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Sekiya, Yusuke, Shungo Sakashita, Keisuke Shimizu, Kenji Usui und Ryuji Kawano. „Channel current analysis estimates the pore-formation and the penetration of transmembrane peptides“. Analyst 143, Nr. 15 (2018): 3540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00243f.
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Gilbert, Robert, und Joseph R. Desloges. „The late Quaternary sedimentary record of Stave Lake, southwestern British Columbia“. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, Nr. 9 (01.09.1992): 1997–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-155.
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The postglacial sedimentary record of 59 km2 Stave Lake was investigated using 3.5 kHz subbottom profiles and cores from the sediment surface. The acoustic data show a thin cover of acoustically transparent sediment (unit 1) overlying bedrock or glacial sediment on the floor of the lake. Overlying acoustically stratified sediment is divided into unit 2, which thins from 28 m in the south of the lake to less than 12 m in the north, and unit 3, which thins from 20 m in the north to about 12 m in the south. Unit 1 is interpreted as resulting from deposition in a relatively quiet lacustrine or marine environment following retreat of Vashon glaciers about 13 ka ago. Unit 2 is ascribed to deposits of sediment in runoff to Stave Lake from the Sumas ice sheet in the Fraser Valley and connecting valleys to the Stave Basin. Following the retreat of the Sumas ice about 11 ka ago, deposition of unit 3 resulted almost entirely from sediment input from Stave River entering at the north end of the lake. Raising the lake in 1912 by damming for hydroelectric generation resulted in deposition of a thin but distinct marker horizon in the sediment, from which modern rates of accumulation averaging 3 mm/a are estimated. These are more than twice the average rates for the Holocene estimated from the total thickness of unit 3. The rates of sediment yield calculated from accumulation in Stave Lake are 4.5 × 105 kg∙km−2∙a−1 (modern) and less than 2 × 105 kg∙km−2∙a−1 (averaged over the Holocene).
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Szilágyi, Kata, und Anette Sand-Eriksen. „Medieval Norwegian Wooden (Stave) Churches: Built Heritage and Places of Memory“. Hungarian Archaeology 10, Nr. 1 (2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36338/ha.2021.1.5.
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This paper focuses on the Norwegian medieval religious buildings called stave churches. The word stave (meaning ‘post, pole’ in Norwegian) derives from the buildings’ post and lintel construction, giving the churches their characteristic style. The structures display a highly developed tradition of wooden Christian buildings, which during the Middle Ages (1050–1500) where the most common in Norway, their number can be estimated at around a thousand. There were probably at least as widespread in other areas (e.g. on the territory of present-day Germany and Russia), but they did not remain in such a large number from the early period. However, the number have declined dramatically, and today only 28 are preserved. The article aims to expand the knowledge of the unique and irreplaceable wooden architecture of the stave churches. Although we consider the wooden churches to be one of the characteristics of Scandinavia traditionally, they mix and carry the influences of other cultures and countries. The heritage and memorial role of wooden churches, as well as the motif of the combination of different architectural and religious elements, represent an interesting comparison to similar phenomena in the Carpathian Basin. Transylvania and especially the Maramureş region are also famous for their wooden churches and the rich carved and painted iconostasis.
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Morad, Amin Moniri, und Javad Sattarvand. „CONDITION MONITORING OF OFF-HIGHWAY TRUCK TIRES AT SUNGUN COPPER MINE USING NEURAL NETWORKS / MONITOROWANIE STANU TECHNICZNEGO OPON W CIĘŻKICH POJAZDACH TERENOWYCH EKSPLOATOWANYCH W KOPALNI MIEDZI SUNGUN, PRZY UŻYCIU SIECI NEURONOWYCH“. Archives of Mining Sciences 58, Nr. 4 (01.12.2013): 1133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0077.
