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1
Lukito, Ratno. „“Compare But Not to Compare”: Kajian Perbandingan Hukum di Indonesia“. Undang: Jurnal Hukum 5, Nr. 2 (30.12.2022): 257–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ujh.5.2.257-291.
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Discussing the study of comparative law in Indonesia, this paper is interested in focusing on the issue of why comparative law studies are declining both in quantity and quality. Using Charles Tilly’s theory of social history, this paper concludes that comparative law studies in Indonesia are currently in a stagnant position and fewer people are concerned with the quality of this academic study. This paper reveals that the comparative law that began during the Dutch Rechtshoogeschool in Batavia in 1924 basically did not develop until the present day. Both in terms of epistemology, subject of the study, postulate to method and approach illustrate how comparative law studies have stagnated when compared to the development of this study abroad. Comparative law in Indonesia is only focused on substantive studies without paying attention to this scientific development on the epistemological and methodological side. Improvements can thus be proposed in dealing with this situation, namely by increasing the number of sources of writing and discussion of comparative law from outside, especially those in English, and making this comparative study a core science in legal studies.
Abstrak
Membahas kajian perbandingan hukum di Indonesia, tulisan ini tertarik untuk memfokuskan diri pada persoalan mengapa kajian perbandingan hukum semakin merosot baik kuantitas maupun kualitasnya. Dengan menggunakan teori sejarah sosial dari Charles Tilly, tulisan ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa kajian perbandingan hukum di Indonesia saat ini pada posisi yang mandeg dan semakin sedikit orang yang perhatian dengan mutu dari kajian akademik ini. Tulisan ini mengungkap bahwa perbandingan hukum yang dimulai sejak masa Rechtshoogeschool Belanda di Batavia tahun 1924 pada dasarnya tidak mengalami perkembangan hingga masa sekarang. Baik sisi epistemology, subject of the study, postulate hingga method and approach menggambarkan betapa kajian perbandingan hukum itu mengalami stagnasi bila dibandingkan dengan perkembangan kajian ini di luar negeri. Perbandingan hukum di Indonesia hanya terpusat pada kajian substantive saja tanpa memperhatikan perkembangan keilmuan ini pada sisi epistemologis dan metodologisnya. Perbaikan dengan demikian dapat diusulkan dalam menghadapi situasi ini yaitu dengan semakin memperbanyak sumber tulisan dan bahasan perbandingan hukum dari luar, khususnya yang berbahasa Inggris, dan menjadikan kajian perbandingan ini sebagai ilmu yang inti dalam kajian hukum.
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Siliquini-Cinelli, Luca. „Experience vs. knowledge in comparative law: critical notes on Pierre Legrand's ‘sensitive epistemology’“. International Journal of Law in Context 16, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552320000439.
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AbstractThis paper expounds some critical reflections on Pierre Legrand's recent account of James Gordley's and James Whitman's comparative methodologies. Pushing his unconventional writing style to the limits and labelling Gordley's ‘positivist’ and Whitman's ‘cultural’ comparative law, Legrand's piece appears to be taking the first step towards a new, more sensitive phase for the comparative study of law and legal cultures. The paper argues that, contrary to what might be first thought, Legrand's ‘sensitive epistemology’ cannot act as a gateway to cultural otherness. This is because it is wholly in line with the constructivist objectification of life that characterises the study and practice of law both within and outside the comparative-law dimension.
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Al-Hafizh, Rasyid, Fachrul Rozy . und Zaim Rais. „USUL AL-FIQH: ITS EPISTEMOLOGY, PURPOSE, AND USE“. DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 19, Nr. 1 (31.07.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v19i1.1529.
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The study of Usul Fiqh only feels essential when it deals with different problems whose orders it executes not involve in the offer of the old Fiqh. Besides that, with the rising number of participants of comparative school legislation alike to discover out which idea is more powerful, since closely as the effort to transform Islamic rule, it will increase appeared in how urgent the role of Ushul Fiqh is. The paper tries to present this discussion to suggest the relevance of this idea of Fiqh in dealing with legal issues dealt with by Muslims who sometimes put on nonessential issues. The author organized research with a comparative descriptive analysis. This study organized a view of the works of Usul Fiqh along with the rules contained there in along with the development of Usul Fiqh and its benefits from time to time. The authors identify that Ushul Fiqh plays a highly considerable position in the improvement of Islamic law. Not merely that, Usul Fiqh, the essential function of Usul Fiqh, is to improve someone to find out the rules they take based on syar'i arguments, so that they do not rely very often on considering other people whose bases they do not have. There are not a few obstacles in the Islamic world community with the presence of discoveries by scientists who require answers and confidence of Islamic law.
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Sterett, Susan. „Keeping the Law Up to Date: The Idiom of Legalism and the Reform of Administrative Law in England and Wales“. Law & Social Inquiry 15, Nr. 04 (1990): 731–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1990.tb00603.x.
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The political effectiveness of legal expertise in the United States has rested on the ability of a peak association to present itself as representing the opinion of the profession as a whole. It has also relied on a broad epistemology in which lawyers claim to know the right thing to do. However, the effectiveness and placement of such expertise is a comparative issue. This article argues that organizations other than peak associations can muster the support required for legitimacy in the modem state. The legal profession's epistemology could lead it to narrow rather than broaden its claims in order to effectively claim expertise in something. The ability of the central state to shape a profession's mandate and to reject its advice will also influence the deployment of legal expertise. The article explores these issues in the context of the reform of administrative law in England and Wales. In England and Wales, an expertise-based commission mimicked the processes expected of a peak association. In anticipation of rejection by the central administration, it constrained rather than broadened its policy recommendations.
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Riley, Stephen. „Human dignity: comparative and conceptual debates“. International Journal of Law in Context 6, Nr. 2 (21.05.2010): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552310000030.
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AbstractIs there a stable set of practices or assumptions surrounding dignity, and would these necessarily denote a single foundation sustaining that stability? Two contemporary debates offer contrasting approaches to these questions. In the first, two jurists, who share agreement over the appearances of dignity in post-1945 jurisprudence, disagree as to whether these appearances form an emerging ius commune or a contingent set of conceptions. The second, comparative, debate explores the functional consequences of dignity’s aristocratic resonances. One position posits a continuing relationship between dignity and aristocratic nobility; the other, a functional division between dignity-within-aristocracy and dignity-within-democracy. This article insists that clarification of these debates depends upon a distinction between the epistemology and ontology of dignity, and, further, a distinction between dignity’s genealogy and its grammar. It concludes that a complex genealogical inheritance is at the heart of much disagreement, and that attention to dignity’s use clarifies its deficiencies and its continuing appeal.
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Hanifi, Shah Mahmoud. „Local Experiences of Imperial Cultures“. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, Nr. 2 (01.08.2021): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9127141.
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Abstract The constitutional history thread woven through Faiz Ahmed's Afghanistan Rising: Islamic Law and Statecraft between the Ottoman and British Empires unites Afghan, Indian, Ottoman, Islamic, modernist, and other strands of analysis. Hanifi's essay addresses issues relevant to the comparative study of Afghanistan, namely, epistemology, class, culture, and empire. It explores how urban Persianate state elites in Kabul exploited imperial opportunities, especially educational opportunities, over the century since constitutional independence.
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Simioni, Fabiane, und Gabriel Saad Travassos. „Defensoria Pública Interamericana, direitos humanos e acesso à justiça na América Latina“. Revista Interdisciplinar de Direitos Humanos 9, Nr. 1 (25.06.2021): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/ridh.v9i1.47.
