Dissertationen zum Thema „État de stress post-traumatique – Danse“
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Cedile, Elisabeth. „Etude évolutive de la dissociation péri-traumatique chez des victimes confrontées au Réel de la mort dans le cadre d'actes terroristes“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research studied the psychological evolution of nine direct victims of the terrorist attacks that struck Paris in 2015 and whose symptoms were, at first glance, atypical, or even non-existent. While the symptomatologies of post-traumatic stress disorder are commonly recognised, both by carers and legal bodies involved in physical injury compensation, peri and post-traumatic dissociative disorders, when they are identified, are never perceived as anything other than periods of latency, predicting future severe post-traumatic stress disorder.The psychological evolution of the nine direct victims lacking apparent typical symptoms was thus studied based on the content of clinical interviews carried out three months and eighteen months after the attacks, backed by two assessments using the PCLS rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder. This study has enabled us to show that with some subjects the confrontation with the real of death occurred in such violence that it triggered archaic defence mechanisms, such as denial of the dread as described by Lebigot (2005) then splitting, and not the typical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder. With two-thirds of the subjects, it was shown that reassociation through language and a return to the process of symbolisation were still possible, without a pathologic breakdown, by respecting a slow progression towards the formulation of the trauma as part of continuous and substantiated therapeutic relationships. However, with one third of subjects the permanence of such clinical presentations, i.e. asymptomatic for two of them or characterised by dissociative amnesia for one of them, made it impossible to determine the adaptive and non-pathological character of such dissociative mechanisms. Nevertheless, the combined results show there is a need to learn more about the meaning, identification and function of these mechanisms which are not always identified, precisely because of their cause which excludes all ability on the part of victims to express themselves, but which nonetheless require that appropriate treatment be offered
El-Hage, Wissam. „Troubles de la mémoire et de l'apprentissage dans la pathologie post-traumatique“. Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research includes 2 parts. Validation of an animal model of traumatic stress: unique unavoidable exposure of mouse to its natural predator (cat) during 5min. In exposed mice: The comparison of 9 strains showed 3 distinct groups in behavioral reactivity; Turnover rates of cerebral monoamines were increased in hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum; Repeated administration of fluoxetine abolished avoidance of the cat feces, without effect of diazepam;. At short term, learning impairments (J2-3) ameliorated by fluoxetine (not by diazepam); At long term, increased startle reflex (J7), decreased anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze (J18), initially increased locomotor activity (J11) and subsequently decreased locomotor activity (J29-36), learning disabilities in the radial maze (J16-22) and in the spatial configuration of objects recognition test (J26-28). Assessing trauma-related impairments of working memory and executive functions in traumatized patients (33) vs control (30). We found trauma-related impairments of processing speed, executive functions, short-term memory and working memory (processing speed mediation)
Charretier, Laura. „Mémoire et conscience de soi dans le Trouble de stress post-traumatique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImpaired emotional memory is considered the central mechanism of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This alteration can be explained by the impairment of components of self-awareness during traumatic exposure and in the longer term. Although individual memory processes are documented and recognized in PTSD, understanding their link to individual and collective self-awareness remains poorly understood. As part of the "13-November Program", the aim of this thesis work is to better characterize the factors involved in the link between memory and self-awareness over time in PTSD. In this work, we propose a model of the involvement of agency (the feeling of control) on representations associated with self, others, and the world over time in PTSD. At the cognitive level, our results show that PTSD has a negative influence 1) on the narration of traumatic experience and past controlling self-image, 2) on communication skills and social interaction with loved ones, and 3) on controlling self-representation in the future world. At the clinical level, this thesis work has led to the creation of an information guide on PTSD. We propose that participants in the "13-November Program", exposed to the attacks of November 13, 2015, co-create this guide by evaluating its content, form, and conditions of dissemination. This thesis work provides a better understanding of the individual's memetic and identity characteristics of resilience, and more broadly of the relational and societal systems in which they evolve
Berna, Guillaume. „Rôle de la régulation émotionnelle dans les psychotraumatismes : mesures auto-rapportées et physiologiques“. Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to explore the links between emotion regulation (ER) mecanisms and type 1 and 2 psychotrauma. We also investigate physiological marker of those ER processes and the potential disturbances caused by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and adverse life events (complex trauma). Three studies were carried out. The first study assesses some predictors of the development of a complete or subsyndromic PTSD following a motor vehicule accident. Results reveal that more than one quarter of the sample exhibits subsyndromic PTSD and 7.7% was diagnosed with complete PTSD. Among several variables, the strongest predictor is the perceived life threat. Also, strong correlations are observed between 1) peritraumatic distress and persistent re-experiencing or hyperarousal and 2) dissociation score and avoidance strategy. The second study evaluates Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as a potential biomarker of emotion regulation difficulties (ERD) in a non-clinical population. Results for the low ERD group show that HRV decreases from baseline to elicitation and then increases from elicitation to recovery (no difference between recovery and baseline levels). This adapatative sympato-excitatory pattern is altered in the high ERD group in which HRV do not increase from elicitation to recovery. Those data suggests that HRV could be an unbiased biomarker of ERD. The last study examines the effects of complex trauma (CT) on several emotional processes. ERD and somatoform dissociation best discrimate between CT and control teenagers. Moreover, physiological measures show that HRV level at rest is lower in CT than control and typical sympato-excitatory response is not observed in CT contrary to control group. Regressions analyses further reveal that the lack of emotional awareness predicts HRV level at baseline whereas the level of depression best predicts phasic HRV decrease. Added to greater errors in the subjective assessment of emotional stimuli in the CT group, adverse life events seem to disrupt processes involved in the labelling of emotions and intensity as well as psychological and physiological processes linked to ER. These results which confirm the importance of ERD in psychotrauma are discussed in regard to contemporary literature in order to suggest some specific therapeutic approaches
Hugues, Sandrine. „Rôle de la plasticité synaptique préfrontale dans la modulation de l'extinction de la peur conditionnelle chez le rat“. Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoisel-Fleuriot, Louise. „Habiletés de prévision affective et expérience émotionnelle dans le trouble de stress post-traumatique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS082.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur after exposure to a traumatic event involving the risk of death, severe injuries, or sexual violence. Individuals with PTSD experience uncontrollable reminders of the traumatic event, such as flashbacks or nightmares, leading to psychological distress and actively avoiding any reminders of the event. Neurocognitive models of PTSD and the most commonly used therapeutic approaches primarily focus on these symptoms. However, beyond the emotional impact associated with the traumatic experience, the emotional experience of individuals with PTSD is profoundly altered. They endure persistent negative emotions and have difficulty experiencing positive emotions, along with pessimistic anticipations about the future. Yet, our understanding of these emotional challenges, whether in the present or in future projections, remains extremely limited, impeding our ability to comprehend PTSD as a whole and provide appropriate care.This thesis aimed to explore the abilities of individuals with PTSD to experience emotional situations in the present and predict their emotions in the future. It had three main aims: (i) to synthesize current knowledge about emotional experiences in PTSD in response to affective stimuli, (ii) to develop a new experimental paradigm that examines both affective forecasting and emotional experience, and (iii) to apply this paradigm to individuals with PTSD.To address the first goal, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA criteria. We identified 33 articles that examined the brain, physiological, behavioral, and/or subjective correlates associated with the processing of affective stimuli in PTSD. Although the data showed some heterogeneity, the results of this review indicated that individuals with PTSD exhibit changes in brain activity, particularly in sensory networks and anterior regions associated with affective evaluation. Furthermore, subjective data revealed a pronounced tendency to evaluate stimuli more negatively, including those unrelated to the trauma.To address our second goal, we employed an experimental paradigm involving 30 healthy subjects to assess affective forecasting abilities and emotional experiences while measuring associated physiological reactivity (heart rate and electrodermal activity). Our results confirm the tendency of individuals to anticipate more extreme emotional responses to emotional scenarios compared to what they actually experience when exposed to them.For our final goal, we used the same paradigm to compare patients with PTSD (n=30) to healthy individuals exposed (n=28) or unexposed (n=28) to a traumatic event. Our findings indicate heightened negative anticipation and experience in emotional situations, and more arousal in neutral situations among individuals with PTSD.This work provides novel data regarding PTSD by suggesting the presence of a negative filter during the processing of affective information, even if unrelated to the trauma, which affects both the present experience and future projections of the patients. The experimental paradigm developed offers many research perspectives, including the study of neurocognitive mechanisms, both in PTSD and in the general population. Identification of the factors that influence changes in affective functioning in this disorder will optimize therapeutic interventions
