Zeitschriftenartikel: „Epistle Philippians“

1

Balint-Feudvarski, Miroslav. „Sanctification Through Knowledge and Imitation in Philippians“. Kairos 12, Nr. 1 (15.05.2018): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32862/k.12.1.2.

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Throughout the New Testament, we find exhortations to imitate or follow in the steps of Christ, Paul and even some other godly people. In the Epistle to the Philippians, we find this exhortation to imitate incorporated into a Pauline theology of progressive sanctification. Sanctification in Philippians is portrayed as a conforming to Christ through the knowledge of Him, which comes through tripartite means of the Word of God (the Apostolic teaching), the internal work of God’s Spirit and the imitation of Christ, the Apostle Paul and other godly examples. We will aim at forming a biblical theology of sanctification through imitation restricted in our analysis to the Epistle of Philippians. First part of the article reviews the teaching of sanctification in Philippians, with an emphasis on passages where Paul directly addresses this issue: Philippians 1:9-11, 27-29; 2:12-16; 3:1-15. Second part of the article introduces us to biblical teaching on imitation, and then it reviews a downward spiral of imitation: imitating Christ (Phil. 2:5), imitating Paul (Phil. 3:17a; 4:9) and imitating Paul’s faithful imitators (Phil. 3:17b). In the conclusion, we will see that imitation of Christ and His faithful imitators is a means of progressive sanctification that is both important and often neglected, both by those who should serve as primary examples of godliness (spiritual leaders) and those who need to learn by imitating.

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Foster, Paul. „The Concept of Submission in the Epistle to the Philippians“. Expository Times 121, Nr. 9 (07.05.2010): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00145246101210090402.

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3

Sellew, Philip. „Laodiceansand the Philippians Fragments Hypothesis“. Harvard Theological Review 87, Nr. 1 (Januar 1994): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000031618.

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During the 1960s, a consensus slowly emerged in New Testament scholarship, especially in Germany, that the canonical letter of Paul to the Philippians is likely to be a compilation of fragments of originally separate letters. The case for this partition hypothesis was built almost exclusively on internal evidence, which centered around the abrupt shift in tone and topic at Phil 3:2: βλἐπετε τοὺς κύνας, βλἐπετε τοὺς κακοὺς ἐργάτας βλἐπετε τὴν κατατομήν (“Look out for the dogs, look out for the workers of evil, look out for the incision!”). This section of the letter, which runs from Phil 3:2 to Phil 4:1, is marked by a tone of polemic and personalapologiaabsent from the rest of the epistle. Some of the most persuasive partitioned of the letter, whom we may call the “fragmentarians,” have identified this section as a letter fragment, sometimes called aKampfbriefand sometimes a testament, which is now found in Philippians 3.

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4

Lincoln, Andrew T., und Peter T. O'Brien. „The Epistle to the Philippians: A Commentary on the Greek Text“. Journal of Biblical Literature 112, Nr. 3 (1993): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3267771.

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5

Holloway, Paul A. „The Apocryphal Epistle to the Laodiceans and the Partitioning of Philippians“. Harvard Theological Review 91, Nr. 3 (Juli 1998): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000032168.

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6

Shiell, William. „Singing to “Lord Jesus Christ”: A Prose Hymn and Its Philippian Recipients“. Religions 14, Nr. 10 (25.09.2023): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14101228.

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Religious audiences frequently hear prose hymns as a part of their ceremonies. The “Lord Jesus Christ” hymn in Philippians 2.6–11 is one such example. The Philippian hymn fits an audience’s performance expectations compared to other Greek and Jewish prose hymns and performances. A slave lector likely recited or sang the hymn when delivering the epistle and directly addressed at least four named recipients. This article examines the narrative links between the hymn and the address in 4:1–3. Utilizing performance-critical methods, we explore how this hymn likely functioned for the ancient audience. The reading of the “Lord Jesus Christ” hymn localized the worship of Jesus in Philippi, encouraged financial giving to Paul and Timothy, taught moral lessons, and prepared the audience to address their conflict “in the Lord”.

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7

Loh, I.-Jin. „Review: The Epistle to the Philippians. A Commentary on the Greek Text“. Bible Translator 43, Nr. 3 (Juli 1992): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026009359204300308.

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8

Neutel, Karin B., und Peter-Ben Smit. „Paul, Imprisonment and Crisis: Crisis and its Negotiation as a Lens for Reading Philippians“. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 44, Nr. 1 (07.08.2021): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x211027779.

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COVID-19 has stimulated reflections on crisis as a catalyst for interpretation in both the present and the past. This article reads Philippians as embedded in different forms of crisis, most specifically the negotiation of Paul’s own context of crisis: his imprisonment. The bodily, social and spiritual dimensions of this liminal incarceration experience are here set out and the ways in which these influence the fulfilment of mission within the epistle are outlined.

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Wilmoth, Joe D., und Samantha Smyser. „The ABC-X Model of Family Stress in the Book of Philippians“. Journal of Psychology and Theology 37, Nr. 3 (September 2009): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710903700301.

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Throughout history, families have dealt with stress and crises. Hill's 1949 ABC-X model of family stress remains a useful tool for identifying the different components that affect how successfully families cope with stress. Paul's letter to the Philippians expands and illustrates this model. Therapists working with Christian families and individuals can use this model and Paul's epistle as a structure to help identify the type of stressor being experienced, explore family resources, and evaluate the individual's or family's meaning of the stressor, helping them to respond successfully to stress.

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Bevzyuk, Natalya. „THE HERMENEUTICS OF JOY IN THE EPISTLE OF THE APOSTLE PAUL TO THE PHILIPPIANS“. Doxa, Nr. 1(39) (21.06.2023): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2023.1(39).306547.

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The article is an attempt to carry out a hermeneutic analysis of the biblical text of the Epistle of the Apostle Paul to the Philippians. The article is also part of the development of biblical hermeneutics in Ukraine. The main attention is paid to the concept of “joy” as the main constant and meaning-making basis for understanding the meaning of human life. “Joy” is considered not as a feeling, but as an action, thanks to which a person determines the main values of his existence: faith, service to God and people, understanding and acceptance of weakness and indecision in difficult times, acceptance of suffering as a form of strengthening his beliefs, and, in the rest the rest, great trust in God. Such human properties, which the Apostle Paul speaks about, form the integrity of the spiritual world, self-discipline and fill life. At the same time, they are the basis for perceiving the world in joy, because no matter what achievements or mistakes befall a person, he always has a reason to rejoice – the path to God leads a person to salvation, emphasizes the Apostle Paul.

