Dissertationen zum Thema „Équations Différentielles Ordinaires neuronales“
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Monsel, Thibault. „Deep Learning for Partially Observed Dynamical Systems“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePartial Differential Equations (PDEs) are the cornerstone of modeling dynamical systems across various scientific disciplines. Traditionally, scientists employ a rigorous methodology to interact with physical processes, collect empirical data, and derive theoretical models. However, even when these models align closely with observed data, which is often not the case, the necessary simplifications made for study and simulation can obscure our understanding of the underlying phenomena.This thesis explores how data acquired from dynamical systems can be utilized to improve and/or derive better models. The manuscript focuses particularly on partially observed dynamics, where the system's full state is not completely measured or observed. Through the theory of partially observed systems, including the Mori-Zwanzig formalism and Takens' theorem, we motivate a non-Markovian structure, specifically Delay Differential Equations (DDEs).By combining the expressive power of neural networks with DDEs, we propose novel models for partially observed systems. As neural network-based DDEs (Neural DDEs) are still in their infancy, we extend the current state of the art in this field by studying and benchmarking Neural DDE models with a-priori known arbitrary delay types across a variety of dynamical systems. These benchmarks include systems, with time-dependent and state-dependent delays. Building upon these investigations, we then explore the parameterization of constant delays in Neural DDEs. Our findings demonstrate that introducing learnable constant delays, as opposed to fixed delay configurations, results in improved overall performance in dynamical system modeling and fitting.We then apply the non-Markovian Neural DDEs with learnable constant delays to dynamical system closure and correction modeling, demonstrating improved long-term accuracy compared to Ordinary Differential Equation terms. Lastly, we explore the use of Neural DDEs in the context of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for controlling dynamical systems
Wone, Oumar. „Théorie des invariants des équations différentielles : équations d’Abel et de Riccati“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14481/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract
Bohé, Adriana. „Sauts singuliers dans des problèmes de perturbation singulière d'équations différentielles ordinaires“. Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCherif, Abdoul Aziz. „Contribution à la recherche de solutions périodiques d'équations différentielles fonctionnelles et de systèmes ordinaires forcés“. Pau, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PAUU3010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChen, Guoting. „Solutions formelles de systèmes d'équations différentielles ordinaires linéaires homogènes“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338379.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAyachi, Moez. „Méthodes fonctionnelles et variationnelles pour l'existence des solutions presque-périodiques des équations différentielles ordinaires à retard“. Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVilmart, Gilles. „Étude d'intégrateurs géométriques pour des équations différentielles“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans la première partie, on introduit une nouvelle approche de construction d'intégrateurs numériques géométriques d'ordre élevé en s'inspirant de la théorie des équations différentielles modifiées. Le cas des méthodes développables en B-séries est spécifiquement analysé et on introduit une nouvelle loi de composition sur les B-séries. L'efficacité de cette approche est illustrée par la construction d'un nouvel intégrateur géométrique d'ordre élevé pour les équations du mouvement d'un corps rigide. On obtient également une méthode numérique précise pour le calcul de points conjugués pour les géodésiques du corps rigide.
Dans la seconde partie, on étudie dans quelle mesure les excellentes performances des méthodes symplectiques, pour l'intégration à long terme en astronomie et en dynamique moléculaire, persistent pour les problèmes de contrôle optimal. On discute également l'extension de la théorie des équations modifiées aux problèmes de contrôle optimal.
Dans le même esprit que les équations modifiées, on considère dans la dernière partie des méthodes de pas fractionnaire (splitting) pour les systèmes hamiltoniens perturbés, utilisant des potentiels modifiés. On termine par la construction de méthodes de splitting d'ordre élevé avec temps complexes pour les équations aux dérivées partielles paraboliques, notamment les problèmes de réaction-diffusion en chimie.