Leroy, Arnaud. „Étude du réseau de saillance dans la survenue des expériences intrusives dans la schizophrénie et le psychotrauma Reward anticipation in schizophrenia: a coordinate-based meta-analysis fMRI capture of auditory hallucinations: Validation of the two-steps method“. Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUS018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a sensorially complex world, human beings need to efficiently and effectively filter and respond to relevant stimuli. Stimuli are prioritized according to their saliency. Especially, the salience network is readily identified as an intrinsically connected large-scale network including prominent nodes as the anterior insula, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the amygdala, the ventral striatum, and the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area. The salience network not only plays an important role in saliency detection and reactivity but also facilitates access to attention and working memory resources once a salient event has been detected. Stress reactions have been previously linked to activation of the salience network. Moreover, network models are now being widely used to characterize deficits in a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. These studies have provided evidence for prominent salience network dysfunctions in frontotemporal dementia, mood and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, drug addiction, or pain. Especially, the role of the salience network in intrusive experiences has been suggested, during hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia, and more recently, during re-experiencing in patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorders. The goal of the present thesis is to improve knowledge about the role of the salience network in intrusive thoughts in these two disorders. In a first part, we studied the role of the salience network in hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. In a second part, we studied its role in re-experiencing in post-traumatic stress disorder. In a coordinate-based meta-analysis, we explored the neural bases of salience in schizophrenia, focusing on reward processing. We showed that the hypoactivation of the ventral striatum found in patients with schizophrenia during such tasks was correlated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Furthermore, several ‘trait’ and ‘state’ studies found that the salience network has a modulatory function in the occurrence of hallucinatory experiences. In a second study, we thus validated a method for hallucinations’ capture, making possible the comparison between the time-course of brains areas overactivated during these experiences and conventional resting-state networks, which is a mandatory step for the study of the dynamic role of the salience network during hallucinations. Finally, in a third study, we explored the role of insular cortex in re-experiencing symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorders, and especially its role in response to pre-reactivation propranolol therapy. The neural bases of treatment-response are indeed still poorly understood, notably via effective connectivity analysis. We showed that the anterior insula exerted causal influences over the brain which correlate with reexperiencing in post-traumatic stress disorder. These studies pave the way for future developments. Especially, improvement in the knowledge about the physiopathology of intrusive experiences, both in schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder, are important to develop re-experiencing capture methods, and for the development of personalized medicine in these two disorders
Wafa, Mohammad Hashim. „Identification des facteurs biopsychosociaux prédictif du trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les patients admis dans le service d’urgence après un traumatisme“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the most serious sequels of a traumatic exposure, is a chronic anxiety disorder that interrupts normal psychosocial functioning of the person. Even though 60.7% of all men and 51.2% of all women encounter traumatic event(s), only 8% of these men and 20% of these women meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD. A number of well-documented risk factors predispose the individual for developing PTSD. In addition to the biopsychosocial characteristics of the person, the risk factors entail particular features of the index trauma. Trauma chronicity and severity, female gender, decreased social support, childhood adversities, pretrauma mental problem, alcohol or substance abuse and acute stress disorder are examples of the vulnerability factors. To measure sensitivity and specificity of these factors in terms of detecting population at risk of developing PTSD, we conducted the following two-step prospective multisite cohort study in five emergency departments of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. The first multisite cross-sectional study have measured level of acute stress and prevalence of moderate and high risk of developing PTSD among patients visiting EDs in the aftermath of a recent trauma. The second study had a prospective cohort design and aimed at determining biopsychosocial predictors of 3-month PTSD in a randomly selected sample of the first cross-sectional study subjects. Additionally, we measured prevalence of dissociative experiences at inclusion, along with the consequences and comorbidities of PTSD at 3 months
Dumas, Louise-Émilie. „Les cognitions sensorielle, émotionnelle et sociale dans les troubles de perception et le trouble de stress post traumatique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: Sensory, emotional and social cognition represent the processing of internal and external information required by the subject to adapt to the environment. A psycho-trauma is defined as an event that threatens the physical and psychological integrity of an individual, and acts as a sudden and intense intrusion of the cognitive system exposed to danger. This psycho-traumatic intrusion leads to sensory, emotional and social cognitive damage, caused by alterations in the neuromodulation system of the brain structures affected. These cognitive sequelae give rise to the post-traumatic symptoms that constitute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including perceptual disorders. PTSD is also associated with other comorbid psychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders. Our work proposes the hypothesis of a "cascade" clinical understanding of psycho-trauma. It supports the idea that sensory, emotional and social cognition articulate with each other and with the environment, and participate in the evolution of the continuum between psycho-trauma and psychotic disorder.Methods: The aim of our research is to study the role of sensory, emotional and social cognition in post-traumatic perceptual disorders. This work is illustrated by two prospective, longitudinal 6-month clinical research studies. PROJECT 1: Identification of markers of emotional and social cognition associated with acoustic-verbal hallucinations (AVH) in the general pediatric population, then in the clinical pediatric population with PTSD. PROJECT 2: Impact of persistent post-Covid-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experience and anxiety and depression dimensions in an adult population.Results: PROJECT 1: The study, carried out in a general pediatric population, included 40 patients (30 girls, 10 boys) with a mean age of 12.8 years. Negative emotions (sadness, fear, anger) were significantly found in the group with persistent AVH at 6 months. Persistent AVH were significantly associated with the diagnosis of PTSD (p=0.01). The study conducted in a clinical pediatric population with PTSD included 31 patients (25 girls, 6 boys) with a mean age of 12.9 years. Negative emotions (patient guilt and maliciousness of HAV) were significantly associated and correlated with persistence of HAV. Negative emotions (disgust, fear and anger, and diagnoses of depression and anxiety) were also associated with PTSD persistence at 6 months. The persistence of HAV was significantly associated with the emergence of a diagnosis of psychotic disorder at 6 months (p=0.01). PROJECT 2: The study included 56 patients with a mean age of 39 (33 women, 23 men). Olfactory disorders were significantly associated and correlated with negative emotions (quality of life, loss of pleasure). Patients with sensory distortion (parosmia, phantosmia) were more significantly impacted emotionally than patients with no sensory perception (anosmia). Although they "objectively" recovered their sense of smell on the psychophysical test, patients who "subjectively" perceived the persistence of an olfactory disorder responded to PTSD symptoms and were more emotionally impacted (quality of life, loss of pleasure, anxiety and depression).Conclusion: Sensory and emotional cognitions are significantly linked after a traumatic event. Their articulation contributes to the onset and maintenance of perceptual disorders. They are also involved in the development of post-traumatic clinical symptoms, PTSD and other associated psychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders. The evolution of post-traumatic symptoms requires a dimensional reading for a better clinical understanding, preventive monitoring of risk factors for poor psychiatric evolution, and a therapeutic proposal targeting sensory and emotional cognition