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Holloway, Paul A. „Deliberating Life and Death: Paul's TragicDubitatioin Philippians 1:22–26“. Harvard Theological Review 111, Nr. 2 (April 2018): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816018000044.

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AbstractDubitatiois a complex figure of speech in which a speaker explicitly weighs her or his options in the course of making a difficult decision.Dubitatiowas typically used to display a protagonist's character as revealed in her or his decision-making. In Philippians 1:22–26, Paul usesdubitatioto draw the readers into his deliberations whether to commit suicide in prison. In so doing, he not only reveals to them his own character but their character as well, in as much as it is their inordinate grief over his imprisonment that will ultimately determine Paul's decision.Dubitatiooccurs already in Homer, but it was made famous in Greek tragedy, where it largely defined the genre. The tragicdubitatiowas parodied in subsequent comedy and, by the Roman period, was beginning to appear in other genres, including political oratory, various poetic genres, history, and epistle. Paul's apt use ofdubitatioin Phil 1:22–26 shows an obvious familiarity with the figure. By attending to Paul's use ofdubitatioin Phil 1:22–26, we can arrive at a fresh and convincing interpretation of this challengingcrux interpretum.

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Ramarolahy Patricia Josette und Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy. „The Kenosis of Jesus Christ: Model of the Christian Life According To Philippians 2:5-11“. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 5, Nr. 3 (18.12.2023): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v5i3.997.

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In the ancient city of Philippi, resonant with echoes of a bygone prosperity, the apostle Paul wove an indelible narrative in his epistle to the Philippians. Penned during his Roman imprisonment, this literary masterpiece, nestled within the realm of captivity epistles, expresses gratitude to a church intimately entwined with Paul's challenges. At its core lies a profound theme—the "Kenosis of Jesus Christ," unraveling divine humility as expounded in Philippians 2:5-11. This theological journey delves into diverse interpretations by researchers, spanning epochs from the Church Fathers to contemporary theologians. While the Church Fathers grapple with the dual nature of Jesus, reformers and modern theologians provide nuanced perspectives, revealing the enduring relevance of kenosis. The ramifications of kenosis on Malagasy life manifest in humanitarian salvation, exemplified in the voluntary abasement and subsequent exaltation of Jesus Christ outlined in Philippians 2:5-11. This transformative power extends beyond theological discourse, influencing progress, national reconciliation, and ecclesiastical renewal in the daily life of Madagascar. Examining the compatibility of kenosis with Madagascar's development, we discern its potential as both a tool and an obstacle. As an effective tool, kenosis aligns with the true preaching of the Gospel and the lived experience of humility, fostering a trajectory toward societal flourishing. However, as an obstacle, it is manifested in the tolerance of injustice, and conflicting with the current societal situation. Kenosis emerges as a profound concept in Christian theology, inviting believers to embody the humility exemplified by Christ. The theological journey traverses diverse interpretations, illuminating the richness and complexity of this motif. In the context of Madagascar, kenosis catalyzes positive shifts in daily life, national reconciliation, and ecclesiastical renewal. This paradigm offers a transformative pathway for countries in progress, transcending economic metrics to embrace societal flourishing. The compatibility of kenosis with Madagascar's development calls for a recalibration of societal values, blending true Gospel preaching and humility to counter contemporary challenges and embrace the profound meaning of kenosis.

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Ramarolahy Patricia Josette und Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy. „The Kenosis Of Jesus Christ: Model Of The Christian Life According To Philippians 2:5-11“. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 6, Nr. 1 (20.02.2024): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v6i1.1061.

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In the ancient city of Philippi, resonant with echoes of a bygone prosperity, the apostle Paul wove an indelible narrative in his epistle to the Philippians. Penned during his Roman imprisonment, this literary masterpiece, nestled within the realm of captivity epistles, expresses gratitude to a church intimately entwined with Paul's challenges. At its core lies a profound theme—the "Kenosis of Jesus Christ," unraveling divine humility as expounded in Philippians 2:5-11. This theological journey delves into diverse interpretations by researchers, spanning epochs from the Church Fathers to contemporary theologians. While the Church Fathers grapple with the dual nature of Jesus, reformers and modern theologians provide nuanced perspectives, revealing the enduring relevance of kenosis. The ramifications of kenosis on Malagasy life manifest in humanitarian salvation, exemplified in the voluntary abasement and subsequent exaltation of Jesus Christ outlined in Philippians 2:5-11. This transformative power extends beyond theological discourse, influencing progress, national reconciliation, and ecclesiastical renewal in the daily life of Madagascar. Examining the compatibility of kenosis with Madagascar's development, we discern its potential as both a tool and an obstacle. As an effective tool, kenosis aligns with the true preaching of the Gospel and the lived experience of humility, fostering a trajectory toward societal flourishing. However, as an obstacle, it is manifested in the tolerance of injustice, conflicting with the current societal situation. Kenosis emerges as a profound concept in Christian theology, inviting believers to embody the humility exemplified by Christ. The theological journey traverses diverse interpretations, illuminating the richness and complexity of this motif. In the context of Madagascar, kenosis catalyzes positive shifts in daily life, national reconciliation, and ecclesiastical renewal. This paradigm offers a transformative pathway for countries in progress, transcending economic metrics to embrace societal flourishing. The compatibility of kenosis with Madagascar's development calls for a recalibration of societal values, blending true Gospel preaching and humility to counter contemporary challenges and embrace the profound meaning of kenosis.

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14

Maier, Harry O. „Purity and Danger in Polycarp's Epistle to the Philippians: The Sin of Valens in Social Perspective“. Journal of Early Christian Studies 1, Nr. 3 (1993): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0167.

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15

Wittman, Tyler R. „Belonging to Another: Christ, Moral Nature, and the Shape of Humility“. Studies in Christian Ethics 33, Nr. 3 (25.12.2018): 392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0953946818822276.

