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Barnum, Brenda. „E-walks bring ethics to the bedside: A nurse ethicist’s reflections“. Nursing Ethics 30, Nr. 5 (August 2023): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09697330231160002.
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The unique role of the nurse ethicist in the clinical setting is one meant to enhance the ethical capacity of nurses, and front-line healthcare providers. As a nurse ethicist, it is also my goal to enhance the ethical climate of each individual work area, patient care unit, and the broader institution by encouraging ethical conversations, navigating ethical dilemmas, and seeking creative solutions to minimize moral distress and burnout. To provide preventive ethics support and education, I began regularly visiting patient care areas for ethics rounds, which I affectionately named “E-walks” (for Ethics Walks). I will discuss and reflect upon the lessons that have emerged as three key components of “E-Walks”: Recognition, Solidarity and Dialogue. These themes will speak to the unique presence and availability of a nurse ethicist as a valuable resource to front-line healthcare providers who face ethical dilemmas and morally concerning cases. I will go on to argue and demonstrate that my role as the nurse ethicist lies at the intersection of bioethics and the theoretical framework of the “ethic of care,” which is focused on building, creating, and sustaining caring interprofessional relationships through the work of ethics, nursing, and education.
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Grosu, Oana Vasilica, und Eusebiu Toader. „Ethics and Academic Integrity Elements of Ethics in Electrical Engineering“. Postmodern Openings 11, Nr. 4 (2020): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/11.4/230.
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Ethics is the science that studies the theoretical part of the human condition and its values. The individual has the responsibility to conduct ethic decisions and to have an ethical behavior. This article presents the ethics from the research and engineering perspective, its main characteristics; lack of honesty, confidentiality, conflict of interests and intellectual property. The engineering teaching is the act which includes multiple ethic subjects in order to educate the student about the importance of ethics and its repercussions. The students have the right to benefit of ethical behavior from their teachers from the staff of the school. The ethic is essential in all the educational and working fields, but we insisted specially on the electrical engineering field.
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Curtis, Cara. „“No One Left Behind”: Learning From A Multidimensional Ethic of Care in a Women’s Prison in the US South“. Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 41, Nr. 1 (2021): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jsce202171946.
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Drawing on qualitative research in a theological studies program at a women’s prison, this paper describes a multidimensional ethic of care practiced by the program’s students. Analyzing this ethic, the paper distills three virtues that the students’ practice offers to non-incarcerated persons seeking to advance care and justice in the world: attention, outward-looking self-care, and steadfastness. Through this analysis, the paper makes two main contributions, building on multiple strands of work in everyday ethics and the ethics of care: 1) it explores the moral and pedagogic value of incarcerated women’s ethical practices, and in doing so aims to unsettle assumptions about “where ethics happens,” particularly virtue ethics, and who are qualified ethical teachers; 2) in discussing a care ethic embedded in a carceral context, it furthers the case for ethics of care that are robustly and explicitly tied to the pursuit of justice.
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Martínez Posada, Jorge Eliecer, Audin Aloiso Gamboa Suárez und Alicia Ines Villa. „Nomadic ethics and thoughtful ethics“. Revista Perspectivas 4, Nr. 2 (05.12.2019): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/25909215.1973.
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Speak of the "subject" and "ethics" today must start from a different place or a non-place that understands the subject in his becoming and transformation, identifying him to recognize him, conceiving him as a subject in transit, a nomadic subject, which can be reinvented in an ethical exercise that is reflective of himself and himself, without forgetting his constant encounter with the other. This article of reflection aims to make an understanding and a journey through ethical developments, approaching a genealogy of it. Similarly, it tries to relate to the construction of subjectivity from the intimate, the public and the private, as a modes of action of the ethical in the subject and finally reflect on the transpositions of a nomadic ethic within multiple diasporas that allow a vision of modern ethics and possibility in the configuration of the subjects and their subjectivities. This reflection manages to conclude that ethics is always in gestation and reconfiguration depending on the new demands of a global system, as a form of power that encourages resistance as a way of transposing the ethical devices that shape the behavior and habits of the subjects
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R, Dr Kalyani. „Ethics in Medical Profession“. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 08, Nr. 1 (15.03.2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v08i1.6.
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Ethical challenges exist in all fields and in daily practice. It is a requirement for optimal profes-sionalism. Ethics is a Greek word derived from “Ethos” and “Ethica” meaning right and wrong in one’s act and decision. Ethics and ethical practice is a requirement especially in science and social science. There are 15 principles in bioethics of which autonomy, justice, benefi-cence, nonmaleficence and dignity has become the integral part of medical profession for good medical practice.[1] Ethics in medical profes-sion depends on the type of practice the doctor takes up and hence ethics in medical profes-sion can be in 1. Medical Education 2. Patient care 3. Medical Research & publication
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Tohir Pohan, Hotman. „PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TENTANG NILAI-NILAI ETIKA DALAM PENYAJIAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN YANG BERTANGGUNG JAWAB“. Media Ekonomi 20, Nr. 2 (03.11.2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/me.v20i2.781.
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<p>The aim of this research to know the perception of students about ethics values in professional code of ethic and business ethics. The analysis is based on the answer from responden where its data are gathered from accounting students and business students of economic faculty Trisakti University. The questioners about ethical concept is took from code of ethic management accountant or internal accountant that is Competence, Confidentiality, Honesty, Objectivity, Accountability and Responsibility. Result showed that, first there are not significantly perception different between accounting students and bussines student about ethical concept of competence, objectivity, and accountability ,but there are significantly perception different between accounting students and bussines students about ethical concept confidentiallity and honesty. Secondly there are not significantly perception different between students after took subject code of ethic and students before took subject code of ethic. Thirdly, there are not significantly perception different between gender of students about code of ethic and bussines ethics.<br />Keywords: Perception, Ethical Values, Code of Ethic, Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statement.</p>
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Thompson, P. „Evolutionary ethics, Darwinian ethics and ethical naturalism“. Human Evolution 5, Nr. 2 (April 1990): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02435469.
