Dissertationen zum Thema „Équations de Fokker-Planck stochastiques“
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Jabir, Jean-François. „Modèles stochastiques lagrangiens de type McKean-Vlasov conditionnel et leur confinement“. Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we are interested in theoretical aspects related to a new class of stochastic differential equations referred as Lagrangian stochastic models. These models have been introduced to model the properties of particles issued from turbulent flows. Motivated by a recent application of the Lagrangien models to the context of downscaling methods for weather forecasting, we also consider the introduction of boundary conditions in the dynamics. In the frame of nonlinear McKean equations, the Lagrangian stochastic models provide a particular case of non-linear dynamics due to the presence ion the coefficients of conditional distribution. For simplified cases, we establish a well-posedness result and particle approximations. In concern of boundary conditions, we construct a confined stochastic system within general domain for the prototypic “mean no-permeability” condition. In the case where the confinement domain is the hyper plane, we obtain existence and uniqueness results for the considered dynamics, and prove the accuracy of our model. For more general domains, we study the conditional McKean-Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation satisfied by the law of the systems. We develop the notions of super- and sub-Maxwellians solutions, ensuring the existence of Gaussian bounds for the solution of the equation
De, Moor Sylvain. „Limites diffusives pour des équations cinétiques stochastiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSR0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents several results about stochastic partial differential equations. The main subject is the study of diffusive limits of kinetic models perturbed with a random term. We also present a result about the regularity of a class of stochastic partial differential equations and a result of existence and uniqueness of invariant measures for a stochastic Fokker-Planck equation.First, we give three results of approximation-diffusion in a stochastic context. The first one deals with the case of a kinetic equation with a linear operator of relaxation whose velocity equilibrium has a power tail distribution at ininity. The equation is perturbed with a Markovian process. This gives rise to a stochastic fluid fractional limit. The two remaining results consider the case of the radiative transfer equation which is a non-linear kinetic equation. The equation is perturbed successively with a cylindrical Wiener process and with a Markovian process. In both cases, we are led to a stochastic Rosseland fluid limit.Then, we introduce a result of regularity for a class of quasilinear stochastic partial differential equations of parabolic type whose random term is driven by a cylindrical Wiener process.Finally, we study a Fokker-Planck equation with a noisy force governed by a cylindrical Wiener process. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions to the problem and then existence and uniqueness of invariant measures to the equation
Vaillant, Olivier (1971 ). „Une méthode particulaire stochastique à poids aléatoires pour l'approximation de solutions statistiques d'équations de McKean-Vlasov-Fokker-Plank“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDebbi, Latifa. „Equations aux dérivées partielles déterministes et stochastiques avec opérateurs fractionnaires“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis treats application of fractional calculus in stochastic analysis. In the first part, the definition of the the multidimensional Riesz-Feller fractional differential operator is extended to higher order. The operator obtained generalizes several known fractional differential and pseudodifferential operators. High order fractional Fokker-Plank equations are studied in both the probabilistic and the quasiprobabilistic approaches. In particular, the solutions are represented via stable Lévy processes and generalization of Airy's function. In the second part, onedimensional stochastic fractional partial differential equations perturbed by space-time white noise are considered. The existence and the uniqueness of field solutions and of L2solutions are proved under different Lipschtz conditions. Spatial and temporal Hölder exponents of the field solutions are obtained. Further, equivalence between several definitions of L2solutions is proven. In particular, Fourier transform is used to give meaning to some stochastic fractional partial differential equations
Alrachid, Houssam. „Analyse mathématique de méthodes numériques stochastiques en dynamique moléculaire“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1115/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn computational statistical physics, good sampling techniques are required to obtain macroscopic properties through averages over microscopic states. The main difficulty is that these microscopic states are typically clustered around typical configurations, and a complete sampling of the configurational space is thus in general very complex to achieve. Techniques have been proposed to efficiently sample the microscopic states in the canonical ensemble. An important example of quantities of interest in such a case is the free energy. Free energy computation techniques are very important in molecular dynamics computations, in order to obtain a coarse-grained description of a high-dimensional complex physical system. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to explore an extension of the classical adaptive biasing force (ABF) technique, which is used to compute the free energy associated to the Boltzmann-Gibbs measure and a reaction coordinate function. The problem of this method is that the approximated gradient of the free energy, called biasing force, is not a gradient. The contribution to this field, presented in Chapter 2, is to project the estimated biasing force on a gradient using the Helmholtz decomposition. In practice, the new gradient force is obtained by solving Poisson problem. Using entropy techniques, we study the longtime behavior of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation associated with the ABF process. We prove exponential convergence to equilibrium of the estimated free energy, with a precise rate of convergence in terms of the Logarithmic Sobolev inequality constants of the canonical measure conditioned to fixed values of the reaction coordinate. The interest of this projected ABF method compared to the original ABF approach is that the variance of the new biasing force is smaller, which yields quicker convergence to equilibrium. The second part, presented in Chapter 3, is dedicated to study local and global existence, uniqueness and regularity of the mild, Lp and classical solution of a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, arising in an adaptive biasing force method for molecular dynamics calculations. The partial differential equation is a semilinear parabolic initial boundary value problem with a nonlocal nonlinearity and periodic boundary conditions on the torus of dimension n, as presented in Chapter 3. The Fokker-Planck equation rules the evolution of the density of a given stochastic process that is a solution to Adaptive biasing force method. The nonlinear term is non local and is used during the simulation in order to remove the metastable features of the dynamics
Gerritsma, Eric. „Continuous and discrete stochastic models of the F1-ATPase molecular motor“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210110.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelledoctorat est d’étudier et de décrire les propriétés chimiques et mé-
caniques du moteur moléculaire F1 -ATPase. Le moteur F1 -ATPase
est un moteur rotatif, d’aspect sphérique et d’environ 10 nanomètre
de rayon, qui utilise l’énergie de l’hydrolyse de l’ATP comme car-
burant moléculaire.