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This article reflects on Paul’s Christology in the Epistle to the Philippians and the operative notion of humility that is both implicit and explicit in his paraenesis. Through a theological exegesis of the famous Christ-hymn in particular, three consequential aspects of humility come to the fore: its grounding in Christ’s love, as well as its definition by and distinction from Christ’s own humility. Humility thus has a Christological foundation in a twofold sense because Christ not only exemplifies this virtue but constitutes the moral nature that defines those who belong to him. When the shape of humility is discerned in this light and explicated in relation to the theological virtues, it is understood as a form of eschatological belonging that finds concrete expression in faith working through love.

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16

Holmes, Michael W. „Polycarp’s Epistle to the Philippians and the Martyrdom of Polycarp: Introduction, Text, and Commentary ed. by Paul Hartog“. Journal of Early Christian Studies 22, Nr. 4 (2014): 590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.2014.0049.

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17

Gupta, Nijay K. „Submission within the Godhead and the Church in the Epistle to the Philippians: An Exegetical and Theological Examination of the Concept of Submission in Philippians 2 and 3 - By M. Sydney Park“. Religious Studies Review 35, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2009.01321_30.x.

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18

Lee, Jongman. „Some notes on a misconception and revision of the Korean Revised Version: Using the Epistle of Philippians as a case study“. Pierson Journal of Theology 13, Nr. 1 (29.02.2024): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18813/pjt.2024.02.13.1.29.

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19

Uffelmann, Dirk. „From a Rhetoric of tapeinosis and humilitas through the Tradition of Holy Fools to Dostoevsky’s Christopoetics (The Idiot)“. Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal, Nr. 1 (2022): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2022-1-100-122.

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The Christological hymn included in Apostle Paul’s Epistle to the Philippians (2,5-11) applies two different Greek verbs in connection to the concept of Christ’s self-humiliation: kenosis and tapeinosis. This article traces the interconnections between the ethical norm of positive self-humiliation (kenosis) and the rhetorical practice of abasement (tapeinosis). The latter used to be considered as something undesirable throughout most of the history of rhetoric, while it was rendered functional by the imitators of Christ. This fact gave rise to a thread ranging from Greek fathers (John Chrysostom, Theodoret of Cyrrhus) to Johann Georg Hamann and Karlfried Gründer, who argue for a positive understanding of rhetorical humility as well. Drawing on this conceptual tradition, the author zooms in on the poor appearance and humble speech of Russian holy fools which inspired the communicative behavior of the Christlike character of Count Myshkin as imagined in Fedor M. Dostoevsky’s novel The Idiot (1867-1869). In contrast to merely negative interpretations of Myshkin’s defeat in the plot of the novel, for example by Walter Benjamin, the author demonstrates that it is exactly his communicative deficits and clumsiness which render Myshkin a convincing imitator of Christ—through his ethical humility and oral defensiveness, which make Myshkin’s failure comparable to Christ’s passion and crucifixion.

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Holmes, Michael W., und Paul Hartog. „Polycarp and the New Testament: The Occasion, Rhetoric, Theme, and Unity of the Epistle to the Philippians and Its Allusions to New Testament Literature“. Journal of Biblical Literature 121, Nr. 4 (2002): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3268587.

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21

Gregory, A. „Review: Polycarp and the New Testament. The Occasion, Rhetoric, Theme and Unity of the Epistle to the Philippians and its Allusions to New Testament Literature.“ Journal of Theological Studies 54, Nr. 2 (01.10.2003): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/54.2.738.

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22

Hubbard, Moyer. „Philippi: How Christianity Began in Europe: The Epistle to the Philippians and the Excavations at Philippi Eduard Verhoef London: Bloomsbury, 2013. xii + 114pp. pb. £17.99, ISBN 978-0-567-33104-5“. Evangelical Quarterly 87, Nr. 1 (26.04.2015): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-08701015.

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23

Бурмистрова, Светлана Владимировна. „“A faithful disciple of the Apostle Paul...”: on the question of the motives of the spiritual rapprochement of Archimandrite Theodore (A. M. Bukharev) and N. V. Gogol (based on the memoirs of V. Lavrsky)“. Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, Nr. 3(233) (17.05.2024): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2024-3-103-112.