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Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar possibilidades de acesso à justiça e promoção dos direitos humanos no Sistema Interamericano a partir da criação de uma Defensoria Pública Interamericana. A base teórica é estruturada no campo de uma epistemologia do Sul que analisa a relevância do contexto cultural e das relações de poder na produção e reprodução do conhecimento e das práticas coloniais. O problema de pesquisa recai sobre o aprisionamento do conhecimento científico no centro-hegemônico, cujo reflexo, no Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, redunda na dificuldade de acesso das vítimas de violações de direitos humanos aos tribunais internacionais. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas são a pesquisa bibliográfica transdisciplinar e a pesquisa documental focada no estudo comparativo das instituições de promoção dos direitos humanos em diversas constituições dos países da América Latina. A metodologia de pesquisa é a hipotético-dedutiva e, a partir de uma análise crítica da epistemologia tradicional e dos direitos humanos na região latino-americana, questiona novos mecanismos de garantia de acesso à justiça no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos.
Defensoría Pública Interamericana, derechos humanos y acceso a la justicia en América Latina
Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar las posibilidades de acceso a la justicia y la promoción de los derechos humanos en el Sistema Interamericano después de la creación de una Oficina del Defensor Público Interamericano. La base teórica se estructura en el campo de una epistemología del Sur que analiza la relevancia del contexto cultural y las relaciones de poder en la producción y reproducción del conocimiento y las prácticas coloniales. El problema de la investigación radica en el encarcelamiento del conocimiento científico en el centro hegemónico cuya reflexión, en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, resulta en la dificultad de acceso para las víctimas de violaciones de los derechos humanos. tribunales internacionales Las técnicas de investigación utilizadas son la investigación bibliográfica transdisciplinaria y la investigación documental centrada en el estudio comparativo de instituciones para la promoción de los derechos humanos en diversas constituciones de países latinoamericanos. La metodología de investigación es hipotética-deductiva y, basada en un análisis crítico de la epistemología tradicional y los derechos humanos en la región latinoamericana, cuestiona nuevos mecanismos para garantizar el acceso a la justicia en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos.
Palabras clave: Defensoría del Pueblo. América Latina. Acceso a la justicia. Derechos humanos. Epistemología del Sur.
Inter-American Public Defense, humans rights and acess to justice in Latin America
This article aims to investigate possibilities of access to justice and the promotion of human rights in the Inter-American System based on the creation of an Inter-American Public Defender’s Office. The theoretical basis is structured in the field of an epistemology of the South that analyzes the relevance of the cultural context and the power relations in the production and reproduction of knowledge and colonial practices. The research problem lies in the imprisonment of scientific knowledge in the hegemonic center whose reflection, in International Human Rights Law, results in the difficulty of access for victims of human rights violations at the international courts. The research techniques used are transdisciplinary bibliographic research and documentary research focused on the comparative study of institutions for the promotion of human rights in different constitutions of Latin American countries. The research methodology is hypothetical-deductive and, based on a critical analysis of traditional epistemology and human rights in the Latin American region, it questions new mechanisms to guarantee access to justice in the Inter-American Human Rights System.
Keywords: Public Defense. Latin America. Human rights. Access to justice. Epistemology of the South.
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Mustapha, Ariyanti, und Abdul Karim Ali. „Teori Evolutionism dalam Epistemologi Usul Fiqh dari Perspektif Barat [The Theory of Evolutionism in the Epistemology of Usul Fiqh From the Western Perspective]“. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 23, Nr. 3 (30.11.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2022.23.3.692.
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Perkembangan hukum Islam yang mencapai kemuncak kegemilangan pada zaman kerajaan Abasiyyah telah menarik perhatian sarjana Barat dalam menghasilkan pelbagai kajian dan teori terhadap Zaman Keemasan hukum Islam atau The Golden Age of Islamic Jurisprudence. Penglibatan Ignaz Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, David Powers dan Wael Hallaq telah menghasilkan pelbagai kajian terhadap perkembangan usul fiqh dan sebahagian daripada karya mereka telah mendapat pengiktirafan daripada sarjana Barat sebagai The Sacred Book of Islamic Law, dan The Father of Islamic Studies. Teori Evolutionism merupakan rumusan pemahaman Barat yang merupakan garapan pemahaman umum orientalis Barat terhadap Zaman Kegemilangan hukum Islam yang didakwa terhasil akibat wujudnya elemen asing (Foreign Elements). Artikel ini dihasilkan untuk menganalisis karya penulisan Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, Wael Hallaq dan beberapa pandangan daripada orientalis kontemporari dalam menilai variasi pandangan mereka terhadap perkembangan hukum Islam yang didakwa berasaskan dogma daripada Barat. Kajian ini berasaskan kajian kualitatif dan penganalisisan data menggunakan metodologi historis dan komparatif. Hasil penganalisisan dapat dirumuskan bahawa dakwaan Goldziher dan Schacht terhadap epistemologi usul fiqh yang berasaskan dogma Barat adalah tidak tepat dan ia menafikan Teori Evolutionism dan teori The Legal Transplant yang telah diperkenalkan oleh orientalis Barat terhadap epistemologi usul fiqh.
The development of Islamic Law during the Abbasid period, known as The Golden Age of Islamic Jurisprudence has attracted the attention of western scholars and their contribution in Islamic Law. Many books and articles on usul fiqh written by Ignaz Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, David Powers, and Wael Hallaq were acknowledged by the Westerners and some of their contributions were known as The Sacred Book of Islamic Law and The Father of Islamic Studies. The Theory of Evolutionism was a stigmatism of Orientalists writing on the zenith of Islamic law during the third century, which derived from foreign elements. This article is to analyze the writing of Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, Wael Hallaq, and other Orientalists on their assumption of western dogma in Islamic Jurisprudence. This study used qualitative, historic, and comparative methodologies. The findings verified the invalidation in Schacht and Goldziher allegation on the foreign elements in usul fiqh. Thus, the Legal Transplant and the Theory of Evolutionism evolved by the Westerners in the methodology of usul fiqh are rejected.
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Rochman, Saepul, Kelik Wardiono und Arief Budiono. „Mazhab Filsafat Hukum Islam: Urgensi Pengajaran Di Perguruan Tinggi Di Indonesia“. JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) 9, Nr. 2 (02.10.2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jhr.v9i2.4908.
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This study aims to compare the teaching of the philosophy of law in Universities in Indonesia. The approach used in this article is a comparative study. The results of this study indicate that in general the teaching of legal philosophy in Indonesia is dominated by the content of the European-Western legal philosophy. This study also finds that the schools of Islamic legal philosophy comprehensively discuss aspects of ontology, epistemology, legal sources and methodologies, and legal axiology through various themes that are also studied by Western European legal philosophy without separating but placing them in certain parts. In this regard, it is necessary to add a school of Islamic legal philosophy as part of the disciplines taught by law faculties in Indonesia, especially to treat equally between the Faculty of Islamic Law and the Faculty of Western Philosophy of Law, moreover, Islamic Law is part of the Indonesian legal system.Keywords: Law, School, Teaching, University, Philosophy
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Neri, Rocco. „The Sin of Unreasonable Doubt in the Age of Unfair Trial: Comparative Perspectives“. Athens Journal of Law 9, Nr. 3 (30.06.2023): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.9-3-7.