Des questions fondamentales se posent sur le fonctionnement de
ce moteurs et sur la quantité de travail qu’il peut fournir. Il s’agit
de questions qui concernent principalement la thermodynamique
des processus irréversibles. De plus, comme ce moteur est de
taille nanométrique, il est fortement influencé par les fluctuations
moléculaires, ce qui nécessite une approche stochastique.
C’est en créant deux modéles stochastiques complémentaires de
ce moteur que nous avons contribué à répondre à ces questions
fondamentales.
Le premier modèle discuté au chapitre 5 de la thèse, est un mod-
èle continu dans le temps et l’espace, décrit par des équations de
Fokker-Planck, est construit sur des résultats expérimentaux.
Ce modèle tient compte d’une description explicite des fluctua-
tions affectant le degré de liberté mécanique et décrit les tran-
sitions entre les différents états chimiques discrets du moteur,
par un processus de sauts aléatoires entre premiers voisins. Nous
avons obtenus des résultats précis concernant la chimie d’hydrolyse
et de synthèse de l’ATP, et pour les dépendences du moteur en les
différentes variables mécaniques, à savoir, la friction et le couple
de force extérieur, ainsi que la dépendence en la température.
Les résultats que nous avons obtenus avec ce modèle sont en ex-
cellent accord avec les observations expérimentales.
Le second modèle est discret dans l’espace et continu dans le
temps et est décrit dans le chapitre 6. L’analyse des résultats
obtenus par simulations numériques montre que le modèle est
en accord avec les observations expérimentales et il permet en
outre de dériver des grandeurs thermodynamiques analytique-
ment, décrites au chapitre 4, ce que le modèle continu ne permet
pas.
La comparaison des deux modèles révele la nature du fonction-
nement du moteur, ainsi que son régime de fonctionnement loin
de l’équilibre. Le second modèle a éte soumis récemment pour
publication.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Belaribi, Nadia. „Aspects probabilistes et numériques relatifs à une équation de type milieux poreux à coefficients irréguliers“. Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.frintranet/edgalilee_th_2012_belaribi.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main object of this thesis is an evolution problem in L1(Rd) of the type ∂tu(t, x) =1/2xΔβ(u(t, x)), (t, x) ∈ ]0, T ] × Rexpd. (PDE). In our work, we have investigated some theoretical complements related to the (probabilistic) representation of that equation, via a non-linear diffusion process, when the coefficient β is discontinuous or in the case β(u) = um, 0 < m < 1 (“fast diffusion equation”). Even though the theoretical results concern essentially dimension d = 1, we have also establi- shed a uniqueness theorem for a multidimensional Fokker-Planck type with measurable, possibly unbounded and degenerated coefficients. This has been an important tool for the probabilistic representation. We have also established some density estimates (via Malliavin calculus) of the solution of an SDE with smooth unbounded coefficients, with bounded derivatives of each order, uniformly with respect to the initial condition. The main objective of the thesis consists however in the implementation of an interactive particle system algorithm, which approaches the solutions of the PDE. Comparison with recent deterministic numerical techniques have been performed. This has been done in the one dimensional and multidimensional cases
Maillet, Raphaël. „Analyse statistique et probabiliste de systèmes diffusifs en présence de bruit“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the long-time behavior of stochastic Fokker-Planck equations with additive common noise and presents statistical methods for estimating the invariant measure of multidimensional ergodic diffusion processes from noisy data. In the first part, we analyze stochastic Fokker-Planck Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs), obtained as the mean-field limit of interacting particle systems influenced by both idiosyncratic and common Brownian noises. We establish conditions under which the addition of common noise restores uniqueness if the invariant measure. The main challenge arises from the finite-dimensional nature of the common noise, while the state variable — interpreted as the conditional marginal law of the system given the common noise — operates within an infinite-dimensional space. We demonstrate that uniqueness is restored if the mean field interaction term attracts the system towards its conditional mean given the common noise, particularly when the intensity of the idiosyncratic noise is small. In the second part, we develop a new statistical methodology using kernel density estimation to effectively approximate the invariant measure from noisy observations, highlighting the crucial role of the underlying Markov structure in the denoising process. This method involves a pre-averaging technique that proficiently reduces the intensity of the noise while maintaining the analytical characteristics and asymptotic properties of the underlying signal. We investigate the convergence rate of our estimator, which depends on the anisotropic regularity of the density and the intensity of the noise. We establish noise intensity conditions that allow for convergence rates comparable to those in noise-free environments. Additionally, we demonstrate a Bernstein concentration inequality for our estimator, leading to an adaptive procedure for selecting the kernel bandwidth