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Abstract Maintenance cost of the equipment is one of the most important portions of the operating expenditures in mines; therefore, any change in the equipment productivity can lead to major changes in the unit cost of the production. This clearly shows the importance and necessity of using novel maintenance methods instead of traditional approaches, in order to reach the minimum sudden occurrence of the equipment failure. For instance, the tires are costly components in maintenance which should be regularly inspected and replaced among different axles. The paper investigates the current condition of equipment tires at Sungun Copper Mine and uses neural networks to estimate the wear of the tires. The Input parameters of the network composed of initial tread depth, time of inspection and consumed tread depth by the time of inspection. The output of the network is considered as the residual service time ratio of the tires. The network trained by the feed-forward back propagation learning algorithm. Results revealed a good coincidence between the real and estimated values as 96.6% of correlation coefficient. Hence, better decisions could be made about the tires to reduce the sudden failures and equipment breakdowns.
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Jakubiec, Dorota, Weronika Jarnut, Wiesława Jonak, Krystyna Chromik und Krzysztof A. Sobiech. „Body composition and the quality of life estimated by the General Health Questionnaire by David Goldberg (GHQ-12) in women aged 55-60 years“. Menopausal Review 6 (2012): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2012.32541.
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Dlouhy, Brian J., Dennis C. Nguyen, Kamlesh B. Patel, Gwendolyn M. Hoben, Gary B. Skolnick, Sybill D. Naidoo, Albert S. Woo und Matthew D. Smyth. „Endoscope-assisted management of sagittal synostosis: wide vertex suturectomy and barrel stave osteotomies versus narrow vertex suturectomy“. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 18, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2016): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.6.peds1623.
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OBJECTIVE Endoscope-assisted methods for treatment of craniosynostosis have reported benefits over open calvarial vault reconstruction. In this paper, the authors evaluated 2 methods for endoscope-assisted correction of sagittal synostosis: wide vertex suturectomy and barrel stave osteotomies (WVS+BSO) and narrow vertex suturectomy (NVS). METHODS The authors evaluated patients with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis treated with either wide vertex suturectomy (4–6 cm) and barrel stave osteotomies (WVS+BSO) or narrow vertex suturectomy (NVS) (approximately 2 cm) between October 2006 and July 2013. Prospectively collected data included patient age, sex, operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative hemoglobin level, number of transfusions, complications, and cephalic index. Fourteen patients in the NVS group were age matched to 14 patients in the WVS+BSO group. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Student t-tests were used to compare prospectively obtained data from the WVS+BSO group with the NVS group in a series of univariate analyses. RESULTS The mean age at surgery was 3.9 months for WVS+BSO and 3.8 months for NVS. The mean operative time for patients undergoing NVS was 59.0 minutes, significantly less than the 83.4-minute operative time for patients undergoing WVS+BSO (p < 0.05). The differences in mean EBL (NVS: 25.4 ml; WVS+BSO: 27.5 ml), mean postoperative hemoglobin level (NVS: 8.6 g/dl; WVS+BSO: 8.0 g/dl), mean preoperative cephalic index (NVS: 69.9; WVS+BSO: 68.2), and mean cephalic index at 1 year of age (NVS: 78.1; WVS+BSO: 77.2) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The NVS and WVS+BSO produced nearly identical clinical results, as cephalic index at 1 year of age was similar between the 2 approaches. However, the NVS required fewer procedural steps and significantly less operative time than the WVS+BSO. The NVS group obtained the final cephalic index in a similar amount of time postoperatively as the WVS+BSO group. Complications, transfusion rates, and EBL were not different between the 2 techniques.
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Jones, Patrick R. „Protecting the Consumer From Getting Burned: the FDA, the Administrative Process, and the Tentative Final Monograph on Over-the-Counter Sunscreens“. American Journal of Law & Medicine 20, Nr. 3 (1994): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007206.
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As consumers have become enlightened to the dangers of the sun, they have turned increasingly to sunscreens to stave off not only a sunburn but also life-threatening skin cancer. In the last decade, the incidence of skin cancer has grown a startling 500%. The increase in the number of skin cancers in adults is most likely the result of exposure to the sun as a child. Therefore, the current and continued rise in the number of skin cancers in adults is not remediable. However, as adult consumers seek to prevent further damage to their skin and protect their children from the same fate, the market for sunscreens has grown and is estimated to be worth between $170 and $650 million dollars. The increased demand for sunscreens, combined with the incorporation of sunprotection ingredients into everyday products such as makeup and skin lotions, has led the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to subject sunscreens to increased regulatory scrutiny.