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Pohan, Hotman Tohir. „Persepsi Mahasiswa Tentang Nilai-Nilai Etika Dalam Penyajian Pelaporan Keuangan Perusahaan yang Bertanggung Jawab“. Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing dan Informasi 12, Nr. 2 (20.08.2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v12i2.590.
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<span>The aim of this research to know the perception of students about ethics values in <span>professional code of ethic and business ethics. The analysis is based on the answer from responden where its data are gathered from accounting students and business students of economic faculty Trisakti University. The questioners about ethical concept is took from code of ethic management accountant or internal accountant that is Competence, Confidentiality, Honesty, Objectivity, Accountability and Responsibility. Result showed that, first there are not significantly perception different between accounting students and bussines student about ethical concept of competence, objectivity, and accountability ,but there are significantly perception different between accounting students and bussines students about ethical concept confidentiallity and honesty. Secondly there are not significantly perception different between students after took subject code of ethic and students before took subject code of ethic. Thirdly, there are not significantly perception different between gender of students about code of ethic and bussines ethics.<br />Keywords: Perception, Ethical Values, Code of Ethic, Preparation and<br />Presentation of Financial Statement.<br /></span></span>
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Simonds, Colin Harold. „Toward a Buddhist Ecological Ethic of Care“. Religions 14, Nr. 7 (11.07.2023): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14070893.
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This article thinks alongside the feminist ethic of care tradition to articulate a Tibetan Buddhist ethical approach to the more-than-human world. It begins by unpacking the characterization of Tibetan Buddhist ethics as a moral phenomenology before highlighting the major parallels between Buddhist moral phenomenology and the ethic of care tradition. Having made these parallels evident, this article then looks at how the ethic of care tradition has been applied to issues in animal ethics and environmental ethics to similarly think through how a Buddhist moral phenomenology might function in these more-than-human contexts. To further nuance this ecological application of Buddhist ethics, this article then takes up the question of veganism and argues that a Tibetan Buddhist care ethic would ideally adopt the positions of ethical veganism while also recognizing the socio-economic barriers to doing so in certain contexts. Ultimately, this article argues that when Buddhist moral phenomenology is applied to the more-than-human world, it presents as a Buddhist ecological ethic of care which recognizes the interconnected nature of duhkha, the necessity of approaching situations with care as one’s primary conative mode, and an emphasis on context, relationships, and positionality.
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Anwar, Yuli. „Intervening effect of personal value on the code of ethics to ethical judgment“. Accounting Journal of Binaniaga 5, Nr. 01 (17.06.2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/ajb.v5i01.365.
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The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze empirically the effect of code of ethics understanding to ethical judgment through personal value of public accountant. The model proposed in this research was tested by means of structural equation modeling. The data were collected from purposive sampling and the number of samples of this research were 301 partners, manager, supervisor, and senior accountant in Indonesia. Construct that directly affect each other in this study are code of ethic to personal values and code of ethic to ethical judgment and and prove that personal value is an intervening variable. The model proposed in the research shows the impact code of ethics, personal value and ethical judgment. Future research should study of morality of auditor and collected sample from Asian countries. Partner, manager, supervisor, and senior auditor may take a decision wiser with ethical judgment with based on fact. The model proposed in this research partner, manager, supervisor, and senior auditor have positive direct impact of each code of ethic to personal values and positive direct impact code of ethic to ethical judgment. Keywords: Code of Ethics, Personal Value, Ethical Judgment
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Shetty, Pushpa. „Ethical Leadership: Need for Business Ethics Education“. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics 1, Nr. 1 (02.01.2012): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31270/ijame01012012/03.
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Mishra, Prof Pratibha J. „Kantian Ethics and Jain Spiritual-Ethical Conducts“. Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, Nr. 6 (15.06.2012): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/june2014/70.
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Ruban, D. A. „Analytical Review of Conjugation of the Ethical Bases of Artificial Intelligence Implementation and Ecologization in Corporate Governance“. Journal of Applied Economic Research 21, Nr. 2 (2022): 390–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.2.014.
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In contemporary corporations, managers have to embrace artificial intelligence and to focus on ecologization processes. Modern researchers pay significant attention to various aspects of corporate ethics, including those linked to the two noted challenges (AI ethics and eco-ethics). However, in most cases they are considered separately, whereas the relative behavior norms are actually connected. A new phenomenon can be labeled as AI-eco-ethics. The objective of the present investigation is the analytical reviewing of the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance. The hypothesis is that previous studies characterize this conjugation sufficiently well. The analytical procedure includes finding articles from international journals dealing with AI-eco-ethics in the bibliographical database "Scopus" and systematizing the ideas from those articles by means of their attribution to common topics. The results indicate the diversity of the previous studies of AI-eco-ethics. The topics are the general questions of AI-eco-ethics, artificial intelligence as a new opportunity for eco-ethics development, the factor of sustainability in AI-eco-ethics, corporate interests in AI-eco-ethics and artificial intelligence as a challenge to eco-ethics. The polarity between the researchers' opinions is expressed sharply, and many of them doubt the positive influences of artificial intelligence on corporate eco-ethics. Reference to the ethic codes of the largest world's corporations implies very limited reflection of AI-ethic norms in them. However, when present, these norms co-occur with eco-ethical prescriptions. The results of the analytical review reveal prospects for the conceptualizing of AI-eco-ethics, which is of theoretical importance. From the practical point of view, the results emphasize the necessity of improving the quality and widening the breadth of managerial education, and also the development of inter-organizational cooperation and communication. The undertaken investigation clearly observes the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance, although the chosen hypothesis is confirmed only in part.
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Haller, Stephen F. „Codes of ethics for travellers are not motivating“. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 11, Nr. 1 (06.03.2017): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-09-2015-0106.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the discussion about the adequacy/inadequacy of codes of ethics in motivating tourist behaviour. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a philosophical argument for the use of virtue ethics, rather than rights-based codes of ethics, when directing the ethical behaviour of individual travellers. Findings Codes of ethics suffer from several problems, including inconsistency, unenforceability and a reliance on the guest/host distinction that may not be applicable. Rights-based codes of ethics use the language of rules and regulation, while virtue ethics relies on the moral autonomy of individuals. The language of virtue ethics, which promotes the development of individual character, would be more effective for inspiring ethical behaviour in individual tourists because they will identify with internal goals connected to their own goals and purposes, rather than with external rules. Practical implications The language of virtue ethics would have more motivating force and, thus, might be more appropriate for the task. Originality/value This paper presents an argument for the replacement of codes of ethics with a virtue ethic approach.