Marx, Victor. „Processus de diffusion sur l’espace de Wasserstein : modèles coalescents, propriétés de régularisation et équations de McKean-Vlasov“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study a class of diffusive stochastic processes with values in the space of probability measures on the real line, called Wasserstein space if it is endowed with the Wasserstein metric W2. The following issues are mainly addressed in this work: how can we effectively construct a stochastic process satisfying diffusive properties with values in a space of infinite dimension? is there a form of uniqueness, in a strong or a weak sense, satisfied by some of those processes? do those diffusions own smoothing properties, e.g. regularization by noise of McKean-Vlasov equations or e.g. BismutElworthy integration by parts formulae? Chapter I introduces an alternative construction, by smooth approximations, of the particle system defined by Konarovskyi and von Renesse, hereinafter designed by coalescing model. The coalescing model is a random process with values in the Wasserstein space, following an Itô-like formula on that space and whose short-time deviations are governed by the Wasserstein metric, by analogy with the short-time deviations of the standard Brownian motion governed by the Euclidean metric. The regular approximation constructed in this thesis shares those diffusive properties and is obtained by smoothing the coefficients of the stochastic differential equation satisfied by the coalescing model. The main benefit of this variant is that it satisfies uniqueness results which are still open for the coalescing model. Moreover, up to small modifications of its structure, that smooth diffusion owns regularizing properties: this is precisely the object of study of chapters II to IV. In chapter II, an ill-posed McKean-Vlasov equation is perturbed by one of those smooth versions of the coalescing model, in order to restore uniqueness. A connection is made with recent results (Jourdain, Mishura-Veretennikov, Chaudru de Raynal-Frikha, Lacker, Röckner-Zhang) where uniqueness of a solution is proved when the noise is finite dimensional and the drift coefficient is Lipschitz-continuous in total variation distance in its measure argument. In our case, the diffusion on the Wasserstein space allows to mollify the velocity field in its measure argument and so to handle with drift functions having low regularity in both space and measure variables. Lastly, chapters III and IV are dedicated to the study, for a diffusion defined on the Wasserstein space of the circle, of the smoothing properties of the associated semi-group. Applying in chapter III the differential calculus on the Wasserstein space introduced by Lions, a Bismut-Elworthy inequality is obtained, controlling the gradient of the semi-group at those points of the space of probability measures that have a sufficiently smooth density. In chapter IV, a better explosion rate when time tends to zero is established under additional regularity conditions. This leads to a priori estimates for a PDE defined on the Wasserstein space and governed by the diffusion on the torus mentioned above, in the homogeneous case (chapter III) and in the case of a non-trivial source term (chapter IV)
Bect, Julien. „Processus de Markov diffusifs par morceaux : outils analytiques et numériques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169791.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous introduisons dans la première partie du mémoire la notion de processus diffusif par morceaux, qui fournit un cadre théorique général qui unifie les différentes classes de modèles "hybrides" connues dans la littérature. Différents aspects de ces modèles sont alors envisagés, depuis leur construction mathématique (traitée grâce au théorème de renaissance pour les processus de Markov) jusqu'à l'étude de leur générateur étendu, en passant par le phénomène de Zénon.
La deuxième partie du mémoire s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la question de la "propagation de l'incertitude", c'est-à-dire à la manière dont évolue la loi marginale de l'état au cours du temps. L'équation de Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) usuelle est généralisée à diverses classes de processus diffusifs par morceaux, en particulier grâce aux notions d'intensité moyenne de sauts et de courant de probabilité. Ces résultats sont illustrés par deux exemples de modèles multidimensionnels, pour lesquels une résolution numérique de l'équation de FPK généralisée a été effectuée grâce à une discrétisation en volumes finis. La comparaison avec des méthodes de type Monte-Carlo est également discutée à partir de ces deux exemples.