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In order to best understand judicial decisions following evidentiary findings supported by testimony, it is necessary to start with two questions: In the case of an acquittal verdict, why was the defendant acquitted? In the case of a guilty verdict, how should the defendant be punished? The first prejudice lies in this. The witness, who is aware that his or her word may affect these two outcomes, is in turn judged without bias by the assessors. The second prejudice stems from the function of punishment: to educate by punishing, or by infringing the rights of all does not conform to the canons of social reintegration of the possible convict. This contribution, therefore, aims to find the scientific degree of moral certainty that is based on the use of rational methods of research and evaluation of evidence, oriented towards the discovery of the truthfulness of the incisive facts of the case. Keywords: Civil law and common law; Epistemology and reasonableness; Evidence; Logic; Legal certainty; Fair trial
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Glanert, Simone, und Pierre Legrand. „Law, Comparatism, and Epistemic Governance: There Is Critique and Critique“. German Law Journal 18, Nr. 3 (01.05.2017): 701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200022136.
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How many scholarly fields have experienced the disappointing fate of comparative law and continued in the grip of a demonstrably indigent epistemology for decades on end? After the early postmodernity witnessed their protracted servitude toLes Grands systèmes'sjejune classifications, facile correspondences, and meagre interpretive return — a predicament which, implausibly, endures in countries as diverse as Brazil, France, and Russia — law's comparatists began taking their epistemic orders from Hamburg and the Hamburgher diaspora. For fifty years or so, they have been gorged on a diet ofRechtsdogmatik, scientism, objectivity, neutrality, truth, and assorted shibboleths. As if these epistemic delusions were not problematic enough, the earlier, obsolete model was eventually revived although tweaked to focus on traditions instead of systems (or families). While critics were occasionally moved to chastise threadbare Hanseatic knowledge-claims — some expressing their concern in conspicuous venues, others harnessing prestigious institutional affiliations — comparative law's orthodoxy, somewhat extraordinarily, has hitherto been able to operate unencumbered by any epistemic challenge whose monographic exposition would have proved decidedly pre-eminent. It is the great merit of Gunter Frankenberg'sComparative Law As Critique, in crucial respects an account at once capital and extensive, that it interrupts, finally, the longstanding deployment of comparative law's mainstream imposture. Frankenberg's refutation is thus well worth restating, and the first part of this review wishes loyally to apply itself to this important representative task not least by affording the author much latitude to express himself in his own voice. Yet, Frankenberg's considerable critical integrity notwithstanding, this essay holds that his epistemic transgression remains too diffident. Specifically, five key concerns at least warranted more subversive epistemic commitments than Frankenberg allows. In the wake ofComparative Law As Critique, the second part of this commentary addresses these contentions with a view to making a case both for comparative law asstrongcritique and for the paradigmatic epistemic turn that has been persistently deferred within the field.
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Samuel, Geoffrey. „What Have Introductory Books on Legal Reasoning Ever Done for Us?“ Amicus Curiae 6, Nr. 1 (04.11.2024): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/ac.v6i1.5726.
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The purpose of this article is to investigate, and to review, a number of recent introductions to law with the emphasis being on those introducing students to legal reasoning. The investigation will have as its focus not just reasoning methodology but equally the ontological and epistemological foundations upon which the reasoning is based. The investigation will be comparative in its orientation; it will examine, in particular, works from common lawyers and French jurists, with references also to books produced by Roman law specialists (Romanists). It will show that many introductions are based on an ontological foundation that emphasizes rules—the rule model—and that, with regard to some of the introductory books, this emphasis has engendered what is arguably a simplistic view of legal knowledge and method. Are such books, it might be asked, epistemologically reliable? To help answer this question, another comparative orientation to be undertaken is to examine some introductory works in the social sciences in order to see not only how these works may differ in their approach to knowledge and methodology but also how methodological discussions in the social sciences could be valuable for lawyers. Keywords: analogy; epistemology; introductions; logic; ontology; perception; rule model; syllogism.
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Bahar, Muchlis. „Comparative Analysis of Classification and Factors Causing the Emergence of Bid'ah in the Perspective of Islamic Law Scholars“. International Journal of Science and Society 1, Nr. 4 (23.12.2019): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v1i4.408.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the classification and the causes of their emergence according to Islamic jurists. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive analysis approach. This research uses secondary data and the data collection method used is a literature study. The research was developed by starting the discussion in the perspective of terminology, and redeveloped in the perspective of epistemology and axiology. Based on the previous explanations and descriptions, several conclusions can be drawn, including: 1) Ulama agree that there is Bid'ah in Islamic teachings, but they are different in Understanding the Nature of Bid'ah; 2) Syafi'iyah scholars generally divide Bid'ah into five laws, there are Mandatory, Makruh, Sunnah (Mandubah), Haram and permissible (permissible); and 3) The cause of the emergence of heretical practices is the factor of ignorance (Jahalah) of the religious teachings themselves, because they follow the lust of lust, and because they want to maintain the traditions, culture and customs of their ancestors.
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Gee, Graham, Paula Giliker und Stephen Watterson. „Book Review: Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution, Epistemology and Methodology of Comparative Law, the Quistclose Trust: Critical Essays“. Common Law World Review 34, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/clwr.34.1.85.60194.
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Presnyakov, Mikhail. „Place of the science of constitutional law in the system of legal knowledge: overcoming the boundaries of formal science“. Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2024, Nr. 3 (27.09.2024): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2024-3-105-112.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the role of modern constitutional law in the system of sectoral legal sciences. The author notes that jurisprudence in general is a formal science, the subject of which are formal systems, which, mainly, it postulates itself - specific branches of law. Until a certain period (the formation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the adoption of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation) state law could also be considered as a sectoral science, the subject of which was mostly the system of state power organisation. However, unlike mathematics (which is also a formal science), jurisprudence possesses regulatory potential and relates to the impact on human behavior. In this way it cannot be encapsulated exclusively in the system of legal constructions outside the «life world». Research methods. A set of methods was used in the work: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, dialectical approach, method of comparative jurisprudence. Results. The author proves that the special role of constitutional law in the modern stage of development is that, on the one hand, through processes of constitutionalisation of other branches of law constitutional law claims to be a general system. In a certain sense, the science of constitutional law is gradually taking the place of theory of law in legal epistemology.
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Fitriyah, Aidatul, und Muhammad Badat Alauddin. „Comparison of Islamic Law and Human Rights; Navigating Consensus of LGBT in Thailand“. Indonesian Journal of Law and Islamic Law (IJLIL) 6, Nr. 1 (13.06.2024): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/ijlil.v6i2.406.
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This research aims to examine the dynamics of law and human rights (HAM) related to the LGBT community in Thailand, with a focus on analysing the concept of Islamic epistemology on the social status impact of the idea of gender division in Thailand, theological and juridical comparison of human rights in accommodating LGBT, as well as challenges and efforts to harmonise Islamic law and human rights towards LGBT groups in Thailand. The methodology used is a qualitative approach involving normative and comparative legal analysis. The researcher collected a literature review of secondary data from relevant sources, including scholarly works, books, and legal documents. The results showed significant contradictions between Thailand's more inclusive concept of gender division and the binary nature of Islamic law. The research also uncovered Islamic theological underpinnings against LGBT and compared them with juridical approaches that protect LGBT human rights. It also explores the reconciliation process between Islamic law and human rights in accommodating LGBT through dialogue and stakeholder cooperation. From this research, it can be concluded that LGBT law and human rights tolerance involve a complexity of legal views, religious values, and human rights principles, reflecting ongoing challenges and debates within society and the legal system.