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Rustiana, Rustiana. „PERSEPSI ETIKA MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI DAN AUDITOR DALAM SITUASI DILEMA ETIS AKUNTANSI“. KINERJA 10, Nr. 2 (26.01.2017): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v10i2.925.
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The aim of this study is to investigate about perceive differences among accounting students between auditors ethical dilemma in accounting. Two hundred and twenty eight respondents were participated in this research. Ethical perceived are measured by Multidimensional Ethics Scale with tens ethics’ characteristic from 5 constructs. Ethical dilemma in accounting is measured by two hypothetical cases. Data was analysis with independent t-test. These results showed there are differences among accounting students between auditors. The implications of the study are to increasing content of ethic in accounting curricula.Keywords: ethical dilemma, multidimensional ethic scale, accounting student, auditors.
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Lejeune, Joseph B. „Ethics: Ethical Motivation“. Perspectives on Administration and Supervision 13, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2003): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aas13.3.7.
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Barber, S. G. „Ethical ethics committees?“ Journal of Medical Ethics 26, Nr. 2 (01.04.2000): 142—a—142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.2.142-a.
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Ahmad, Israr, Yongqiang Gao und Shafei Moiz Hali. „A Review of Ethical Leadership and Other Ethics- Related Leadership Theories“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, Nr. 29 (31.10.2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n29p10.
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The role of ethics in leadership studies is very important for organizations. Leadership without ethics and integrity can be harmful both for the organizational stakeholders and society. The high-profiled scandals and the leadership involvement in unethical activities caused increase attention of the scholars and mainstream media in the leadership ethics (Hartog, 2015). This resulted a growing research in the field of ethical leadership behavior. For this reason, the present study review ethics-related leadership including ethical leadership and other ethic-related leadership theories to better understand the importance of the ethics and morality in these leadership constructs. This study also presented a comprehensive review on ethical leadership and its similarities and differences with other related leadership styles. Another focus of this study was to present the definitions of each leadership style and their scales, and to establish that how ethical leadership is distinct from each leadership style. Future directions and conclusion are presented in the last of the paper.
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Rasmussen, David M. „Business Ethics and Postmodernism: A Response“. Business Ethics Quarterly 3, Nr. 3 (Juli 1993): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857253.
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“Business Ethics and Postmodernism: A Response” considers the contribution of Ronald Green, David Schmidt, Clarence Walton, Ron Duska, and Richard Neilsen to a special issue of Business Ethics Quarterly entitled “Business Ethics and Postmodernism.” This essay poses a fundamental question: to what extent can a position which characterizes itself as postmodern be ethical? The paper argues on philosophical grounds that the debate between modernity and postmodernity is a debate over the very possibility of an ethic. The paper concludes that although Jacque Derrida has made the most convincing argument for an ethic within postmodernity, it remains skeptical because such an argument simply presupposes assumptions which owe their origin to modernity.
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Clark-Grill, Monika. „Ethics support for GPs: what should it look like?“ Journal of Primary Health Care 8, Nr. 1 (2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14999.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Ethics support services for hospital clinicians have become increasingly common globally but not as yet in New Zealand. However, an initiative to change this is gathering momentum. Its slogan ‘Clinical ethics is everyone’s business’ indicates that the aim is to encompass all of health care, not just the hospital sector. General Practitioners (GPs) deal with ethical issues on a daily basis. These issues are often quite different from ethical issues in hospitals. To make future ethics support relevant for primary care, local GPs were interviewed to find out how they might envisage ethics support services that could be useful to them. METHODS A focus group interview with six GPs and semi-structured individual interviews with three GPs were conducted. Questions included how they made decisions on ethical issues at present, what they perceived as obstacles to ethical reflection and decision-making, and what support might be helpful. FINDINGS Three areas of ethics support were considered potentially useful: Formal ethics education during GP training, access to an ethicist for assistance with analysing an ethical issue, and professional guidance with structured ethics conversations in peer groups. CONCLUSION The complex nature of general practice requires GPs to be well educated and supported for handling ethical issues. The findings from this study could serve as input to the development of ethics support services. KEYWORDS General practice; primary care; ethics; support; education
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Pérez Navarro, Pablo. „Traducir el rostro del otro: encuentros culturales entre Judith Butler y Emmanuel Levinas“. Filosofia Unisinos 21, Nr. 3 (25.11.2020): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/fsu.2020.213.06.
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Judith Butler draws on Emmanuel Levinas’ ethics in order to question processes of humanization and dehumanization taking place through various practices of representation of the face of the other. This is a singular reading leading Levinas’ work to the field of media representations conceived as an agonistic social landscape where the demand of the face is offered or, on the contrary, hidden from us. In that sense, Butler’s cultural transposition of Levinasian ethics entails a politicization of ethics which is indistinguishable, at the end, from an ethic assault to the politics of representation. In this cultural bond among ethics and politics arise fundamental questions on responsibility linking it to the practice of cultural translation while offering alternatives to some common universalist shortcuts of contemporary ethical reflection.Keywords: Cultural translation, ethical responsibility, ethics of alterity.
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Ljungblom, Mia. „Ethics and Lean Management – a paradox?“ International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 6, Nr. 2/3 (10.06.2014): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-02-2014-0009.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to research the practice of ethics in Swedish health care organizations using Lean Management. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative study was conducted. Findings – Findings indicate that ethics is not a consideration when hospitals are implementing Lean Management. Social implications – Organizations generally have diverse value systems when building their codes of professional ethics for examining ethical principles, whereas Lean Management has established base principles with different codes of professional ethics differing from the intrinsic values humans create according to moral philosophy. It could be said that Lean Management relies on minimalistic ethic. While hospitals implement Lean Management, there are still many barriers to resolve to achieve useful implementation. Managing change while emphasizing ethical values could be a success factor for those organizations and their customers. Originality/value – Studying ethical values in Lean Management implementation.