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Murata, Michio, Yusuke Kasai, Yuichi Umegawa, Naohiro Matsushita, Hiroshi Tsuchikawa, Nobuaki Matsumori und Tohru Oishi. „Ion channel complex of antibiotics as viewed by NMR“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, Nr. 6 (05.05.2009): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-08-37.
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Amphotericin B (AmB) exerts its pharmacological effects by forming a barrel-stave assembly in fungal membranes. To examine the interaction between AmB and ergosterol or cholesterol, 13C- and 19F-labeled covalent conjugates were prepared and subjected to solid-state NMR measurements. Using rotor-synchronous double resonance experiments such as REDOR and RDX, we estimated the distance between the fluorine atom and its nearest carbon in the heptaene moiety to be less than 8.6 Å, indicating that the B ring of ergosterol comes close to the AmB polyene moiety. Conformational search of the AmB-ergosterol conjugate using the NMR-derived constraints suggested that ergosterol molecules surround the AmB assembly in contrast to the conventional image where ergosterol is inserted into AmB molecules. AmB-AmB bimolecular interaction was examined by using 13C- and 19F-labeld AmBs in dimyritoylphosphatidylcholine membrane without sterols. 13C-19F dipolar interactions deriving from both head-to-head and head-to-tail orientations were observed in the REDOR experiments. The interactions between AmB and acyl chains of the phospholipid were also detected.
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Ferwati, Salim, Cynthia Skelhorn, Vivek Shandas und Yasuyo Makido. „A Comparison of Neighborhood-Scale Interventions to Alleviate Urban Heat in Doha, Qatar“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 3 (30.01.2019): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030730.
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Recent evidence suggests that many densely populated areas of the world will be uninhabitable in the coming century due to the depletion of resources, climate change, and increasing urbanization. This poses serious questions regarding the actions that require immediate attention, and opportunities to stave off massive losses of infrastructure, populations, and financial investments. The present study utilizes microclimate modeling to examine the role of landscape features as they affect ambient temperatures in one of the fastest growing regions of the world: Doha, Qatar. By modeling three study sites around Doha—one highly urbanized, one newly urbanizing, and one coastal low-density urbanized—the research indicates that at the neighborhood scale, the most effective scenario was that of adding mature trees along the sides of roads. In the coastal study area, the model results estimated a maximum hourly air temperature reduction of 1.35 °C, and in the highly urbanized inland site, surface temperature reductions were up to 15 °C at 12:00. While other scenarios were effective at reducing air and surface temperatures, the mean radiant temperature was also increased or nearly neutral for most of the other scenarios. This result highlights the need to develop improved shading measures for pedestrian pathways and outdoor recreational areas, especially for highly urbanized inland areas in Doha and cities with similar climatic conditions.
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Dowling, Maritza, Hiroko Dodge, Antonio Puente und Beverly Lunsford. „Can Social Connections Improve Dementia Knowledge Among Homebound Community-Dwelling Older African Americans?“ Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.930.