Mosbah, Henia. „Sur quelques méthodes de résolution de problèmes de vibrations aléatoires non linéaires“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGay, Laura. „Processus d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck et son supremum : quelques résultats théoriques et application au risque climatique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC025/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleForecasting and assessing the risk of heat waves is a crucial public policy stake. Evaluate the probability of heat waves and their severity can be possible by knowing the temperature in continuous time. However, daily extremes (maxima and minima) might be the only available data. The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is commonly used to model temperature dynamic. An estimation of the process parameters using only daily observed suprema of temperatures is proposed here. This new approach is based on a least square minimization using the cumulative distribution function of the supremum. Risk measures related to heat waves are then obtained numerically. In order to calculate explicitly those risk measures, it can be useful to have the joint law of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and its supremum. The study is _rst limited to the joint density / distribution of the endpoint and supremum of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. This probability admits a density, solution of the Fokker-Planck equation and explicitly obtained as an expansion involving parabolic cylinder functions. The proof of the density expression relies on a decomposition on a Hilbert basis of the space via a spectral method. We also study the oscillating Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which drift parameter is piecewise constant depending on the sign of the process. The Laplace transform of this process hitting time is determined and we also calculate the probability for the process to be positive on a fixed time
Manca, Luigi. „Kolmogorov operators in spaces of continuous functions and equations for measures“. Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85697.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans la première partie, la théorie de la convergence faibles des fonctions est mis au point afin de donner des résultats généraux sur les semi-groupes des Markov et leur générateur.
Dans la deuxième partie, des modèles de semi-groups de Markov associés à des équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques sont étudiés. En particulier, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, réaction-diffusion et équations de Burgers ont été envisagées. Pour chaque cas, le semi-groupe de transition et son générateur infinitésimal ont été étudiées dans un espace de fonctions continues.
Les résultats principaux montrent que l'ensemble des fonctions exponentielles fournit un Core pour l'opérateur de Kolmogorov. En conséquence, on prouve l'unicité de l'équation de Kolmogorov de mesures (autrement dit de Fokker-Planck).
Ndao, Mamadou. „Estimation de la vitesse de retour à l'équilibre dans les équations de Fokker-Planck“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the Fokker-Planck équation partial_t f =∆f + div(E f).It is divided into two parts. The rst part deals with the linear problem. In this part we consider a vector E(x) depending only on x. It is composed of chapters 3, 4 and 5. In chapter 3 we prove that the linear operator Lf :=∆f + div(Ef ) is an in nitesimal generator of a strong continuous semigroup (SL(t))_{t≥0}. We establish also that (SL(t))_{t≥0} is positive and ultracontractive. In chapter 4 we show how an adequate decomposition of the linear operator L allows us to deduce interesting properties for the semigroup (SL(t))_{t≥0}. Indeed using this decomposition we prove that (SL(t))_{t≥0} is a bounded semigroup. In the last chapter of this part we establish that the linear Fokker-Planck admits a unique steady state. Moreover this stationary solution is asymptotically stable.In the nonlinear part we consider a vector eld of the form E(x, f ) := x +nabla (a *f ), where a and f are regular functions. It is composed of two chapters. In chapter 6 we establish that fora in W^{2,infini}_locthe nonlinear problem has a unique local solution in L^2_{K_alpha}(R^d); . To end this part we prove in chapter 7 that the nonlinear problem has a unique global solution in L^2_k(R^d). This solution depends continuously on the data
Roux, Pierre. „Équations aux dérivées partielles de type Keller-Segel en dynamique des populations et de type Fokker-Planck en neurosciences“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS505/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, I study some partial differential equations modelling biological phenomena.In the first part, I am concerned with a variant of the Keller-Segel equations which models chemotaxis in microorganisms and aims at understanding the way they self-organise and form, depending upon the density of nutrients, different geometrical patterns. For this model, I construct solutions and I study their long time behaviour. I show that some solutions blow-up in finite time.In the second part, I study the model Nonlinear Noisy leaky integrate and fire, a Fokker-Planck type equation which describes the activity of a neural network. I upgrade some estimates on global existence and finite time blow-up and I prove results for a variant of the model in which a synaptic delay is added : global existence, long time behaviour, search of periodic solutions.In the third part, I propose a stochastic model, and then a deterministic model, for the phenomenon of adaptation to DNA damage in eukaryotes. Numerical simulations are proposed and discussed
Groux, Benjamin. „Grandes d´eviations de matrices aléatoires et équation de Fokker-Planck libre“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV137/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis lies within the field of probability and statistics, and more precisely of random matrix theory. In the first part, we study the large deviations of the spectral measure of covariance matrices XX*, where X is a rectangular random matrix with i.i.d. coefficients having a probability tail like $exp(-at^{alpha})$, $alpha in (0,2)$. We establish a large deviation principle similar to Bordenave and Caputo's one, with speed $n^{1+alpha/2}$ and explicit rate function involving rectangular free convolution. The proof relies on a quantification result of asymptotic freeness in the information-plus-noise model. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the long-time behaviour of the solution to free Fokker-Planck equation in the setting of the quartic potential $V(x) = frac14 x^4 + frac{c}{2} x^2$ with $c ge -2$. We prove that when $t to +infty$, the solution $mu_t$ to this partial differential equation converge in Wasserstein distance towards the equilibrium measure associated to the potential $V$. This result provides a first example of long-time convergence for the solution of granular media equation with a non-convex potential and a logarithmic interaction. Its proof involves in particular free probability techniques