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Giaxoglou, Korina. „Reflections on internet research ethics from language-focused research on web-based mourning: revisiting the private/public distinction as a language ideology of differentiation“. Applied Linguistics Review 8, Nr. 2-3 (24.05.2017): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2016-1037.
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AbstractThe present article addresses ethical issues and tensions that have arisen in the context of language-focused research on web-based mourning. It renders explicit the process of ethical decision-making in research practice, illustrating key aspects of a process approach to research ethics, which calls for reflection on ethical issues as an integral and dynamic part of the project (Markham and Buchanan 2015. Ethical considerations in digital research contexts. In James Wright (ed.) Encyclopedia for Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier Press. 606–613; Page et al. 2014. Researching Language and Social Media: A student guide. Oxon: Routledge). In addition, the article draws attention to some vexing ethical tensions raised in research practice and, in particular, to the uses of the terms private and public in research ethics frameworks and in discipline-specific discussions. Based on Gal’s (2005. Language ideologies compared: metaphors of public/private. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 15 (1): 23–38) semiotic investigation of the private/public opposition, it is shown how the two categories are used as a language ideology of differentiation that discursively contrasts spaces and forms of emotional communication. It is argued that such metaphorical uses of the terms limit their currency in internet research on language, mourning, and death online, which tends to feature the construction and staging of a public self in semi-public contexts. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the issues raised in language-focused research on web-based mourning for research ethics as method (Markham 2004. Method as ethic, ethic as method. Journal of Information Ethics 15 (2): 37–55) and calls for the critical study of the key concepts that underlie research ethics stances as a key step in rethinking – or ‘undoing’ – ethics (Whiteman 2012. Undoing Ethics: Rethinking Practice in Online Research. London: Springer).
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Кожевникова, Л., L. Kozhevnikova, И. Старовойтова und I. Starovoytova. „The Problem of Multi-Level Ethical Regulation in Personnel Management“. Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 8, Nr. 4 (31.10.2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d7b8b914f4079.44771785.
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The article is devoted to methodological problems of personnel management: the problem of ethical values in the management of an organization, the problem of the relationship between ethics and economics, the problem of synthesizing positive and normative approaches within the framework of economics, the problem of balancing the basic values of the work ethic of an ethnos and socio-economic institutional factors of modern society. A classifi cation of ethical dilemmas in the organization is proposed: dilemmas at the individual level (professional ethics of the personnel manager), at the organizational level (ethics of the organization) and at the social level (economic ethics). The article shows the new ethical problems to which the spread of new information and communication technologies leads. The authors conclude that the humanistic economic theory of a civilized society has been developing.
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Zhu, Qin. „Engineering ethics education, ethical leadership, and Confucian ethics“. International Journal of Ethics Education 3, Nr. 2 (04.04.2018): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40889-018-0054-6.
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Onyura, Betty, Emilia Main, Claudia Barned, Alexandra Wong, Tin D. Vo, Nivetha Chandran, Nazi Torabi und Deena M. Hamza. „The “What” and “Why” of (Un)Ethical Evaluation Practice: A Meta-Narrative Review and Ethical Awareness Framework“. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 38, Nr. 2 (01.12.2023): 265–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe-2023-0023.
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There is growing recognition of the complex moral and ethical tensions associated with evaluation practice. However, there are scant evidence-informed frameworks for cultivating ethical awareness or informing ethical deliberation across the evaluation landscape. Thus, we aimed to synthesize research evidence on evaluation ethics, and draw on these findings to develop an evidence-informed evaluation ethics framework. Our methodological approach involved, first, conducting a meta-narrative review of empirical studies on evaluation ethics. Specifically, we conducted a systematic peer-reviewed and grey literature search, then identified, extracted, and thematically organize data from 20 studies that meet inclusion criteria. Second, in consultation with an ethicist, we curated findings on ethical concerns within an integrated evaluation ethics framework. Our results illustrate six thematic patterns of research inquiry on evaluation ethics and highlight trends, and gaps. The ethics framework (ACAP) we develop includes four multi-faceted categories. It outlines six Accountabilities (where ethical consideration is owed), illustrates how ethical Concerns can manifest in practice, and outlines diverse stakeholder groups’ Agency over the management of ethical concerns. Critically, it outlines five meta-categories of ethical principles (P) including systematic and transparent inquiry, accordant self-determination, fairness, beneficence and non-maleficence, and reflexive stewardship. Implications for priming ethical awareness, navigating ethical conflicts, and advancing evaluation ethics education and research are discussed.
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Luebcke, Kristina. „INVESTIGATION OF SEGREGATED BUSINESS ETHICS ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON RESULTS OF SERVICE ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY“. Business, Management and Education 8, Nr. 1 (20.12.2010): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2010.10.
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The article deals with interaction of segregated business ethics elements with service enterprises activity. To discover the interaction, business ethics has been differentiated to segregated elements and the influence of the segregated elements for main indexes of enterprises competitiveness discovered by correlation coefficients. Effective mana-gement is inseparable from ethics. The organization of ethical training in the company cannot just “wake” ethical awareness, and also of targeted individuals to shape their activities on matter-of-fact ethical justification, as modern ethics code object principles can be implemented not only for ethical training for staff, but also involving them in the company’s code of ethics for development. The study showed that in Lithuania, so far, very few companies have their own ethic codes and employees not only do not participate in the production, but also little wise twig about their purpose. Calculations showed, that business ethics have direct impact on the corporate profits, it is clear that ethics is only an aid in order to achieve its goal. Although the overall company’s revenue per year has increased substantially, ethical behavior may in itself be evocative. The strongest influence discovered was: commitment compliance with sales results, profit growth, and installation rates of innovations; guarantee of the reliable service information about earnings; infor-mation security assurance and leadership style for company’s image. Also, some problems of implementation of business ethics at service enterprises were discovered.
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KONG, Byung-Hye. „Nursing Ethics during COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the Ethics of Care“. Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 24, Nr. 3 (September 2021): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.2021.24.3.303.
