Dissertationen zum Thema „Estimation de l'énergie libre“
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Zhong, Anruo. „Machine learning and adaptive sampling to predict finite-temperature properties in metallic materials at the atomic scale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe properties and behaviors of materials under extreme conditions are essential for energy systems such as fission and fusion reactors. However, accurately predicting the properties of materials at high temperatures remains challenging. Direct measurements of these properties are constrained by experimental instrument limitations, and atomic-scale simulations based on empirical force fields are often unreliable due to a lack of accuracy. This problem can be addressed using machine learning techniques, which have recently become widely used in materials research. Machine learning force fields achieve the accuracy of ab initio calculations; however, their implementation in sampling methods is limited by high computational costs, typically several orders of magnitude greater than those of traditional force fields. To overcome this limitation, this thesis has two objectives: (i) developing machine learning force fields with a better accuracy-efficiency trade-off, and (ii) creating accelerated sampling methods to facilitate the use of computationally expensive machine learning force fields and accurately estimate free energy. For the first objective, we enhance the construction of machine learning force fields by focusing on three key factors: the database, the descriptor of local atomic environments, and the regression model. Within the framework of Gaussian process regression, we propose and optimize descriptors based on Fourier-sampled kernels and novel sparse points selection methods for kernel regression. For the second objective, we develop a fast and robust Bayesian sampling scheme for estimating the fully anharmonic free energy, which is crucial for understanding temperature effects in crystalline solids, utilizing an improved adaptive biasing force method. This method performs a thermodynamic integration from a harmonic reference system, where numerical instabilities associated with zero frequencies are screened off. The proposed sampling method significantly improves convergence speed and overall accuracy. We demonstrate the efficiency of the improved method by calculating the second-order derivatives of the free energy, such as the elastic constants, which are computed several hundred times faster than with standard methods. This approach enables the prediction of the thermodynamic properties of tungsten and Ta-Ti-V-W high-entropy alloys at temperatures that cannot be investigated experimentally, up to their melting point, with ab initio accuracy by employing accurate machine learning force fields. An extension of this method allows for the sampling of a specified metastable state without transitions between different energy basins, thereby providing the formation and binding free energies of defective configurations. This development helps to explain the mechanism behind the observation of voids in tungsten, which cannot be explained by existing ab initio calculations. The free energy profile of vacancies in the Ta-Ti-V-W system is also computed for the first time. Finally, we validate the application of this free energy sampling method to liquids. The accuracy and numerical efficiency of the proposed computational framework, which combines machine learning force fields and enhanced sampling methods, opens up numerous possibilities for the reliable prediction of finite-temperature material properties
Vallée, Alexandre. „Construction dynamique de fragments par minimisation de l'énergie libre lors de collisions d'ions lourds“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26638/26638.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMiclo, Laurent. „Evolution de l'énergie libre, applications à l'étude de la convergence des algorithmes du recuit simulé“. Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSabre, Rachid. „Estimation non paramétrique dans les processus symétriques stables“. Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlayac, Serge. „Les géothermomètres du champ géothermique des Antilles : calcul des équilibres géochimiques par minimisation de l'énergie libre“. Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaldeira, Nabo Adelphe. „Contribution à l'estimation et à l'amélioration de la production de l'énergie photovoltaïque“. Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with the development of hardware and software tools to estimate and improve the efficiency of the PV energy conversion chain for household photovoltaic applications. We firstly proposed a new mixed 5-level inverter. This type of structure, based on the mixture of a full bridge inverter and NPC architecture, reduces the converter output voltage THD while reducing levels of leakage current induced by the PV modules. This architecture consists of a limited number of semiconductor devices with respect to a NPC structure and improves the robustness of the inverter. Several test results in reduced power validate the concept proposed. Finally, we focus on some parameters that could perturb the system and impact the energy production. It is highlighted that the impact of the convective heat transfer coefficient variation with wind speed is important. For this purpose, a flexible tool was developed to estimate the PV production. It is then possible to quantify and qualify the impact of wind speed on the photovoltaic energy production