N'Diaye, Mamadou. „Étude et développement de méthodes numériques d’ordre élevé pour la résolution des équations différentielles ordinaires (EDO) : Applications à la résolution des équations d'ondes acoustiques et électromagnétiques“. Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we study and develop different families of time integration schemes for linear ODEs. After presenting the space discretisation methods and a review of classical Runge-Kutta schemes in the first part, we construct high-order A-stable time integration schemes for an arbitrary order with low-dissipation and low-dispersion effects in the second part. Then we develop explicit schemes with an optimal CFL number for a typical profile of spectrum. The obtained CFL number and the efficiency on the typical profile for each explicit scheme are given. Pursuing our aim, we propose a methodology to construct locally implicit methods of arbitrary order. We present the locally implicit methods obtained from the combination of the A-stable implicit schemes we have developed and explicit schemes with optimal CFL number. We use them to solve the acoustic wave equation and provide convergence curves demonstrating the performance of the obtained schemes. In addition of the different 1D and 2D validation tests performed while solving the acoustic wave equation, we present numerical simulation results for 3D acoustic wave and the Maxwell’s equations in the last part
Vilmart, Gilles. „Méthodes numériques géométriques et multi-échelles pour les équations différentielles (in English)“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840733.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHonore, Igor. „Estimations non-asymptotiques de mesures invariantes et régularisation par un bruit dégénéré de chaînes d’équations différentielles ordinaires“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part of this thesis, we aim to estimate the invariant distribution of an ergodic process driven by a Stochastic Differential Equation. The ergodic theorem suggests us to consider the empirical measure associated with a discretization scheme of the process which can be regarded as a discretization of the occupation measure of the process.Lamberton and Pagès introduced an algorithm of discretization with decreasing time steps which allows the convergence of the empirical measure toward the invariant distribution of the process, they also provide a central limit theorem (CLT) which asymptotically quantifies the deviations between these both measures.We establish non-asymptotic concentration inequality for the empirical measure deviations (in accordance with the previously mentioned CLT), and also we give some controls of the solution of the associated Poisson equation which is useful for this concentration inequalities.In a second part, we establish some Schauder controls associated with parabolic equations related with a degenerate stochastic system, where the drift is a vector field satisfying a weak Hörmander condition like.But we aim to suppose only the minimal H"older regularity.This work is an extension of the estimates given by Delarue and Menozzi (2010).Finally, our approach allows us to proof the strong uniqueness of the considered stochastic equation in a H"older regularity framework. Our results extend the controls of Chaudru de Raynal (2017) for the dimension equal to 2
Boussaada, Islam. „Contribution à l'étude des solutions périodiques et des centres isochrones des systèmes d'équations différentielles ordinaires plans“. Phd thesis, Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part (which is an already published paper, written in collaboration with R. Chouikha) is devoted to the search of periodic solutions of "generalized Liénard equation". A theorem is proved which insures the existence of such solutions under appropriate assumptions. The second part is devoted to the search of isochronous centers of the planar polynomial systems of ordinary differential equations. Using C-algorithm we determine eight new cases of isochronous centers. We prove also the efficiency of the normal forms method for such investigations ; studying some systems of order 2, 3, 4 and recovering in uniform way some already known results
Boussaada, Islam. „Contribution à l'étude des solutions périodiques et des centres isochrones des systèmes d'équations différentielles ordinaires plans“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie, (il s'agit d'un travail publié et écrit en collaboration avec R. Chouikha) est consacré à la recherche des solutions périodiques de « l'équation de Liénard généralisée ». On démontre un théorème qui asure dans certains cas l'existence de telles solutions.
La seconde partie est consacré à la recherche de centres isochrones de systèmes d'équations différentielles ordinaires polynomiaux plans. Grâce à l'usage de C-algorithme, on détermine huit nouveaux cas. On montre aussi l'efficacité de la méthode des formes normales dans de telles recherches, en examinant des systèmes d'ordre 2, 3, 4 et en retrouvant de manière uniforme plusieurs résultats déjà connus.
