Dissertationen zum Thema „Estimation par horizon glissant“
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Gruss, Lucas. „Estimation avancée à horizon glissant, état et paramètres, pour la conduite du coeur des réacteurs PWR“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0434.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe model predictive control (MPC) approach has undeniable advantages for the core control of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) ; it is poised to enhance Framatome’s commercial offering. Nevertheless, the performance of MPC is conditioned by the quality of the underlying predictive model and the real-time knowledge of the current state of there actor core model. This thesis revisits these two aspects that constitute industrial barriers. It proposes a model of the core with just sufficient complexity and a method to perform adaptive calibration of some of its parameters. This is because the core dynamics evolve with fuel depletion ; accounting for this through predetermined parameters requires significant effort. We propose the use of a Moving Horizon Estimator (MHE) to jointly estimate the state variables of the model. The stiffness and non-linear nature of the dynamic model (related to the characteristics of the process) make the implementation choices of the estimator crucial. Direct exploitation of the continuous-time model, implicit integrator, collocation, interpolation of input data, etc. are key concepts resulting into a performant and resilient MHE estimator, where traditional methods fail (e.g., EKF). The estimator is validated based on fine simulations carried out on the expert simulator SOFIA used at Framatome
Bousbia-Salah, Ryad. „Optimisation dynamique en temps-réel d’un procédé de polymérisation par greffage“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0242/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a schematic way, process optimization consists of three basic steps: (i) modeling, in which a (phenomenological) model of the process is developed, (ii) problem formulation, in which the criterion of Performance, constraints and decision variables are defined, (iii) the resolution of the optimal problem, in which the optimal profiles of the decision variables are determined. It is important to emphasize that these optimal profiles guarantee the optimality for the model used. When applied to the process, these profiles are optimal only when the model perfectly describes the behavior of the process, which is very rarely the case in practice. Indeed, uncertainties about model parameters, process disturbances, and structural model errors mean that the optimal profiles of the model-based decision variables will probably not be optimal for the process. The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual strategy for using experimental measurements online so that the process not only satisfies the necessary conditions, but also the optimal conditions. This conceptual development will in particular be based on recent advances in deterministic optimization (the stochastic methods will not be dealt with in this work) of processes based on the estimation of the state variables that are not measured by a moving horizon observer. A dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO) methodology has been developed and applied to a batch reactor where polymer grafting reactions take place. The objective is to determine the on-line reactor temperature profile that minimizes the batch time while meeting terminal constraints on the overall conversion rate and grafting efficiency
Bousbia-Salah, Ryad. „Optimisation dynamique en temps-réel d’un procédé de polymérisation par greffage“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0242.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a schematic way, process optimization consists of three basic steps: (i) modeling, in which a (phenomenological) model of the process is developed, (ii) problem formulation, in which the criterion of Performance, constraints and decision variables are defined, (iii) the resolution of the optimal problem, in which the optimal profiles of the decision variables are determined. It is important to emphasize that these optimal profiles guarantee the optimality for the model used. When applied to the process, these profiles are optimal only when the model perfectly describes the behavior of the process, which is very rarely the case in practice. Indeed, uncertainties about model parameters, process disturbances, and structural model errors mean that the optimal profiles of the model-based decision variables will probably not be optimal for the process. The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual strategy for using experimental measurements online so that the process not only satisfies the necessary conditions, but also the optimal conditions. This conceptual development will in particular be based on recent advances in deterministic optimization (the stochastic methods will not be dealt with in this work) of processes based on the estimation of the state variables that are not measured by a moving horizon observer. A dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO) methodology has been developed and applied to a batch reactor where polymer grafting reactions take place. The objective is to determine the on-line reactor temperature profile that minimizes the batch time while meeting terminal constraints on the overall conversion rate and grafting efficiency