Soncin, Lisa Dounia. „Trouble de stress post-traumatique dans les épilepsies pharmaco-résistantes de l'adulte : Vers un modèle multidimensionnel de la psychoépileptogénèse“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEpilepsy can give rise to various comorbid psychiatric disorders, notably generalized anxiety disorder and depression, which exert a more detrimental impact on quality of life than the seizures themselves. It has been demonstrated that epilepsy alone cannot fully account for the extent of psychiatric comorbidity, primarily associated with early traumatic exposures. The primary objective of this PhD is to investigate traumatic exposure and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Five studies were conducted to achieve these goals: (1) We report, for the first time, that patients with DRE exhibit significantly more PTSD symptoms compared to control participants. Subsequently, we describe the specificity of the clinical presentation of PTSD and psychological trauma in epilepsy, emphasizing an association between these symptoms and the subjective semiological manifestations experienced during epileptic attacks. (2) As a follow-up to the initial study, we sought to determine whether the prevalence of PTSD is linked to epilepsy or living with a chronic disease. We compared traumatic exposure, PTSD, psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and emotional regulation between patients with epilepsy and two groups with other chronic diseases: type 1 diabetes (1TD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients with epilepsy reported significantly higher exposure, more PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, dissociation, as well as poorer quality of life and greater difficulties with emotional regulation than both other groups. Additionally, we explored the voluntary capacity (perceived control) that patients can exert over their disease symptoms and investigated the extent to which these capacities may be impacted by psychiatric symptoms and PTSD, as well as fostered by the ability to regulate one's emotions. (3) To further understand the PTSD-DRE association, in addition to the semiological studies, we examined associated cognitive aspects, particularly focusing on the perceived control of epileptic seizures. We demonstrate the involvement of cognitive control and perceived control influenced by PTSD and dissociation symptoms. Notably, hypervigilance was found to promote seizure control with patients having PTSD reporting better success in avoiding seizures than those without PTSD. (4) To explore the PTSD-DRE association at the cerebral level, we studied metabolic responses using Positron Emission Tomography (PETScan) from patients with drug-resistant temporal epilepsy (tDRE). Our data revealed right medial temporal hypometabolism in patients with a complex traumatic history and PTSD symptoms. (5) Subsequently, we analyzed functional connectivity (FC) using Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) in patients with tDRE (temporal drug-resistant epilepsy) with and without PTSD, showing an increase in FC in patients with PTSD in the hemisphere where the epileptogenic zone is located and a corresponding decrease in the opposite hemisphere. This suggests a physiological association between PTSD and epilepsy. The results of this PhD work are groundbreaking and original in understanding PTSD associated with epilepsy and potentially extend to a broader understanding of chronic diseases. We propose a model of PTSD in the DRE as a synthesis of all this research work, introducing the concept of psychoepileptogenic, which signifies the association between intense stress (PTSD) and epilepsy by integrating semiological, cognitive, and cerebral aspects supporting this association
Tomaszewski, Crystal. „Danse-thérapie dans la prise en charge psychothérapeutique de femmes victimes de violences sexuelles, issues d'un parcours migratoire : étude comparative longitudinale et évaluation thérapeutique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, there is an international interest in challenging the psychological and sexual violence experienced by women. Victims of violence, and particularly women, are more likely to suffer from physical and mental health issues. They also face more sexual violences alongside its highly traumatic impact. When systemic and clinical factors do not let these women access the usual mental health care support, the development of innovative therapeutic approaches can be an efficient alternative. LOBA association has developed the “RECRÉATION program”, a dance as therapy workshop.This present research in clinical psychology evaluates the therapeutic effects of the RECRÉATION program. This research focuses on the processes related to trauma, sexual violence, individual attachment strategies, empowerment, somatically expressed disorders and its associated symptoms. Finally, a specific interest is also devoted to the connection between the mind and the body.Method: Three methods of research are associated. Quantitative data (n=2 groups, N=26) were collected through scientifically validated self-questionnaires (PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, body image, quality of life, social support, social relationships, symptoms of psychiatric pathologies, mentalization and attachment). Clinical interviews were conducted with N=3 women not receiving the RECREATION program. We also carried out clinical observations with four groups benefiting from the RECRÉATION program (n=4; N=40). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals (N=19) and the RECRÉATION participants (N=15). Data saturation was obtained.Results: The RECRÉATION dance therapy workshops contribute to reducing anxiety symptoms, general emotional distress, and general symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly neurovegetative hyperactivity. They also improve overall self-perception, influence the perception of physical health, and initiate improvements in trust and understanding of others.Longitudinal qualitative data highlighted individual factors that either facilitated or hindered the therapeutic process, such as mentalization capacities, attachment strategies, and identity construction. A psychodynamic and psychoanalytic approach is essential for identifying the negative aspects of trauma and maintaining the therapeutic alliance. Thematic analysis revealed a high level of acceptance and appreciation of dance therapy (DcT) among both professionals and participants, with beneficial effects noted in relation to specific support and therapeutic goals. Aside from the reduction in PTSD symptoms, professionals effectively identified the challenges faced by participants.Discussion: Intersectional positioning and institutional psychotherapy are essential for the management of our population of interest. Furthermore, the improvement of psychological trauma is extensively explored through the lens of PTSD. A psychodynamic and psychoanalytic exploration is beneficial for the orientation and clinical management of patients. Finally, dance therapy is a therapeutic tool which can not only enrich the existing care offerings but, especially for our population of interest, serve as an entry point into psychotherapy.Clinical, Practical, and Scientific Perspectives: To further the development of dance therapy, future research should focus on variables specific to the target populations and clinical issues of interest. Continuing existing research will strengthen the case for dance therapy and provide a more precise argument for its therapeutic efficacy. Finally, it is necessary to deepen and sustain the psychodynamic and psychoanalytic approach in the treatment of PTSD, trauma, and the negative aspects of trauma
Trehel, Gilles. „Le traumatisme dans l'œuvre de Freud et son contexte historique“. Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the concept of traumatism in all its forms on more than fifty years. The period runs from 1885-1886 to 1939, beginning when Freud is encountering people suffering from "masculine hysteric-neurasthenia", using the Charcot's term, or "traumatic neurosis", using the Thomsen and Oppenheim's term, to the Freud's death in a London submitted to daily bombardments. The notion of traumatism is encountered by Freud before the notion of psychoanalysis and contributes to its creation. It is going to set up as the cornerstone of the theoretical structure and to define the evolutions of psychoanalysis in two directions. On the one hand, the notion of traumatism enriches the scope of psychoanalysis as for instance the study of war traumatic neuroses, on the other hand, it weakens the psychoanalysis by contributing to the scissions between researchers, as for instance the conflicts concerning importance of traumatic seduction
Nachon, Ophélie. „Étude translationnelle de la "rechute" dans l'état de stress post-traumatique : prévention et prédiction du déficit de rappel de l'extinction de la peur conditionnée, chez le rongeur et chez l'humain“. Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConsequences of a potentially traumatic event may be different depending on the person affected. While most of the people will recover after the event, others will develop a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure therapy is one of the best treatments of this disorder and is based on fear extinction training. However, both conditioned fear response and psychotraumatic symptoms may appear again some time after the end of the therapy. Combining fundamental and clinical research, this thesis is aimed at investigating how activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex may be related to indicators of prediction and prevention of the return of fear. A consequent objective is to highlight some new possibilities to prevent relapse.Our rat experiments showed that high frequency stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex reduces the likelihood of return of fear responses. Our experiments with human, with or without post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, revealed several physiological, cognitive, clinical and socio-demographic predictors.Moreover, we found interpersonal differences that allowed us to characterize qualitative profiles.To sum up, our work demonstrates that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is involved in multiple ways in the recall of fear extinction. From a clinical perspective, our findings provide suggestions for an innovative development of tools capable to detect individual tendencies to have some deficit in fear extinction recall. This study has, thus, important implications in improving prevention of relapse in post-traumatic stress disorder