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Тема «Гоголь и Бухарев», впервые обозначенная в научно-богословской периодике конца XIX – начала XX в., стала предметом литературоведческого изучения лишь недавно. У истоков ее филологического осмысления стоят работы В. А. Воропаева, в которых книга о. Феодора (Бухарева) «Три письма к Гоголю, писанные в 1848 году» была включена в контекст изучения критического восприятия «Выбранных мест из переписки с друзьями» в литературе XIX в. Представляется, что не менее значимым является вопрос о мировоззренческой общности Гоголя и архим. Феодора, все еще не получивший обстоятельного рассмотрения в современной науке. Цель статьи – на материале мемуарных и публицистических текстов последней трети XIX – начала XX в. определить наиболее значимые факторы, послужившие предпосылкой для духовного сближения Гоголя и Бухарева. Материалом исследования выступают опубликованные в дореволюционной периодике («Богословский вестник», «Православный собеседник» и др.) мемуары, заметки, некрологи, посвященные архим. Феодору и содержащие в той или иной степени сведения о его знакомстве с Гоголем, а также запечатлевшие первые попытки современников разобраться в вопросе о воздействии друг на друга писателя и богослова. Материалы анализируются в междисциплинарном аспекте: историко-литературный метод дополняется методологическим инструментарием рецептивной эстетики и библейского богословия. По результатам исследования сделан вывод о характерном как для Гоголя, так и для о. Феодора (Бухарева) интересе к личности и богословию апостола Павла. Представляется, что именно это обстоятельство сыграло решающую роль в идейном и духовном сближении писателя и богослова. Начиная с конца 1840-х гг. Бухарев подготовил ряд научно-богословских работ об апостоле Павле («Учение ап. Павла об антихристе во 2 послании к Солунянам», «Несколько статей о святом апостоле Павле», «О подлинности апостольских посланий», «О послании апостола Павла к Филиппийцам», «О послании к Римлянам» и др.), заложивших основы изучения апостольской части Нового Завета в отечественной библеистике. Вероятно, о. Феодор стал для Гоголя своего рода консультантом по вопросам толкования посланий апостола Павла. И писателя, и богослова можно назвать «учениками апостола Павла», почерпнувшими из его посланий комплекс богословских идей, в значительной степени определивших их религиозный опыт, а в отношении Гоголя – и эстетическую концепцию. Сложно утверждать однозначно, кто на кого – богослов или писатель – оказал большее влияние, поскольку почти не сохранилось прямых свидетельств, сообщающих о конкретном содержании и характере бесед Гоголя с о. Феодором. Скорее всего, влияние было взаимным и равнозначным, поскольку о. Феодор питал искреннее уважение к Гоголю и восхищался его творчеством, а писатель с почтением относился к о. Феодору как носителю духовного сана и ученому богослову. Кроме того, их объединяли общие идеи и общий наставник в толковании и применении в жизни христианского учения – святой апостол Павел. The topic “Gogol and Bukharev” has moved into literary studies from the theological sphere. V. A. Voropaev was one of the first to turn to its philological understanding, who included the book by O. Feodor (Bukharev) “Three Letters to Gogol written in 1848” in the context of the problem of perception of “Selected passages from correspondence with friends” in the criticism of the XIX century. It seems that no less significant for modern science is the question of the ideological community of the writer and the theologian, their influence on each other, which left a mark in the activities of each of them. The purpose of the article is to use the material of memoirs and journalistic texts from the last third of the 19th – early 20th centuries to determine the most significant factors that served as a prerequisite for the spiritual rapprochement of Gogol and Bukharev. The research material was published in pre-revolutionary periodicals (“Theological Bulletin”, “Orthodox Interlocutor”, etc.) memoirs, notes, obituaries dedicated to Archimandrite Theodore and containing in one way or another information about his acquaintance with Gogol. The materials are analyzed in an interdisciplinary aspect: the historical and literary method is complemented by methodological tools of receptive aesthetics and biblical theology. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that both Gogol and Archimandrite Theodore (Bukharev) had an interest in the personality and theology of the Apostle Paul. It seems that this circumstance played a decisive role in the ideological and spiritual rapprochement of the writer and the theologian. Beginning in the late 1840s, Bukharev prepared a number of scientific and theological works on the Apostle Paul (“The Teaching of the Ap. St. Paul on the Antichrist in the 2nd Epistle to the Thessalonians”, “Several articles on the Holy Apostle Paul”, “On the authenticity of the Apostolic Epistles”, "On the Epistle of the Apostle Paul to the Philippians”, “On the Epistle to the Romans”, etc.), laid the foundations for the study of the apostolic part of the New Testament in Russian biblical studies. Probably, Archimandrite Theodore became a kind of consultant for Gogol on the interpretation of the letters of the Apostle Paul. Both the writer and the theologian can be called “disciples of the Apostle Paul,” who drew from his epistles a set of theological ideas that largely determined their religious experience, and in relation to Gogol, their aesthetic concept. It is difficult to say unequivocally who influenced whom – the theologian or writer – because there is almost no direct evidence that reports on the specific content and nature of Gogol’s conversations with Father Theodore. Most likely, the influence was mutual and equivalent, since they were united by common ideas, interests and a common mentor in the interpretation and application of Christian teaching in life – St. Paul the Apostle.

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Turner, Geoffrey. „Philippi: How Christianity Began in Europe. The Epistle to the Philippians and the Excavations at Philippi. By Edouard Verhoef . Pp. xii, 114 + 16 pages of colour illustrations, London, Bloomsbury T & T Clark, 2013, £17.99.“ Heythrop Journal 57, Nr. 4 (02.06.2016): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/heyj.18_12327.

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25

Oakes, Peter. „Oral Biblical Criticism: The Influence of the Principles of Orality on the Literary Structure of Paul’s Epistle to the Philippians by Casey Wayne Davis (JSNT Supp. Series 172; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999. 199 pp. hb. £35.00. ISBN 1-85075-972-3)“. Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology 73, Nr. 4 (12.09.2001): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07304014.

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26

TUCKETT, CHRISTOPHER. „Polycarp and the New Testament. The occasion, rhetoric, theme, and unity of the Epistle to the Philippians and its allusions to New Testament literature. By Paul Hartog. (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2. Reihe 134.) Pp. x+288. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2002. €49 (paper). 3 16 147419 8“. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 54, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 319–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204690327723x.

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Phillips, Jane. „Paraphrases on the Epistles to the Corinthians, the Epistles to the Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians“. Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 30, Nr. 1 (2010): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/027628510x533891.

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Aguilar, Filomeno V. „Beyond Inevitability: The Opening of Philippine Provincial Ports in 1855“. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25, Nr. 1 (März 1994): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400006688.

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The opening of Philippine provincial ports to the world market in 1855 served to solidify the direct incorporation of regions outside Manila into the international capitalist system. This article reconstructs the events surrounding this important episode by situating it in the context of global capitalist dynamics and Spanish imperial decay, and the conjuncture in which local interest groups manoeuvred to intervene in the colonial state processes of the Spanish Philippines. In line with Philip Abrams' vision of history as the nexus of structure and action, the 1855 ports policy is reinterpreted as issuing from the articulation of macro and micro spheres, a perspective which allows for contingency in so far as the possibilities of human actors confronting structured totalities are multiple yet theoretically bounded. By eschewing the overdetermined view of socioeconomic change and by accounting for human agency in history, this article serves as a case study to overcome the notion of inexorability that, as David Booth rightly points out, has been frequently imputed to the epoch of global capitalist change.

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Oviedo Peñuela, L., M. Torrens, F. Fonseca und P. Rossi. „Population characteristics of methamphetamine shabu users“. European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1753.