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The ethic of care in nursing presupposes a narrative understanding of patients in vulnerable situations. This ethic has both has both reciprocal and protective ethical dimensions. The ethics of reciprocity guides the relationship between nurses and patients such that each influences the other toward a good life and thereby helps to create an ethical narrative. A protective ethic calls for protecting the patient’s identity and responding to predicaments in which the dignity of the person is threatened. In particular, nurses are sometimes asked to provide existential advocacy for their patients. Moreover, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where patient safety is a top priority, nurses must understand the existential threats facing patients and provide holistic care as existential advocates for patients and their families. However, it may be too much to require constant dedication and sacrifice from nurses. This article argues that it is important to establish an institutional support system for staffing, professional education, and self-care so that nurses can practice holistic care as professionals, rather than as “angels” or “heroes”. The ethics of care can contribute to self-growth and professional development toward a good life for both patients and nurses.
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Sukirno, Zakaria Lantang. „Etika Komunikasi Visual Influencer Pariwisata“. Journal of Tourism and Creativity 4, Nr. 2 (18.09.2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jtc.v4i2.15713.
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In tourism promotion, tourist destination visual attraction becomes a weapon to attract attention for tourism influencers through their social media. But visual ethical problem appears when photograph has been edited or manipulated by them. Thus, “what does visual communication ethic from influencer in tourism promotion like?”. This research based on concepts of utilitarian ethics, visual communication ethics, and tourism visual communication. For its methodology, this research uses positivistic paradigm, descriptive research, and utilitarian ethical evaluation method. Research findings obtained the quantification of harmful consequences and good consequences for tourism influencers photograph manipulation, and two alternative acts for tourism influencers visual communication ethics.
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Wijaya, Aksin, Suwendi Suwendi und Sahiron Syamsuddin. „Observing Islam With Ethics: From Hatred Theology to Religious Ethics“. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) 9, Nr. 1 (29.07.2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v9i1.9538.
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<p>The emergence of religious phenomena that lead certain Muslim groups in Indonesia to spread hatred (religious hate speech) became the primary rationale of this article. This phenomenon occurred because some Muslim groups consider their religious understanding to be the only actual theological truth while ignoring religious ethics in a religiously plural society. Therefore, some questions were raised: Firstly, what is the conceptual structure of Islam? Secondly, what does Islam teach its believers in regards to living together within the Islamic community and living among believers of other different religions? The method of ethics was employed to analyze the two research questions by describing, analyzing, and criticizing the attitude of the Islamic movement, which spreads hatred. From this article, it is expected that Muslims should emphasize not only religious theological but also ethical truth. The findings are as follows: firstly, the conceptual structure of Islam comprises of threefold: Islam, Iman, and Ihsan, which culminate in Ihsan, Sufism, and ethics. Secondly, in regards to becoming a Muslim and embracing it among believers of other religions, Islam essentially relates its religious and theological truth to the religious ethic (the ethic of al-Qur’an), which combines three elements of ethics: God’s, religious, and social ethics. The two latter ethics should always refer to God’s affirmative ethics, for instance, with His Divine attributes of The Most Merciful and Just. God has mercy on human beings and treats all of them justly. Likewise, human beings essentially should do the same in relation to God and fellow human beings.</p>
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LEE, Goeun, Sung-Ho PARK, Hyo-Jin LEE, Su-Bin PARK und Sanghee Kim. „An Integrated Literature Review of Nursing Ethics Research for Nursing Students in Korea (2011-2020)“. Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 24, Nr. 1 (März 2021): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.2021.24.1.59.
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This study was conducted to determine the current state, and future directions, of research on nursing ethics for nursing students in Korea. The study analyzed and evaluated original research articles that explore nursing ethics issues for Korean nursing students using the integrative literature review method proposed by Whittermore and Knafl. Five Korean databases were searched with queries that combined the terms ‘nursing’, ‘student’, ‘ethic’, and ‘moral’. From the 246 articles published between 2011 and September 2020, 92 were finally selected based on the inclusion criteria and data evaluation. According to the analysis, descriptive studies(75.0%) were the most common designs of article and ethics awareness(37.9%) was the most common research topics. The most frequent keywords were ‘bioethics’, ‘ethics’, ‘(moral) sensitivity’, ‘(critical) thinking’, ‘(ethical) value’, ‘education’, and ‘professionalism’. Most of the research instruments used had been developed in previous studies(88.2%), and the types of journals in which the research was published included those in interdisciplinary medical fields(47.8%), nursing(27.2%), and ethics(10.9%). The number of articles per year has been increasing, especially in 2015 and 2018, and interest in ethical issues and professional ethics has also increased since 2015. This article argues that in order to improve the quality of nursing ethic sresearch, related research should be carried out using a variety of research designs on a wider range of topics, and further develop the knowledge specific to nursing.
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Caniago, Indra, Reva Meiliana und Taufik Taufik. „Accountant Ethics: The Role of Islamic Work Ethic as a Solution“. Bukhori: Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 2, Nr. 2 (28.01.2023): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/bukhori.v2i2.1969.
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Purpose: The fraud problem has occurred for a long time, followed by accounting scandals including Enron, Worldcom, Satyam, and Global Crossing. This problem is observed from the problems in accounting ethics. This study reviews the literature on ethical self-regulation in accounting from 1980-2020. The articles referred to are those published in Scopus indexed journals. Various solutions were presented from various articles such as improving regulations and professional ethics, free choice of standards used in accounting methods, perceptions of accountants to ethics education in accountants. All of these suggestions have advantages and disadvantages. This paper offers an Islamic work ethic as a solution to the ethical self-regulation of accountants that has a strong dimension with a backing on the divine aspect. This paper offers an Islamic work ethic as a solution to the ethical self-regulation of accountants that has a strong dimension with a backing on the divine aspect. Method: This paper uses harzing software to compile articles on ethical regulation in accountants from the 1980s to 2020. The articles referred to are those published in Scopus indexed journals. The results of tracing articles found very little data discussing regulations on accounting ethics. After the screening process, only six articles were found to be relevant (Table 1). Table 2 shows that most of the articles are conceptual papers. The rest use survey, qualitative and archival methods. Result: So with various improvement efforts in these various fields, this paper suggests an Islamic work ethic as a solution to the problem of accountant ethics. This ethic can be universally applicable because it involves the individual's relationship with his God. All actions return to intentions that focus on the process, not only on the results. Limitation: The limitation of this article is that it only discusses the aspect of self-regulation. Studies from different aspects will add to the contribution of ethical studies in accounting.