Vaillant-Ciszewicz, Anne-Julie. „Les stimulations bilatérales alternées dans la prise en charge des troubles du comportement de la personne âgée en EHPAD : Usage d’une technique de la psychothérapie EMDR en gérontologie“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany scientific studies validate the effectiveness of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy for the treatment of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, DSM-5). The EMDR is developing an adaptive treatment of information that is established thanks to the specificity of its protocol in eight phases (Shapiro, 1989) and the action of Alternate Bilateral Stimulations (SBA). The therapeutic field of EMDR continues to expand towards mood disorders, phobias, addictions, chronic pain and health field (cancer announcement). Today, many EMDR protocols exist for children (Lovett, 1999), for people with intellectual deficits (Mevissen, Lievegoed, Seubert-Jongh, 2011), but little literature is interested in the elderly with major cognitive impairments. Hyer (1995) reports only clinical cases of EMDR sessions performed with patients with mild cognitive impairment. Amano et al., (2015) are the only researchers to have written a " nursing home field " protocol for severe cognitive impairment. Objective : The study of the University Hospital of Nice aims to establish a non-drug therapeutic method borrowed from EMDR with the aim of reducing behavioral disorders type verbal agitation in the elderly subject in nursing homes with major cognitive disorders. The management of emotions in the context of neurocognitive pathologies is in deficit in the same way as the medical processes. The symptoms of PTSD and those induced by dementia are similar: anxiety, hyper-vigilance, avoidance behaviour, etc. If ABSs produce an immediate appeasement of the parasympathetic system in PTSD, it is likely that we will find the same effect for BPSDs. Method : The protocol took place in nursing homes. The inclusion criteria are those of severe neurodegenerative pathologies (MMSE-10) as well as verbal agitation measured with health care teams (NPI-ES, Covi, CMAI scale). 15 residents were included in this feasibility study. Subjects were randomized and assigned in a control group and an ABS group after primary needs satisfaction verification. 10-minute SBA sessions were assigned to participants in the experimental group. For the control group: 10-minute sessions held the elderly person's hand (continuous tactile stimulation). The second phase of the study is training nursing's homes health care teams and long-term follow-up in a CPR to allow SBAs to integrate "usual care." Results : The descriptive statistitics showed a benefit of efficiency for the ABS group vs control concerning 5 on 6 items (Duration, Frequency, Intensity, Pittsburgh Scale and CMAI scale). The long-term follow-up of three residents confirmed the results of Cohen Mansfield's (2012) work on the correlation between cries, vocalizations and unmet primary needs. Discussion: The suitable ABS protocol for severe cognitive impairment could be recommended for non-drug communication approaches, although in nursing homes the lack of resources and the turn-over of health care teams is a hindrance to these approaches
Roques, Marie-Anaïs. „Facteurs de risque et de protection impliqués dans la détresse psychologique, l'état de stress post-traumatique et la résilience des adultes ayant été victimes d'inceste dans l'enfance“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0331.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMost of research conducted on incest victims has aimed to identify and to describe the harmful consequences of such abuse. Results highlight the diversity of the adaptative and non-adaptative responses developed by the victims. This great interpersonal variability suggests to the clinicians the existence of factors involved in the development of harmful symptoms, or, on the contrary, in the enhancing of the resilience process. In this context, the identification of the characteristics and the specificities of the incest victims’ psychological functioning represents the first objective of this exploratory research. The second goal is to identify the protective and risk factors implicated in the psychological distress, the post-traumatic stress symptomatology and the resilience process among incest victims. Finally, considering these factors, our research puts forward two models of the psychological functioning of this population.107 adults who experienced incest took part in the research and answered a set of validated questionnaires. 10 participants participated in a semi-directive interview. Our results suggest intense psychological suffering experienced by the incest victims. Three categories of factors which can act as protective or risk factors were identified. Our exploratory research highlights the complexity of the factors implicated in the psychological functioning of the victims and the importance of the individual, contextual and social resources of the victims. Our results bring to light the levers and the limits of the professional and non-professional care experiences tried by the incest victims
Denis, Anne. „État de stress post-traumatique (ESPT) et accouchement“. Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to some Anglo-Saxon authors, 1. 7 to 5. 6% of women develop PTSD following childbirth (Wijma et al. , 1997 ; Creedy et al. , 2000). This phenomenon has been not previously studied in France, and three studies were implemented in order to better understand this disorder. Study 1 - A quantitative was implemented with 192 women recruited during obligatory well-baby visits to the “Protection Maternelle et Infantile”. All women filled out 4 questionnaires. Results show that 7. 8% of these women showed symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress. Study 2 – A study was implemented with 239 women in a maternity hospital. All completed questionnaires 48 hours following birth, and again at one month, four moths and nine months post-partum. The results confirmed the presence of PTSD linked to normal birth: 5% of women showed symptoms consistent with PTSD at one month post-partum (4. 3% at 4 months post-partum; and 2. 9% at nine months post-partum). Regression analyses identified predictors of PTSD for each period. Study 3 – A study was implemented with 372 women. All participants filled out an experimenter-designed questionnaire measuring beliefs about normal birth. The responses indicated that birth is not considered a normal physiological event and most often described as a difficult life event and a potential source of medical complications. Conclusion : This work confirms the presence of PTSD linked to childbirth in a French population. The results of these three studies allow for a better understanding of what women face during the perinatal period and should form the basis of serious reflection on the part of health care practitioners in the field
Rousseau, Andréanne. „Les mécanismes d'action dans le traitement psychologique des cauchemars post-traumatiques“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBilloux, Peyrot des Gachons Sophie. „Fonctionnement de la mémoire autobiographique dans un contexte de traumatisme psychique“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30097/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePsychological trauma defines the emotional shock experienced by an individual following a traumatic event. In some cases, the psychotraumatic symptomatology develops and persists, leading to the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder. The literature has widely described the memory impairment associated with the disease, especially dysfunction of autobiographical memory. This complex memory system contains the story of our past, on which our present identity and future aspirations are based. However, it remains unclear whether this deficit is due to premorbid autobiographical memory dysfunction, to the trauma exposure itself, or to the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Research has not yet clarified the relationship between autobiographical memory dysfunction and psychological trauma. Throughout this work, we will define autobiographical memory function in the context of psychological trauma. The first two studies will analyze autobiographical memory function following a single traumatic exposure and following repeated exposures. The final study will shed light on how autobiographical memory functions among participants with posttraumatic stress disorder in partial remission
Pizarro, Francisco. „La réinvention de l'angoisse : trajets, figures et récits dans les constructions freudiennes de l'angoisse“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research develops an analysis of the elaboration of the anguish concept in the Freudian work. Our proposition is to consider the Freudian concept of the anguish as a real innovation in the psychopathologic domain of its era. From this point of view, we consider appropriate a historical- conceptual interrogation of that problematica with the objective of analysing what we can denominate the Freudian reinvention of the anguish, journey that will place the anguish as an unconscious affect crucial in the human subjectivity. The reinvention of the anguish will imply an ensemble of materials that will be forged in the discussion that Freud will hold with the psychopathology of his period and the conceptions of nervousness contemporary to his genesis. Likewise, we will encounter a discussion with the directive ideas of the scientific work, but also with the debates that will pass through the psychoanalytic movement; at first, in the elaboration of the unconscious and sexual concept, but also in the official and non-official debates between Freud and his collaborators and friends, as also in the metapsychological adventure, the metapsychological re-readings and their vicissitudes. From this perspective, the necessity of considering the anguish as a problematic knot, in the Freudian work, is clearly manifested. To that knot will converge the references to a period, a certain state of the theoretical construction and a clinical practice that interrogates and subverts the explicative categories. The Freudian reflection will demonstrate one invariant: the anguish is a problematica that crystallizes and where the most fundamental issues converge and it constitutes itself as an enigma whose approach could offer new perspectives in the neurosis comprehension
Chabbah, Nida. „Etude du rôle de VGLUT3, un transporteur vésiculaire du glutamate atypique, dans l'amygdale cérébrale dans le contexte de peur acquise“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066280/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety-like disorder usually triggered by a traumatic experience. Brain structures such as the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus or the amygdala belonging to the learning and emotional memories network, are particularly affected. As this network is extremely well conserved during evolution, acquisition and consolidation of aversive memories can be studied by a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm in rodents. Our team has identified a strong expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT3 in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). VGLUT3 allows, like all vesicular transporters, neurotransmitter internalization, here the glutamate in synaptic vesicles. VGLUT3 is atypical because of its distribution and its functions. The aim of my work is to identify the neuronal population expressing VGLUT3 in the amygdala as well as its role in processing aversive memories. The anatomical characterisation revealed: 1/ VGLUT3 mRNA in BLA GABAergic interneurons, 2/ VGLUT3 protein in cholinergic and serotoninergic terminals in the BLA, identifying two populations of projecting neurons expressing VGLUT3. To decipher the functional role of VGLUT3, we used viral and genetic approaches to ablate VGLUT3 either in GABAergic, serotoninergic or cholinergic terminals. Mice lacking VGLUT3 constitutively show contextual generalization and rapid extinction. Specific inactivation of VGLUT3 in BLA impairs aversive memories, shedding light on a specific role of VGLUT3 in modulating fear responses through its presence in BLA interneurons. These new data will be discussed in the context of PTSD and would open a new direction for the development of therapeutic treatment