Brunet, Éric. „Influence des effets de taille finie sur la propagation d'un front & Distribution de l'énergie libre d'un polymère dirigé en milieu aléatoire“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000922.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDrouilhet, Rémy. „Dérivée de mouvement brownien fractionnaire et estimation de densité spectrale“. Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNéron, Alex. „Développement d'une plateforme de calcul d'équilibres chimiques complexes et adaptation aux problèmes électrochimiques et d'équilibres contraints“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5502.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePetcu, Madalina. „Régularité et asymptotique pour les équations primitives“. Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011982.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis, containing four chapters, studies the existence, uniqueness and regularity of the solutions of the Primitive Equations (PEs) of the oceans and the atmosphere in space dimensions 2 and 3 (Chapters 1--3), and also the asymptotic behavior of the PEs when the Rossby number goes to zero (Chapter 4); the boundary conditions considered here are periodical. In the first chapter, we consider the PEs of the ocean in a two-dimensional space (three dimensional motion independent of the y variable). We prove the existence, globally in time, of a weak solution and the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions. Moreover, we prove the existence of more regular solutions, up to C-infinity regularity. In the second chapter, for a model similar to the previous one, we prove that, for a forcing term which is analytical in time with values in a Gevrey space, the solutions of the PEs starting with the initial data in a certain Sobolev space become, for some positive time, elements of a certain Gevrey class. As a natural continuation of the work from the first two chapters, in the third chapter we consider the PEs in a 3D domain and we study the Sobolev and Gevrey regularity for the solutions. The last chapter of the thesis is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior when the Rossby number goes to zero, for the PEs in the form considered in the first chapter. The aim of this work is to average, using the renormalization group method, the oscillations of the exact solution when the Rossby number goes to zero, and to prove that the averaged solution is a good approximation of the exact oscillating solution
Baba, Harra M'hammed. „Estimation de densités spectrales d'ordre élevé“. Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoueid, Salwa. „Micromagnétismes des films minces“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ferromagnetic materials possess the magnetic property of future, that is to magnetize, when they are in the presence of a magnetic field and to keep a part of their magnetizing when the field is deleted. It is for that reason, these materials became of use in numerous industrial applications (...)
Yelou, Clément. „Tests exacts de stabilité structurelle et estimation ensembliste des élasticités dans les systèmes de demande avec applications en économie de l'énergie et du transport“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23803/23803.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYélou, Clément. „Tests exacts de stabilité structurelle et estimation ensembliste des élasticités dans les systèmes de demande avec applications en économie de l'énergie et du transport“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18285.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbril, Garcia Ana Belen. „Estimation et optimisation de la consommation dans les descriptions architecturales des systèmes intégrés complexes“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKponsou, Messan. „Estimation spectrale dans les processus à n-accroissement stationnaires“. Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonsan, Vincent. „Estimation spectrale dans les processus périodiquement corréles“. Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDegroot, Anne. „Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler & Application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre“. Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'application de la VLD à l'acoustique de l'audible pour des niveaux allant de 60 à 120 dBSPL en présence de faibles écoulements (quelques mm/s) constitue le domaine d'investigation du Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine depuis le milieu des années 90. Les méthodes de traitement du signal aujourd'hui implémentées sur le banc de mesure appartiennent à la famille des méthodes temps-fréquence donnant accès à la loi de fréquence instantanée (proportionnelle à la vitesse) de la particule lors de son passage dans le volume de mesure. Ces méthodes ont été développées et validées expérimentalement sur une seule bouffée Doppler en présence de très faible écoulement conduisant à une loi de variation de la vitesse de plusieurs périodes acoustiques.
L'objectif de cette thèse est double. Dans un premier temps, il vise à développer un traitement de signal qui permette d'estimer la vitesse acoustique à partir de l'analyse de plusieurs bouffées. Dans un deuxième temps, il vise à utiliser la VLD pour estimer une pression acoustique à partir des vitesses acoustiques mesurées au voisinage d'un structure (d'un microphone).
La première partie du travail consiste à développer et valider une méthode de traitement du signal, basée sur l'utilisation de la transformée en ondelette, capable de détecter, localiser, classifier (simple ou multiple) les bouffées contenues dans un signal bruité et propose une méthode d'estimation des paramètres acoustiques et de vitesse d'écoulement par utilisation d'une méthode des moindres carrés appliquée au signal de fréquence instantanée estimé suite à la détection des bouffées.
La deuxième partie de cette thèse permet d'initialiser des travaux, en collaboration avec le laboratoire d'acoustique d'Edimbourg, sur l'étalonnage de microphone en champ libre par mesures de vitesses acoustiques VLD.
Une première étude de faisabilité d'estimation de la pression à partir de mesures de vitesses à une dimension est menée, permettant d'envisager un étalonnage des microphones à réponse en pression. Puis, dans un second temps, une approche analytique basée sur la formulation intégrale de Green propose de développer un modèle à deux dimensions du champ de pression en fonction de la vitesse au voisinage très proche du microphone dans le but d'étalonner les microphones en champ libre.