Mallet, Jessy. „Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation numérique multi-échelle du transport cinétique électronique dans un plasma chaud“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14584/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn plasma physics, the transport of electrons can be described from a kinetic point of view or from an hydrodynamical point of view.Classically in kinetic theory, a Fokker-Planck equation coupled with Maxwell equations is used to describe the evolution of electrons in a collisional plasma. More precisely the solution of the kinetic equations is a non-negative distribution function f specifying the density of particles as a function of velocity of particles, the time and the position in space. In order to approximate the solution of such problems, many computational methods have been developed. Here, a deterministic method is proposed in a planar geometry. This method is based on different high order numerical schemes. Each deterministic scheme used presents many fundamental properties such as conservation of flux particles, preservation of positivity of the distribution function and conservation of energy. However the kinetic computation of this accurate method is too expensive to be used in practical computation especially in multi-dimensional space.To reduce the computational time, the plasma can be described by an hydrodynamic model. However for the new high energy target drivers, the kinetic effects are too important to neglect them and replace kinetic calculus by usual macroscopic Euler models.That is why an alternative approach is proposed by considering an intermediate description between the fluid and the kinetic level. To describe the transport of electrons, the new reduced kinetic model M1 proposed is based on a moment approach for Maxwell-Fokker-Planck equations. This moment model uses integration of the electron distribution function on the propagating direction and retains only the energy of particles as kinetic variable. The velocity variable is written in spherical coordinates and the model is written by considering the system of moments with respect to the angular variable. The closure of the moments system is obtained under the assumption that the distribution function is a minimum entropy function. This model is proved to satisfy fundamental properties such as the non-negativity of the distribution function, conservation laws for collision operators and entropy dissipation. Moreover an entropic discretization in the velocity variable is proposed on the semi-discrete model. Moreover the M1 model can be generalized to the MN model by considering N given moments. The N-moments model obtained also preserves fundamental properties such as conservation laws and entropy dissipation. The associated semi-discrete scheme is shown to preserve the conservation properties and entropy decay
Vavasseur, Arthur. „Modèles cinétiques de particules en interaction avec leur environnement“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4086/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this PhD is to study a generalisation of a model describing the interaction between a single particle and its environment. We consider an infinite number of particles represented by their distribution function. The environment is modelled by a vibrating scalar field which exchanges energy with the particles. In the single particle case, after a large time, the particle behaves as if it were subjected to a linear friction force driven by the environment. The equations that we obtain for a large number of particles are close to the Vlasov equation. In the first chapter, we prove that our new system has a unique solution. We then care about some asymptotic issues; if the wave velocity in the medium goes to infinity, adapting the scaling of the interaction, we connect our system with the Vlasov equation. Changing also continuously a function that parametrizes the model, we also connect our model with the attractive Vlasov-Poisson equation. In the second chapter, we add a diffusive term in our equation. It means that we consider that the particles are subjected to a friction force and a Brownian motion. Our main result states that the distribution function converges to the unique equilibrium distribution of the system. We also establish the diffusive limit making the wave velocity go to infinity at the same time. We find a simpler equation satisfied by the spatial density. In chapter 3, we prove the validity of both equations studied in the two first chapters by a mean field limit. The last chapter is devoted to studying the large time asymptotic properties of the equation that we obtained on the spatial density in chapter 2. We prove some weak convergence results
Guérin, Hélène. „Interprétation probabiliste de l'équation de Landau“. Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD thesis is to give a probabilistic interpretation of the Landau equation, also called the Fokker-Planck-Landau equation. This partial derivatives equation has been derived from the Boltzmann equation when the grazing collisions prevail in a gas. It describes the behaviour of the density of particles having the same velocity at the same time (we assume here that the density is spatially homogeneous). This equation has been studied from now with analytic tools, we give here a new approach. In the first part of this thesis, we prove the existence of a probability measure solution of the Landau equation for some gas, called 'moderately soft' potential gas, using some stochastic tools. Moreover, for some particular gas, we prove the uniqueness of the solution, and we deduce the existence of density solution of the Landau equation thanks to the Malliavin Calculus. The probabilistic approach allows general initial data, which can be degenerated as Dirac measures. The second part of this thesis gives a probabilistic interpretation of the convergence of the Boltzmann equation to the Landau equation in the asymptotic of grazing collisions. We first extend the existence results, in a probabilistic sense, of the Boltzmann equation to the case of 'moderatly soft' potential gas. Then, we state the convergence of these solutions to a solution of the Landau equation when grazing collisions prevail. At last, using the Malliavin calculus, we obtain the pointwise convergence of the densities for a Maxwell gas. The probabilistic approach gives a good understanding of the convergence of Boltzmann to Landau and allows to model it with a particle system. Some simulations are given in this thesis