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Congress, Elaine P. „What Social Workers Should Know About Ethics: Understanding and Resolving Ethical Dilemmas“. Advances in Social Work 1, Nr. 1 (30.04.2000): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/124.
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Recognizing ethical issues and dilemmas that arise in professional practice is crucial for social work practitioners, educators, and students. After a discussion about the limited, although growing, literature on social work ethics, the ten main tenets form the most current NASW Code of Ethics are presented. These topics include limits to confidentiality, confidentiality and technology, confidentiality in family and group work, managed care, cultural competence, dual relationships, sexual relationships, impairment and incompetence of colleagues, application to administrators and relevance to social work educators. In addition to understanding the Code of Ethics, social workers can use the ETHIC model of decision making for resolving ethical dilemmas. This easy to use five step process includes examining personal, agency, client, and professional values, thinking about ethical standards and relevant laws, hypothesizing about consequences, identifying the most vulnerable, and consulting with supervisors and colleagues. A case example involving confidentiality, HIV/AIDS and family therapy demonstrates how social workers can use the ETHIC model.
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Fumincelli, Laís, Alessandra Mazzo, José Carlos Amado Martins und Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes. „Quality of life and ethics: A concept analysis“. Nursing Ethics 26, Nr. 1 (15.02.2017): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016689815.
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Background: In health, ethics is an essential aspect of practice and care and guarantees a better quality of life for patients and their caregivers. Objective: To outline a conceptual analysis of quality of life and ethics, identifying attributes, contexts and magnitudes for health. Method: A qualitative design about quality of life and ethics in health, considering the evolutionary approach in order to analyse the concept. To collect the data, a search was done using the keywords ethic*, quality of life and health. After, in total, 152 studies were found, finalizing seven relevant studies for the proposed concept analysis. Findings and discussion: Of seven studies analysed, their main results were shown by means of antecedents, consequences and attributes of the concepts. The three final attributes that synthesize the concept of quality of life and ethics in health were highlighted: Ethics dilemmas and quality of life; Human ethics and quality of life; and Ethics of care and quality of life. In fact, the attributes and context clearly reveal that ethics and quality of life influence the ability to solve ethical dilemmas, guarantee human ethics in healthcare and impact ethics in healthcare for the production of effective health policies and care that encompasses professional quality of life as well. Conclusion: The magnitude of ethical knowledge in each professional discipline permits cultivating a solidary attitude and developing the willingness to improve healthcare. The right to access, dignity and respect in care delivery are rooted in behaviours and are spontaneously applied in practice to the extent that they play an ethical role.
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George, William P. „The Praxis of the Kingdom of God: Ethics in Schillebeeckx' Jesus and Christ“. Horizons 12, Nr. 1 (1985): 44–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900034319.
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AbstractEdward Schillebeeckx' two-volume christological study, Jesus and Christ, offers a rich theological foundation for ethics. Three aspects of this foundation emerge. (1) Ethics is grounded in faith in Jesus the eschatological prophet, where faith means living as he did: “going about doing good” while trusting in God to grant final salvation. Central to this “praxis of the Kingdom” is suffering, a “contrast experience with critical-cum-practical force.” (2) Ethics expresses grace mediated historically in Jesus Christ. The New Testament gives the most reliable access to this mediation and presents ethical models as its expression. Grace and religion are related to ethics, especially through suffering, in a unity-in-tension. Analysis of this relationship helps to clarify Schillebeeckx' position on a specifically Christian ethic. (3) Ethical activity is sacramental, complementary to sacramental liturgy.
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Marangos, John, Nikos Astroulakis und Eirini Triarchi. „The advancement of development ethics“. Panoeconomicus, Nr. 00 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan180518003m.
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An advancement that includes the intellectual history of development ethics is examined in this paper. Relying upon contributions of distinguished scholars, this inquiry considers the intellectual history of the sub-field known as "development ethics". Special attention is paid to the pioneering development ethicist Denis Goulet, recognized as the founder of the field. The paper concentrates on individual contributions on a variety of issues, emphasizing linkages to Goulet?s conception of tasks, methods and normative principles. Students of international development can benefit from this distinctive perspective where ethics is integrated into economic development, disclosing an enlightened perspective of an ethical developing world. Overall, the goal is to establish development ethics as an important subcategory of development economics in regards with its ethical aspects and one which deserves greater attention from economists and development studies scholars.
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Morley, Georgina, Ellen M. Robinson und Lucia D. Wocial. „Operationalizing the role of the nurse ethicist: More than a job“. Nursing Ethics 30, Nr. 5 (August 2023): 688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09697330221147898.
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The idea of a role in nursing that includes expertise in ethics has been around for more than 30 years. Whether or not one subscribes to the idea that nursing ethics is separate and distinct from bioethics, nursing practice has much to contribute to the ethical practice of healthcare, and with the strong grounding in ethics and aspiration for social justice considerations in nursing, there is no wonder that the specific role of the nurse ethicist has emerged. Nurse ethicists, expert in nursing practice and the application of ethical theories and concepts, are well positioned to guide nurses through complex ethical challenges. However, there is limited discussion within the field regarding the specific job responsibilities that the nurse ethicist ought to have. The recent appearance of job postings with the title “nurse ethicist” suggest that some healthcare institutions have identified the value of a nurse in the practice of ethics and are actively recruiting. Discomfort about the possibility of others defining the role of the nurse ethicist inspired this paper (and special issue). If the nurse ethicist is to be seen as an integral part of addressing ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts that arise in healthcare, then nurse ethicists ought to be at the forefront of defining this role. In this paper, we draw upon our own experiences as nurse ethicists in large academic healthcare systems to describe the essential elements that ought to be addressed in a job description for a nurse ethicist practicing in a clinical setting linked to academic programs. Drawing upon our experience and the literature, we describe how we perceive the nurse ethicist adds value to healthcare organizations and teams of professional ethicists.