Degroot, Anne. „Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler et application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre“. Le Mans, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1005.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is a non intrusive technique widely used in fluid mechanics, but still marginal in acoustics, for measuring the particle velocimetry. Accessing to the acoustic particle velocity allows to characterize complex acoustics fields to study phenomena close to vibrating surfaces or around geometrical discontinuities for example. Research works of LDV applications to audible acoustics levels going from 60 to 120 dBsPL in presence of weak flows (a few mm/s) has been investigated by the Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine for the middle of the nineteens. Signal processing methods nowadays implement on the measurement bench belong to time-frequency methods allowing to get the instantaneous frequency (proportional to the velocity) of the particle during its crossing of the measuring probe. These methods have been developed and validated experimentally on one single burst for weak flow leading to a velocity variation of several acoustics periods. The objective of this Ph. D thesis is dual. In a first time, this thesis develops a new signal processing to get an estimation of the acoustic velocity parameters thanks to a large number of bursts. In a second time, this works presents the use the LDV sensor to estimate the acoustic pressure thanks to the measurement of the acoustic velocities. The first part of this study consists in developing and validating a signal parametric method, based on the use of a wavelet transform, able to detect, localize, classify (single or overlap) bursts present on the noisy Doppler signal and in processing an estimation method of acoustics parameters and flow velocities estimation with the help of a least mean square method on the instantaneous frequency after the detection process of bursts. The second part of this thesis allows to initiate new works, in collaboration with the Acoustics and Fluid dynamics group of Edinburgh, on free field microphone calibration thanks to acoustic velocities measurements by LDV. A first study investigates the possibility of getting an accurate pressure estimation thanks to acoustic velocities measurement to calibrate at first pressure microphones. Then, in a second time, an analytic approach based on the Green integral formulation proposes a two dimensional model of the acoustic pressure field function of the velocity close to the microphone membrane to hope a future calibration of free-field microphone
Degroot, Anne Simon Laurent. „Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler et application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1005.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBellouin, Nicolas. „Estimation de l'effet direct des aérosols à partir de la modélisation et de la télédétection passive“. Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-183-184.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGmira, Ahmed. „Etude structurale et thermodynamique d'hydrates modèle du ciment“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarzouki, Abdelwaheb. „Segmentation statistique d'images radar“. Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-304.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMessaci, Fatiha. „Estimation de la densité spectrale d'un processus en temps continu par échantillonage poissonnien“. Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGUITTON, Patricia. „Estimation et Optimisation de la Consommation lors de la conception globale des systèmes autonomes“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007496.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUne première étude consiste à estimer la consommation des divers composants d'une architecture SoC. Puis, nous nous sommes intéressés aux deux étapes principales des méthodes de partitionnement : l'allocation et l'ordonnancement. En particulier,
la technique d'ajustement conjoint de la tension et de la fréquence est considérée dans l'ordonnancement pour minimiser l'énergie. A la suite de ces optimisations, une gestion des modes basse consommation est réalisée, ayant pour objectif de mettre les processeurs en état de repos ou repos profond dès que la possibilité se présente, ce changement de mode permettant de gagner en consommation. Ce travail a été testé sur divers exemples, comme une application de détection de mouvement sur fond d'images
fixes pour caméra embarquée.