Thomas, Jean. „Estimation et commande prédictive à horizon glissant de systèmes hybrides“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHybrid systems become more and more attractive to researchers, as they cover several domains of applications. "Hybrid dynamical systems" indicates categories of dynamical systems including explicitly and simultaneously continuous and discrete type dynamical phenomena. The MLD "Mixed Logical Dynamical" formalism, proposed by Bemporad and Morari in 1999, allows in that sense modelling several classes of hybrid systems, formulating and solving traditional problems such as control, state estimation, identification and fault detection. The major challenge of this formalism remains the computation time of the optimization problem. This work investigates two major directions. The first aims at developing new techniques of application of the predictive strategy for hybrid systems under the MLD form. The objective of these approaches is to reduce the computing time for real time applications purposes. Three solutions are proposed. The first is based on partitioning the space thus reducing the number of binary optimisation variables (multi MLD model). The second develops a strategy of partial enumeration for the optimization problem. Finally the third considers the use of genetic algorithms to solve the optimisation problem induced by the predictive strategy. The second direction of research examines the dual problem of the previous one, the state estimation of hybrid systems modelled under the MLD form, and in particular the application to the sensors fault detection. The techniques developed within this framework are validated on a steam generator benchmark
Brulin, Damien. „Fusion de données multi-capteurs pour l'habitat intelligent“. Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe smart home concept has been widely developed in the last years in order to propose solutions for twomain concerns : optimized energy management in building and help for in-home support for elderly people.In this context, the CAPTHOM project, in which this thesis is in line with, has been developed. To respondto these problems, many sensors, of different natures, are used to detect the human presence, to determinethe position and the posture of the person. In fact, no sensor can , alone, answers to all information justifyingthe development of a multi-sensor system and a data fusion method. In this project, the selected sensorsare passive infrared sensors (PIR), thermopiles and a video camera. No sensor is carried by the person(non invasive system). We propose a global architecture of intelligent sensor made of four fusion modulesallowing respectively to detect the human presence, to locate in 3D the person, to determine the posture andto help to make a decision according to the application. The human presence module fuses information ofthe three sensors : PIR sensors for the movement, thermopiles for the presence in case of immobility and thecamera to identify the detected entity. The 3D localisation of the person is realized thanks to position recedinghorizon estimation. This method, called Visual Receding Horizon Estimation (VRHE), formulates the positionestimation problem into an nonlinear optimisation problem under constraints in the image plane. The fusionmodule for the posture determination is based on fuzzy logic. It insures the posture determination regardlessof the person and the distance from the camera. Finally, the module to make a decision fuses the outputs of the preceding modules and gives the opportunity to launch alarms (elderly people monitoring) or to commandhome automation devices (lightning, heating) for the energy management of buildings
Boillereaux, Lionel. „Estimation d'état de procédés non-linéaires : méthode à horizon glissant avec indicateur de qualité“. Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDardour, Amira. „Estimation et diagnostic de réseaux de Petri partiellement observables“. Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0054/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the evolution of technology, humans have made available systems increasingly complex but also increasingly sensitive to faults that may affect it. A diagnostic procedure which contributes to the smooth running of the process is thus necessary. In this context, the aim of this thesis is the diagnosis of discrete event systems modeled by partially observed Labeled Petri Nets (LPNs). Under the assumption that each defect is modeled by the firing of an unobservable transition, two diagnostic approaches based on state estimation are developed. A first approach is to estimate the set of basis markings on a sliding elementary horizon. This approach is carried out in two steps. The first step is to determine a set of candidate vectors from an algebraic approach. The second step is to eliminate the calculated candidate solutions that are not associated with a possible trajectory of the LPN. As the set of basis markings can also be huge, a second diagnostic approach will avoid this pitfall by not estimating the markings. A relaxation technique of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problems on a receding horizon is used to have a diagnosis in polynomial time
Valdes-Gonzalez, Héctor-Moisés. „Contribution à l'estimation d'état à horizon glissant par méthodes ensemblistes : applications à la surveillance et détection des dysfonctionnements sur des bioprocédés“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10237.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerozzi, Gabriele. „Exploration sécurisée d’un champ aérodynamique par un mini drone“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is part of the project "Small drones in the wind" carried by the ONERA center of Lille. This project aims to use the drone as a "wind sensor" to manage a UAV quadrotor in disturbed wind conditions using wind field prediction. In this context, the goal of the thesis is to make the quadrotor a wind sensor to provide local information to update the navigation system. With real-time on-board wind estimation, the quadrotor can compute a trajectory planning avoiding dangerous areas and the corresponding trajectory control, based on anexisting cartography and information on the aerodynamic behavior of airflow close to obstacles. Thus, the results of this thesis, whose main objectives are to estimate instant wind and position control, will be merged with another study dealing with trajectory planning. An important problem is that pressure sensors, such as the aeroclinometer and the Pitot tube, are not usable in rotary-wing vehicles because rotors air inflow interferes with the atmospheric flow and lightweight LIDAR sensors generally are not available. Another approach to estimate the wind is to implement an estimation software (or an intelligent sensor). In this thesis, three estimators are developed using the sliding mode approach, based on an adequate drone model, available measurements on the quadrotor and inertial tracking position systems. We are then interested in the control of the trajectory also by sliding mode considering the nonlinear model of the quadrotor. In addition, we are still studying quite an early alternative solution based on the H control, considering the linearized model for different equilibrium points as a function of the wind speed. The control and estimation algorithms are strictly based on the detailed model of the quadrotor, which highlights the influence of the wind