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Ismail, Moh. „MENEROPONG FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM“. Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 7, Nr. 2 (24.09.2020): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/jkhi.v7i2.20.
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Discussing the philosophy of Islamic law gives its own nuances to our scientific discipline. The study of Islamic legal philosophy does not merely discuss how the ideal basis of a law emerges, but rather leads to how a legal event occurs, the basic principles of establishing a law, and the values of its benefits. This study is intended to analyze the philosophy of Islamic law from a review of ontology, epistemology and axiology. The results of this literature study show that Hasbi's discussion of Islamic legal philosophy was simplified into Tashri 'Philosophy, which discusses Mabadiu al-Ahkam (the basic principles of Islamic law), Ushul al-Ahkam (Juridical basis or the ideal basis of Islamic law), Qawaid al -Ahkam (principles of Islamic law), and others. Furthermore, the discussion forms the Shari'ah philosophy in which it describes Asrar al-Ahkam (secrets of Islamic law), Khasais al-Ahkam (specificities of Islamic law), and Mahasin al-Ahkam (beauties of Islamic law). Meanwhile, Muchlis Usman divides three models of methods used in the development of legal philosophy, namely: Pragmatic, Idealistic, and Comparative. They produce various methods in formulating Islamic law. Muhammad Ma'ruf al-Dawalibi divides the method of ijtihad in Islamic law into three groups. Namely the Bayani, Qiyasi, and Istislahi methods. The benefits of studying Philosophy are three dimensions of advantages, namely: Providing a foundation as well as directing the process of implementing the law based on Islamic teachings, Criticizing and correcting the methods and processes of implementing Islamic law, and evaluating the methods and processes of implementing Islamic law.
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Ismail, Moh. „MENEROPONG FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM“. Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 7, Nr. 2 (24.09.2020): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/jkhi.v7i2.20.
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Discussing the philosophy of Islamic law gives its own nuances to our scientific discipline. The study of Islamic legal philosophy does not merely discuss how the ideal basis of a law emerges, but rather leads to how a legal event occurs, the basic principles of establishing a law, and the values of its benefits. This study is intended to analyze the philosophy of Islamic law from a review of ontology, epistemology and axiology. The results of this literature study show that Hasbi's discussion of Islamic legal philosophy was simplified into Tashri 'Philosophy, which discusses Mabadiu al-Ahkam (the basic principles of Islamic law), Ushul al-Ahkam (Juridical basis or the ideal basis of Islamic law), Qawaid al -Ahkam (principles of Islamic law), and others. Furthermore, the discussion forms the Shari'ah philosophy in which it describes Asrar al-Ahkam (secrets of Islamic law), Khasais al-Ahkam (specificities of Islamic law), and Mahasin al-Ahkam (beauties of Islamic law). Meanwhile, Muchlis Usman divides three models of methods used in the development of legal philosophy, namely: Pragmatic, Idealistic, and Comparative. They produce various methods in formulating Islamic law. Muhammad Ma'ruf al-Dawalibi divides the method of ijtihad in Islamic law into three groups. Namely the Bayani, Qiyasi, and Istislahi methods. The benefits of studying Philosophy are three dimensions of advantages, namely: Providing a foundation as well as directing the process of implementing the law based on Islamic teachings, Criticizing and correcting the methods and processes of implementing Islamic law, and evaluating the methods and processes of implementing Islamic law.
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Samorodov, Vladimir. „Digitalization in the modern culture of law-making: a trend for renewal and a positive trend in legal life“. Current Issues of the State and Law, Nr. 14 (2020): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2020-4-14-165-179.
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The relevance of the study is due to the need for theoretical research of new processes of law and law-making digitization. The particular interest is the analysis of digitalization in the context of modern culture of law-making and the impact of digital technologies on the legal life of society. Theoretical research in this area can create the basis for preventing and overcoming numerous difficulties in practical legal (law-making) activity that may be associated with the introduction of this activity in the format of digital reality. The aim of the work is to study the processes of digitalization in-fluence on the law-making institution (the culture of law-making activity) and to identify positive trends in the legal life of society related to the digital form. The methodological basis of the research is based on classical methods (dialectics, logic, analysis, synthesis, comparative method, etc.). We also draw attention to the need for gradual development and the possibility of applying methodological knowledge of post-non-classical epistemology, information approach, which help to study the qualitative characteristics of the digitization of law, law-making and culture in their nonlinear rapid development and self-development. The results of the study can be attributed to the allocation of positive and some negative aspects of the impact of digitalization on the culture of law-making and the legal life, the analysis of certain legislative provisions aimed at digitalization of the legislative process (on the example of the law of Tambov region), the establishment of the essential properties of the process of modern culture of law-making digitalization and its mainly positive influence on the legal life.
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HUO, Xiaobin. „ORIENTALISM AND YI-XIA DISTINCTION: TRACING THE INTERNAL CAUSE OF THE WESTERNIZATION OF CHINESE LAW“. Asya Araştırmaları Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 6, Nr. 2 (31.12.2022): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.58640/asyar.1144593.
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One important theme of China from later 19th century till now is her westernization, including legal westernization, which is a fast and overwhelmingly process. Legal Orientalism may provide an external perspective to describe a National Pygmalion Effect, the combination of the Orientalization and self-Orientalization, but it is not sufficient to address some internal factors driving the progress of the westernization of Chinese law. Therefore, it’s worthy to investigate Chinese Yi-Xia distinction, a Chinese counterpart epistemology of Orientalism, to provide an internal perceptive to explain the westernization of Chinese law. After a comparative investigation between Orientalism and Yi-Xia distinction, it can be discovered that even though there is a dichotomy under both of the two epistemologies. Yi-Xia distinction emphasizes the Orthopraxy tradition supported by a more conservative feature of “Yi-Xia Major Defense”, while the Orientalism being more expansive and supporting to tame the Orient by implementing the Orientalization. By contrast, the Sinicization under Yi-Xia distinction were more limited due to the doctrine that “Yi-Di shall not be ruled”. The reverse Yi-Xia distinction in Qing dynasty further changed the substance of Yi-Xia distinction and cause the termination of Orthopraxy. The mix of all these external and internal factors jointly promoted the fast and thorough westernization of Chinese law, a nationalism process implemented by westernization.
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Dyson, Matthew. „Epistemology and Methodology of Comparative Law. Edited by Mark van Hoecke [Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2004. x, 398 pp. Hardback £54.00. ISBN 1-84113-443-0.]“. Cambridge Law Journal 66, Nr. 1 (März 2007): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197307000141.
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Savchenko, Viktor, Nataliia Borsuk, Mykhailo Hrabynskyi, Petro Guyvan und Mykola Rudyk. „Factors of Volitional Attributiveness of the Legal Transaction based on International Experience“. Cuestiones Políticas 40, Nr. 75 (29.12.2022): 498–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.30.
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The aim of the study was to determine the most effective model of legal regulation of the form of declaration of will in legal transactions from the survey of the legislation of several countries and their respective jurisprudence. The research covered the methods of statistical analysis, comparative law, dialectics and legal epistemology, as well as data selection and legal modeling. It is shown that the model of legal regulation of the form of declaration of will, which is based on the principle of free choice of the form of declaration of will, is the most effective in terms of these indicators in the case of: (Greece, Poland, Czech Republic). At the same time, these States provide for strict requirements for challenging legal transactions and provide for the prohibition of abuse of rights. It is concluded that it is justified that in the majority of states the principle of valid will is applied when concluding legal transactions. Moreover, the results of this study can be used to develop proposals for the improvement of legislation in the field of regulation of the forms of declaration of will in the conclusion of legal transactions in their various forms and modalities.