Sarmis, Merdan. „Etude de l'activité neuronale : optimisation du temps de simulation et stabilité des modèles“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH3848/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComputational Neuroscience consists in studying the nervous system through modeling and simulation. It is to characterize the laws of biology by using mathematical models integrating all known experimental data. From a practical point of view, the more realistic the model, the largest the required computational resources. The issue of complexity and accuracy is a well known problem in the modeling and identification of models. The research conducted in this thesis aims at improving the simulation of mathematical models representing the physical and chemical behavior of synaptic receptors. Models of synaptic receptors are described by ordinary differential equations (ODE), and are resolved with numerical procedures. In order to optimize the performance of the simulations, I have implemented various ODE numerical resolution methods. To facilitate the selection of the best solver, a method, requiring a minimum amount of information, has been proposed. This method allows choosing the best solver in order to optimize the simulation. The method demonstrates that the dynamic of a model has greater influence on the solver performances than the kinetic scheme of the model. In addition, to characterize pathogenic behavior, a parameter optimization is performed. However, some parameter values lead to unstable models. A stability study allowed for determining the stability of the models with parameters provided by the literature, but also to trace the stability constraints depending to these parameters. Compliance with these constraints ensures the stability of the models studied during the optimization phase, and therefore the success of the procedure to study pathogen models
Forget, Thomas. „Points tournants dégénérés“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous montrerons ensuite, pour une classe générale d'équations de ce type, l'existence de solutions "canard". À la suite de quoi, nous étudierons asymptotiquement ces solutions à travers la mise en place d'un cadre formel général. La correspondance ainsi mise en place nous permettra d'implémenter le développement asymptotique en puissances du petit paramètre de perturbation de ces solutions.
Carra, Alexandre. „Modèle physique discret et systèmes différentiels : vers l'élaboration d'un simulateur cellulaire“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a first step towards the elaboration of a cellular simulator for the biologists. We propose a dynamic 3D approach for the modeling of biological systems by combining mechanisms of diverse origin (cell elasticity, cytoskeleton dynamics, chemical reactions) at different time (from the second to the minute) and length scales (from micrometers to tens of millimeters). Thus, an explicit relationship is established between the chemical reactions hosted by the cell and the dynamics of its movement while taking into account the extracellular signaling. We are also interested in the interaction laws between biological objects and we pay particular attention to describe several types of contacts (cell-cell, cell-substrate), their dynamic evolution (sliding, rolling) and the consequences on cellular or tissular architecture
Carra, Alexandre. „Modèle physique discret et systèmes différentiels : vers l'élaboration d'un simulateur cellulaire“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElias, Jan. „Modélisation mathématique du rôle et de la dynamique temporelle de la protéine p53 après dommages à l'ADN induits par les médicaments anticancéreux“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066253/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVarious molecular pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic models have been proposed in the last decades to represent and predict drug effects in anticancer therapies. Most of these models are cell population based models since clearly measurable effects of drugs can be seen on populations of (healthy and tumour) cells much more easily than in individual cells.The actual targets of drugs are, however, cells themselves. The drugs in use either disrupt genome integrity by causing DNA strand breaks and consequently initiate programmed cell death or block cell proliferation mainly by inhibiting proteins (cdks) that enable cells to proceed from one cell cycle phase to another. DNA damage caused by cytotoxic drugs or $\gamma$-irradiation activates, among others, the p53 protein-modulated signalling pathways that directly or indirectly force the cell to make a decision between survival and death.The thesis aims to explore closely intracellular pathways involving p53, ``the guardian of the genome", initiated by DNA damage and thus to provide oncologists with a rationale to predict and optimise the effects of anticancer drugs in the clinic. It describes p53 activation and regulation in single cells following their exposure to DNA damaging agents. We show that dynamical patterns that have been observed in individual cells can be reconstructed and predicted by compartmentalisation of cellular events occurring either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm, and by describing protein interactions, using both ordinary and partial differential equations, among several key antagonists including ATM, p53, Mdm2 and Wip1, in each compartment and in between them. Recently observed positive role of Mdm2 in the synthesis of p53 is explored and a novel mechanism triggering oscillations is proposed. For example, new model can explain experimental observations that previous (not only our) models could not, e.g., excitability