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Abstract Despite the clear and compelling association between social connections and well-being, the underlying mechanisms that help stave off adverse health impacts are not well understood, particularly among older adults in disadvantaged groups. Social relationships in older age may be instrumental for exchanging and gaining knowledge that further influence health and help increase awareness about misconceptions and lifestyle behaviors known to delay or reduce cognitive decline. This study used cross-sectional survey data from 147(aged 58-90 years; 75% female) low-income African American homebound community dwellers to investigate heterogeneity in dementia literacy profiles and its association with social connectedness. Eleven items (false=0, true=1, don’t know=2) from a validated instrument were used to measure dementia literacy (DL). The Lubben’s social network scale was used for a social connectedness construct. We employed a 2-stage latent class modeling approach to examine heterogeneity in DL and estimate the regressions among the derived classes and the predictors (social connectedness, education level and age). A 3-class model produced a reasonable fit and classification (entropy=0.852) of “dementia literacy patterns” labeled as (high-literacy:37%), moderate-literacy:45.2%), low-literacy:17.8%)). Social connectedness was highly predictive of class membership. A high level of social relationships increased the probability of being in the “high-dementia-literacy” class compared to the “low-dementia-literacy” class (OR=2.189, p=0.016). For a unit increase in social connectedness, the odds of being in the “high-dementia-literacy” class compared to the “low-dementia-literacy” class increased by a factor of 2.2. Tailored and focused interventions to reduce social disconnectedness may also help increase dementia awareness and reduce barriers to early diagnosis.
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Wilson, R. P., K. Pütz, D. Grémillet, B. M. Culik, M. Kierspel, J. Regel, C. A. Bost, J. Lage und J. Cooper. „Reliability of stomach temperature changes in determining feeding characteristics of seabirds“. Journal of Experimental Biology 198, Nr. 5 (01.05.1995): 1115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.5.1115.
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We examined the accuracy of stomach temperature archival units (STAUs), which are typically used to determine feeding activity in marine endotherms, with regard to determination of the time of prey ingestion as well as the number of prey items ingested and their masses. Units were deployed in nine species of free-living seabirds, where feeding conditions were uncontrolled, eight species of captive seabirds, where feeding conditions could be partially controlled, and in laboratory stomach simulations, where variables could be strictly controlled. The quality of data obtained on the timing of feeding, the mass ingested and the number of prey items ingested was subject to two main sources of error (i) those induced by changes in animal activity and (ii) those resulting from the physical form of the STAUs themselves. Animal activity factors considered important included the following: variability in (a) body temperature, (b) stomach blood perfusion, (c) consistency of stomach contents and (d) stomach churning and changes in body orientation. The physical form (size and buoyancy) of the STAU affected the location of the unit within the stomach, and thus the likelihood that ingested prey comes into contact with the sensor. The timing of prey ingestion can generally be determined accurately; however, considerable errors in mass estimates can occur if data acquired using STAUs are not critically assessed. An understanding of these sources of errors will allow researchers to construct STAUs appropriate to the species being studied and to analyze data critically so that errors are reduced.
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Bakhtiyari, Reza, und Alireza Amini. „Features of Oppression and Wastage Resulting in Liability in the Law and Jurisprudence“. Journal of Politics and Law 9, Nr. 6 (31.07.2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n6p188.
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<p>The subject of oppression and wastage and liability arising from it, involve a significant part of the relationship between human beings with each other and the relationship between natural and legal persons. This has long been the most important issues and has been subjected to human, and in Islamic jurisprudence considered as the cause and contraption of liability; such a way that sometimes acceptance actions (oppression) and sometimes deprivation actions (wastage) caused harm to others. In law and religion, the rule of acceptance and denial actions has been explicitly stated. However, there are some cases as well which no special rule has been stated for them but in majority cases, omission or doing an action to stave off the losses from other is necessary. So it is necessary the aspects related to this topic to be explained properly. Hence, this question arises, what are the features of oppression and wastage led to liability in jurisprudence and consequently the rights derived from it?</p><p>Although in the case law according to the rule of Estimate (asking for something on loan), the liability of the authorized person in possession of the property has been removed despite the oppression and wastage the trustee is considered traitors and bondsman. In fulfillment of oppression and wastage and the liability resulted from that insight and intention of authorized person has no interfered and effect and oppression and wastage are the bases of liability and civil responsibility. Of achievements of this study which has been done descriptive-analytic is introduction and explanation of proper criteria for identifying oppression and wastage in cases where in the law and the jurisprudence have not been mentioned.</p>
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Dille, Marilyn F., Debra Wilmington, Garnett P. McMillan, Wendy Helt, Stephen A. Fausti und Dawn Konrad-Martin. „Development and Validation of a Cisplatin Dose-Ototoxicity Model“. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, Nr. 07 (Juli 2012): 510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.7.3.