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Vinogradova, A. I. „PIECES OF EVIDENCE AND PROVING IN CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PROCEEDINGS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS“. Herald of criminal justice, Nr. 1-2 (2022): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2022.1-2/156-169.
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The article carries out a systematic and comparative analysis of doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concept of evidence and proof in criminal and civil processes, as well as an analysis of the legal norms of the criminal procedural and civil procedural codes, which define the concepts of evidence and proof. The purpose of this publication is a comparative analysis of evidences and proving in criminal and civil processes and the author’s development of the structure and content of evidence in criminal and civil processes based on the analysis of various doctrinal approaches to their understanding in the said processes. The article proves that, in general, the construction of Art. 84 of the current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine and Art. 64 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 1960 are very similar, which gives some scientists grounds to unreasonably believe that the legislator left an information model of evidence based on the theory of reflection in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author analyzes various concepts of evidence and proof in the modern theory of criminal procedural evidence and concludes that the most well-founded and the one that corresponds to both the epistemological and legal nature of court evidence is the concept according to which court evidence, being a category of objective-sub objective, represents the unity of factual data, their procedural sources and procedural form, which can be recognized as evidence itself only when it is recognized as such by the relevant subject of evidence or the court. In a specific criminal proceeding, evidence can be recognized as evidence itself if it meets such properties as propriety and admissibility. On the basis of a comparative analysis of doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concept of proof in the criminal process, the author concludes that, based on epistemology, logic, psychology, the theory of proof activity in the criminal process, the most well-founded concept of proof, which is based on the principles of the domestic criminal process and meets the needs of practice, is the concept, which defines criminal procedural evidence as the process of obtaining evidence and substantiating by it the subject of evidence and the court of its legal position and relevant decisions in criminal proceedings in accordance with its competence. The work reveals the content of obtaining evidence and substantiating its legal position and relevant decisions by the subject of evidence and the court. Analyzing doctrinal approaches to defining the concept and content of evidence and proof in a civil process in a comparative aspect with doctrinal approaches to defining the concept and content of evidence and proof in a criminal process, the author concludes that the terms «proof» and «proof» used in the theory of civil the process by individual scientists as different categories with different meanings are actually synonyms in the Ukrainian language. The author justifies that the fundamental categories of «evidence» and «proof» need unification at the doctrinal level, in the educational process and, accordingly, in the CPC and in the CPC of Ukraine, because from the point of view of epistemology, logic, theory of activity, psychology and law, evidence and proof in criminal and civil processes essentially have the same meaning. At the same time, the difference, in particular, of proof in criminal and civil processes lies in the object, purpose, tasks, means of proof and the legal status of the subjects of proof.
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Sabil, Jabbar, und Juliana Juliana. „ĤadÄ«Å AÄ¥Äd Sebagai Sumber Hukum Islam (Pemikiran Imam al-SarakhsÄ« dan Imam al-GhazÄlÄ«, Pendekatan Epistemologi)“. Media Syari'ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial 19, Nr. 2 (24.10.2017): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jms.v19i2.2024.
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ĤadÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd is one of the sources of Islamic law. But in practice, the scholars set different conditions as seen in the thoughts of Imam al-SarakhsÄ« and Imam al-GhazÄlÄ«. Therefore, this study examines the nature of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd according to both Imams, and their views on the criteria for the use of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd as the source of Islamic law. This research is done by epistemology approach which is part of a study of philosophy science. The technique of completion of research data is done by library research with the method of data analysis, that is a research according to the contents of both Imam. The data analysis is done by the comparative descriptive method that is, to find the relation between thinking with the same thing with equation and difference which is related to Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd as the source of Islamic law. So the author comes to the conclusion of both Imams mentioned that Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd is obliged to be practiced but doesn’t produce knowledge.The opposite side of their opinion is on the terms of practice. Imam al-SarakhsÄ« presupposes the fakih narrator, while Imam al-GhazÄlÄ« doesn’t because according to him the condition of the transmigrants is not realistic and complicates the practice.The analysis of the metaphysical example of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd fi'liyyah about Ä¥adÄ«Å yellow in the morning prayers indicates that in the Ä¥adÄ«Å the metaphysical condition of the jurists doesn’t increase the probability to certainty, and the absence of the fakih narrator doesn’t diminish its worth. Thus, the practice of Ä¥adÄ«Å aÄ¥Äd is sufficient at the level of probability, so the thought of Imam al-SarakhsÄ« and Imam al-GhazÄlÄ« being complementary is not a contradiction.
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Frolova, Elizaveta А. „Levels of Knowledge of Law: Questions of Methodology“. Pravosudie / Justice 5, Nr. 3 (29.09.2023): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/2686-9241.2023.3.33-46.
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Introduction. One of the main issues of fundamental jurisprudence is the problem of the epistemology of law. Law is a complex social phenomenon in terms of content, forms of manifestation, and ideological guidelines (ideals). The phenomenon of law is understood differently; it is understood as: the order of the sovereign, the means of ensuring security, the means of class compromise, the natural rights and freedoms of citizens, the measure of freedom, the measure of labor and consumption, imperative-attributive emotions, the restriction of the external freedom of a person, the self-limitation of the state, the existence of free will, the divine will erected the will of the economically dominant class, the will of the whole people, the protection / delimitation of interests, universal human value, the minimum of morality, the result of the inaction of morality, etc. into law. Each approach to the definition of law is accompanied by a system of logical arguments and reveals one of the sides of this social and normative regulator. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The purpose of this work is to study the levels of knowledge of law as a socio-cultural phenomenon. To achieve this task, the following tasks are solved: an analysis of law as the most important social regulator of human activity; law is revealed as part of a person’s spiritual life; the main theoretical and methodological levels of knowledge of law are analyzed. The following methods were used in the course of the study: analysis and synthesis, hermeneutic, comparative approach. Results. The author came to the conclusion that in the science of law there are several levels of knowledge of law: 1) the encyclopedia of law involves a summary of the branch of legal sciences; it combines (consolidates) a huge array of factual information and expands the amount of knowledge about law, society, and the state; 2) the theory of law (general theory of law, theory of state and law), as inductive knowledge, extracts the general principles of law from the empirical material accumulated by branch sciences, creating a methodology for studying political and legal phenomena; 3) the philosophy of law deductively builds the doctrine of law, focusing on the desired ideal for the thinker (legal, political, social, personal, ethical, religious, etc.), thereby revealing the value nature of the legal phenomenon. Discussion and Conclusion. Philosophy and theory of law are independent sciences and disciplines. The article shows some differences and common features of the theory and philosophy of law. At the same time, the author emphasizes that all thinkers, both philosophers of law and theorists, build their concepts based on the position that law is a universally binding rule of behavior, and not descriptive maxims of science or political declarations.
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Maslakov, Andrei Sergeevich, und Svetlana Borisovna Kondrat'eva. „Thomas Hobbes and the Paradoxes of Early Modern Thinking“. Философская мысль, Nr. 3 (März 2023): 33–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2023.3.39882.