Birmes, Philippe. „L' état de stress post-traumatique : la dissociation péritraumatique comme facteur de vulnérabilité“. Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU2A002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relation between peritraumatic dissociation (immediate dissociation at the time of the traumatic event) and Posttraumatic stress sisorder (PTSD) has been studied following combat exposure, disasters, critical incidents and motor vehicle accidents. Victims with acute dissociative response to trauma : the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). The PDEQ (10 items)-Self-Report version (PDEQ-10-SRV) consists in ten items addressiong dissociative experiences at the time the traumatic event was occuring. However, the predictive power of peritraumatic dissociation has not received confirmation in victims of general crimes. In the current study, subjects were interviewed with the PDEQ, within 24 hours of an assault, to assess the presence of peritraumatic dissociation. They were reinterviewed to assess posttraumatic stress 6 months later. This first prospective study of the relation between peritraumatic dissociation for postraumatic stress symptoms at 6 months. But who presents with peritraumatic dissociation ? And how does the subject ward off psychic trauma ? The contribution of defense mechanisms to traumatic dissociation is of importance. Using the Defense Style Questionnaire-40, the present study evaluated defense styles that may indicate of risk for the development of dissociative symptoms durind trauma exposure. But victims with peritraumatic dissociation had mature, neurotic and immature defense styles scores not significantly different from those without peritraumatic dissociation
Gagnon, Richard. „Traitement du trouble : état de stress post-traumatique (ESPT) par thérapie cognitivo-comportementale“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1981/1/000121648.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBui, Thanh-Huy Éric. „Facteurs de risque péritraumatiques psychologiques d'un trouble de stress post-traumatique“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/993/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is part of a project funded by the ANR dedicated to the design of a new type of organic photovoltaic cell. The goal is to design a new device architecture, bilayer or multilayer, composed of two columnar liquid crystalline molecular materials (electron donor and electron acceptor). This thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of new electron acceptor materials combining several properties: thermal stability and stability in air, capability of self-organize into columnar liquid crystals, strong absorption in near infrared and infrared spectral domain. The choice is the neutral nickel bisdithiolene complexes. Several series of complexes have been synthesized with dpedt (diphenyl-ethylenedithiolate) ligands. Their physicochemical behaviors were characterized by using different techniques: differential thermal analysis and thermo-gravimetric, polarized light microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry, absorption spectroscopy. The results show that they are all very stable in air and heat until 300 °C, they absorb strongly between 750 nm to 1100 nm and they have high electron affinity. In addition, some of these compounds show columnar liquid crystalline phase around 80 to 110 °C, metastable at room temperature in the condensed state. In particular, it is shown that the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of such complexes can be modulated as a function of functional groups grafted on the dpedt ligands. All these properties make these compounds very interesting for photovoltaic application
Afzali, Mohammad Hassan. „Risque suicidaire et état de stress post-traumatique : règles, niveaux de risque, et modérateurs“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResearch on the association between the experience of trauma and suicidality has been a growing field in the literature since two decades. The current dissertation was originally aimed at identifying sufficient or necessary conditions of suicidality outcomes among individuals exposed to trauma. A procedure of association rule extraction was implemented on a database from of a French national survey. Considering lack of sufficient or necessary conditions of suicidality outcomes, two other suicidality related issues were addressed. The first study focuses on the evidence-based ordering of the suicidality profiles and the detection of symptoms that moderate suicidality levels. Using ‘past month suicide attempt’ as the criterion, three suicidality levels were established. All suicidality levels were systematically moderated by the chronic anxiety symptom. The second study aimed at testing the robustness of the association between the trauma levels and the frequency of past month suicide attempt by identification of the symptoms moderating the incidence of outcome in every trauma level. Seven symptoms regarding desire for death, self-harm intention, suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempt, depressed mood, loss of interest, and panic attack exhibited a moderating effect with the fan-shaped pattern. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed the difficulty to obtain an overall picture of the investigated outcomes and their risk factors in the trauma-suicidality background. The third study puts forward a graphical platform aimed at recapitulating the evidence found by 26 studies concerning 20 risk factors of six suicidality outcomes among traumatized individuals. The main risk factors are major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. This review highlighted the importance of a common descriptive framework and the availability of the databases collected in previous studies
Robert, Jean-Michel. „Névrose traumatique ? : rencontre avec l'institution“. Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeraud, Berthelot William. „Trouble de stress post-traumatique et trouble de stress post-traumatique complexe chez les personnes LGBTQIA+ : prévalences et facteurs associés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0437.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContext: LGBTQIA+ individuals make up 9% of the population (IPSOS, 2023). The LGBTQIA+ acronym encompasses people with diverse profiles regarding their sexual orientation, gender identity, anatomical characteristics, or, more broadly, their relationship to heterosexual and cisgender norms. LGBTQIA+ individuals constitute a vulnerable population, particularly concerning physical and psychological health. Frequently subjected to chronic interpersonal violence, wich can begin as childhood and involving attachment figures, LGBTQIA+ individuals share the main risk factors for developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD). Method: the first article establishes the translation and cross-cultural validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ; Cloitre et al., 2018), a self-report questionnaire that assesses PTSD and C-PTSD symptoms according to the criteria of the Eleventh International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The second article is a systematic literature review aimed at collecting prevalence data on PTSD and C-PTSD in LGBTQIA+ individuals and identifying factors associated with PTSD and C-PTSD symptoms. The third article is a standardized study conducted in France among the general adult population, including LGBTQIA+ individuals, to compare exposure to violence, its traumatic impacts (PTSD, C-PTSD), and explore factors that may influence traumatic symptoms. Results: the translation and cross-cultural validation process produced a validated French version of the ITQ, demonstrating a factorial structure equivalent to the original version. The tool shows satisfactory convergent and divergent validity, as well as good temporal stability (Peraud et al., 2022). The systematic literature review, based on 60 articles, revealed extremely high PTSD prevalence rates among LGBTQIA+ individuals. Certain groups appear particularly vulnerable, notably bisexual individuals (10.3-35.7% PTSD) and transgender individuals (36.8-64.3% PTSD). The factors associated with symptoms exist at multiple levels: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and political (Peraud et al., under review). The empirical study conducted in France on a sample of 2175 individuals showed significantly higher rates of violence exposure among LGBTQIA+ individuals compared to cisgender heterosexual individuals. This is reflected in elevated PTSD and C-PTSD prevalence, particularly among transgender and gender-diverse individuals (10-14% PTSD; 12-32% C-PTSD; 25-46% cumulative prevalence) and pansexual individuals (11.6% PTSD; 28.4% C-PTSD; 40% cumulative prevalence) (Peraud et al., in preparation). Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that various factors contribute to PTSD and C-PTSD symptomatology (e.g., dissociation, characteristics of violence, family functioning, coping). Some factors appear more specific to the LGBTQIA+ population (e.g., discrimination, violence related to LGBTQIA+ identity, income, age) (Peraud et al., in preparation) Discussion: the results of this doctoral research emphasize that considering exposure to violence in LGBTQIA+ individuals is a public health issue. It is now essential to support existing actions and propose new prevention and care measures for the benefit of these individuals. Such efforts cannot exist without institutional and political commitment rooted in the fight against inequality
Lavoie, Vicky. „Déterminants psychosociaux de l'ajustement psychologique chez les militaires souffrant d'un état de stress post-traumatique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28208/28208.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuidé, Yann. „Etat de stress post-traumatique : corrélats cérébraux, neuropsychologiques, biologiques et thérapeutiques“. Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety, stress-related disorder, often seen in soldiers returning from armed conflict, victims of war or natural disasters, but can also occur after exposure to more « common » situations in Western countries, such as motor vehicle accidents or sexual assault. PTSD is characterized by executive functioning impairments (attention, working memory) associated with morphological and functional brain abnormalities. This thesis aimed to characterize the morphological and functional effects of different treatments currently recognized as first line for anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder, indicating a « top-down » effect of normalization of frontal areas for psychotherapeutic treatments, while pharmacological treatments seem to lead to a « bottom-up » normalization effect in limbic areas. In addition, in a second study, we demonstrated the importance of the study of brain networks involved in the performance of cognitive tasks such as memory tasks. These networks are deregulated in PTSD, leading to their inefficiency, and therefore to PTSD patient’s inability to perform the required task correctly. Finally, we have set up an ambitious longitudinal (1 month and 6 months) clinical research protocol, investigating early stages of PTSD development in victims of sexual assault. This study combines neuropsychological measures of executive functions, biological measures of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (salivary cortisol) and measures of structural (MRI, DTI) and functional imaging (fMRI, ASL), including measures of brain connectivity (structural, functional)