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IntroductionShabu is a crystal methamphetamine whose consumption is common among the community of Philippine immigrants in Spain.ObjectivesTo describe the sociodemographic, healthcare and clinical characteristics of patients using shabu who have been treated by the psychiatry and addiction department of a tertiary hospital.MethodsWe describe the cases of patients treated in the psychiatry and addiction department of the hospital del Mar in Barcelona, Spain with methamphetamine use disorder. We collected sociodemographic variables, monitoring features and psychiatric comorbidity from the review of medical records.ResultsTen cases of patients with severe use disorder of shabu were identified. Eight patients are from the Philippines. Nine are men (90%). At the beginning of the medical follow-up the average age was 30 years (21–41 years). All of them reported being unemployed. Four patients were referred urgently to the hospital from an ambulatory care center, two belonged to a specific program for children and adolescents, two were treated at the emergency department and two were assessed during their admissions in other departments. Regarding clinical characteristics, six had associated psychiatric disorders: two have paranoid schizophrenia, two had induced psychotic episode, one had unspecified psychosis and other had conduct disorder.ConclusionsShabu is a drug that the Philippine community in Spain consumes in their daily life in a social context. However, consumption of this drug could be linked to the onset of psychotic symptoms. Registration is necessary to standardize the consumption pattern in order to establish a relationship between consumption and the appearance of psychotic and organic symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Thielman, Frank. „The Coherence of Paul's View of the Law: The Evidence of First Corinthians“. New Testament Studies 38, Nr. 2 (April 1992): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500019883.

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Students of Paul's theology have directed much attention in recent years to the coherence of Paul's view of the law. Fascination with the subject is understandable since, at least for some, nothing less than the value of Paul's thinking for Christian theology is at stake in the debate.1 Most of the debate's energy has naturally focused not upon First Corinthians but upon the three epistles in which Paul speaks most fervently and frequently about the law: Gal-atians, Romans, and Philippians.2 Paul does, after all, use the word νόμος only eight times3 in First Corinthians whereas in Galatians, Romans, and Philippians, he uses it over a hundred times. In these three letters, moreover, the issue of the law is front and centre, for Paul is arguing energetically in all three against opponents who are trying to impose the law upon his Gentile converts. In First Corinthians, however, even if Cephas at one time passed through the community, there is nearly nothing to indicate that Judaizing had become a problem.4

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Deschamps, Anne, Serge Lallemand und Stéphane Dominguez. „The last spreading episode of the West Philippine Basin revisited“. Geophysical Research Letters 26, Nr. 14 (15.07.1999): 2073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900448.

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Kroeker, Greta Grace. „Collected Works of Erasmus: Paraphrases on the Epistles to the Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians (review)“. University of Toronto Quarterly 81, Nr. 3 (2012): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2012.0143.

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HUSANA, DANIEL EDISON M., SWEE HEE TAN und TOMOKI KASE. „A new genus and species of anchialine Hymenosomatidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Samar, Philippines“. Zootaxa 3109, Nr. 1 (24.11.2011): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3109.1.3.

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A new genus and species of brachyuran crab, Samarplax principe (family Hymenosomatidae) is described from an anchialine cave in Samar Island, Philippines. This cavernicolous species lacks rostrum and has degenerated eyes, possesses two small spines at the lateral margin of the carapace, has a proportionally shorter projected merus of the third maxilliped, an almost flat epistome and brush-like setae instead of teeth along the cutting edges of the chelae. The complete loss of visual organs and pigmentation, the long but slender ambulatory legs and large egg size suggest a completely hypogeal lifestyle for this species. This is the first species of Hymenosomatidae recorded from an anchialine cave in the Philippines exhibiting true troglomorphic adaptations.

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Marisi, Candra Gunawan. „Implikasi Paralelisme Janus dalam Filipi 3:9 Bagi Iman Percaya Masa Kini“. DIEGESIS: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika 5, Nr. 2 (26.12.2022): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53547/diegesis.v5i2.267.

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Paul is a great writer. As a Pharisee is undoubtedly his skill as an interpreter and writer with the semistic style seen in parts of his writings. The basic point for understanding the epistles, however, is that in the Jewish and Pharisee backgrounds it remained an integral part of Paul. His identity as a Jew and his concern for his nation's heritage provide one side of dialogue that continues throughout the letter, an arch that runs back and forth across patterns. Likewise, in Paul's writings in Philippians 3:9, there is a central point of Paul's belief in God's justification. This research was conducted using a qualitative method with a semantic analysis approach, namely with the literary style of Janus parallelism and the polysemy parallelism approach to texts. There is a literary style of Janus's parallelism in Paul's writing style in Philippians 3:9. Through this method of parallelism Janus can look deeper into the meaning written by Paul of "the justification of God through the Faithfulness of Christ." This verse has similarities with what Paul wrote in Romans 1:17 and Galatians 2:16 and 3:11 regarding the believer's justification first of all because of "Christ's faithfulness" until death even to death on the cross. Paul had a firm conviction that believers are justified not because of the law, but believers are justified because of Christ's faithfulness which is the righteousness that God bestows upon believers.Keywords: janus parallelism; polysemy parelelism; Paul; pistis; Philippian’s letter AbstrakPaulus merupakan seorang penulis yang handal. Sebagai seorang Farisi tidak diragukan lagi keahliannya sebagai penafsir dan penulis dengan gaya semistik yang terlihat dalam bagian-bagian tulisannya. Poin dasar untuk pemahaman tentang surat-surat itu, bagaimanapun, adalah bahwa di latar belakang Yahudi dan Farisi tetap menjadi bagian integral dari Paulus. Identitas dirinya sebagai seorang Yahudi dan kepeduliannya terhadap warisan bangsanya memberikan satu sisi dialog yang berlanjut di seluruh surat, lengkungan yang berjalan bolak-balik di seluruh pola. Demikian juga terlihat dalam tulisan Paulus di surat Filipi 3:9 terdapat pusat keyakinan Paulus terhadap pembenaran Allah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisa semantik, yakni dengan gaya sastra paralelisme Janus dan pendekatan paralelisme polisemi terhadap teks. Terdapat gaya sastra paralelisme Janus pada gaya penulisan Paulus dalam teks Filipi 3:9. Melalui metode paralelisme Janus ini dapat melihat lebih dalam kepada makna yang dituliskan oleh Paulus tentang “pembenaran Allah melalui Kesetiaan Kristus.” Ayat ini memiliki kesamaan dengan apa yang Paulus tuliskan di dalam Roma 1:17 dan Galatia 2:16 dan 3:11 mengenai pembenaran orang percaya pertama-tama adalah karena “kesetiaan Kristus” sampai mati bahkan sampai mati di kayu salib. Paulus memiliki keyakinan yang teguh bahwa orang percaya dibenarkan bukan karena melakukan hukum Taurat, melainkan orang percaya dibenarkan karena kesetiaan Kristus yaitu kebenaran yang Allah anugerahkan kepada orang percaya.Kata kunci: paralelisme janus; parelelisme polisemi; Paulus; pistis; surat filipi

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Kilpatrick, Robert. „:Collected Works of Erasmus: Paraphrases on the Epistles to the Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians. New Testament Scholarship“. Sixteenth Century Journal 42, Nr. 1 (01.03.2011): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj23076760.