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The object of this work is the philosophy of T. Hobbes in its integrity and unity of its main parts, including logic, the so-called "first philosophy", physics, the doctrine of man, the doctrine of morality, politics and law. The subject is the internal connection of the concept of the Leviathan state with the theory of cognition and ontology in the context of a number of problems of modern epistemology, philosophy and the history of science and the history of philosophy of Modern times. Methodologically, the work is based on a comparative historical approach, hermeneutic analysis of sources, as well as general scientific methods of analogy, generalization, abstraction, systematization, and others. Results of the study: 1) T. Hobbes is not so much an experimental theorist as a popularizer of science, confident that such popularization in itself can both lead a person to the truth and help solve a number of socio-political problems; 2) Hobbes' attitude radically breaks with a number of provisions of both the philosophy of nature and socio-in the political philosophy of Antiquity, translating the aporicity of the latter into paradoxicity and, as a consequence, antinomianism; 3) T. Hobbes discovers the logically abstract world of science as an analytical-synthetic transformation of the everyday world given in sensation, while the first necessarily generates something third - a world that exists by itself, an unknowable world; this makes him to strictly approach the definitions of the boundaries of knowledge — God, soul, morality and law; 4) the concept of Leviathan solves the problem of the mutual transition of the universal and the individual in a very typical way for early Modern times — through the fundamental paradox of the interaction of the abstract scientific world of science and the "objective" world itself opposed to it; this paradox is one of essential features of philosophy and science of early modern times.
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Nigmatov, Komron. „Transnational Corporations as Subjects of Modern International Law and Ensuring Human Rights“. Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 19, Nr. 6 (2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.61205/jzsp.2023.083.
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Current norms of international law do not contain a clear definition of the concept of “transnational corporation as a subject of international law”. As a result, in many cases, transnational corporations (hereinafter referred to as TNCs) and their actions unjustifiably remain outside the framework of international legal responsibility, which primarily negatively affects compliance with international standards in the field of protection of human rights. This article analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional concept of state responsibility in international law, discusses various scientific approaches to determining the status and role of TNCs, justifies the need for TNCs to participate in international legal relations to a limited extent. Also, the purpose of the article is to reveal the main approaches to understanding the legal essence of TNCs. Using a logical-structural approach, the main elements of TNCs as a subject of international law are presented in a single structure, logical connections with the current law enforcement practice in the field of human rights protection and expected results are highlighted. Presenting TNCs as a weakly structured object, an attempt is made to systematically analyze the problem under study, including through content-genetic epistemology. The conducted comparative analysis helped to identify the main similarities and differences between TNCs and states, as well as individuals. Taking into account the synthesis and accumulated experience, intuitively through the theory of dimensionality, the latest ideas have been formed regarding the prerequisites and trends for involving TNCs in the process of observing human rights. Based on the structural analysis, the author’s view is formulated, which allows combining numerous existing points of view into a single conclusion regarding the recognition of TNCs as a subject of international law. From a practical point of view, the use of extensive methodological approaches should become a solid basis for regulating all kinds of views and ideas, encouraging the scientific community to form a unified approach to the problem of international legal personality of TNCs. Based on the results of the study, logical conclusions were drawn about the need for a special international legal framework for TNCs in order to establish obligations for them in the field of human rights protection, to recognition of TNCs as a limited subject of international law, to a thorough study of the parent TNC against the background of their observance of fundamental human rights on the territory of its establishment before allowing the activities of their branches and divisions on the territory of developing states, to develop and comply with an international agreement that provides standards for TNCs.
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Rosler, H. „Mark van Hoecke (ed.), Epistemology and Methodology of Comparative Law, European Academy of Legal Theory Monograph Series, Hart Publishing, Oxford / Portland (Oregon), 2004, ISBN 1-84113-443-0, pp. X + 398.“ Uniform Law Review - Revue de droit uniforme 9, Nr. 4 (01.12.2004): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/9.4.941.
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Popykhach, D. K. „OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE DOCUMENTATION OF CRIMES: TO THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT“. Herald of criminal justice, Nr. 1-2 (2022): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2022.1-2/264-281.
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The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of operational and investigative documentation of crimes by employees of operational units in the interests of criminal justice. The purpose of the article is to analyze the doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concept and content of operational and investigative documentation of crimes and, on this basis, with due regard for its essential features, to formulate the author’s own definition of this concept which would meet the essence of this process and the needs of practice. The article substantiates that for successful operational and investigative documentation of crimes by operatives, it is important that they know the theory of criminal procedural evidence as a methodological basis for operational and investigative documentation, since the theory of criminal procedural evidence reveals such fundamental concepts as evidence, its properties, subject matter of proof, etc. These categories of the theory of criminal procedural evidence orient operatives to the objects of operational and investigative documentation, their features and properties, and give them an idea of what qualities the actual data on the signs of a crime must meet in order to be used as evidence in criminal proceedings. Understanding of the subject matter of proof by operatives enables operatives to understand the amount of information they should receive in the course of operational and investigative documentation. The article covers the following categories: operational search, recording, factual data, operational case, materials of operational search activity, operational search information, operational search support, document of operational search activity, operational search case, operational search cognition, etc. Based on the analysis of the theory of activity, epistemology, systemic and comparative analysis of legal provisions, and doctrinal approaches, the author defines the concept of operational and investigative documentation of crimes. The author concludes that operational and investigative documentation of crimes is the essence of operational and investigative activity and consists in the implementation by authorized officials of law enforcement agencies’ operational units of a set of search and investigative measures established by the Law of Ukraine «On Operational and Investigative Activity» and departmental regulations aimed at learning the circumstances of a crime and reliable reflection (fixation, recording) of the results and procedure of this.
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Alcoff, Linda Martín. „Comparative Epistemology“. Philosophy East and West 69, Nr. 3 (2019): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2019.0066.
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Vazhynskyi, Volodymyr, Mykola Pohoretskyi und Zoriana Toporetska. „RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS PRACTICE BY INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS THE BASIC MEANS OF PREVENTING VIOLATIONS OF PUBLIC INTEREST OF CITIZEN INVESTORS“. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 10, Nr. 1 (05.04.2024): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2024-10-1-20-29.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of "responsible business conduct" from the point of view of public interest. It is noted that responsible corporate governance has its origins in the concept of "corporate social responsibility", which became widespread in the 1970s in the US and the UK as a result of increased public and consumer attention to the overall image of companies. At the international level, many documents have been adopted to regulate corporate social responsibility. However, not enough has been done in Ukraine to introduce this category into economic activity. The purpose of the research is to analyse the legal grounds and theoretical approaches to the formation of the concept of "responsible business conduct" and to present the author's approach to the essence of the concept of "responsible business conduct of institutional investors" from the point of view of the protection of the public interest. According to the purpose of the article, several scientific methods of modern epistemology were used in the scientific research. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of legal cognition developed by prominent experts in the field of investment law. In addition, special research methods were used, in particular: comparative – to compare the rules of international and national law; historical and legal – for retrospective analysis of the concept of social responsibility; special legal – for in-depth analysis of the regulations governing the procedure of investment; systematic approach and logical-legal method – to analyse the impact of some factors on the investment activity of individuals and some elements of the formation of logical and specific theoretical and applied conclusions. In conclusion, the authors define responsible business as a set of generally accepted norms, rules and principles that are voluntarily implemented by companies in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development of society; they are not part of the national legislation of Ukraine, but their observance indicates a certain business reputation of the business entity. For institutional investors, responsible corporate governance includes two main groups of activities of an institutional investor: "responsible attraction" of funds and "responsible investment" of funds of individual investors. The authors proposed to divide the responsible business conduct of an institutional investor to manifest its social responsibility into "responsible attraction" of funds and "responsible investment" of funds.