Rachdi, Mustapha. „Choix de la largeur de fenêtre spectrale par validation croisée. Analyse spectrale p-adique“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKouakou, Kouadio Simplice. „Echantillonnage aléatoire et estimation spectrale de processus et de champs stationnaires“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we are dealing in the kernel estimation of the spectral density for a continuous time process or random eld observed along random discrete sampling schemes. Here we consider two kind of sampling schemes : random dilated sampling schemes, and Poissonian sampling schemes. There is no gaussian condition for the process or the random eld, the hypotheses apply to their cumulants.First, we consider a dilated sampling scheme introduced by Hall and Patil (1994) and used more recently by Matsuda and Yajima (2009) for the estimation of the spectral density of a Gaussian random eld.We establish the quadratic mean convergence in our more general context, as well as the rate of convergence of the estimator.Next we apply the Poissonian sampling scheme to two different frameworks : to the spectral estimation for a process disturbed by a random clock change (or time jitter), and to the spectral estimation of a random field on R2.The problem of the estimatin of the spectral density of a process disturbed by a clock change is solved with projection on the basis of eigen-vectors of kernel integral operators defined from the characteristic function of the increment of the random clock change. We establish the convergence and the asymptotic normality of two estimators contructed, from a continuous time observation, and the other from a Poissonian sampling scheme observation of the clock changed process.The last part of this work is devoted to random fields on R2 observed along a sampling scheme based on two Poisson processes (one for each axis of R2). The convergence results are illustrated by some simulations
Renaudineau, Hugues. „Hybrid Renewable Energy Sourced System : Energy Management & Self-Diagnosis“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0336/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis interested on developing a stand-alone photovoltaic system with self-diagnosis possibility. A specific structure has been proposed consisting in a DC hybridization of photovoltaic sources, a Lithium-based battery and supercapacitors. Dynamics models of the boost converter and the current-fed dual-bridge DC-DC converter are proposed and an efficient state observer is proposed to estimate the models equivalent losses' parameters online. It is shown that the estimated parameters can be used in the energy management scheme, with in particular optimisation of the efficiency of paralleled structures. The photovoltaic source optimization is also studied with special attention on shading phenomenon and design of MPPT technique especially on the case of distributed series architecture. Through a specific hybridization structure, State-Of-Health estimation is tested on Li-ion and LiFePO4 batteries. It is shown that the isolated coupled-inductors Cuk converter is very efficient for battery estimation through current injection. Finally, a global energy management scheme is proposed, and the developed stand-alone photovoltaic system is validated to operate as supposed
Acem, Zoubir. „Nouveaux composites graphite/sel destinés au stockage de l'énergie thermique a haute température : de l'élaboration au développement de méthodes de caractérisation thermique de matériaux conducteurs orthotropes“. Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13441.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcem, Zoubir. „Nouveaux composites graphite/sel destinés au stockage de l'énergie thermique à haute température : De l'élaboration au développement de méthodes de caractérisation thermique de matériaux conducteurs orthotropes“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263601.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie détaille les travaux relatifs à l'élaboration et la caractérisation thermique de ces nouveaux composites. On y présente les différentes voies d'élaboration des composites (dispersion, compression uniaxiale, isostatique) associées aux différents types de graphite (graphite naturel expansé (GNE), graphite synthétique) investigués au cours de cette thèse. On y retrouve également les résultats liés à la campagne de caractérisation thermique de ces composites permettant de mettre en exergue l'impact du graphite sur les propriétés conductrices des matériaux étudiés. A partir de ces résultats, des études de modélisation de l'évolution de la conductivité thermique ont pu être entrepris afin d'approfondir la compréhension de l'effet du graphite (quantité, taille de particules) sur la conductivité effective des composites.
La deuxième partie présente essentiellement les dispositifs de caractérisation thermique et les modèles thermocinétiques associés qui ont du être développés et adaptés aux spécificités des matériaux nouvellement élaborés. Cela concerne principalement les matériaux élaborés par compression, matériaux difficilement reproductible et possédant des propriétés orthotropes. La caractérisation de ce type de matériaux s'avère très délicate et pour le moins fastidieuse. C'est pourquoi nous nous sommes attachés à développer et adapter les moyens de caractérisation existants afin de permettre la caractérisation thermique complète d'un matériau conducteur orthotrope à partir d'une seule mesure sur un seul échantillon