Venturino, Antonello. „Constrained distributed state estimation for surveillance missions using multi-sensor multi-robot systems“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDistributed algorithms have pervaded many aspects of control engineering with applications for multi-robot systems, sensor networks, covering topics such as control, state estimation, fault detection, cyber-attack detection and mitigation on cyber-physical systems, etc. Indeed, distributed schemes face problems like scalability and communication between agents. In multi-agent systems applications (e.g. fleet of mobile robots, sensor networks) it is now common to design state estimation algorithms in a distributed way so that the agents can accomplish their tasks based on some shared information within their neighborhoods. In surveillance missions, a low-cost static Sensor Network (e.g. with cameras) could be deployed to localize in a distributed way intruders in a given area. In this context, the main objective of this work is to design distributed observers to estimate the state of a dynamic system (e.g. a multi-robot system) that efficiently handle constraints and uncertainties but with reduced computation load. This PhD thesis proposes new Distributed Moving Horizon Estimation (DMHE) algorithms with a Luenberger pre-estimation in the formulation of the local problem solved by each sensor, resulting in a significant reduction of the computation time, while preserving the estimation accuracy. Moreover, this manuscript proposes a consensus strategy to enhance the convergence time of the estimates among sensors while dealing with weak unobservability conditions (e.g. vehicles not visible by some cameras). Another contribution concerns the improvement of the convergence of the estimation error by mitigating unobservability issues by using a l-step neighborhood information spreading mechanism. The proposed distributed estimation is designed for realistic large-scale systems scenarios involving sporadic measurements (i.e. available at time instants a priori unknown). To this aim, constraints on measurements (e.g. camera field of view) are embodied using time-varying binary parameters in the optimization problem. Both realistic simulations within the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework and Gazebo environment, as well as experimental validation of the proposed DMHE localization technique of a Multi-Vehicle System (MVS) with ground mobile robots are performed, using a static Sensor Network composed of low-cost cameras which provide measurements on the positions of the robots of the MVS. The proposed algorithms are compared to previous results from the literature, considering several metrics such as computation time and accuracy of the estimates
Boulkroune, Boulaïd. „Estimation de l'état des systèmes non linéaires à temps discret : Application à une station d'épuration“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347465.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSuwantong, Rata. „New Structure for Moving Horizon Estimators. Application to Space Debris Tracking during the Atmospheric Re-entries“. Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpace debris tracking during atmospheric re-entries will be a crucial challenge in the coming years, emphasized through many projects on space debris mitigation established by space agencies worldwide. However, this problem appears to be complex, due to model errors and difficulties to properly initialize the estimation algorithms, as a result of unknown dynamics of the debris and their disintegrations during the re-entries. A-to-be used estimator for this problem must be robust against these factors. The Moving Horizon Estimator (MHE) is known in the literature to be robust to model errors and bad initialization, and the PhD work has proved its ability to satisfy performances required by the debris tracking during the re-entries. However, its optimization-based framework induces a large computation time. To overcome this, a new MHE structure which requires smaller computation time than the classical MHE has been developed. This strategy, so-called “Moving Horizon Estimator with Pre-Estimation (MHE-PE)” takes into account model errors by using an auxiliary estimator rather than by searching for estimates of the process noise sequence over the horizon as in the classical strategy. A theorem which guarantees the stability of the dynamics of the estimation errors of the MHE-PE has also been proposed. Finally, performances of this structure in the context of 3D space debris tracking during the re-entries have been shown to be better than those obtained with classical estimators including the MHE. In particular, without degrading accuracy of the estimates and convergence of the estimator, the MHE-PE estimator requires smaller computation time than the MHE thanks to its small number of optimization variables
Nollet, Frédéric Perruquetti Wilfrid Floquet Thierry. „Lois de commande par modes glissants du moteur pas-à-pas“. Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2008. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTitre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 223-228.