of p53.Using mathematical methods we look closely on how a stimulus (e.g., $\gamma$-radiation or drugs used in chemotherapy) is converted to a specific (spatio-temporal) pattern of p53 whereas such specific p53 dynamics as a transmitter of cellular information can modulate cellular outcomes, e.g., cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Mathematical ODE and reaction-diffusion PDE models are thus used to see how the (spatio-temporal) behaviour of p53 is shaped and what possible applications in cancer treatment this behaviour might have. Protein-protein interactions are considered as enzyme reactions. We present some mathematical results for enzyme reactions, among them the large-time behaviour of the reaction-diffusion system for the reversible enzyme reaction treated by an entropy approach. To our best knowledge this is published for the first time
Gaillard, Philippe. „Applications de la théorie de Galois différentielle aux équations différentielles linéaires d'ordre 4“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008234.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGallois, Thibaut-Hugues. „Amélioration de la rapidité d'exécution des systèmes EDO de grande taille issus de Modelica“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of systems of Ordinary Differential Equations aims at predicting the future of the considered systems. The access to the evolution of all states of a system's model allows us to predict possible drastic shifts of the states or failures, e.g. an engine blowing up, a bridge collapsin, a car consuming more gasoline etc. Solving ordinary differential equations is then an essential step of building industrial physical systems in regard to dimensioning and reliability. The solver of such ODE systems needs to be fast, accurate and relevant.In practice, it is not possible to find a continuous function as the exact solution of the real ODE problem. Consequently numerical methods are used to give discrete solutions which approximates the continuous one with a controllable error. The correct handline of this control is very important to get a relevant solution within an acceptable recovery time. Starting from existing studies of local and global errors, this thesis work goes more deeply and adjusts the time step of the integration time algorithm and solves the problem in a very efficient manner.A new scheme is proposed is this thesis, to minimize the cost of integration. Another method to improve the execution speed is to parallelize the ODE solver by using a multicore and a multiprocessor architecture. Finally, the solver has been tested with different applications from OpenModelica
Eichenmüller, Gérard. „Réduction et intégration symbolique des systèmes d'équations différentielles non-linéaires“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006744.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTestard, Laurent. „Calculs et visualisation en nombres complexes“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004965.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlavy, Pierre. „Identification des éléments clefs du métabolisme des lipides et de leurs régulateurs“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWu, Dawen. „Solving Some Nonlinear Optimization Problems with Deep Learning“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis considers four types of nonlinear optimization problems, namely bimatrix games, nonlinear projection equations (NPEs), nonsmooth convex optimization problems (NCOPs), and chance-constrained games (CCGs).These four classes of nonlinear optimization problems find extensive applications in various domains such as engineering, computer science, economics, and finance.We aim to introduce deep learning-based algorithms to efficiently compute the optimal solutions for these nonlinear optimization problems.For bimatrix games, we use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to compute Nash equilibria.Specifically, we design a CNN architecture where the input is a bimatrix game and the output is the predicted Nash equilibrium for the game.We generate a set of bimatrix games by a given probability distribution and use the Lemke-Howson algorithm to find their true Nash equilibria, thereby constructing a training dataset.The proposed CNN is trained on this dataset to improve its accuracy. Upon completion of training, the CNN is capable of predicting Nash equilibria for unseen bimatrix games.Experimental results demonstrate the exceptional computational efficiency of our CNN-based approach, at the cost of sacrificing some accuracy.For NPEs, NCOPs, and CCGs, which are more complex optimization problems, they cannot be directly fed into neural networks.Therefore, we resort to advanced tools, namely neurodynamic optimization and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), for solving these problems.Specifically, we first use a neurodynamic approach to model a nonlinear optimization problem as a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs).Then, we utilize a PINN-based model to solve the resulting ODE system, where the end state of the model represents the predicted solution to the original optimization problem.The neural network is trained toward solving the ODE system, thereby solving the original optimization problem.A key contribution of our proposed method lies in transforming a nonlinear optimization problem into a neural network training problem.As a result, we can now solve nonlinear optimization problems using only PyTorch, without relying on classical convex optimization solvers such as CVXPY, CPLEX, or Gurobi