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Cornille, Catherine. „EPISTEMOLOGY IN COMPARATIVE THEOLOGY“. Perspectiva Teológica 56, Nr. 3 (30.11.2024): 451. https://doi.org/10.20911/21768757v56n3p451/2024.
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Comparative theology involves the systematic theological engagement with the teachings and practices of another religious tradition. This raises numerous epistemological questions, which may focus on the possibility of genuine understanding of other religions, on the status of truth in other religions, on the process of discernment of truth in those religions, and on the changes occurring in the contents of teachings and practices when transposed from one religious tradition into another. Addressing these questions requires engagement with the methods and approaches of religious studies, theology of religions, as well as critical engagement with examples of comparative theology. This article touches upon these questions by focusing on developments within Christian comparative theology. KEYWORDS: Comparative theology. Inclusivism. Empathy. Truth. Discernment. Transformation. Appropriation.
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ملكاوي, أسماء حسين. „عروض مختصرة“. الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) 20, Nr. 77 (01.07.2014): 208–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/citj.v20i77.2571.
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ما الذي يربط دمشق بباريس؟ تحليل مقارن لابن تيمية وغريغوري الريميني، ريتشارد دي. تشيلفان، ترجمة: ريم أحمد وفا، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، ط1، 2014م، 147 صفحة.
مقصد العدل عند ابن تيمية: العدل الديني والدنيوي في النص والواقع، شعيب أحمد لمدى، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2014م، 320 صفحة.
النص والاجتهاد في الفكر الأصولي، من تقديس النقل إلى تسريح العقل، بثينة الجلاصي، القاهرة: دار رؤية للنشر، 2013م، 418 صفحة.
المنهجية الأصولية والمنطق اليوناني من خلال أبي حامد الغزالي وتقي الدين ابن تيمية، حمو النقاري، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للابحاث والنشر، ط2، 2013م، 304 صفحة.
سؤال المعاصرة والشرعية في قراءة النص القرآني، سعيد النكر، تقديم: محمد عمارة، القاهرة: مكتبة دار السلام، 2013م، 248 صفحة.
روح التشريع بين الإسلام والغرب- إضاءة للفكر السياسي في الربيع العربي، عوض صلاح علي القوني، القاهرة: دار السلام للنشر، 2013م، 296 صفحة.
Ibn Taymiyya and his Times (Studies in Islamic Philosophy),Yossef Rapoport (Author), Shahab Ahmed (Author), Oxford: Oxford University Press (May 15, 2010), 400 pages.
Ibn Taymiyya: Muslims under non-Muslim Rule, Yahya Michot, and James Pescatori, Leicester, UK: Interface Publications (2010), 208 pages.
Grand Central Question: Answering the Critical Concerns of the Major Worldviews, Abdu H. Murray, IVP Books (February 21, 2014), 261 pages.
Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective, Michael Cook, Princeton: Princeton University Press (March 23, 2014), 553 pages.
Old Texts, New Practices: Islamic Reform in Modern Morocco, Etty Terem, Stanford: Stanford University Press (April 16, 2014), 249 pages.
What is Islamic Philosophy?,Roy Jackson , New York: Routledge (February 13, 2014), 200 pages.
Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, by Birgit Krawietz (Author), Georges Tamer (Author), Berlin: de Gruyter (December 15, 2012), 536 pages.
Shaping a Qur'anic Worldview: Scriptural Hermeneutics and the Rhetoric of Moral Reform in the Caliphate of al-Ma'mun (Routledge Studies in the Qur'an), by Vanessa De Gifis, New York: Routledge (April 16, 2014), 142 pages.
Reading the Qur'an in the Twenty-First Century: A Contextualist Approach, Abdullah Saeed, New York: Routledge (November 17, 2013), 208 pages.
Epistemology, Context, and Formalism, Franck Lihoreau,Manuel Rebuschi, New York: Springer, (January 29, 2014), 250 pages.
للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF في اعلى يمين الصفحة.
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Zubcic, Marko-Luka. „Comparative standard in institutional epistemology“. Filozofija i drustvo 30, Nr. 3 (2019): 418–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1903418z.
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Which epistemic value is the standard according to which we ought to compare, assess and design institutional arrangements in terms of their epistemic properties? Two main options are agent development (in terms of individual epistemic virtues or capabilities) and attainment of truth. The options are presented through two authoritative contemporary accounts-agent development by Robert Talisse?s understanding in Democracy and Moral Conflict (2009) and attainment of truth by David Estlund?s treatment, most prominently in Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework (2008). Both options are shown to be unsatisfactory because they are subject to problematic risk of suboptimal epistemic state lock-in. The ability of the social epistemic system to revise suboptimal epistemic states is argued to be the best option for a comparative standard in institutional epistemology.
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Walker, Stephen F. „Specious comparisons versus comparative epistemology“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13, Nr. 2 (Juni 1990): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00079371.
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Preston, Christopher J. „Restoring Misplaced Epistemology“. Ethics, Place & Environment 8, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2005): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668790500348398.
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Waddams, Stephen, und Geoffrey Samuel. „Epistemology and Method in Law“. University of Toronto Law Journal 53, Nr. 4 (2003): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3650896.
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Silliman, Matt. „Law, Politics, and Tushnet’s Epistemology“. Social Philosophy Today 12 (1996): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday19961210.
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Widarbo, Koes, und Kusmiarto Kusmiarto. „Transformasi Kadaster di Indonesia: Kepastian Hukum dalam Sejarah dan Tantangan Pendaftaran Tanah“. Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology 1, Nr. 1 (06.09.2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/kadaster.v1i1.8.
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ABSTRACT The history of the cadastre in Indonesia encompasses the periods of Dutch East Indies colonial rule, Japanese occupation, and the post-independence era. The enactment of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), particularly Article 19, which defines the scope of cadastre, has brought about significant changes. Nonetheless, the core issue remains the ineffectiveness of cadastre mapping in providing legal certainty, even serving as a recurring source of land-related problems, including during the periods of Presidential Regulations (PP) 10/1961, PP 24/1997, and PTSL. This research aims to comprehend the concept and historical mission of cadastre in each village or sub-district periodically and to assess its impact on land-related cases. The research employs normative legal methods and qualitative approaches. Conceptual, historical, comparative, and case study approaches are employed to gain a deeper understanding. Moreover, philosophical approaches (fundamental, comprehensive, and speculative) and ontological, epistemological, and axiological aspects are also considered for further research. The findings unveil the complexity and dynamics involved in land registration and cadastre management in Indonesia. Changes in regulations, ontological, and epistemological approaches, along with efforts to establish comprehensive registration maps, constitute vital components in maintaining effective legal certainty and land management. Keywords: cadastral history, Legal certainty, Land-related issues, Cadastral mapping, Land registration reform. INTISARI Sejarah kadaster di Indonesia meliputi era Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda, penjajahan Jepang, hingga era kemerdekaan. Berlakunya Undang-Undang nomor 5 tahun 1960 tentang UUPA, terutama Pasal 19 yang mengatur ruang lingkup kadaster, mengubah dinamika. Meski demikian, permasalahan inti adalah perpetaan kadaster yang kurang efektif dalam memberikan kepastian hukum, bahkan menjadi sumber berulangnya masalah pertanahan, termasuk di era PP 10/1961, PP 24/1997, dan PTSL. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami konsep dan sejarah misi kadaster di setiap desa atau kelurahan secara periodik, serta membandingkan dampaknya pada kasus pertanahan. Metode hukum normatif dan pendekatan kualitatif digunakan. Pendekatan konseptual, sejarah, perbandingan, dan studi kasus diterapkan. Pendekatan filsafat (mendasar, menyeluruh, spekulatif) dan aspek ontologis, epistemologis, serta aksiologis juga dipertimbangkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Hasilnya mengungkapkan kompleksitas dan dinamika dalam penyelenggaraan pendaftaran tanah dan kadaster di Indonesia. Perubahan aturan, pendekatan ontologis dan epistemologis, serta upaya mewujudkan peta pendaftaran lengkap menjadi komponen penting dalam menjaga kepastian hukum dan pengelolaan pertanahan yang efektif. Kata Kunci: Sejarah kadaster, Kepastian hukum, Masalah terkait tanah, Pemetaan kadaster, Reformasi pendaftaran tanah
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Goodman, Jeremy, und Bernhard Salow. „Epistemology Normalized“. Philosophical Review 132, Nr. 1 (01.01.2023): 89–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-10123787.