Arezki, Hasni. „Advanced Estimation Algorithms for Nonlinear Systems : Design Methods and Applications“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA dynamical system models how a system evolves over time, governed by specific laws or equations. Ensuring the stability of such systems, under a given control action, is vital for predicting their long-term behavior. Stability analysis methods, such as Lyapunov's theory and Input-to-State Stability (ISS), provide essential tools to assess whether a system will remain stable. When direct measurements of all system states are not possible, estimation techniques, such as observers and estimators, play a crucial role in reconstructing internal states from available measurements, enabling effective feedback control. Then, developing advanced estimation schemes and observer design methods is the main motivation of this thesis. Towards this end, three major contributions are proposed in this thesis, as detailed below : 1. Analysis of Robust Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) Schemes: Since the incremental exponential input/output-to-state stability (i-EIOSS) property is required to synthesize the parameters of the cost function in the MHE context, then, first, two numerical design procedures are proposed to ensure that a nonlinear system achieves i-EIOSS property and to compute the associated i-EIOSS parameters. Then, the robust stability of moving horizon estimation (MHE) is proven. Novel design conditions are established and advanced predictions techniques are introduced. 2. Contributions to LMI-based and high-gain-based Observers: This chapter is split into two parts: the first part deals with observer design for nonlinear systems via Linear Matrix Inequalities(LMIs). The main goal consists of showing that for some families of nonlinear systems, the LMI-based observer design techniques always provide an exponential convergent observer. The second part deals with high-gain observer methodology. A novel design method is proposed for systems with arbitrary nonlinear structures contrary to the standard results on high-gain observer methodology developed for triangular nonlinearities. 3. Contributions to observer design for nonlinear systems with delayed measurements: The main idea behind this consists of using a dynamic extension technique to transform a system with delayed nonlinear outputs into a system with linear outputs and a delay-dependent integral term in the dynamic process. Based on this transformation, novel and less conservative synthesis conditions are established, ensuring the exponential convergence of the observer despite the large values of the delay in the output measurements
Omar, Oumayma. „Sur la résolution des problèmes inverses pour les systèmes dynamiques non linéaires. Application à l’électrolocation, à l’estimation d’état et au diagnostic des éoliennes“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT083/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis mainly concerns the resolution of dynamic inverse problems involvingnonlinear dynamical systems. A set of techniques based on the use of trains of pastmeasurements saved on a sliding window was developed. First, the measurements areused to generate a family of graphical signatures, which is a classification tool, in orderto discriminate between different values of variables to be estimated for a given nonlinearsystem. This technique was applied to solve two problems : the electrolocationproblem of a robot with electrical sense and the problem of state estimation in nonlineardynamical systems. Besides these two applications, receding horizon inversion techniquesdedicated to the fault diagnosis problem of a wind turbine proposed as an internationalbenchmark were developed. These techniques are based on the minimization of quadraticcriteria based on knowledge-based models