Marjolin, Aude. „Modélisation statique et dynamique de cations lanthanides et actinides en solution“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833263.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOvigneur, Bertrand. „Description des propriétés macrophysiques et microphysiques des nuages par télédétection active et passive : application à la campagne aéroportée FRENCH/DIRAC“. Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Ovigneur.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePar des méthodes stéréoscopiques ou basées sur l'absorption par le dioxygène, POLDER fournit une information sur l'altitude des nuages. Celle-ci est moins précise mais présente l'avantage de rendre compte du large champ spatial couvert par l'instrument. Les mesures polarisées de POLDER ou de LEANDRE permettent une estimation de la phase thermodynamique des nuages, mais par commodité, une méthode simple basée sur le rapport des luminances mesurées dans le visible et le moyen infrarouge par MiniMIR est développée et privilégiée dans cette étude. Finalement, une méthode d'estimation optimale est développée et mise en œuvre pour déterminer l'épaisseur optique des nuages et la dimension des particules qui les constituent à partir de mesures passives dans le visible et dans le moyen infrarouge. Comparée aux méthodes précédemment développées au laboratoire, cette méthode permet d'obtenir des précisions similaires sur les paramètres nuageux déterminés. Toutefois, elle offre l'avantage d'exploiter naturellement les mesures multidirectionnelles de POLDER ainsi que d'autres informations ou données auxiliaires. De part sa modularité, cette méthode pourrait permettre d'exploiter en synergie les mesures de l'A-train
Ghannudi, Hamza El. „Interférences d'accès multiples et performances d'un système impulsionnel à bande ultra large transposé à 60 GHz en réseau ad hoc“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-177.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBurtscher, Annegret Yvonne. „Analytic and geometric aspects of spacetimes of low regularity“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066345.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe general theory of relativity describes the effect of gravitation in terms of the geometry of spacetimes. The curvature of Lorentzian manifolds is related to the energy and momentum of matter (or vacuum) by the Einstein equations, a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. In the 1950s the initial value formulation and local existence of solutions to the Einstein equations were established. As of yet the global structure of spacetimes is much less understood. Motivated by this I investigate the evolution as well as the regularity of spacetimes. I show that certain energy estimates can be controlled by one-sided bounds on the geometry only. Estimates of the Bel-Robinson energy, for example, play a crucial role in the derivation of breakdown criteria for solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations. As an important astrophysical model spacetimes with perfect fluid sources are considered. An existence theory for spherically symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Euler equations is presented, and, above all, I identify for the first time a class of untrapped initial data that leads to the dynamical formation of trapped surfaces. To allow for shock waves, solutions are regarded to be of bounded variation. The distributional framework is essential here and in other areas of general relativity, and it is crucial to understand if and how the regularity of metrics influences the geometry of spacetimes. I account for this by deriving some general results on continuous Riemannian metrics and algebras of generalized functions. This thesis thus illustrates that spacetimes of low regularity exhibit a wide range of interesting phenomena during their evolution
Zheng, Huicheng. „Modèles de maximum d'entropie pour la détection de la peau : application au filtrage de l'internet“. Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Zheng.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans un troisième temps, nous ajoutons des contraintes sur les couleurs des pixels voisins. Le modèle obtenu est à nouveau un champs de Markov mais contenant un très grand nombre de paramètres. Afin, aussi bien d'estimer les paramètres de ces modèles que d'effectuer de l'inférence, c'est à dire, étant donné une image couleur, calculer la probabilité pour chaque pixel qu'il corresponde à de la peau, nous proposons d'approximer, localement, le graphe associé aux pixels par un arbre. On dispose alors de l'algorithme "iterative scaling" pour l'estimation des paramètres et de l'algorithme "belief propagation" pour l'inférence. Nous avons effectué de nombreuses études expérimentales afin d'évaluer les performances respectives des différents modèles, en particulier en modifiant la taille et la géométrie des arbres. Dans le cas du projet européen Poesia, nous avons utilisé notre détecteur de peau en entrée d'un système de classification utlisant la méthode des réseaux neuronaux pour bloquer les pages webs indésirable pour les enfants. Nous avons obtenu des résultats extrèmement encourageants
Renaudineau, Hugues. „Hybrid Renewable Energy Sourced System : Energy Management & Self-Diagnosis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0336.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis interested on developing a stand-alone photovoltaic system with self-diagnosis possibility. A specific structure has been proposed consisting in a DC hybridization of photovoltaic sources, a Lithium-based battery and supercapacitors. Dynamics models of the boost converter and the current-fed dual-bridge DC-DC converter are proposed and an efficient state observer is proposed to estimate the models equivalent losses' parameters online. It is shown that the estimated parameters can be used in the energy management scheme, with in particular optimisation of the efficiency of paralleled structures. The photovoltaic source optimization is also studied with special attention on shading phenomenon and design of MPPT technique especially on the case of distributed series architecture. Through a specific hybridization structure, State-Of-Health estimation is tested on Li-ion and LiFePO4 batteries. It is shown that the isolated coupled-inductors Cuk converter is very efficient for battery estimation through current injection. Finally, a global energy management scheme is proposed, and the developed stand-alone photovoltaic system is validated to operate as supposed