Coutelour, Marianne. „Quels états mentaux les victimes de viol attribuent-elles à leur agresseur dans un entretien psychologique rétrospectif ? : étude de cinq cas“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter treating the rape of an anthropological and legal perspective, we approach this crime from a psychological point of view by emphasizing that it is an act of interpersonal violence recognized as one of the most traumatic events. It causes many psychological and physical consequences in the short, medium and long terms. Our research aims to highlight, during the psychological interview with five rape victims, the mental states that they attribute to their attackers in their subjective appropriation of the traumatic event. Indeed, in her quest for meaning of sexual aggression, victim may have to search for causes, reasons for the occurrence of the trauma. For this, we analyze the speech of victims and the structure of their reasoning through the interlocutory logic, study method of the pragmatics of dialogued speech
Quidé, Yann. „Etat de stress post-traumatique : corrélats cérébraux, neuropsychologiques, biologiques et thérapeutiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety, stress-related disorder, often seen in soldiers returning from armed conflict, victims of war or natural disasters, but can also occur after exposure to more « common » situations in Western countries, such as motor vehicle accidents or sexual assault. PTSD is characterized by executive functioning impairments (attention, working memory) associated with morphological and functional brain abnormalities. This thesis aimed to characterize the morphological and functional effects of different treatments currently recognized as first line for anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder, indicating a « top-down » effect of normalization of frontal areas for psychotherapeutic treatments, while pharmacological treatments seem to lead to a « bottom-up » normalization effect in limbic areas. In addition, in a second study, we demonstrated the importance of the study of brain networks involved in the performance of cognitive tasks such as memory tasks. These networks are deregulated in PTSD, leading to their inefficiency, and therefore to PTSD patient’s inability to perform the required task correctly. Finally, we have set up an ambitious longitudinal (1 month and 6 months) clinical research protocol, investigating early stages of PTSD development in victims of sexual assault. This study combines neuropsychological measures of executive functions, biological measures of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (salivary cortisol) and measures of structural (MRI, DTI) and functional imaging (fMRI, ASL), including measures of brain connectivity (structural, functional)
Ledrait, Alexandre. „Les conséquences des maltraitances physiques et psychologiques chez l’enfant de 6 mois à 3 ans : L’émergence d’un état de stress post-traumatique spécifique chez l’enfant témoin de la mise en acte du fantasme d’infanticide“. Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study compared the effects of physical and psychological abuse on the development of children aged 6 months to 3 years-old and also studied the emergence of post-traumatic syndrome specific to the child revealing the mother’s realization of an infanticide fantasy. In order to carry out this study, 10 children who were reported to have suffered psychological abuse and 10 children reported to have suffered physical abuse all between the ages of 6 months to 3 years-old, were selected from different institutions (infant care homes, open custody in Protection for Children at Risk. ). With the analysis of institutional records, a developmental test (the Revised Brunet-Lézine), and the other projective (P. Roman's Projective Kit for Early Childhood) involving direct observation, the children were assessed in their overall performances (General Developmental Quotient - GDQ) and their partial development (PDQ) and then in their psychodynamic profiles in order to highlight the defenses they used to deal with their trauma. The results have pointed out that the GDQ is lower with the physically abused children than with psychologically abused children. However, it also underlines the fact that this group presents a heterogeneous profile in favour of the Postural, at the expense of language development, whereas the second group has a homogeneous profile but whose results show generalised mental retardation. Defensive profiles, behavioural disorders and post-traumatic child's play show that they suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder described by Terr (1991) that is specific according to the type of abuse the child suffered from. Last, the mothers' discourse has showed that the acting out of the abuse is linked with an infanticide fantasy the mother felt in her relation to her own mother; she shares this feeling with her husband and they transmit it to their actual child in an acted out fantasy in which a child is to be killed. This research offers a practical, open application of perspectives through the proposed measures
Cottencin, Olivier. „Mémoire, traumatisme et psychopathologie : étude de l'oubli dirigé chez des sujets souffrant d'état de stress post-traumatique et de trouble dépressif comparés à des témoins sains“. Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the clinical characteristics of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the reexperiencing symptoms, during which the patient experiences intrusion into consciousness of horrific autobiographical memories. The existence of a disturbance of the autobiographical memory is apparent; the subject seems to be fixed at the traumatic event and cannot consider the future. The autobiographical memory is organized in three levels from most general to most specific. To retrieve a memory, subjects need external indices and activation of these three levels; the activation of the memory can be automatic or intentional. However such a system requires the existence of control processes. To retrieve a memory it is necessary to inhibit others of them without what the memory would be saturated. These mechanisms were studied with the directed forgetting paradigm which consists of the presentation of items of which some have to be remembered and others to be forgotten. A preliminary study comparing the directed forgetting task in PTSD versus controls show us that PTSD presented an effect of directed forgetting decreased in comparison with controls (i. E. They had difficulties in inhibit the items "to forget"); in other words they presented a deficit of the inhibiting processes. However we are not being able to know if these processes failing (constituting a factor of vulnerability specific to the PTSD) or are exceeded by nature of traumatic information per se. So, we compared PTSD with depressed patients which we know that their autobiographical memory is disturbed. Results of the directed forgetting task was comparable with controls and better than PTSD. We discuss the psychopathological implications of these results directing us towards the idea of the existence of a disorder specific to the PTSD without being able to conclude if it is a factor of vulnerability or a consequence of the traumatic nature of information
Signon, Florence. „L'état de stress post traumatique chez les grands brûlés, à propos de 14 patients“. Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAuxéméry, Yann. „Les sens du trauma“. Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe question of significant meaning is fundamental in psychotraumatology with respect to both the carer and the patient. The sensory perceptions initially felt during the trauma, which resurface at the heart of the revivifications, seem to temporarily shield another meaning, that of significant meaning. At the moment of fear (peritraumatic dissociation), the absence of meaning felt by the subject is both the cause and the consequence of the trauma. Initially, the psychotraumatised subject, is monopolized, by sensory meanings which he can no longer break away from: this fixity attempts to avoid the intimate question of significant meaning possibly given to the event. Too often the therapist moves away from the question of a singular meaning as well to settle for a conventional meaning which characterises a theoretical traumatic mechanism. It is not because there is no meaning et a moment of fear that it cannot be given meaning later, during the psychotherapy. The patient and the psychotherapist will be confronted with the question of instinctual meaning of a significant weak point - or a significant instinctual strong point - which leads from the fantasy to the trauma. A signifier of fate can actively lead to a bad encounter: the trauma in itself may lack meaning, but its circumstances and conditions of possibility as well as the symptoms are responsible. Furthermore, if the trauma is structured through the collapse of structuring human values which ensure the security of the individual in society, the definition itself of the psychological trauma is also integrated at the heart of a social context providing possibilities of singular expression. The social meaning of the trauma and its symptoms has changed over the years and will continue to do so: this evolution must be introjected in our clinical and even anticipated to attempt to prevent suffering which will escape from conventional compartmental guidelines, sometimes unreal. Far from being remote, reality belongs to the subject in the sense that it is an integral part of the being, of his psychological and biochemical structure. Nothingness, loss of meaning, it is then a return to the basis of the material, the atom. The structure of the molecules in thought would enable them to be redeemed. The psychotherapy increases awareness of the possibility of some reality to escape its hold: the traumatic symptom does not have the same meaning as the traumatic mechanism. If the trauma is senseless, the psychotraumatic symptoms will on the other hand be full of meaning. Like the verb, the