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Background: Cisplatin is effective in the treatment of several cancers but is a known ototoxin resulting in shifts to hearing sensitivity in up to 50–60% of patients. Cisplatin-induced hearing shifts tend to occur first within an octave of a patient’s high frequency hearing limit, termed the sensitive range for ototoxicity (SRO), and progress to lower frequencies. While it is currently not possible to know which patients will experience ototoxicity without testing their hearing directly, monitoring the SRO provides an early indication of damage. A tool to help forecast susceptibility to ototoxic-induced changes in the SRO in advance of each chemotherapy treatment visit may prove useful for ototoxicity monitoring efforts, patient counseling, and therapeutic planning. Purpose: This project was designed to (1) establish pretreatment risk curves that quantify the probability that a new patient will suffer hearing loss within the SRO during treatment with cisplatin and (2) evaluate the accuracy of these predictions in an independent sample of Veterans receiving cisplatin for the treatment of cancer. Study Sample: Two study samples were used. The Developmental sample contained 23 subjects while the Validation sample consisted of 12 subjects. Data Collection and Analysis: Risk curve predictions for SRO threshold shifts following cisplatin exposure were developed using a Developmental sample comprised of data from a total of 155 treatment visits obtained in 45 ears of 23 Veterans. Pure-tone thresholds were obtained within each subject’s SRO at each treatment visit and compared with baseline measures. The risk of incurring an SRO shift was statistically modeled as a function of factors related to chemotherapy treatment (cisplatin dose, radiation treatment, doublet medication) and patient status (age, pre-exposure hearing, cancer location and stage). The model was reduced so that only statistically significant variables were included. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were then used to determine the accuracy of the risk curve predictions in an independent Validation sample of observations from over 62 treatment visits obtained in 24 ears of 12 Veterans. Results: Only cumulative cisplatin dose and pre-exposure hearing were found to be significantly related to the risk for hearing shift. The dose-ototoxicity risk curve predictions developed from the Developmental sample yielded area under the ROC curve accuracy estimates of 0.85 when applied to an independent Validation sample. Conclusions: Cumulative cisplatin dose in combination with pre-exposure hearing provides an indication of whether hearing will shift in the SRO in advance of cisplatin administration. The validated dose-ototoxicity risk curves described herein can be used before and during treatment to anticipate hearing loss. While having such a tool would not replace serial hearing testing, it would be of great benefit to an ototoxicity monitoring program. It would promote relevant pretreatment counseling. Furthermore, for those found to be at risk of SRO shifts within the speech frequencies, the oncology treatment plan could incorporate anticipated dosing adjustments that could stave off the impact that ototoxicity might bring.
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Qiu, Yang, Soizic Lacampagne, Marie Mirabel, Martine Mietton-Peuchot und Rémy Ghidossi. „Oxygen desorption and oxygen transfer through oak staves and oak stave gaps: an innovative permeameter“. OENO One 52, Nr. 1 (08.02.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2018.52.1.909.
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During wine aging, several complex phenomena take place in barrels according to oak’s intrinsic physical properties. This research aims to better understand oxygen desorption and oxygen transfer phenomena through oak staves and especially through stave gaps in order to reevaluate the importance of barrel-making in barrel’s oxygen supply. Experimentation was based on the development of an innovative permeameter. With this permeameter, we could estimate gas transfer through oak staves and between oak stave gaps. With a specially developed tightening system, the existing pressure at stave gaps in a barrel could be reproduced on a laboratory scale in order to estimate its influence on oxygen transfer efficiency. Results proved that oxygen transfer through intact oak wood is limited; the main oxygen transfer takes place (i) through weak zones caused by fragile contact between staves and (ii) with low pressure between two staves (mainly in the middle of the side pieces). So, it is identified that oxygen transfer through stave gaps is largely impacted by applied pressure and by contact conditions on the surfaces of adjacent staves. This research also proves that oxygen desorption plays an important part in total oxygen ingress. These results confirm that the barrel-making process has a strong impact on a barrel’s oxygen supply during the aging process.
