production in association with a $t\bar{t}$ pair with the ATLAS detector“. In European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.364.0325.

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Michielin, Emanuele. „Search for Higgs-like particle produced in association with $b$ quarks and measurement of $Z \to b\bar{b}$ cross section at CDF II“. In The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.314.0317.

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Rohrig, Rainer. „Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with the Standard Model Higgs Boson Decaying to $b\bar{b}$ at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS Detector“. In The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.314.0629.

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Bandigamapalage, Wasana, Thilini Chandrasir und Kolitha Wijesekara. „Preparation of a Low Cost Nutrient Bar Incorporated with Underutilized Seeds as a Convenient and Functional Meal Replacement Alternative D“. In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/amfm1789.

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People with busy lifestyles routinely consume fast food as an easy alternative for main meal. Consequently, they prone to suffer from non-communicable diseases such as diabetics. The purpose of this research was to develop a nutritious bar as a meal replacement under the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) using underutilized seeds such as pumpkin, winged beans, watermelon, corn, mung beans, and rice flakes. The proximate analysis, physicochemical properties, sensory attributes and microbiological parameters were evaluated using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemist standards (AOAC), Human Research Ethics Committee standards (Brazil), and Sri Lanka Standards Institution (SLS 516: 1991) respectively. Developed mung based (321), rice flake based (123) and commercial nutrient bar (801) revealed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in attributes except mouthfeel in the sensory evaluation. A mold and a package was designed with an effective packaging material. The shelf-life was evaluated after adding the permitted preservative (E211-Sodium benzoate) to developed mung based (321), rice flake based (123) bars which had a self-life of one-month. The mung based nutrient bar revealed an average of 1.7±0.1 % moisture, 0.9±0.7% fat, 9.7±0.1% ash, 21.8±2.5% crude fibre, 36.6±0.0 % protein, 29.2±8.3% carbohydrates, and the rice flake bar contained an average of 2.2±0.3% moisture, 2.7±0.2% fat, 7.9±0.2 % ash, 11.4±1.4 % crude fibre, 31.9±0.0 % protein, 43.8±0.0 carbohydrates. The commercial nutrient bar had 1.5±0.1% moisture, 1.5±0.0% fat, 7.8±0.0% ash, 0.5±0.5% crude fibre, 32.5±0.0 % protein, and 56.3±3.9% carbohydrates on average. The energy content (kcal) in rice flakes based, mung based and commercial bars were 327.1, 271.3, and 360 respectively. The finding ascertained that the developed nutrient bars (123, 321) directly fulfill the recommended dietary allowance as a meal replacement concerning European Union Commission Regulations and substantiate that the same nutrient profiles in the commercial nutrition bars could be obtained from the developed samples with a lesser processing cost. KEYWORDS: Commercial nutrient bar, meal replacement, recommended dietary allowance, underutilized seeds
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Kumar, Anil, und Younus Sheikh. „An Assessment of Health Hazards in Valves for Gaseous Oxygen Service: Sources and Preventive Measures“. In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86018.

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Oxygen content in air is approximately 21% by volume. With many industrial uses, mainly in the manufacture of steel and chemicals, for metal cutting, welding ,hardening & scarfing, it is being transported as a non-liquefied gas at pressures of 138 bar (13800000 Pa) or above, also as a cryogenic fluid at pressures and temperatures below 13.8bar (1380000 Pa) & −146.5°C (126.65K). Commonly we found air separation plants produce ultra-pure oxygen (> 99.9% purity) via liquefaction of atmospheric air and separation of the oxygen by fractionation and thereby transported to the needy areas via pipelines. The research efforts directed towards technical assessment to establish the correlations between valve construction and turbulence and solving the complications in the transported ultra-pure oxygen gas in the pipelines and through mounted valves. Hence, it is necessary to study the performance, complexities and fire hazards associated with the valves transporting it and the preventive measures to avoid any catastrophic failure in ultra-pure gaseous oxygen services. The study was conducted on two isolation valves — each of ball and globe of relative size. It was realized that velocities of the ultrapure gaseous oxygen on the impingement sites inside the valve are beyond the safe limit as recommended by European Industrial Gas Association (EIGA) [4] and various other prominent industrial gas manufacturers. Moreover, globe valve gave relatively less turbulence and velocity at initial opening of the valve. The study revealed that majority of health hazards & accidents on industrial usage of ultra-pure gaseous oxygen media are the result of the inadequate awareness of the degreasing or cleaning and optimum material selection and construction of the valve and fittings on the industrial pipeline.
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