Roland, Christophe. „Méthodes d'accélération de convergence en analyse numérique et en statistique“. Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Roland.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoine, Edouard. „Estimation d’énergies de GIBBS de solvatation pour les modèles cinétiques d’auto-oxydation : développement d’une banque de données étendue et recherche d’équations d’état cubiques et SAFT adaptées à leur prédiction“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0295.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons (also called autoxidation) is central to a large number of processes in the petrochemical industry as it plays a key role in the conversion of petroleum feedstock into valuable organic chemicals. This phenomenon is also crucial in oxidation-stability studies of fuels and its derivatives (aging). These liquid-phase oxidation reactions entail radical mechanisms involving more than thousands of compounds and elementary reactions. Kinetic modelling of these kinds of reactions remains a significant challenge because it requires thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, which are not abundant in literature. The EXGAS software, developed at LRGP, is able to generate these kinds of models but only for oxidation reactions taking place in a gaseous phase. It is assumed that the nature of elementary reactions in the liquid and gaseous phases is the same. The unique need to transfer a kinetic mechanism from a gas phase to a liquid phase is to update kinetic rate constant values and equilibrium constant values (called thermokinetic constants) of mechanism reactions. Therefore, in the framework of this PhD thesis, a new method aimed at applying a correction term to thermokinetic constants of gaseous phases is proposed in order to obtain constants usable to describe liquid-phase mechanisms. This correction involves a quantity called partial molar solvation GIBBS energy. An analysis of the precise definition of this property led us to conclude that it can be simply expressed as a function of fugacity coefficients and liquid molar density. As a result, this property could also be expressed with respect to measurable thermodynamic quantities as activity coefficients or HENRY’s law constants. By combining all the experimental data related to these measurable properties that can be found in the literature, it was possible to develop a comprehensive databank of partial molar solvation GIBBS energies (called the CompSol database). This database was used to validate the use of the UMR-PRU equation of state to predict solvation quantities. Moreover, the bases of a new parameterization for SAFT-type equations of state were laid. It consists in estimating pure-component parameters of SAFT-like equation using a very simple, reproducible and transparent path for non-associating pure components. This equation was used to calculate partial molar GIBBS energy of solvation of pure and mixed solutes. Last, equations of state were combined with EXGAS software to model the oxidation of n-butane in the liquid phase
Moine, Edouard. „Estimation d’énergies de GIBBS de solvatation pour les modèles cinétiques d’auto-oxydation : développement d’une banque de données étendue et recherche d’équations d’état cubiques et SAFT adaptées à leur prédiction“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0295/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons (also called autoxidation) is central to a large number of processes in the petrochemical industry as it plays a key role in the conversion of petroleum feedstock into valuable organic chemicals. This phenomenon is also crucial in oxidation-stability studies of fuels and its derivatives (aging). These liquid-phase oxidation reactions entail radical mechanisms involving more than thousands of compounds and elementary reactions. Kinetic modelling of these kinds of reactions remains a significant challenge because it requires thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, which are not abundant in literature. The EXGAS software, developed at LRGP, is able to generate these kinds of models but only for oxidation reactions taking place in a gaseous phase. It is assumed that the nature of elementary reactions in the liquid and gaseous phases is the same. The unique need to transfer a kinetic mechanism from a gas phase to a liquid phase is to update kinetic rate constant values and equilibrium constant values (called thermokinetic constants) of mechanism reactions. Therefore, in the framework of this PhD thesis, a new method aimed at applying a correction term to thermokinetic constants of gaseous phases is proposed in order to obtain constants usable to describe liquid-phase mechanisms. This correction involves a quantity called partial molar solvation GIBBS energy. An analysis of the precise definition of this property led us to conclude that it can be simply expressed as a function of fugacity coefficients and liquid molar density. As a result, this property could also be expressed with respect to measurable thermodynamic quantities as activity coefficients or HENRY’s law constants. By combining all the experimental data related to these measurable properties that can be found in the literature, it was possible to develop a comprehensive databank of partial molar solvation GIBBS energies (called the CompSol database). This database was used to validate the use of the UMR-PRU equation of state to predict solvation quantities. Moreover, the bases of a new parameterization for SAFT-type equations of state were laid. It consists in estimating pure-component parameters of SAFT-like equation using a very simple, reproducible and transparent path for non-associating pure components. This equation was used to calculate partial molar GIBBS energy of solvation of pure and mixed solutes. Last, equations of state were combined with EXGAS software to model the oxidation of n-butane in the liquid phase