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Turk, Thomas A. „Editorial: Sustainability investments — Disclosure, board structure, innovation, efficiency, and employee performance“. Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 7, Nr. 2 (2023): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv7i2editorial.

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The current issue of the journal provides comprehensive information on the latest research in the field of sustainability. This episode examines a variety of contexts, from Canadian pension funds to Indian boardrooms, Philippine financial firms, and more. Moreover, the diverse range of methodologies applied from content analysis, to data envelopment analysis, to traditional statistical techniques for archival data demonstrate the power of alternative approaches for extracting inferences from data.

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Li, Xiuzhen, und Wen Zhou. „Quasi-4-Yr Coupling between El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Water Vapor Transport over East Asia–WNP“. Journal of Climate 25, Nr. 17 (27.03.2012): 5879–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00433.1.

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Abstract The summer moisture circulation anomaly over East Asia and the western North Pacific (WNP) couples well with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a quasi-4-yr period. The moisture circulation is dominated by two well-separated modes. The first mode exhibits an anticyclonic (cyclonic) moisture circulation over tropical–subtropical East Asia–WNP with an easterly (westerly) transport over the tropical WNP–Indian Ocean; the second mode displays an alternating pattern with an anticyclonic (cyclonic) moisture circulation over the subtropical WNP layered between two cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulations. Both modes couple well with the ENSO signal during its quasi-4-yr cycle. Within the cycle, in the summer of a developing warm episode, the positive phase of the second mode plays a key role, while in the transitional summer between a decaying warm episode and a developing cool episode, the positive phase of the first mode tends to take effect. In the summer of a developing cool episode, the negative phase of the second mode plays an important role, while the negative phase of the first mode tends to take effect in the transitional summer between a decaying cool episode and a developing warm episode. The anticyclone (cyclone) over the Philippine Sea region serves as a bridge in the quasi-four-year coupling. Its establishment and eastward extension modify moisture circulation over East Asia–WNP. Conversely, the easterly (westerly) wind to the south of the anticyclone (cyclone) is beneficial for the formation and eastward propagation of the Kelvin wave and, hence, to the development of the quasi-4-yr periodic ENSO episode.

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Swanson, Ross, und Nae Hanashiro Ávila. „Remembering the Empire: Imperial Nostalgia and Amnesia in 1898: Los últimos de Filipinas (2016) by Salvador Calvo“. Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 46, Nr. 1 (30.05.2024): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/rceh.v46i1.6882.

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This article analyzes the Spanish film 1898: Los últimos de Filipinas (2016) by director Salvador Calvo, a dramatization of an episode of the Spanish-American War. Several critics have read the film as a nuanced and anti-patriotic adaptation of this historical event, in contrast to the Francoist propaganda film Los últimos de Filipinas (1945) by Antonio Román. Drawing on the term “imperial amnesia”, we argue that the film patriotically highlights the heroism of the Spanish characters while downplaying the violence of the colonial relationship. In the end, this narrative enacts a fantasy of reconciliation between Spain and the Philippines.

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Campillo, Luke C., Joseph D. Manthey, Robert C. Thomson, Peter A. Hosner und Robert G. Moyle. „Genomic differentiation in an endemic Philippine genus (Aves: Sarcophanops) owing to geographical isolation on recently disassociated islands“. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, Nr. 4 (21.10.2020): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa143.

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Abstract Phylogeographical studies of Philippine vertebrates have demonstrated that genetic variation is broadly partitioned by Pleistocene island aggregation. Contemporary island discontinuity is expected to influence genetic differentiation but remains relatively undocumented, perhaps because the current episode of island isolation started in relatively recent times. We investigated inter- and intra-island population structure in a Philippine endemic bird genus (Sarcophanops) to determine whether genetic differentiation has evolved during the recent period of isolation. We sequenced thousands of genome-wide restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers from throughout the Mindanao group to assess fine-scale genetic structure across islands. Specifically, we investigated patterns of gene flow and connectivity within and between taxonomic and geographical bounds. A previous assessment of mitochondrial DNA detected deep structure between Sarcophanops samarensis and a sister species, Sarcophanops steerii, but was insufficient to detect differentiation within either species. Analysis of RAD markers, however, revealed structure within S. samarensis between the islands of Samar/Leyte and Bohol. This genetic differentiation probably demonstrates an effect of recent geographical isolation (after the Last Glacial Maximum) on the genetic structure of Philippine avifauna. We suggest that the general lack of evidence for differentiation between recently isolated populations is a failure to detect subtle population structure owing to past genetic sampling constraints, rather than the absence of such structure.

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Dingman, Roger. „The Diplomacy of Dependency: The Philippines and Peacemaking with Japan, 1945–52“. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 17, Nr. 2 (September 1986): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400001077.

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Historians have examined the Japanese peace settlement of 1951 in a variety of ways. A few have treated it as an episode in the ongoing evolution of the structure of international relations in the Pacific and East Asia. Most have focused on the interaction between the principal victor, the United States, and vanquished Japan, weighing the negotiating successes and failures of each and assessing the impact of the settlement on subsequent Japanese-American relations. Recently still other historians have exploited newly available archival materials to analyze the role middle-range powers such as Australia and Britain played in shaping the 1951 peace treaty. While this research has revealed a great deal about the San Francisco peace settlement, it has left unexplored the part small powers played in a major restructuring of the Pacific/East Asian international order.

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Stubbs, B., D. Vancampfort, N. Veronese, K. G. Kahl, A. J. Mitchell, P. Y. Lin, P. T. Tseng et al. „Depression and physical health multimorbidity: primary data and country-wide meta-analysis of population data from 190 593 people across 43 low- and middle-income countries“. Psychological Medicine 47, Nr. 12 (04.04.2017): 2107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000551.