Bouhadjra, Dyhia. „Modélisation, et estimation pour des systèmes biologiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEstimating the state of a dynamic system is an essential task for achieving important objectives such as process monitoring, identification, and control. Unlike linear systems, no systematic method exists for the design of observers for nonlinear systems. Although many researchers have devoted their attention to these issues for more than 30 years, there are still many open questions. We envisage that estimation plays a crucial role in biology because of the possibility of creating new avenues for biological studies and for the development of diagnostic, management, and treatment tools. To this end, this thesis aims to address two types of nonlinear estimation techniques, namely, the high-gain observer and the moving-horizon estimator with application to three different biological plants.After recalling basic definitions of stability and observability of dynamical systems and giving a bird's-eye survey of the available state estimation techniques, we are interested in the high-gain observers. These observers may be used when the system dynamics can be expressed in specific a coordinate under the so-called observability canonical form with the possibility to assign the rate of convergence arbitrarily by acting on a single parameter called the high-gain parameter. Despite the evident benefits of this class of observers, their use in real applications is questionable due to some drawbacks: numerical problems, the peaking phenomenon, and high sensitivity to measurement noise. The first part of the thesis aims to enrich the theory of high-gain observers with novel techniques to overcome or attenuate these challenging performance issues that arise when implementing such observers. The validity and applicability of our proposed techniques have been shown firstly on a simple one-gene regulatory network, and secondly on an SI epidemic model.The second part of the thesis studies the problem of state estimation using the moving horizon approach. The main advantage of MHE is that information about the system can be explicitly considered in the form of constraints and hence improve the estimates. In this work, we focus on estimation for nonlinear plants that can be rewritten in the form of quasi-linear parameter-varying systems with bounded unknown parameters. Moving-horizon estimators are proposed to estimate the state of such systems according to two different formulations, i.e., "optimistic" and "pessimistic". In the former case, we perform estimation by minimizing the least-squares moving-horizon cost with respect to both state variables and parameters simultaneously. In the latter, we minimize such a cost with respect to the state variables after picking up the maximum of the parameters. Under suitable assumptions, the stability of the estimation error given by the exponential boundedness is proved in both scenarios. Finally, the validity of our obtained results has been demonstrated through three different examples from biological and biomedical fields, namely, an example of one gene regulatory network, a two-stage SI epidemic model, and Amnioserosa cell's mechanical behavior during Dorsal closure
Nuninger, Walter. „Stratégie de diagnostic robuste à l'aide de la redondance analytique“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/INPL_T_1997_NUNINGER_W.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEltrabyly, Akram. „Estimation and fault-tolerant control for safer quadrotor flights“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPAST149.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuadrotors have become increasingly present in our daily lives and are used in a wide range of applications, from delivery services to drone light shows. Many of its applications include close contact with humans. Should any fault occur to the quadrotor such on a motor, it could lead to catastrophic events, from injuries and expensive equipment loss to death. It is thus essential to focus on improving their safety and reliability through well-designed algorithms that can detect and compensate for faults affecting the drones.Another common source of drone failure is getting into a difficult orientation, such as an upside-down orientation, due to, for instance, strong wind disturbances or collision with a wall or with another drone. Linear controllers that are based on simplified models linearized around the hovering point and utilizing Euler angles for attitude representations are less likely to recover the drone from such orientation.The main objective of this thesis is to improve the safety and reliability of aerial robots by addressing the aforementioned problems. This is achieved by designing Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) algorithms that can achieve precise trajectory tracking under actuator constraints and in the presence of partial loss of effectiveness actuator fault and measurement noise. Furthermore, it expands on this goal by devising an algorithm that allows for recovery from random orientations, performing acrobatic flip maneuvers, and achieving precise trajectory following, all