meaning is typically human: an occasional traumatic emptiness will require a reconstruction by a singular search which will distance the traumatic revivifications in favour of social reinsertion. Discover, think, and even invent a meaning will appease the fears and repetitions: the subject's creation is fundamental here as it distances the revivifications and the return to real death. At the heart of this discussion, science remains descriptive: by attempting to answer the question of how, it focuses on how nature works without looking at the question of why, which constitutes a metaphysical meaning. Yet the results of scientific studies are consistent with the epistemological question of the trauma in psychopathology: the atom, genes or proteins have no meaning in themselves but are elements of biological reality which structure the individual. Interestingly enough, the psychotherapy of the psychotraumatised subject enables the question of human nature as a cultural construction which emancipates from a myriad of organised atoms to be examined. If death blends and merges with reality, biological life does not know this death and tends towards a destiny of self-preservation which nevertheless confers meaning. In parallel, everyone lives their lives in the present, assuming immortality: the absence of the possibility of their own death reigns in the subconscious. If the genetic subconscious is net transferable to the psychoanalytical subconscious, both have real and biological bases in common. The traumatic event enables the subject to look back and feel the origin of its structure. The traumatic theme concerns the bases of human issues which are directly rooted in their animal origins: death, bereavement, parenthood, sexuality. The fundamentals of culture in their emancipation from nature are questioned: is the traumatic moment an ontogenetic reversal of individual evolution which will replay the evolution of species? By observing the possibility that everyone can be psychotraumatised one day, the psychological trauma also turns out to be a return to humanity: traumatic determinants are present in each human being
Santerre, Marie-Ève. „Le soutien social et le trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les anciens combattants canadiens“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLadois-Do, Pilar Rei Agnès. „Réactions péritraumatiques et symptômes de trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) après une admission en psychiatrie“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1606/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study aims to explore the exposure to stressful events during psychiatric admission and psychiatric setting, and the predictive power of peritraumatic distress and dissociation in the development of acute PTSD symptoms after exposure to such events. Psychiatric inpatients (N=239) were asked to report exposure to potentially traumatic events during their admission within 48h of their being admitted. Individuals reporting at least one potentially traumatic event during admission (n=70, 29%) were assessed for peritraumatic dissociation and distress in relation to the worst event, and five weeks later were reassessed for acute PTSD symptoms. Eight participants (12,3%) scored above the score threshold for a probable acute PTSD. Multiple regression analyses revealed that peritraumatic distress was a significant predictor of 5-week acute PTSD symptoms. Our findings suggest that patients who had hight levels of peritraumatic distress related to the worst potentially traumatic event experienced during psychiatric admission, might be at risk for acute PTSD symptoms and might benefit from increased attention. Five weeks after admission, participants (N=176) were screened about possible exposure to potentially traumatic events during hospitalization. Then, those who had experienced at least on event (N=37, 21%) responded to Peritraumatic Distress Inventory and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (N=34). Five weeks later, 2 participants (5,9%) had probable acute PTSD. Furthermore, our results showed no association between peritraumatic reactions and acute PTSD. Finally, three month after exposure to the worst event occured during psychiatric admission or hospitalization, no participant has developped a probable chronic PTSD. This research highlights the need to be especialy careful during psychiatric admission or hospitalization procedures and to protect the most vulnerable patients
Ouagazzal, Ornella. „Événements Traumatogènes et Symptômes Post-Traumatiques : clinique, Évaluation et Conséquences Psychopathologiques de l’Exposition aux Événements Traumatogènes“. Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraumatic events exposure is a frequent occurrence in the general population. The definition of traumatic events has evolved with the revisions of current international classifications (DSM and CIM). This successive change in the definition of traumatic events has had several impacts on their classification, on prevalence rates, and on measurement tools. Traumatic events can lead posttraumatic specific symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder) and posttraumatic nonspecific symptoms (dissociation and psychological distress). However, the characteristics of traumatic events (categorical form, form of exposure and age of exposure) are rarely studied in current literature. This thesis attempts to respond to the gaps and inconsistencies in the scientific literature through three original studies: 1) This mixed-method study, carried out on 14 patients from the Victimology of Unit, provides information on the emotional experience of the traumatic event and on the patients' resources to cope with it. It raises the question of the objective measurement of traumatic events. 2) This study aims to build and validate a tracking tool, the Traumatic Events Inventory (IET) - to assess the characteristics of traumatic events based on the criteria of the DSM-5 definition. The IET has good inter-rater validity and good reliability. This is one of the only tracking tools available in the French speaking world. 3) This quantitative study carried out in a sample of 1514 participants from the French population. It shows the links between the age of exposure and psychological distress. We recommend that better identification of the characteristics of traumatic events allows us to better understand the psychopathological effect of traumatic events in order to better target the post-traumatic trajectory in victims
Louvart, Hélène. „Études comportementales et neuroendocriniennes d'un modèle animal de l'état de stress post-traumatique : influence du stress prénatal“. Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-192.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLevasseur-Moreau, Jean. „L'utilisation de la stimulation cérébrale non-invasive pour réduire les symptômes de stress-post traumatique chez les militaires“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29638.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that occurs in 8% of the general population and up to 30% of the military population. Despite several existing treatments, such as psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, responsiveness rates in PTSD remain below 50%. There is thus a need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Randomized controlled trial studies have reported promising results using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to alleviate PTSD symptom severity. An analogue technique to rTMS, intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), is believed to produce longer lasting effects through long-term potentiation. Objectives and hypotheses Our general objective was to develop a greater understanding of the effects of iTBS in patients with PTSD. Therefore, we aimed at testing the safety, as well as the effects of active iTBS on clinical, cognitive and neurobiological variables in military personnel diagnosed with PTSD, compared to sham iTBS. Our hypothesis was that active iTBS, by modulating neurobiological aspects relevant in PTSD, would decrease symptom severity associated with PTSD, and induce cognitive improvements, compared to sham iTBS. Method This study was a two-arm, 1-month prospective, double blind, randomized, sham-controlled study. Twenty-eight military patients with PTSD received daily iTBS session applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 5 consecutive days, at the same time of the day (between 7:00 and 10:00 am). We measured clinical symptoms using standardized questionnaires assessing 1- PTSD symptoms; 2- anxiety symptoms; 3- depression symptoms; and 4- quality of life. Cognitive measures consisted of 2 attentional tasks (Dot Probe and Rapid serial visual presentation) assessing attentional bias for stimuli expressing anger. Neurobiological measurements included resting state functional connectivity using magnetic resonance imaging and metabolites concentration (NAA et GABA), as well as cortisol levels using salivary samples, before and after the iTBS regimen. All these measures were taken before and after iTBS. Clinical and cortisol assessments were also taken at follow-up, one month after the last iTBS session. Results The iTBS was safe and well tolerated. There was no significant difference between active and sham iTBS on PTSD, anxiety and depression outcomes. However, symptom severity significantly decreased over time for patients from both iTBS conditions. There was a significant difference between iTBS groups on quality of life that varied across time points assessments. We did not report any effect on attentional bias. Statistical analyses were not performed on metabolites concentrations due to poor data quality. There was a significant increase in cortisol levels for patients who received active iTBS as compared to those who received sham iTBS. There was also a significant increase in functional connectivity between the right DLPFC, the mPFC and the right caudate nucleus in patients who received iTBS compared to those who received sham iTBS. Conclusion We reported a decrease (not statistically significant) in symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression, as well as an improvement (statistically significant) in quality of life for the group who received the active iTBS. Active iTBS also modulated neurobiological substrates relevant in PTSD, such as the functional connectivity between key regions involved in this pathology, as well as salivary cortisol concentration. Other iTBS studies with longer lasting protocol could help shed some light on its clinical efficacy in treating PTSD