Santos, Peretta Igor. „Evolution de modèles différentiels de systèmes complexes concrets par programmation génétique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA system is defined by its entities and their interrelations in an environment which is determined by an arbitrary boundary. Complex systems exhibit emergent behaviour without a central controller. Concrete systems designate the ones observable in reality. A model allows us to understand, to control and to predict behaviour of the system. A differential model from a system could be understood as some sort of underlying physical law depicted by either one or a set of differential equations. This work aims to investigate and implement methods to perform computer-automated system modelling. This thesis could be divided into three main stages: (1) developments of a computer-automated numerical solver for linear differential equations, partial or ordinary, based on the matrix formulation for an own customization of the Ritz-Galerkin method; (2) proposition of a fitness evaluation scheme which benefits from the developed numerical solver to guide evolution of differential models for concrete complex systems; (3) preliminary implementations of a genetic programming application to perform computer-automated system modelling. In the first stage, it is shown how the proposed solver uses Jacobi orthogonal polynomials as a complete basis for the Galerkin method and how the solver deals with auxiliary conditions of several types. Polynomial approximate solutions are achieved for several types of linear partial differential equations, including hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic problems. In the second stage, the proposed fitness evaluation scheme is developed to exploit some characteristics from the proposed solver and to perform piecewise polynomial approximations in order to evaluate differential individuals from a given evolutionary algorithm population. Finally, a preliminary implementation of a genetic programming application is presented and some issues are discussed to enable a better understanding of computer-automated system modelling. Indications for some promising subjects for future continuation researches are also addressed here, as how to expand this work to some classes of non-linear partial differential equations
Meslem, Nacim. „Atteignabilité hybride des systèmes dynamiques continus par analyse par intervalles : application à l'estimation ensembliste“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461673.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuaari, Amel. „Modèles paramétriques de processus de branchement uni et multi-types“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS109/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to propose parametric models for single and multi-type branching processes. The importance of the theory of branching processes is pointed out. Hence, developing various tools and specific concepts in several domains is important for applications. For those purpose, we recall some definitions and results of the single-and-multi-type branching processes theory in discrete and continuous case. Afterward, we focus on the methodological development of those models.In the second part, the evolution of a single population in the continuous case has been studied. Then, some parametric distribution families associated to particular branching mechanisms are explored. Recursive computational procedure and relevant properties concerning the associted probability distributions are derived from generating functions that satisfy specified linear partial differential equations. The suggested families are useful for the modeling of systems that are more coherent with population dynamics, contrarily to the usual hypothesis of Poisson distributions, that cannot be argued.In the third part, the evolution of different populations with interaction is explored. Similarly, some parametric models of homogeneous multi-type branching processes in continuous time are proposed. Afterwards, we consider a particular model where an autonomous donor parent population feeds in individuals, K types progeny populations that interacts. This model is well adapted to the study of dynamical systems of populations in interaction. This simple model, but has a rich variety of behaviors.The study of such systems is also done regarding the evolution of generating functions of multidimensional ndividual countrings. To achievea such study, ordinary and partial differential equations are used to establish the implicit equations of temporal and multidimensional distributions. Analytical and numerical methods for equation resolution are then discussed, and examples of particular models are developed.In conclusion, the relevancy of this approach is argumed, censidering parameters interpretation in the development of inference methods for the various applied domains
Jacquier, Marine. „Mathematical modeling of the hormonal regulation of food intake and body weight : applications to caloric restriction and leptin resistance“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe regulation of food intake and energy expenditure usually limits important loss or gain of body weight. Hormones (leptin, ghrelin, insulin) and nutrients (glucose, triglycerides) are among the main regulators of food intake. Leptin is also involved in leptin resistance, often associated with obesity and characterized by a reduced efficacy to regulate food intake. Mathematical models describing the dynamics of body weight have been used to assist clinical weight loss interventions or to study an experimentally inaccessible phenomenon, such as starvation experiments in humans. Modeling of the effect of hormones on body weight has however been largely ignored.In this thesis, we first consider a model of body weight regulation by hormones in rats, made of nonlinear differential