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BackgroundDespite the known heightened risk and burden of various somatic diseases in people with depression, very little is known about physical health multimorbidity (i.e. two or more physical health co-morbidities) in individuals with depression. This study explored physical health multimorbidity in people with clinical depression, subsyndromal depression and brief depressive episode across 43 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodCross-sectional, community-based data on 190 593 individuals from 43 LMICs recruited via the World Health Survey were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between depression and physical multimorbidity.ResultsOverall, two, three and four or more physical health conditions were present in 7.4, 2.4 and 0.9% of non-depressive individuals compared with 17.7, 9.1 and 4.9% among people with any depressive episode, respectively. Compared with those with no depression, subsyndromal depression, brief depressive episode and depressive episode were significantly associated with 2.62, 2.14 and 3.44 times higher odds for multimorbidity, respectively. A significant positive association between multimorbidity and any depression was observed across 42 of the 43 countries, with particularly high odds ratios (ORs) in China (OR 8.84), Laos (OR 5.08), Ethiopia (OR 4.99), the Philippines (OR 4.81) and Malaysia (OR 4.58). The pooled OR for multimorbidity and depression estimated by meta-analysis across 43 countries was 3.26 (95% confident interval 2.98–3.57).ConclusionsOur large multinational study demonstrates that physical health multimorbidity is increased across the depression spectrum. Public health interventions are required to address this global health problem.

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Ng, Peter K. L., und Chien-Hui Yang. „On two new species of deep-sea carrier crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura, Homolodromiidae, Dicranodromia) from Taiwan and the Philippines, with notes on other Indo-West Pacific species“. ZooKeys 1072 (22.11.2021): 129–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1072.72978.

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The systematics of four species of the homolodromiid genus Dicranodromia A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, from East Asia and the Philippines is reappraised: D. danielae Ng & McLay, 2005, D. doederleini Ortmann, 1892, D. karubar Guinot, 1993, and D. martini Guinot, 1995; and key characters such as the epistome, gonopods, and spermatheca are figured in detail. Two new species, D. erinaceussp. nov. and D. robustasp. nov., are described from Taiwan and the Philippines, respectively. Dicranodromia erinaceussp. nov. resembles D. spinulata Guinot, 1995, and D. delli Ahyong, 2008 (from New Caledonia and New Zealand) but can be separated by its distinctly spinulated carapace surfaces and proportionately shorter fifth ambulatory legs. Dicranodromia robustasp. nov. is superficially similar to D. baffini (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) and D. karubar Guinot, 1993, but can easily be separated by possessing a broad dorsoventrally flattened infraorbital tooth. A genetic study of the species using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene confirms that the taxa are distinct, with D. erinaceussp. nov. coming out in a well-supported clade from congeners. The megalopa of D. doederleini is also reported for the first time.

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Stein, Patrick. „A New Embassy from Taiwan: The Zheng Regime as Extraterritorial Arbiter of Ethnic Peace in Manila, 1662–1683“. Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 15, Nr. 2 (07.10.2021): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-15020005.

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Abstract In 1662, shortly after conquering Taiwan, Zheng Chenggong wrote to the Spanish governor of Manila, threatening to invade the Philippines if the Spanish did not swear vassalage to his new regime. Although the Spanish refused, Chenggong died before he could carry out his threat, and his successor Zheng Jing wrote a second letter offering terms for peace. These exchanges provide some of the only surviving direct recordings of the Zheng leaders’ beliefs regarding the rights, responsibilities, and boundaries of “Chinese” identity, in particular the relationship between Sangleys and Chinese rulers. Both Zhengs claimed rulership over Manila’s Chinese, but where Zheng Chenggong stated a right to direct rule over this population, Zheng Jing compromised by requesting changes to the Spanish laws which governed his “subjects” in the Philippines. These demands recall modern notions of citizenship and extraterritoriality, and provide a rare contemporary Chinese perspective on colonial Manila’s policies of ethnic segregation. The Zheng state’s active pressure, by contrast to Ming and Qing emperors’ customary disinterest in overseas Chinese, forced the Spanish to reduce their oppression of and reliance on the Chinese, but this also involved expelling thousands of migrants and enforcing long-ignored legal limits on immigration. I argue that this period of conflict clarified the Spaniard’s notion of where chinos fit into their empire’s particular ethno-legal system. This episode thus shows how the Chinese experience in the Philippines was shaped not just by European attitudes, but also by the nature of the Sangleys’ political links to China.

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Trinidad, Dennis D. „Understanding Policy Shift: Class Interests, Exogenous Pressure, and Policy Reform in the Philippines“. Philippine Political Science Journal 27, Nr. 1 (21.12.2006): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-02701002.

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The paper is a theoretical discourse on policy shift, defined as the turning point or threshold by which policymaking agents abandon old policy preferences in favor of new ones. It contends that policy shift is contingent upon two factors: (1) the nature of elite interests, and (2) exogenous pressures like world prices and economic crises. The dismantling of cohesive elite interests is essential before policy shift could take place. Exogenous pressures can help achieve this by altering the settings which define these interests. Specifically, the paper examines the liberalization of trade and investment in the Philippines as an episode of policy shift. In the 1980s, the sudden reversal of international prices of agricultural products forced many agrarian elites to abandon agriculture and shift to other more lucrative business ventures like services and manufacturing. In the process, they explored new areas of interest and formulated corresponding sets of policy preferences. Against this backdrop and under a new constitution, former President Fidel V. Ramos and his successors pursued liberalization. The trend toward further economic liberalization became irreversible due to the country’s commitment to international agreements such as the World Trade Organization, ASEAN Free Trade Area, ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement and the proposed Philippines-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement.

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Lai, S. C., A. K. Baker, T. J. Schuck, P. van Velthoven, D. E. Oram, A. Zahn, M. Hermann, A. Weigelt, F. Slemr und C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer. „Pollution plumes observed during CARIBIC flights in the upper troposphere between South China and the Philippines“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, Nr. 5 (19.10.2009): 21891–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-21891-2009.

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Abstract. A strong pollution episode in the upper troposphere between South China and the Philippines was observed during CARIBIC flights in April 2007. Five pollution plumes were intersected and enhancements in aerosol and trace gas concentrations including CO, CO2, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons were observed along the flight tracks during four sequential flights. The importance of the contribution of biomass burning was investigated using chemical tracers, emission factor analysis, back-trajectory analysis and satellite images. The Indochinese peninsula was identified as the probable source region of biomass/biofuel burning. However, enhancements in the urban/industrial tracer C2Cl4 in the plumes also indicate a substantial contribution from anthropogenic emissions. An estimation of the anthropogenic component of CO shows that biomass/biofuel burning contributed 44–63% to the intersected plumes.