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne. „Étude du devenir de l'état de stress post-traumatique chez les rescapés du génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda“. Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBetween April and July 1994, a genocide was perpetrated in Rwanda during which more than one million seventy four thousand (1,074,000) Tutsi were killed. In comparison to other genocides committed of recent in the world, the Tutsi genocide is unique in the sense that it was planned and executed by the authority; it was also a mass genocide and a genocide of proximity. The consequences are multiple and multi-sectoral. My research has however focused on psycho-traumatic consequences in the population of Tutsi survivors, seeking services at the Psycho Social Consultations Centre based in Kigali, Rwanda; by assessing the evolution of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) they were suffering from. I reviewed medical records of 55 patients and the international classification of mental diseases. I also interviewed patients as well as clinicians. The study findings reveal that a high intensity traumatic event and the family precariousness are causes of therapeutic failures. Specifically, dissociative aspects of post traumatic stress disorder experienced by victims of sexual rape are indeed a big challenge to the establishment of a therapeutic relationship. I also observed while reviewing clinical cases, traumatic reactivations for some patients that caused chronicity or intermittent apparition of psychopathologic manifestations. Another phenomenon observed concerns the somatic diseases concomitant to PTSD. Indeed we had patients for whom somatic problems obstructed the manifestations of PTSD, hence delaying their treatment. Finally, I noticed a phenomenon of aggravation of PTSD by acute depressive disorders for almost all patients. Overall, the clinic of trauma of the survivors of the Genocide of the Tutsi of Rwanda leads the researcher to multiple evolutions. On one side we have a benign evolution, on the other side a remission punctuated by periods of relapses and finally, an evolution towards gravity
Acheli, Rafik. „Dépendance aux opiacés et stress post-traumatique : études empiriques des facteurs de risques post-traumatiques auprès de patients héroïnodépendants sous traitement de substitution“. Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOpioid addiction is a real public health problem and studies on its risk factors are needed. Scientific work addressing the links between heroin dependence in terms of the impact of traumatic events and post-traumatic consequences, risk factors that are often visible in hospital settings, has focused more on specific populations in USA, and more rarely in France. This Ph.D. thesis therefore focused on studying post-traumatic risk factors in heroin-dependent patients under substitution treatment (ST) through 2 cross-sectional studies. The two studies involved a total of 100 heroin-dependent patients on ST during their treatment in hospital settings in the Ile-de-France region (Study 1 n=30, Study 2 n=70). We hypothesized that opioid dependence is correlated with traumatic events, psychiatric disorders and socio-demographic determinants. Patients responded to structured interviews and a set of validated questionnaires to assess socio-demographic characteristics, traumatic experiences and their psychopathological consequences. The first study shows that opioid dependence is positively correlated with social status, current dissociative and hyper-arousal symptoms of PTSD. The second research highlights positive correlations between opioid dependence and social situation, symptoms of whole Life Panic Disorder, Peri-Traumatic Dissociation Disorder and PTSD. In conclusion, our studies provided elements for understanding the links between PTSD and opiate dependence, thus contributing to French research in the field of addiction. Our studies highlight the need to rigorously investigate the presence of traumatic events and to include CBT intervention for PTSD in the treatment of heroin addiction
Toledano, Daniel. „Base physiologique commune entre état de stress post-traumatique et dépendance aux drogues : caractérisation comportementale et tentative thérapeutique chez le rat“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066588/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis proposes that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and addiction both involve dysfunctions of memory reactivation, which might be responsible for the frequent and intense revivals that characterized them. This dysfunction could be based upon the uncoupling of monoaminergic systems, already demonstrated after repeated drugs exposures, resulting in noradrenergic dependent behavioral and neurochemical sensitizations. Our data show that 1) the selected PTSD animal model (SPS) reproduces PTSD symptoms, including a reactivity to reminder cues, 2) SPS induced a noradrenergic dependent locomotor sensitization, modulated by the novelty seeking 3) repeated injections of drugs mimic several PTSD symptoms and induce a behavioral sensitization modulated by novelty seeking, 4) locomotor sensitization can also be induced by exposure to drug associated cues and 5) a treatment combining both a positive state and a traumatic memory reactivation reduces PTSD symptoms, suggesting an emotional remodeling, which could be considered as a new therapeutic approach. This first corpus of results supports our hypothesis of common physiological basis between PTSD and addiction
Demers-Tremblay, Mélissande. „Effets des psychothérapies chez les enfants et adolescents ayant vécu un évènement traumatique interpersonnel et modérateurs des effets : revue systématique et méta-analyse“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37373.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoupnel, Servane. „Vivre avec un syndrome de stress post-traumatique : l'expérience et l'impact du diagnostic pour des militaires français“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26942.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis master's thesis focuses on two main areas: the problem for the implementation of the diagnosis with the challenges that this represents for the individual; and the issue of post-traumatic stress disorder in a particular population, the French military. Through a study of different anthropological concepts such as military subculture, anthropology of the body, memory and discourse, field work has put forward the experience and impact of the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. The various stages of diagnosis implementation will be presented in order to discover how the officialization of this disorder is lived. The paradox to this diagnosis will then be put forward, regardless of the type of traumatic shock. This will explain why the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder remains a real problem when it comes to the military population. Although research exists on the subject in Canada and the United States, the matter in France is still in development. This is why this research makes it possible to discover the perception of the disorder for the affected individual as well as his family, its prevention and management through the diagnosis currently proposed.
Vong, Sirenda. „Séquelles psychologiques post-traumatiques et liées à la torture“. Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVeyssière, Aure. „La période de la réinsertion de résistants français déportés en camps de concentration nazis“. Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082697.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNo study has been as yet conducted about the homecoming and the psychological after-effects of French Resistance fighters deported to Nazi concentration camps. This study focuses on the past good moments, difficulties and coping strategies, as well as the current PTSD symptoms, of a sample of 36 men and 19 women using a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. Coping with homecoming difficulties, more frequent than goods moments, is done preferentially through problem-oriented strategies. Moreover, most of the participants present current psychological after-effects, among which the repetition syndrome prevails. Thus, both the interest of long-term follow-up, post-event awareness and problem-oriented coping as well as the importance of militant commitment and transmission in the integration of deportation as a positive identity component, are enhanced
Sadlier, Karen. „Facteurs de résilience chez les enfants colombiens chroniquement exposés à la violence socio-politique“. Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between repeated exposure to socio-political violence, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and psychic numbing symptoms among 176, 9 to 10 years old, Colombian children. Family cohesion, active coping strategies and violent world models were construed as possible mediators of the exposure-symptom relationship. Structural equation modeling, variance and correlation analyses indicate that violence exposure and PTSD symptoms are significantly and positively related. Psychic numbing is dependent upon the presence of PTSD symptoms. Planful problem solving protects against PTSD and is reinforced by higher family cohesion levels. The results of this study are discussed in terms of resilience to chronically violent social environments
Chahraoui, Khadija. „Etude ethnopsychiatrique des névroses traumatiques chez les migrants“. Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this thesis is the study of migrants traumatic neuroses. The traumatic neuroses designate a group of mental disorders that are coming after a great fear causing by a violent event (war, catastrophe, accident, industrial injuries, violent death of a parent). Medical operation is one of the particular traumatic events for migrants. We present in the first place a historical revue of the traumatic neuroses studies. Then we analize the specific notion of trauma referring to stress and life-events concepts. Then, we discuss about some specific points of the traumatic neuroses psychopathology: simulation, adaptation's problems, pathological personality, depression. Through several clinical observations, we aboard differents aspects of traumatic neuroses: the impact and the consequences of traumatic events as industrial injuries and medical operation, especially the traumatic encounter with occidental medicine, other psychological complications, therapeutics, the specificity of taking care of this patient in an ethnopsychiatric framework. As conclusion, we propose some hypothesis about the factors of risk taht set off migrants traumatic neuroses and some arguments about preventive care
Lavoie, Stéphane. „Description de l’implantation et mesure des effets d’une intervention de soutien afin de diminuer les symptômes d’état de stress post-traumatique (ÉSPT) auprès d’infirmières d’urgence“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/151.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrouillette, Kim. „Impact du traitement des troubles du sommeil chez les personnes ayant un état de stress post-traumatique : une méta-analyse“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6910/1/030585986.pdf.
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