equations. It describes the dynamics of food intake, body weight and energy expenditure, regulated by leptin, ghrelin and glucose. It is able to reproduce and predict the evolution of body weight and food intake in rats submitted to different patterns of caloric restriction, showing the importance of the adaptation of energy expenditure. Second, we introduce the first model of leptin resistance development, based on the regulation of food intake by leptin and leptin receptors. We show that healthy individuals may become leptin resistant and obese due to perturbations in food intake or leptin concentration. Finally, modifications of these models are presented, characterized by simplified yet realistic body weight dynamics. The models prove able to fit the previous, as well as new sets of experimental data and allow to build a complete model combining both previous models regulatory mechanisms
Kurbatova, Polina. „Modélisation hybride de l'érythropoïèse et des maladies sanguines“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752835.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKurbatova, Polina. „Modélisation hybride de l’érythropoïèse et des maladies sanguines“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10258/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is devoted to the development of new methods of mathematical modeling in biology and medicine, off-lattice discrete-continuous hybrid models, and their applications to modelling of hematopoiesis and blood disorders, such as leukemia and anemia. In this approach, biological cells are considered as discrete objects while intracellular and extracellular networks are described with continuous models, ordinary or partial differential equations. Cells interact mechanically and biochemically between each other and with the surrounding medium. They can divide, die by apoptosis or differentiate. Their fate is determined by intracellular regulation and influenced by local control from the surrounding cells or by global regulation from other organs. In the first part of the thesis, hybrid models with off-lattice cell dynamics are introduced. Model examples specific for biological processes and describing competition between cell proliferation and apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation and between cell cycling and quiescent state are investigated. Biological pattern formation with hybrid models is discussed. Application to bacteria filament is illustrated. In the next chapter, hybrid model are applied in order to model erythropoiesis, red blood cell production in the bone marrow. The model includes immature blood cells, erythroid progenitors, which can self-renew, differentiate or die by apoptosis, more mature cells, reticulocytes, which influence erythroid progenitors by means of growth factor Fas-ligand, and macrophages, which are present in erythroblastic islands in vivo. Intracellular and extracellular regulation by proteins and growth factors are specified and the feedback by the hormones erythropoietin and glucocorticoids is taken into account. The role of macrophages to stabilize erythroblastic islands is shown. Comparison of modelling with experiments on anemia in mice is carried out. The following chapter is devoted to leukemia modelling and treatment. Erythroleukemia, a subtype of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML), develops due to insufficient differentiation of erythroid progenitors and their excessive slef-renewal. A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PBPKPD) model of leukemia treatment with AraC drug and chronotherapeutic treatments of leukemia are examined. Comparison with clinical data on blast count in blood is carried out. The last chapter deals with the passage from a hybrid model to a continuous model in the 1D case. A convergence theorem is proved. Numerical simulations confirm a good agreement between these approaches
MaÏga, Moussa. „Surveillance préventive des systèmes hybrides à incertitudes bornées“. Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the development of generic algorithms for the set-membership observation of the continuous state and the discrete mode of hybrid dynamical systems in order to achieve fault detection. This thesis is organized into two parts. In the first part, we have proposed a fast and effective method for the set-membership guard crossing. It consists in carrying out bisection in the time direction only and then makes several contractors working simultaneously to reduce the domain of state vectors located on the guard during the study time slot. Then, we proposed a method for merging trajectories based on zonotopic enclosures. These methods, used together, allowed us to characterize in a guaranteed way the set of all hybrid state trajectories generated by an uncertain hybrid dynamical system on a finite time horizon. The second part focuses on set-membership methods for the parameters or the hybrid state (mode and continuous state) of a hybrid dynamical system in a bounded error framework. We started first by describing fault detection methods for hybrid systems using the parametric approach and the hybrid observer approach. Then, we have described two methods for performing fault detection tasks. We have proposed a method for computing in a guaranteed way all the parameters consistent with the hybrid dynamical model, the actual data and the prior error bound, by using our nonlinear hybrid reachability method and an algorithm for partition which we denote SIVIA-H. Then, for hybrid state estimation, we have proposed a method based on a predictor-corrector, which is also built on top of our non-linear method for hybrid reachability