Rodiet, Christophe. „Mesure de Température par Méthodes Multi-Spectrales et Caractérisation Thermique de Matériaux Anisotropes par Transformations Intégrales : « Aspects Théoriques et Expérimentaux »“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0283/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis consists of two relatively independent parts, the first part focuses on methods of temperature measurement using Multi-Spectral (passive optical pyrometry) methods, and the second on the Thermal Characterization by integral transforms at high temperature of orthotropic materials. In each of these two parts, methods / models developed were treated from a theoretical point of view, numerical and experimental. In the multi-spectral part, a method of temperature measurement to take into account a spectral variation of the overall measurement chain (including the emissivity) was introduced. Moreover, a method of determining the optimal wavelengths in the sense of minimizing the standard deviation of temperature, has been developed. Finally, it has also been shown that the optimal wavelengths for mono-spectral and bi-spectral measurements could be determined with similar laws to Wien's displacement law. In the Thermal Characterization part, different methods and models have been developed. The proposed methods perform the estimation of longitudinal and transverse diffusivities on all harmonics simultaneously. Furthermore, they allow overcoming the thermal coupling due to the presence of a sample holder, and / or making pseudo-local measurements of diffusivities. Finally, the concepts of correlation between parameters and duration of harmonics exploitability were also discussed.This thesis consists of two relatively independent parts, the first part focuses on methods of temperature measurement using Multi-Spectral (passive optical pyrometry) methods, and the second on the Thermal Characterization by integral transforms at high temperature of orthotropic materials. In each of these two parts, methods / models developed were treated from a theoretical point of view, numerical and experimental. In the multi-spectral part, a method of temperature measurement to take into account a spectral variation of the overall measurement chain (including the emissivity) was introduced. Moreover, a method of determining the optimal wavelengths in the sense of minimizing the standard deviation of temperature, has been developed. Finally, it has also been shown that the optimal wavelengths for mono-spectral and bi-spectral measurements could be determined with similar laws to Wien's displacement law. In the Thermal Characterization part, different methods and models have been developed. The proposed methods perform the estimation of longitudinal and transverse diffusivities on all harmonics simultaneously. Furthermore, they allow overcoming the thermal coupling due to the presence of a sample holder, and / or making pseudo-local measurements of diffusivities. Finally, the concepts of correlation between parameters and duration of harmonics exploitability were also discussed
Le, Bars Solène. „Action-effect prediction in intention-based and stimulus-driven actions : an exploration of the ideomotor theory and of the brain free-energy principle“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB235.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMotor actions can be classified as being either intention-based, i.e. internally triggered in order to reach a certain goal, or either stimulus-driven, i.e. externally triggered in order to accommodate to environmental events. This elementary dissociation was notably theorized within the original ideomotor theory stating that performing intention-based actions relies on our capacity to predict the sensory consequences of our actions, due to action-effect associations learnt through experience. In recent neurocomputational models such as the brain free-energy principle, this sensory prediction is considered as a key process of overall sensorium and motor control, regardless the action type. Henceforth, experiments studying sensory prediction related to motor control have systematically minimized the potential distinction between two more or less independent action types. In the current thesis, we mainly attempted to address this issue by testing the original ideomotor viewpoint, suggesting a superior involvement of action-effect prediction in intention-based actions compared to more reactive actions. We achieved this work according to three axes: (1) Through behavioural experiments, we aimed at clarifying which motor stage(s) action-effect prediction is related to, within intention-based actions and within stimulus-driven actions, in order to potentially dissociate the temporal dynamics of action-effect prediction in these two categories of actions. (2) Taking advantage from assumptions derived from neurocomputational approaches, we used EEG to first explore the level of prediction error related to unpredicted vs. mispredicted auditory events in order to dissociate these two types of nonpredicted events at a neural level. Then, we investigated whether EEG markers of sensory prediction (i.e., prediction error and sensory attenuation) were modulated by the kind of action triggering the sensory effect. (3) Finally, we intended to examine whether action-effect prediction variations could be linked to motor deficits in Parkinson's disease on the one hand, and to impulsivity tendencies in healthy participants on the other hand, for possibly yielding a clinical dimension to the sensory prediction process. Our findings demonstrated (1) the temporal dynamics of action-effect prediction seems to depend on the action kind, being linked to both early and late stages of motor preparation of intention-based actions and only to late stages of motor preparation of stimulus-driven actions. We also showed that (2) mispredicted events were linked to enhanced prediction error compared to unpredicted events, and that EEG markers of sensory prediction were more pronounced for auditory effects triggered by intention-based actions compared to auditory effects triggered by stimulus-driven actions. Then, our results sustained that (3) the action-effect prediction process seems to be impaired for intention-based actions in Parkinson's disease, and that EEG markers of sensory prediction for effects triggered by intention-based actions are modulated by impulsiveness tendencies in healthy participants. Altogether, our findings are consistent with the original version of the ideomotor theory given the action-effect prediction appeared to be earlier and stronger involved in intention-based actions compared to stimulus-driven actions. Our EEG data also modernized the ideomotor principle, reconciling it with neurocomputational approaches of sensory prediction. Finally, the clinical exploration of the action-effect prediction process in pathologies affecting motor control appeared promising to understand intermediate neurocognitive processes which are involved in motor symptoms or characteristics