in the presence of actuator faults and constraints.First, quadrotor modeling and several attitude representations are investigated. Several nonlinear models based on various attitude representations, such as Euler angles, quaternions, and rotation matrices, are introduced.Additionally, an Active Fault-Tolerant Control (AFTC) framework is presented, which integrates a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) module based on a computationally cheap nonlinear algebraic observer and a fault-tolerant controller based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). This framework can achieve precise trajectory tracking under actuator constraints and in the presence of actuator faults.The thesis also proposes an AFTC framework that is completely based on nonlinear constrained optimization. This framework combines Nonlinear Moving Horizon Estimation (NMHE) as an FDD module and NMPC as a fault-tolerant controller. NMHE is capable of simultaneously estimating states and actuator faults from noisy measurements while maintaining constraints, thus resulting in precise trajectory tracking under actuator faults and noisy measurements when combined with NMPC.Finally, a novel fault-tolerant geometric control algorithm is presented. It allows a quadrotor to recover from arbitrary orientations (almost upside-down), perform acrobatic flip maneuvers, and achieve precise trajectory tracking, all in the presence of actuator faults and constraints. The presented algorithm demonstrates superior performance and higher safety and reliability compared to a baseline geometric controller from the literature. Unlike the presented novel algorithm, the baseline controller fails to perform the same missions when under actuator faults. The results of this part are validated in a ROS-Gazebo simulation, and a proof of concept is validated through hardware experiments
Omar, Oumayma. „Sur la résolution des problèmes inverses pour les systèmes dynamiques non linéaires. Application à l'électrolocation, à l'estimation d'état et au diagnostic des éoliennes“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872892.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNollet, Frédéric. „Lois de commande par modes glissants du moteur pas-à-pas“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132768.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLi, Gengxiang. „Rehaussement et détection des attributs sismiques 3D par techniques avancées d'analyse d'images“. Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731886.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSegovia, Castillo Pablo. „Model-based control and diagnosis of inland navigation networks“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette thèse contribue à répondre au problème de la gestion optimale des ressources en eau dans les réseaux de navigation intérieure du point de vue de la théorie du contrôle. Les objectifs principales à atteindre consistent à garantir la navigabilité des réseaux de voies navigables, veiller à la réduction des coûts opérationnels et à la longue durée de vie des équipements. Lors de la conception de lois de contrôle, les caractéristiques des réseaux doivent être prises en compte, à savoir leurs dynamiques complexes, des retards variables et l’absence de pente. Afin de réaliser la gestion optimale, le contrôle efficace des structures hydrauliques doit être assuré. A cette fin, une approche de modélisation orientée contrôle est dérivée. Cependant, la formulation obtenue appartient à la classe des systèmes de descripteurs retardés, pour lesquels la commande prédictive MPC et l’estimation d’état sur horizon glissant MHE peuvent être facilement adaptés à cette formulation, tout en permettant de gérer les contraintes physiques et opérationnelles de manière naturelle. En raison de leur grande dimensionnalité, une mise en œuvre centralisée n’est souvent ni possible ni souhaitable. Compte tenu du fait que les réseaux de navigation intérieure sont des systèmes fortement couplés, une approche distribuée est proposée, incluant un protocole de communication entre agents. Malgré l’optimalité des solutions, toute erreur peut entraîner une gestion inefficace du système. Par conséquent, les dernières contributions de la thèse concernent la conception de stratégies de supervision permettant de détecter et d’isoler les pannes des équipements. Toutes les approches présentées sont appliquées à une étude de cas réaliste basée sur le réseau de voies navigables du nord e la France afin de valider leur efficacité.