Herda, Maxime. „Analyse asymptotique et numérique de quelques modèles pour le transport de particules chargées“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1165/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the mathematical study of some models of partial differential equations from plasma physics. We are mainly interested in the theoretical study of various asymptotic regimes of Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck systems. First, in the presence of an external magnetic field, we focus on the approximation of massless electrons providing reduced models when the ratio me{mi between the mass me of an electron and the mass mi of an ion tends to 0 in the equations. Depending on the scaling, it is shown that, at the limit, solutions satisfy hydrodynamic models of convection-diffusion type or are given by Maxwell-Boltzmann-Gibbs densities depending on the intensity of collisions. Using hypocoercive and hypoelliptic properties of the equations, we are able to obtain convergence rates as a function of the mass ratio. In a second step, by similar methods, we show exponential convergence of solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system without magnetic field towards the steady state, with explicit rates depending on the parameters of the model. Finally, we design a new type of finite volume scheme for a class of nonlinear convection-diffusion equations ensuring the satisfying long-time behavior of discrete solutions. These properties are verified numerically on several models including the Fokker-Planck equation with magnetic field
Izydorczyk, Lucas. „Probabilistic backward McKean numerical methods for PDEs and one application to energy management“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAE008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concerns McKean Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) to representpossibly non-linear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Those depend not onlyon the time and position of a given particle, but also on its probability law. In particular, we treat the unusual case of Fokker-Planck type PDEs with prescribed final data. We discuss existence and uniqueness for those equations and provide a probabilistic representation in the form of McKean type equation, whose unique solution corresponds to the time-reversal dynamics of a diffusion process.We introduce the notion of fully backward representation of a semilinear PDE: thatconsists in fact in the coupling of a classical Backward SDE with an underlying processevolving backwardly in time. We also discuss an application to the representationof Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation (HJB) in stochastic control. Based on this, we propose a Monte-Carlo algorithm to solve some control problems which has advantages in terms of computational efficiency and memory whencompared to traditional forward-backward approaches. We apply this method in the context of demand side management problems occurring in power systems. Finally, we survey the use of generalized McKean SDEs to represent non-linear and non-conservative extensions of Fokker-Planck type PDEs
Leroy, Thomas. „Reduced models and numerical methods for kinetic equations applied to photon transport“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066047/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe modeling of inertial confinement experiments involves kinetic equations whose discretization can become very costly. The research of reduced models allows to decrease the size and the complexity of these systems. The mathematical justification of such reduced models becomes an important issue. In this work we study several reduced models for the transfer equation in several contexts, from the theoretical and numerical point of view. In particular we study the relativistic transfer equation in the non-equilibrium diffusion regime, and we prove the convergence of the solution of this equation to the solution of a drift diffusion equation, in which the Doppler effects are modeled by a frequency transport term. This transport equation is discretized by a new class of well-balanced schemes, and we show that these schemes are consistant as the wave velocity tends to zero, by opposition to the Greenberg-Leroux type schemes. We also study several original reduced models for the Compton scattering (inelastic electron-photon collision). A hierarchy of nonlinear kinetic equations generalizing the Kompaneets equation for anisotropic distributions are derived and their properties are studied. The M_1 and P_1 angular moments models are derived from one of these equations, and we show that the anisotropic part of a radiation beam can modify the Bose condensation phenomena observed by caflisch and Levermore. This work ends with the reports of two side projects. The first one is a technical proof of the uniform convergence of the Gosse-Toscani scheme on unstructured meshes. This scheme is asymptotic preserving, since it preserves at the discrete level the diffusion limit of the hyperbolic heat equation, and this proof on unstructured meshes in 2D is original. The second one is devoted to the derivation of a kinetic model for the electron-ion Bremsstrahlung that preserves the thermal limit
Crouseilles, Nicolas. „Modèles cinétiques et hybrides fluide-cinétique pour les gaz et les plasmas hors équilibre“. Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we are interested in the modeling and the numerical study of nonequilibrium gas and plasmas. To describe such systems, two ways are usually used : the fluid description and the kinetic description. When we study a nonequilibrium system, fluid models are not sufficient and a kinetic description have to be used. However, solving a kinetic model requires the discretization of a large number of variables, which is quite expensive from a numerical point of view. The aim of this work is to propose a hybrid kinetic-fluid model thanks to a domain decomposition method in the velocity space. The derivation of the hybrid model is done in two different contexts : the rarefied gas context and the more complicated plasmas context. The derivation partly relies on Levermore's entropy minimization approach. The so-obtained model is then discretized and validated on various numerical test cases. In a second stage, a numerical study of a fully kinetic model is presented. A collisional plasma constituted of electrons and ions is considered through the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker- Planck-Landau equation. Then, a numerical scheme which preserves total mass and total energy is presented. This discretization permits in particular a numerical study of the Landau damping