Chalard, Rémi. „Robustesse à la variabilité du comportement mécanique du point d'insertion en chirurgie mini-invasive robotisée. Application à la biopsie de prostate“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS591.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) allows the surgeon to operate without cutting open the patient. This kind of surgery, which consists in the insertion of surgical tools through artificial or natural orifices, is spreading rapidly. Even though this technique presents numerous advantages for the patient, it presents many constraints for the surgeon. Many robotic devices have been developed to improve the working conditions of the surgeons. These solutions are based on a teleoperation or a co-manipulation of the surgical tool. The lever arm model has been used in the control of the instrument through an orifice. In this thesis, it is shown that a small calibration error in the lever arm problem can lead to a big static error and even to a divergence during automatic displacements in a Minimally Invasive Surgery context. To minimize the efforts applied to the insertion area, this thesis focuses on a free-wrist anthropomorphic robot. To automatically move with accuracy, the interaction between the robot wrist and the tool point needs to be known at every time step. Two estimators have been developed and implemented in a control law for a wrist free anthropomorphic robot. This control law has been tested on a experimental setup simulating the insertion of a surgical tool through an orifice. The need to take the tissues deformations into account once demonstrated for surgeries such as prostate or uterine biopsy, the control law has been used in a visual servoing loop based on ultrasound images. This visual servoing can be used to control the position of an ultrasound probe for prostate biopsies
Bloch-Michel, Valérie. „Logiciel d'estimation de paramètres cinétiques de processus élémentaires en phase gazeuse“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL010N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDavid, Noemi. „Incompressible limit and well-posedness of PDE models of tissue growth“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS235.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoth compressible and incompressible porous medium models have been used in the literature to describe the mechanical aspects of living tissues, and in particular of tumor growth. Using a stiff pressure law, it is possible to build a link between these two different representations. In the incompressible limit, compressible models generate free boundary problems of Hele-Shaw type where saturation holds in the moving domain. Our work aims at investigating the stiff pressure limit of reaction-advection-porous medium equations motivated by tumor development. Our first study concerns the analysis and numerical simulation of a model including the effect of nutrients. Then, a coupled system of equations describes the cell density and the nutrient concentration. For this reason, the derivation of the pressure equation in the stiff limit was an open problem for which the strong compactness of the pressure gradient is needed. To establish it, we use two new ideas: an L3-version of the celebrated Aronson-Bénilan estimate, also recently applied to related problems, and a sharp uniform L4-bound on the pressure gradient. We further investigate the sharpness of this bound through a finite difference upwind scheme, which we prove to be stable and asymptotic preserving. Our second study is centered around porous medium equations including convective effects. We are able to extend the techniques developed for the nutrient case, hence finding the complementarity relation on the limit pressure. Moreover, we provide an estimate of the convergence rate at the incompressible limit. Finally, we study a multi-species system. In particular, we account for phenotypic heterogeneity, including a structured variable into the problem. In this case, a cross-(degenerate)-diffusion system describes the evolution of the phenotypic distributions. Adapting methods recently developed in the context of two-species systems, we prove existence of weak solutions and we pass to the incompressible limit. Furthermore, we prove new regularity results on the total pressure, which is related to the total density by a power law of state
Chaput, Ludovic. „Compréhension de l'énantiosélectivité de la lipase B de Candida antarctica : étude par modélisation moléculaire et expérimentation“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825876.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFeuardent, Valérie. „Amélioration des modèles par recalage : application aux structures spatiales“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLang, Humblot Karine. „Etude et réalisation d'un magnétomètre à résonance magnétique nucléaire à polarisation dynamique pour les applications en forage pétrolier“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndriaminahy, Nofinidy Ho Fanilo. „Estimation optimisée de l'utilisation de l'énergie sur un véhicule électrique“. Thèse, 2021. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9677/1/eprint9677.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle„Tests exacts de stabilité structurelle et estimation ensembliste des élasticités dans les systèmes de demande avec applications en économie de l'énergie et du transport“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23803/23803.pdf.
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