La present tesi versa sobre el problema de la gestió òptima dels recursos hídrics en vies de navegació interior des de la perspectiva de la teoria de control. Concretament, l’objectiu principal radica en garantir la condició de navegabilitat del s is tema. Dit d’una altra manera, es vol garantir que els nivells d’aigua siguin tals que les embarcacions puguin navegar-hi de forma segura. Aquest objectiu s’assoleix mantenint els nivells a l’interior d’un interval construït al voltant del punt d’operació. Altres objectius comuns en aquest context as piren a minimitzar els cos tos associats a l’operació dels equips, així com a prolongar-ne la seva vida útil. Ara bé, les vies de navegació interior són sistemes a gran escala caracteritzats per dinàmiques complexes, grans retards temporals i pendents negligibles, aspectes que en dificulten la gestió. Per tal d’assolir la ges tió òptima, s’ha de garantir un control eficient de les estructures hidràuliques tals com comportes, dics i rescloses. Amb aquesta finalitat, es deriva un modelat del sistema orientat a control basat en un model existent simplificat, obtingut a partir de les equacions de Saint-Venant. Aquesta nova representació redueix la complexitat del model original, proporciona flexibilitat i permet coordinar informació actual i retardada de manera sistemàtica. Malgrat això, la formulació resultant pertany a la classe de sistemes descriptors amb retard, per als quals les tècniques de control i d’estimació estàndards necessiten ser esteses. En canvi, el control predictiu basat en models i l’estimació d’estat amb horitzó lliscant es poden adaptar fàcilment a la formulació proposada. A més, són capaços de tractar amb restriccions físiques i operacionals de forma natural. Degut a les grans dimensions de les vies de navegació interior, una implementació centralitzada no resulta, tot sovint, ni possible ni desitjada. Per tal de pal·liar aquest problema, es consideren mètodes no centralitzats. D’aquesta manera, es descompon el sistema global en subsistemes i es distribueix la càrrega computacional del problema centralitzat entre els agents locals, de manera que cadascun d’ells s’encarrega de fer complir els objectius locals . En tant que les vies de navegació interior són sistemes fortament connectats, se segueix un plantejament distribuït, incloent un protocol de comunicació entre els agents locals. Malgrat la optimalitat dels resultats que les estratègies proposades puguin proporcionar, l’estimació d’estat només serà efectiva a condició que els sensors proveeixin informació fiable. Igualment, les accions de control únicament es podran aplicar correctament si els actuadors no estan afectats per fallades. En efecte, qualsevol error pot conduir a una gestió ineficaç del sistema. És per aquest motiu que la darrera part de la tes i tracta s obre el disseny d’estratègies de supervisió, que permetin detectar i aïllar fallades en vies de navegació interior. Tots els resultats de modelat, control i estimació d’es tat centralitzats i distribuïts, així com de diagnòstic de fallades, s’apliquen a un cas d’estudi realista, basat en les vies de navegació interior del nord de França, per tal de provar-ne la seva eficàcia.
La presente tesis versa sobre el problema de la gestión óptima de los recursos hídricos en vías de navegación interior desde la perspectiva de la teoría de control. En concreto, el objetivo principal consiste en garantizar la condición de navegabilidad del sistema, es decir, garantizar que los niveles de agua de los canales sean tales que las embarcaciones puedan navegar de forma segura. Dicho objetivo se consigue manteniendo los niveles dentro de un intervalo alrededor del punto de operación. Otros objetivos comunes consisten en minimizar los costes asociados a la operación de los equipos, así como a extender su vida útil. Hay que tener en cuenta que las vías de navegación interiores son sistemas a gran escala caracterizados por dinámicas complejas, grandes retardos temporales y pendientes prácticamente nulas, lo que dificulta su gestión. Para alcanzar la gestión óptima, se debe garantizar un control eficiente de las estructuras hidráulicas tales como compuertas, diques y esclusas, y para ello se deriva un modelado del sistema orientado a control, basado en un modelo simplificado ya existente, obtenido a partir de las ecuaciones de Saint-Venant. Esta nueva representación reduce la complejidad del modelo original, proporciona flexibilidad y permite coordinar información actual y retardada de forma sistemática. Sin embargo, la formulación resultante pertenece a la clase de sistemas descriptores con retardos, para los cuales las técnicas de control y de estimación de estado estándares necesitan ser extendidas. En cambio, el control predictivo basado en modelos y la estimación de estado con horizonte deslizante pueden ser fácilmente adaptadas para la formulación propuesta, además de permitir lidiar con restricciones físicas y operacionales de forma natural. Hay que tener en cuenta que, debido a las grandes dimensiones de las vías de navegación interior, una implementación centralizada no es, a menudo, ni posible ni deseada, y para paliar este problema se consideran los enfoques no centralizados. De este modo, se descompone el sistema global en subsistemas y se distribuye la carga computacional del problema centralizado entre los agentes locales, de manera que cada uno de ellos se encarga de cumplir los objetivos locales. Como las vías de navegación interior son sistemas fuertemente conectados, se sigue un enfoque distribuido, incluyendo un protocolo de comunicación entre los agentes. También se ha de considerar que la estimación de estado sólo será efectiva a condición de que los sensores provean información fiable. Asimismo, las acciones de control únicamente se podrán aplicar correctamente si los actuadores no están afectados por fallas. En efecto, cualquier avería puede conducir a una gestión ineficaz del sistema. Es por ello que la última parte de la tesis trata sobre el diseño de estrategias de supervisión que permitan detectar y aislar fallas en vías de navegación interior. Todos los resultados de modelado, control y estimación de estado centralizados y distribuidos, así como de diagnóstico de fallas, se aplican a un caso de estudio realista basado en las vías de navegación interior del norte de Francia para probar su eficacia.