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van Daalen, Sjoerd. „Can We Estimate Felling Intervals for Barrels without Sapwood?“ International Journal of Wood Culture, 30.07.2021, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27723194-20210010.
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Abstract Oak barrels are a common find in excavations in the Netherlands. Despite the availability of numerous dendrochronological samples (staves) for each barrel, sapwood is often absent; this limits the usefulness of dendrochronology for the interpretation of the context because only the earliest possible felling date can be given. When there is no sapwood present on any staves, a close grouping of dates for the outermost rings suggests that this marks the transition from heartwood to sapwood (the heartwood–sapwood transition). If the presence of the heartwood–sapwood transition can be determined, a more accurate felling interval can be established. Historical sources on the production of staves refer to a consistent production, whereby the sapwood and as little heartwood as possible was removed. To determine whether dendrochronological dates consistently group near the heartwood–sapwood transition, an objective and repeatable methodology was used to avoid relying on personal estimates. The dendrochronological data shows evidence for a consistent stave production process. This does not apply to all cases. In some cases, the results are unconvincing, while evidence for the absence of consistent production was also found. This is not a universally applicable method, but it can provide accurate felling intervals for a number of barrels, despite the absence of sapwood.
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KURKA, J. M., J. VEZINA, D. D. BROWN, J. SCHUMACHER, R. W. CULLEN und K. R. LAURSON. „COMBINED INCREASES IN MUSCLE-STRENGTHENING ACTIVITY FREQUENCY AND PROTEIN INTAKE REVEAL GRADED RELATIONSHIP WITH FAT-FREE MASS PERCENTAGE IN U.S. ADULTS, NHANES (1999-2004)“. Journal of Frailty & Aging, 2015, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2015.37.
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Background: Age-related loss of muscle mass and related ailments are of concern due to associations with disabilities and morbidity as well as constituting a substantial healthcare burden. Muscle-strengthening activities and adequate protein ingestion are recommended for all-age adults in an effort to stave off age-related muscle atrophy. Muscle building abilities decline with age but most research focuses on muscle wasting in the elderly. Objectives: To examine the independent and combined associations of protein intake (g∙kg-1∙day-1) and muscle-strengthening frequency (times∙week-1, MSF) on fat-free mass percentage (FFM%). Design Setting and Participants: This cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample with data from the non-institutionalized persons in the United States participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (cycles 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004) consisted of male (n=2,499) and female (n=2,373) participants 20-49 years of age for analyses. Measurements: MSF was determined by self-report and protein intake was calculated from a 24-hour recall. Differences in FFM% from bioelectrical impedance analysis was estimated using multiple linear regression models controlling for education, race-ethnicity, standing height, and total Caloric intake. Results: One unit increase in MSF or protein intake (β-coefficient, ±SE) was associated with significantly more FFM% in males (0.6±0.1%; 3.5±0.4%) and females (0.4±0.1%; 5.9±0.4%). Independent of protein intake, males and females with MSF=0 had mean ±SE FFM% of 74.4±0.4 and 60.7±0.3, respectively, while mean ±SE FFM% of males and females who met the recommendation of ≥2 times per week were 77.9±0.5 and 63.0±0.4. Independent of MSF, males and females with protein intakes below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g∙kg-1∙day-1 had mean ±SE FFM% of 74.0±0.6 and 58.2±0.6, respectively, while mean ±SE FFM% of those whose intakes exceeded the recommendation were 75.6±0.4 and 62.0±0.4. The subgroup with the highest mean ±SE FFM% (80.9 ±0.73) comprised males with MSF ≥2 times per week who also consumed >1.4 g∙kg-1∙day-1. Conclusion: The MSF-protein intake dose relationship with FFM% suggests that performing muscle-strengthening activities >2 times per week while consuming protein above the RDA may result in more fat-free mass and slow age-related losses of muscle mass.