Guibert, David. „Analyse de méthodes de résolution parallèles d’EDO/EDA raides“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10138/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD Thesis deals with the development of parallel numerical methods for solving Ordinary and Algebraic Differential Equations. ODE and DAE are commonly arising when modeling complex dynamical phenomena. We first show that the parallelization across the method is limited by the number of stages of the RK method or DIMSIM. We introduce the Schur complement into the linearised linear system of time integrators. An automatic framework is given to build a mask defining the relationships between the variables. Then the Schur complement is coupled with Jacobian Free Newton-Krylov methods. As time decomposition, global time steps resolutions can be solved by parallel nonlinear solvers (such as fixed point, Newton and Steffensen acceleration). Two steps time decomposition (Parareal, Pita,...) are developed with a new definition of their grids to solved stiff problems. Global error estimates, especially the Richardson extrapolation, are used to compute a good approximation for the second grid. Finally we propose a parallel deferred correction
Chambon, Lucie. „Stratégies de contrôle pour des boucles de rétroaction génétiques“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2020COAZ4005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePositive and negative genetic feedback loops are two main and essential gene regulatory motifs, respectively responsible for cell differentiation, and the emergence of both homeostasis and biological oscillations. They are accurately modeled by highly non-linear ordinary differential equations whose dynamics properly capture their biological behaviors: bistability for the positive loop, and global convergence towards either a periodic orbit or a unique steady state for the negative loop. This manuscript proposes different mathematical strategies for the control of both loops with two main objectives: the global stabilization of unstable steady states and the destabilization of stable steady states for the emergence of sustained oscillations. From a biological point of view, both objectives seem promising regarding diseases treatments and conception of new therapies: for the negative loop, such a control objective may allow to better understand and cure diseases induced by a dyshomeostasis or a disrupted clock, while for the positive loop, these strategies may help in grasping and conceiving cell dedifferentiation processes. With these biological applications in mind, the control strategies have been successively improved in order to comply with biological implementations and to take into account more and more biological constraints, including qualitative and uncertain information provided by biological measurement techniques. To reflect this progression, different strategies are introduced in this manuscript: affine control laws, saturated control laws, qualitative and uncertain switched control laws, as well as intrinsic synthetic modifications of networks. This results in the analysis of non-linear and high-dimensional dynamical systems, as well as discontinuous right-hand sides systems for which non-classical behaviors such as sliding modes may emerge, and classical theories on control and monotone dynamical systems do not apply. In order to prove global convergence and Lyapunov stability for these non-trivial systems, original, general, and qualitative methodologies based on the construction of successive repelling and invariant regions are developed. These results are supported and illustrated with a few biological examples such as the Toggle Switch, the Repressilator, the p53-Mdm2 loop or the circadian clock
Testard, Laurent. „Calculs et visualisation en nombres complexes“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to provide some effective ways to compute and visualize mathematical objects arising in complex analysis. In this scope, many mathematical problems prevent from using complex numbers as naturally as real numbers : indeterminations occuring during computations, high number of dimensions obscuring naive visualization methods, many-valued phenomena. On the computing side, some methods has been studied, leading to the definition of a programming model enabling the detection and the resolution of indeterminations. On the visualization side, methods dealing with the visualization of complex functions have been applied to the visualization of complex Ordinary Differential Equations solutions. These methods have been implemented as modules in a common environment enabling rapid prototypings of experiments, caracterized by a strong coupling of visualization and computations. The different applications presented in this document (numerical integration of differential equations defined by many-valued functions, visualisation of solutions together with the global error estimated during integration) have been developped in this environment
Viossat, Yannick. „Equilibres corrélés, jeux d'évolution et dynamique de populations“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa deuxième partie est consacrée aux jeux d'évolution, et étudie le lien entre l'issue de processus évolutifs et les concepts stratégiques statiques. Nous montrons notamment que les dynamiques d'évolution peuvent éliminer toutes les stratégies appartennant au support d'au moins un équilibre corrélé, et ce pour n'importe quelle dynamique monotone et pour des ensembles ouverts de jeux et de conditions initiales. L'élimination de toutes les stratégies dans le support des équilibres de Nash se produit sous toutes les dynamiques d'adaptation myope régulières et, sous la dynamique des réplicateurs ou la dynamique de meilleure réponse, à partir de presque toutes les conditions initiales.