Majid, Hirsh. „Contribution à l'estimation et à la commande des systèmes de transport intelligents“. Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0203/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe works presented in this PhD dissertation fit into the framework of Intelligent TransportationSystems. Although the beginnings of these systems have started since the 60s, their development, basedon information and communication technologies, has reached maturity during the early 80s. The ITS usesthe intelligence of different systems (embedded systems, intelligents sensors, intelligents highways, etc.)in order to optimize road infrastructures performances and respond to the daily problems of congestions.The dissertation presents four contributions into the framework of road traffic flow and tackles theestimation and control problems in order to eliminate or at least reduce the “recurrent" congestionsphenomena. The first point treats the problem of traffic state estimation which is of most importance inthe field of ITS. Indeed, the implementation and performance of any control strategy is closely relatedto the ability to have all needed information about the traffic state describing the dynamic behavior ofthe studied system. Two estimation algorithms are then proposed. The first one uses the “metanet"model and high order sliding mode techniques. The second is based on the so-called Cell TransmissionModels. Several comparative studies with the Kalman filters, which are the most used in road traffic flowengineering, are established in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Thethree other contributions concern the problem of traffic flow control. At first, the focus is on the isolatedramp metering using an algorithm based on the high order sliding mode control. The second contributiondeals with the dynamic traffic routing problem based on the high order sliding mode control. Such controlstrategy is enriched by introducing the concept of integration, in the third contribution. Indeed, integratedcontrol consists of a combination of several traffic control algorithms. In this thesis the proposed approachcombines an algorithm of on-ramp control with a dynamic traffic routing control. The obtained results arevalidated via numerical simulations. The validated results of the proposed isolated ramp metering controlare compared with the most used ramp metering strategy : ALINEA. Finally, the last contributiontreats the coordination problems. The objective is to coordinate several ramps which cooperate andchange information in order to optimize the highway traffic flow and reduce the total travel time in theapplied area. All these contributions were validated using real data mostly from French freeways. Theobtained results show substantial gains in term of performances such as travel time, energetic consumptiondecreasing, as well as the increasing in the mean speed. These results allow to consider several furtherworks in order to provide more interesting and efficient solutions in the ITS field
Riachy, Samer. „Contribution à l'estimation et la commande de systèmes mécaniques sous-actionnés“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370270.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa deuxième partie de cette thèse parle de techniques de différenciations qui sont de nature algébrique. On présentera des résultats expérimentaux de la commande d'un pendule inversé avec estimation algébrique des vitesses connaissant les positions respectives. Ensuite, nous proposerons une extension multidimensionnelle de ces techniques de dérivation, i.e. des techniques d'estimation des dérivées partielles d'une fonction multidimensionnelle. Ces techniques peuvent être appliquées en traitement d'image par exemple, ce que nous laisserons au titre de perspectives.
Valdes-Gonzalez, Héctor-Moisés. „Contribution à l'Estimation d'Etat à Horizon Glissant par Méthodes Ensemblistes : Applications à la Surveillance et Détection des Dysfonctionnements sur des Bioprocédés“. Phd thesis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198362.
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