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Olthuis, James H. „Face-to-face: Ethical asymmetry or the symmetry of mutuality?“ Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 25, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1996): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842989602500406.
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Emmanuel Levinas's insistence on the ethical priority of the other is vulnerable to being misread as a plea for selflessness and self-sacrifice. The author suggests an alternative ethics of non-hierarchical mutuality in which "substitution" and self-sacrifice are seen not as the heart of ethics, but as an emergency compromise ethic because of the breakdown of mutuality.
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Hilliard, Victor G. „Beyond the Confines of Compliance and Virtue: Honing a Set of Global Ethics for South Africa and the United States of America“. Public Administration Quarterly 25, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2002): 436–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073491490202500404.
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Another practical frontier of ethics is global ethics which this article examines in terms of South Africa and the United States of America. Both nations wish to entrench ethics and ethical behaviour in their societies in general and their public sectors in particular. The author devoted special attention to the notion of a global ethic as a possible alternative approach to embedding ethical behaviour in the two countries. Notwithstanding the glaring differences between the USA and South Africa in terms of socioeconomic development, few can dispute the need for an ethical society in both nations. He argues that the proper yardstick to judge American and South Africa's morality will be, or should be, a global one, especially if South Africa, just as the USA, hopes to compete on a global scale for trade, investment, and other types of bilateral or multilateral agreements. There is a need for a trans-cultural corporate ethic which is a business and governmental ethic that is acceptable across the borders, traverses and transcends nations and nationalities. A huge development in post-apartheid South Africa is the focus on th global ethics that is a honing and refining of a set of “universal” ethics for the “new” South Africa (Hilliard and Kemp, 2000c). South Africa is now functioning and doing business in a global environment; since 1994 it has once more gained legitimacy in the international arena. In the wake of large-scale globalisation of all facets of human endeavour, speculating about the need for universal, global or cosmic values and norms is appropriate. If judged by international development, South Africa may, consequently, not want to be isolated from
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Nardin, Terry. „International ethics and international law“. Review of International Studies 18, Nr. 1 (Januar 1992): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118728.
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In this paper I am going to argue a familiar but still controversial thesis about the relation between international ethics and international law, which I would sum up in the following list of propositions:First, international law is a source as well as an object of ethical judgements. The idea of legality or the rule of law is an ethical one, and international law has ethical significance because it gives institutional expression to the rule of law in international relations.Secondly, international law—or, more precisely, the idea of the rule of law in international relations—reflects a rule-oriented rather than outcome-oriented ethic of international affairs. By insisting on the priority of rules over outcomes, this ethic rejects consequentialism in all its forms.
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Singer, Peter. „Neither human nor natural: ethics and feral animals“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, Nr. 1 (1997): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96060.
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There are three major ethical approaches to issues affecting nonhuman animals and the natural environment: an anthropocentric ethic, an ethic of concern for all sentient beings, and a biocentric approach. The ethic of concern for all sentient beings is the most defensible basis for resolving conflicts between the interests of humans and wild animals. There is no ethical basis for discounting the suffering of an animal simply because that being is a member of a different species. On the other hand, it is certainly true that human and nonhuman animals differ in their capacities, and this does make a difference to the ethics of what we may do to them, including rendering them infertile. Since ethics is not a matter of adhering to absolute rules, but rather of doing what will have best consequences, given the constraints under which we act, the ethics of using a specific method of fertility control for feral animals will depend on what other methods are being used, or will be used, if the given method is not available. It will also depend on the consequences of not using any method of controlling the population of the animals.
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Juujärvi, Soile, Kirsi Ronkainen und Piia Silvennoinen. „The ethics of care and justice in primary nursing of older patients“. Clinical Ethics 14, Nr. 4 (19.09.2019): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750919876250.
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While the ethic of care has generally been regarded as an appropriate attitude for nurses, it has not received equal attention as a mode of ethical problem solving. The primary nursing model is expected to be aligned with the ethic of care because it emphases the nurse–patient relationship and enables more independent role for nurses in decision-making. The aim of this study was to examine nurses’ ethical decision-making in the context of primary nursing. Participants were seven nurses, and one physiotherapist from a geriatric rehabilitation unit of a public hospital in Finland. Data were collected through focus group interviews and qualitatively analyzed through Lyons’ coding scheme for moral orientations. The results showed that primary nurses employ empathic understanding and particularistic thinking when building relationships with patients and their families, and when assessing their needs for coping at home after discharge. Most ethical conflicts were related to discharge and were solved through balancing the ethics of care and justice considerations. It is concluded that care and justice are integrated in nurses’ everyday ethical decision-making. The ethic of care nurtures good patient–nurse relationships, while the ethic of justice is needed to address the fair delivery of care in the context of an aging population and diminishing public resources. Both ethics should be acknowledged in clinical practices and included in ethics education.
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Stengel, K. „Ethics as Style: Wittgenstein's Aesthetic Ethics and Ethical Aesthetics“. Poetics Today 25, Nr. 4 (01.12.2004): 609–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-25-4-609.
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Choi, Woosok. „Understanding the Complementary Relation between Duty Ethics and Virtue Ethics for Medical Practitioners*“. Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 23, Nr. 1 (März 2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.2020.23.1.39.
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This paper examines the ethics of medical professionals and argues that both duty ethics and virtue ethics are required of them. It is argued that Aristotle’s virtue ethics, which emphasizes practical excellence, does not conflict with Kant’s duty ethics, which holds that ethical conduct is justified on the basis of universal rules; instead, these two approaches to ethics are in fact complementary. The validity of this argument is found in the writings of E. Pellegrino, who believes that medical practitioners are necessarily ethical and that ethical practice is based on two things. First, according to Pellegrino, physicians must respond to the suffering of patients. The reason for this comes from our duty to uphold the dignified right of all human beings to be respected without exception and also from Kant’s categorical imperative, which demands that people be treated as ends-in-themselves rather than simply means to an end. Second, if the dignity of all human beings is important, then the dignity, not only of patients, but also that of medical practitioners, must be upheld. Pellegrino proposes virtue ethics, which requires excellence for the purpose of goodness, as a way of preserving human dignity. Thus, the relationship between physicians and patients should be embodied in the best practical wisdom on the basis of defending universal rules. It is the attitude of the practitioner to respond to the needs of the patient, and this response must be implemented with practical wisdom and respect between the practitioner and the patient. In the end, the professional ethics of Pellegrino is a virtue ethic that embraces duty ethics. According to Pellegrino, a physician’s medical practice is a defense of human dignity and a realization of a better life for individuals and communities. Thus, what is required of medical practitioners is both the categorical imperative and practical wisdom (phron?sis).