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Lao, Christine Veloso. „IDEAS OF SCIENCE AND NATURE IN BIOGRAPHIES FOR FILIPINO CHILD READERS“. International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) 4, Nr. 2 (23.03.2021): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v4i2.3152.

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Many biographies for children are written to teach their readers social values and acceptable patterns of behavior. But even when no such pedagogical aims are stated, biographies for children perform an ideological function. Since they narrate a “true story,” they direct young readers to think of the world and its people in the way these are presented in the text. The Bookmark Inc.’s Woman of Science Series comprises ten books, each narrating an episode in the life of a living Filipino woman scientist. The Series’ aim is to encourage more Filipino girls to consider careers in science. Its author, Didith T. Rodrigo, herself a scientist, completed writing the series through a grant from the Philippine government. Using an ecofeminist lens, I analyze the Series to answer the following questions: What political view point or interests do these biographies serve? What patterns of behavior do they motivate children to emulate? What social relationships , and relationships between the human and non-human, do they tend to reify? I argue that the Series generally promotes anthropocentric views of science, consistent with Philippine policy pronouncements on science. However, tension points between this ideological frame and the words and practices of scientists featured in the series can be gleaned from the Series itself. I demonstrate how these tension points can lead to fruitful discussions on scientific practice informed by ecological understanding.

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Lai, S. C., A. K. Baker, T. J. Schuck, P. van Velthoven, D. E. Oram, A. Zahn, M. Hermann et al. „Pollution events observed during CARIBIC flights in the upper troposphere between South China and the Philippines“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, Nr. 4 (15.02.2010): 1649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1649-2010.

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Abstract. A strong pollution episode in the upper troposphere between South China and the Philippines was observed during CARIBIC flights in April 2007. Five pollution events were observed, where enhancements in aerosol and trace gas concentrations including CO, CO2, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons were observed along the flight tracks during four sequential flights. The importance of the contribution of biomass/biofuel burning was investigated using chemical tracers, emission factor analysis, back-trajectory analysis and satellite images. The Indochinese peninsula was identified as the probable source region of biomass/biofuel burning. However, enhancements in the urban/industrial tracer C2Cl4 during the events also indicate a substantial contribution from urban anthropogenic emissions. An estimation of the contribution of fossil fuel versus biomass/biofuel to the CO enhancement was made, indicating a biomass/biofuel burning contribution of ~54 to ~92% of the observed CO enhancements. Biomass/biofuel burning was found to be the most important source category during the sampling period.

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Li, Panfeng, Xuwen Qin, Yong Zhang, Luning Shang, Xianyao Shi, Gang Hu, Kai Lu et al. „Along-Strike Morphologic Variations of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge at 13°–17° N and Their Tectonic Implications“. Russian Journal of Pacific Geology 18, Nr. 2 (April 2024): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1819714024020052.

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Abstract The paper provides a detailed description of the topographical distribution characteristics, along-strike morphologic variations, and tectonic implications of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) in the 13°–17° N regions. The description is based on multibeam bathymetric data that was recently collected in the mid-southern segment of KPR and its surrounding areas. The findings indicate that the KPR in the studied region comprises several discontinuous seamounts and seamount chains. Along the ridge running from east to west, there is significant variation in the topography of the seafloor. Visible on this ridge are numerous deep-sea depressions and apparent topographical discontinuities. Geological tectonic processes such as plate subduction and seafloor spreading largely determine the topography of the seafloor. During the beginning of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB) spreading, the pre-existing volcanic arcs fractured under east-west extensional stress, resulting in the development of prominent seamounts, sharp ridges, relief alternations, and rift basins in the KPR. The east-west stress was subsequently transmitted to the weak and inactive mid-ocean ridge in the West Philippine Basin (WPB), which was reactivated and resulted in an episode of magma-poor spreading during 30–26 Ma. This episode caused the KPR to move eastward, stretched, and destroyed its pre-existing structure.

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Howard Marshall, I. „The Gospel of Luke by Joel B. Green (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997. xcii + 928 pp. hb. $55.00/£32.99. ISBN 0 8028 2315 7)/The Second Epistle to the Corinthians by Paul Barnett (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997. xxx + 662 pp. hb. $45./£30.00. ISBN 0 8028 2300 9)/Paul’s Letter to the Philippians by Gordon D. Fee (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995. xlvi + 497 pp. hb. $38.00/£23.99. ISBN 0 8028 2511 7)/The Book of Revelation (Revised edition) by Robert H. Mounce (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998. xxxvi + 439 pp. hb. $44.00/£29. 99. ISBN 0 8028 2537 0)“. Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology 71, Nr. 3 (12.09.1999): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07103012.

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Lee, Y. C., und A. Savtchenko. „Relationship between Air Pollution in Hong Kong and in the Pearl River Delta Region of South China in 2003 and 2004: An Analysis“. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45, Nr. 2 (01.02.2006): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2332.1.

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Abstract Air pollution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of south China, which is one of the four regions in China most heavily affected by haze, is found to correlate with that of Hong Kong, indicating the regional nature of the Hong Kong problem. Of the 10 territory-wide episode days occurring in Hong Kong in 2003 and 2004, 3 of them coincide with the most polluted days of the month in the PRD. On two other episode days, the most polluted days in the PRD occurred within 2 days of the Hong Kong episodes. The air pollution trends of the PRD cities and Hong Kong are found to resemble each other more under certain meteorological conditions than others, notably when a tropical storm is positioned at the Luzon Strait between Taiwan and Luzon in the Philippines, and the entire PRD, including Hong Kong, is equally affected by it, resulting in photochemical events. During this time, Hong Kong is downwind of nearly all pollution sources in the region. At other positions of the storm, the eastern part of the PRD is often affected more significantly. In winter episodic conditions, which occur when weak anticyclones prevail over south China, local meteorological factors, namely, inversions and sea-breeze convergences, are believed to contribute to the temporal difference of the pollution peaks in Hong Kong and the rest of the PRD.

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