La troisième partie, co-écrite, étudie les déterminants de la séparation entre lignée germinale et lignée somatique chez les algues vertes volvocales.
Benosman, Chahrazed. „Contrôle de la Dynamique de la Leucémie Myéloïde Chronique par Imatinib“. Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555973.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoulin, Thibault. „Modélisation mathématique de la dynamique des communautés herbacées des écosystèmes prairiaux“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD075/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDynamic modelling of ecological systems is an essential method to understand, predict and control thedynamics of semi-natural ecosystems, which involves complex processes. The main objective of this PhDthesis is to develop a simulation model of the medium- and long-term dynamics of the herbaceous vegetationin permanent grasslands, taking into account both biodiversity and productivity. Grasslandecosystems are often hot spots of biodiversity, which contributes to the temporal stability of their services.On an agricultural perspective, this important biodiversity contributes to the forage quality, andbesides, it induces a higher ability of the vegetation cover to resist to different climatic scenarios (globalwarming, heat and drought waves).However, this key aspect of biodiversity is only poorly included in grassland models : often absent ofmodelling or included in a very simple form. Building on those considerations, this PhD work exposes thewriting of a process-based succession model, described by a system of Ordinary Differential Equationsthat simulates the aboveground vegetation dynamics of a temperate grassland. This model implementedthe main ecological factors involved in growth and competition processes of herbaceous species, and couldbe adjust to any level of diversity, by varying the number and the identity of species in the initial plantcommunity. This formalism of mechanistic models allows us to analyse relationships that link diversity,productivity and stability, in response to different climatic conditions and agricultural management.In mathematical grassland models, plant communities may be represented by a various number of statevariables, describing biomass compartments of some dominant species or plant functional types. The sizeof the initial species pool could have consequences on the outcome of the simulated ecosystem dynamicsin terms of grassland productivity, diversity, and stability. This choice could also influence the modelsensitivity to forcing parameters. To address these issues, we developed a method, based on sensitivityanalysis tools, to compare behaviour of alternative versions of the model that only differ by the identityand number of state variables describing the green biomass, here plant species. This method shows aninnovative aspect, by performing this model sensitivity analysis by using multivariate regression trees. Weassessed and compared the sensitivity of each instance of the model to key forcing parameters for climate,soil fertility, and defoliation disturbances. We established that the sensitivity to forcing parameters ofcommunity structure and species evenness differed markedly among alternative models, according tothe diversity level. We show a progressive shift from high importance of soil fertility (fertilisation level,mineralization rate) to high importance of defoliation (mowing frequency, grazing intensity) as the sizeof the species pool increased.These results highlight the need to take into account the role of species diversity to explain the behaviourof grassland models. Besides, to properly take into account those interactions in the grassland cover, theconsidered species pool size considered in the model needs to be high enough. Finally, we compare modelsimulations of the aboveground vegetation to measures from two experimental sites, the mowing grasslandof Oensingen, and the grazing grassland of Laqueuille. Results of these comparison are promising andhighlight the relevance of the choice and the representation of the different ecological processes includedin this mechanistic model.Thus, this PhD work offers a model, perfectly fitting with current needs on grassland modelling, whichcontribute to a better understanding of the herbaceous vegetation dynamics and interactions betweenproductivity, diversity and stability
Cyr-Gagnon, Catherine. „Discrétisation des équations différentielles ordinaires avec préservation de leurs symétries“. Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14615.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLarivière, François. „Sur les solutions d'équations différentielles de Stieltjes du premier et du deuxième ordre“. Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22161.
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