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Apriliana, Evita, Mahfud Junaedi und Ikhrom Ikhrom. „ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND THE GLOBAL ETHICS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TOWARDS PEACE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA“. LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan 17, Nr. 1 (27.06.2023): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v17i1.83-97.
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The world has many problems, economic interests, chaos, and wars. Man needs a binder to prevent man (countries) from being able to do something that only benefits himself and harms others. Thus, global ethics as a minimalist ethic is needed in this world. The goal is that there be peace and order. This article aims to construct an idea of creating peaceful education through Islamic Religious Education with a global ethical perspective. This research confirms that the main points of global ethics are relevant to Islamic religious education in Indonesia regarding Islamic teachings and Government Regulations. The integration of global ethics in Islamic Religious Education can be implemented in Indonesia. On the other hand, there are challenges to integrating global ethics in learning; how can teachers provide students with an understanding of the universal values of global ethics in Indonesia context of a plural society? The leading global ethics precepts must be included in the Islamic religious education curriculum at the basic, secondary, and higher levels. This study is devoted to developing a rudimentary idea of Islamic religious education from a global ethical standpoint. As a result, additional research on Islamic religious education from a global ethical viewpoint is required.
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Collins, Adela Yarbro. „Ethics in Paul and Paul in Ethics“. Journal of Biblical Literature 142, Nr. 1 (15.03.2023): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1421.2023.1b.
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Abstract This address begins with a discussion of ethical reasoning in Paul’s letters. The unsystematic character of his ethical discourse and its variety are emphasized. The second part is a comparison of Paul’s ethical discourse with two recent approaches, the ecclesial ethics of Stanley Hauerwas and the discourse ethics of Jürgen Habermas. The third part is a consideration of feminist and womanist ethics as approaches that fundamentally challenge Paul’s ethical reasoning in terms of its authority and usefulness for white women and black women. The conclusion includes the observation that discourse ethics, feminist ethics, and womanist ethics are promising approaches for appropriating Paul’s ethics today because they all take up an important theme in Paul’s letters: the importance of dealing with conflict while maintaining difference.
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Reed, M. G., und O. Slaymaker. „Ethics and Sustainability: A Preliminary Perspective“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, Nr. 5 (Mai 1993): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250723.
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Geographers or students of human — environment relations have an important role to play in addressing the questions and issues associated with environmental sustainability. It is the authors' thesis that a central weakness in geography's response to environmental problems and to issues of sustainability is the lack of engagement with questions of ethics. An overall ethic of care, respect, and responsibility is proposed. Within this overarching framework, it is suggested that the society — environment relation may be a scale-dependent problem set, with a separate expression of environmental ethics associated with each scale. For example, an ethic appropriate at the planetary scale may differ from that which is pertinent at the local scale. This argument is advanced through examples from religious and secular interpretations of human — environment relations. In a preliminary way, both moral and technical issues associated with different ethical positions are raised and geographers are challenged to consider and debate their implications. It is concluded that without explicit environmental ethical premises, the sustainability debate is indeterminate.
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Wegener, Stephen T. „The rehabilitation ethic and ethics.“ Rehabilitation Psychology 41, Nr. 1 (1996): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.41.1.5.
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Purnama, Fahmi Farid. „Mengurai Polemik Abadi Absolutisme dan Relativisme Etika“. Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses 1, Nr. 2 (28.11.2018): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v1i2.1731.
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Arthur Schopenhauer described teaching morality is not as difficult as giving bases its foundations. As the hope of humanity, the base of ethics is something that always aspired to every thinker. But the base of universal ethics and without contradiction is impossible to achieve. In the development of the ethics in such a complicated, especially related to the complexity of ethical relativism and absolutism among ethical—in fact—become an endless polemic among philosophers. By basing on the differences of culture, proponents of relativism presup- poses a moral basis ' without basis ' (groundless ethic). While the absolutist trying to affirm a moral basis which is released from the actual situation as well as the limits of his humanity.
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Stolt, Minna, Helena Leino-Kilpi, Minka Ruokonen, Hanna Repo und Riitta Suhonen. „Ethics interventions for healthcare professionals and students: A systematic review“. Nursing Ethics 25, Nr. 2 (10.04.2017): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017700237.
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Background: The ethics and value bases in healthcare are widely acknowledged. There is a need to improve and raise awareness of ethics in complex systems and in line with competing needs, different stakeholders and patients’ rights. Evidence-based strategies and interventions for the development of procedures and practice have been used to improve care and services. However, it is not known whether and to what extent ethics can be developed using interventions. Objectives: To examine ethics interventions conducted on healthcare professionals and healthcare students to achieve ethics-related outcomes. Research design: A systematic review. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Philosopher’s Index, PubMed and PsycINFO. We searched for published articles written in English without a time limit using the keywords: ethic* OR moral* AND intervention OR program OR pre-post OR quasi-experimental OR rct OR experimental AND nurse OR nursing OR health care. In the four-phased retrieval process, 23 full texts out of 4675 citations were included in the review. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis. Ethical consideration: This systematic review was conducted following good scientific practice in every phase. Findings: It is possible to affect the ethics of healthcare practices through professionals and students. All the interventions were educational in type. Many of the interventions were related to the ethical or moral sensitivity of the professionals, such as moral courage and empowerment. A few of the interventions focused on identifying ethical problems or research ethics. Conclusion: Patient-related outcomes followed by organisational outcomes can be improved by ethics interventions targeting professionals. Such outcomes are promising in developing ethical safety for healthcare patients and professionals.