Kneib, Jean-Marie. „Études mathématiques et numériques d'équations de Schmoluchowski“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112250.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to study mathematically and numerically (with particle methods) some Fokker-Planck equations. Two cases will be treated : the markovien case (the model does not have memory effects) and a non-markovien case (the model has memory effects). In the first section (Markovien Schmoluchowski equations) we show that the convexion-diffusion problem is well posed and we apply a particle method with variable weights. The second section (model with time memory) studies an integro-differential equation which can be treated as a symetrisable hyperbolic system. We prove that the problem is well posed and that we can come back to the cases treated in part one. In the one dimensional space case, the particle method uses two systems of particles which move along the two characteristics of the hyperbolic problem. This algorithm is convergent. If the space dimension is greater than one, the numerical algorithm is a splitting one. In each step of the split, we use the particle method described in the scalar case. This algorithm is convergent. Numerical studies are done
Roussel, Éléonore. „Spatio-temporal dynamics of relativistic electron bunches during the microbunching instability : study of the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRelativistic electron bunches circulating in storage rings are used to produce intense radiation from far-infrared to X-rays. However, above a density threshold value, the interaction between the electron bunch and its own radiation can lead to a spatio-temporal instability called microbunching instability. This instability is characterized by a strong emission of coherent THz radiation (typically 105 times stronger than the classical synchrotron radiation) which is a signature of the presence of microstructures (at mm scale) in the electron bunch. This instability is known to be a fundamental limitation of the operation of synchrotron light sources at high beam current. In this thesis, we have focused on this instability from a nonlinear dynamics point of view by combining experimental studies carried out at the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings with numerical studies mainly based on the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation. In a first step, due to the very indirect nature of the experimental observations, we have sought to deduce information on the microstructure wavenumber either by looking at the temporal evolution of the THz signal emitted during the instability or by studying the response of the electron bunch to a laser perturbation. In a second step, we have achieved direct, real time observations of the microstructures dynamics through two new, very different, detection techniques: a thin-film superconductor-based detector at UVSOR, and a spectrally-encoded electro-optic detection technique at SOLEIL. These new available experimental observations have allowed severe comparisons with the theoretical models
Zorkot, Ahmad. „Approximation de jeux à champ moyen“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of the theory of mean field games is to study a class of differential games (deterministic or stochastic) with a large number of agents. Since very few mean field games admit explicit solutions, numerical methods play an essential role in describing quantitatively, and also qualitatively, the associated Nash equilibria. This thesis is focused on numerical techniques to solve several types of mean field game problems
Zhang, Chaoen. „Long time behaviour of kinetic equations“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is devoted to the long time behaviour of the kinetic Fokker-Planck equation and of the McKean-Vlasov equation. The manuscript is composed of an introduction and six chapters.The kinetic Fokker-Planck equation is a basic example for Villani's hypocoercivity theory which asserts the exponential decay in large time in the absence of coercivity. In his memoir, Villani proved the hypocoercivity for the kinetic Fokker-Planck equation in either weighted H^1, weighted L^2 or entropy.However, a boundedness condition of the Hessian of the Hamiltonian was imposed in the entropic case. We show in Chapter 2 how we can get rid of this assumption by well-chosen multipliers with the help of a weighted logarithmic Sobolev inequality. Such a functional inequality can be obtained by some tractable Lyapunov condition.In Chapter 4, we apply Villani's ideas and some Lyapunov conditions to prove hypocoercivity in weighted H^1 in the case of mean-field interaction with a rate of exponential convergence independent of the number N of particles. For proving this we should prove the Poincaré inequality with a constant independent of N, and rends a dimension dependent boundeness estimate of Villani dimension-free by means of the stronger uniform log-Sobolev inequality and Lyapunov function method. In Chapter 6, we study the hypocoercive contraction in L^2-Wasserstein distance and we recover the optimal rate in the quadratic potential case. The method is based on the temporal derivative of the Wasserstein distance.In Chapter 7, Villani's hypoercivity theorem in weighted H^1 space is extended to weighted H^k spaces by choosing carefully some appropriate mixed terms in the definition of norm of H^k.The McKean-Vlasov equation is a nonlinear nonlocal diffusive equation. It is well-Known that it has a gradient flow structure. However, the known results strongly depend on convexity assumptions. Such assumptions are notably relaxed in Chapter 3 and Chapter 5 where we prove the exponential convergence to equilibrium respectively in free energy and the L^1-Wasserstain distance. Our approach is based on the mean field limit theory. That is, we study the associated system of a large numer of paricles with mean-field interaction and then pass to the limit by propagation of chaos
Pintoux, Caroline. „Calculs stochastique et de Malliavin appliqués aux modèles de taux d'intérêt engendrant des formules fermées“. Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555727.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoussel, Eléonore. „Spatio-temporal dynamics of relativistic electron bunches during the microbunching instability : study of the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRelativistic electron bunches circulating in storage rings are used to produce intense radiation from far-infrared to X-rays. However, above a density threshold value, the interaction between the electron bunch and its own radiation can lead to a spatio-temporal instability called microbunching instability. This instability is characterized by a strong emission of coherent THz radiation (typically 105 times stronger than the classical synchrotron radiation) which is a signature of the presence of microstructures (at mm scale) in the electron bunch. This instability is known to be a fundamental limitation of the operation of synchrotron light sources at high beam current. In this thesis, we have focused on this instability from a nonlinear dynamics point of view by combining experimental studies carried out at the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings with numerical studies mainly based on the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation. In a first step, due to the very indirect nature of the experimental observations, we have sought to deduce information on the microstructure wavenumber either by looking at the temporal evolution of the THz signal emitted during the instability or by studying the response of the electron bunch to a laser perturbation. In a second step, we have achieved direct, real time observations of the microstructures dynamics through two new, very different, detection techniques: a thin-film superconductor-based detector at UVSOR, and a spectrally-encoded electro-optic detection technique at SOLEIL. These new available experimental observations have allowed severe comparisons with the theoretical models
Moussa, Ayman. „Étude mathématique et numérique du transport d'aérosols dans le poumon humain“. Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463970.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMétivier, David. „Modèles cinétiques, de Kuramoto à Vlasov : bifurcations et analyse expérimentale d'un piège magnéto-optique“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLong-range interacting systems are known to display particular statistical and dynamical properties.To describe their dynamical evolution, we can use kinetic equations describing their density in the phase space. This PhD thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first part concerns our collaboration with an experimental team on a Magneto-Optical Trap. The physics of this widely-used device, operating with a large number of atoms, is supposed to display effective Coulomb interactions coming from photon rescattering. We have proposed experimental tests to highlight the analog of a Debye length, and its influence on the system response. The experimental realizations do not allow yet a definitive conclusion. In the second part, we analyzed the Vlasov and Kuramoto kinetic models. To study their infinite dimensional dynamics, we looked at bifurcations around unstable steady states. The goal was to obtain reduced equations describing the dynamical evolution. We performed unstable manifold expansions on five different kinetic systems. These reductions are in general not exact and plagued by singularities, yet they predict correctly the nature and scaling of the bifurcation, which we tested numerically. We conjectured an exact dimensional reduction (obtained using the Triple Zero normal form) around the inhomogeneous states of the Vlasov equation. These results are expected to be very generic and could be relevant in an astrophysical context. Other results apply to synchronization phenomena through the Kuramoto model for oscillators with inertia and/or delayed interactions
Filbet, Francis. „Contribution à l'analyse et la simulation numérique de l'équation de Vlasov“. Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0068_FILBET.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDellacherie, Stéphane. „Contribution à l'analyse et à la simulation numériques des équations cinétiques décrivant un plasma chaud“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479816.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTristani, Isabelle. „Existence et stabilité de solutions fortes en théorie cinétique des gaz“. Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe topic of this thesis is the study of models coming from kinetic theory. In all the problems that are addressed, the associated linear or linearized problem is analyzed from a spectral point of view and from the point of view of semigroups. Tothat, we add the study of the nonlinear stability when the equation is nonlinear. More precisely, to begin with, we treat the problem of trend to equilibrium for the fractional Fokker-Planck and Boltzmann without cut-off equations, proving an exponential decay to equilibrium in spaces of type L1 with polynomial weights. Concerning the inhomogeneous Landau equation, we develop a Cauchy theory of perturbative solutions in spaces of type L2 with various weights such as polynomial and exponential weights and we also prove the exponential stability of these solutions. Then, we prove similar results for the inhomogeneous inelastic diffusively driven Boltzmann equation in a small inelasticity regime in L1 spaces with polynomial weights. Finally, we study in the same and uniform framework from the spectral analysis point of view with a semigroup approach several Fokker-Planck equations which converge towards the classical one
De, Moor Sylvain. „Limites diffusives pour des équations cinétiques stochastiques“. Phd thesis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010825.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManca, Luigi. „Kolmogorov Operators in Spaces of Continuous Functions and Equations for Measures“. Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00378888.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans la première partie, la théorie de la convergence faibles des fonctions est mis au point afin de donner des résultats généraux sur les semi-groupes des Markov et leur générateur.
Dans la deuxième partie, des modèles de semi-groups de Markov associés à des équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques sont étudiés. En particulier, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, réaction-diffusion et équations de Burgers ont été envisagées. Pour chaque cas, le semi-groupe de transition et son générateur infinitésimal ont été étudiées dans un espace de fonctions continues.
Les résultats principaux montrent que l'ensemble des fonctions exponentielles fournit un Core pour l'opérateur de Kolmogorov. En conséquence, on prouve l'unicité de l'équation de Kolmogorov de mesures (autrement dit de Fokker-Planck).