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We offer a general framework for theorizing about the structure of knowledge and belief in terms of the comparative normality of situations compatible with one’s evidence. The guiding idea is that, if a possibility is sufficiently less normal than one’s actual situation, then one can know that that possibility does not obtain. This explains how people can have inductive knowledge that goes beyond what is strictly entailed by their evidence. We motivate the framework by showing how it illuminates knowledge about the future, knowledge of lawful regularities, knowledge about parameters measured using imperfect instruments, the connection between knowledge, belief, and probability, and the dynamics of knowledge and belief in response to new evidence.
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Zwart, Hub. „Comparative Epistemology: Contours of a Research Program“. Acta Biotheoretica 53, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10441-005-5351-8.
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Buchanan, Allen. „SOCIAL MORAL EPISTEMOLOGY“. Social Philosophy and Policy 19, Nr. 2 (Juli 2002): 126–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052502192065.
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The distinctive aim of applied ethics is to provide guidance as to how we ought to act, as individuals and as shapers of social policies. In this essay, I argue that applied ethics as currently practiced is inadequate and ought to be transformed to incorporate what I shall call social moral epistemology. This is a branch of social epistemology, the study of the social practices and institutions that promote (or impede) the formation, preservation, and transmission of true beliefs. For example, social epistemologists critically evaluate the comparative advantages of adversarial versus inquisitorial criminal proceedings as mechanisms for the discovery of truth.
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Fee, Margery. „White Civility and Aboriginal Law/Epistemology“. International Journal of Canadian Studies, Nr. 38 (2008): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/040813ar.
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Machan, T. R. „Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Natural Law Theory“. American Journal of Jurisprudence 31, Nr. 1 (01.01.1986): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajj/31.1.65.
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CONRY, EDWARD J., und CARYN L. BECK-DUDLEY. „META-JURISPRUDENCE: THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF LAW“. American Business Law Journal 33, Nr. 3 (März 1996): 373–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.1996.tb00895.x.
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Huda, Miftahul. „Epistemologi Tasawuf dalam Pemikiran Fiqh Al-Sya‘Rânî“. Ulumuna 14, Nr. 2 (05.11.2017): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v14i2.217.
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In the study of Islamic law, epistemology constitutes a fundamental aspect of the law upon which the legitimate concept of the law is based. Epistemology becomes the root of debates regarding the truth of legal reasoning among Muslims who often made a truth clam about their own superior episteme. This causes discrepancies amongst them. This dispute was what al-Sya‘rânî found in his time. As a famous jurist, he sought to resolve it and offered a new theory of law. He contends that the arguments underlying the debates about the epistemology of Islamic law flawed. He wants to demonstrate that the arguments do not fit into the tradition of Islamic thought. This study examines al-Sya‘rânî’s thought in the epistemology of Islamic law. It discusses four issues: the valid path to the knowledge about shari’a, kashf as a source of knowledge, the path to the kashf, and the position and relation of reason, tradition and intuition in Islamic law.
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Lewin, Kurt. „Law and Experiment in Psychology“. Science in Context 5, Nr. 2 (1992): 385–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001241.
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The Copernican revolution with which Kant transformed the question of whether knowledge is possible into the query as to how knowledge is possible, constitutes one stage in the development of epistemology from a speculative to an observational science — i.e., one that proceeds from the investigation of concrete, existent objects rather than from a small number of presupposed concepts. This path, leading from speculation to examination of the concrete objects of research — for epistemology, to the investigation of the various individual sciences — is long and arduous, and even now it has been traversed only a small part of the way. Although epistemological research has for a long time had some relation to mathematics and physics, and a more concrete exploration of biology and the humanities has recently been launched as well, we undoubtedly still stand at the very beginning of this enterprise. One major task for the epistemological inquiry into a specific discipline is bound up with tracing the course of development of that science — in particular, the radical shifts and readjustments in a science that promise to furnish the epistemologist with valuable information. Seen from this angle, psychology also currently deserves the special attention of epistemology.
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Munawar, Sarah. „Comparative care ethics, feminist epistemology, and the Mahabharata“. International Journal of Care and Caring 3, Nr. 4 (01.11.2019): 611–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239788219x15688540751678.
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S, Katyayani. „An Epistemology of Swami Vivekananda: A Comparative Approach“. Philosophy International Journal 6, Nr. 2 (14.04.2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phij-16000293.
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Indian philosophy being profoundly rich from socio-political, economical, and spiritual perspective has a lot to offer. A lot many philosophies of different Indian thinkers have been probed into for the purpose of character and national building such as that of Kautilya, Gandhi, Nehru, M.N. Roy and likewise. However, there exists a plethora of thinkers whose philosophies have been not studied systematically or have been overlooked. It is owing to this research gap, that the paper is prepared with special attention to the teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda who altogether gives a different perspective about life and its intricacies. This paper tends to explore the various socio-political concepts expounded by Swami Vivekananda which are relevant event today and if taken and deliberated upon seriously have the potential to resolve a lot many crises that are being faced by the Indian society. This is a qualitative study, examining the political philosophy of Swami Vivekananda through his works. The paper analyses the relevance of the philosophy in the then era as well as in the contemporary era with reference to western ideas and philosophy. A comparative approach is adopted in the paper to comprehend the differences as well as the similarities between the philosophy of western thinkers with that of Swami Vivekananda.
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Absori, Absori, und Sigit Sapto Nugroho. „The Transcendental Paradigm Of The Development Of Legal Law“. Journal of Transcendental Law 1, Nr. 1 (20.09.2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v1i1.8786.
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Purpose of the study: This article aims to formulate (1) epistemology jurisprudence has the positivistic level, (2) jurisprudence epistemology has transcendental paradigm, and (3) epistemology of the development of prophetic jurisprudence. Methodology: This research uses library research by conducting research and data analysis and then they use it using knowledge, especially jurisprudence with transcendental values. Main Findings: The base of epistemological positivistic jurisprudence that is objective, empirical and rational which are supported by systematic, procedural and formal models result in its development has lost essential elements, namely spiritual values, so that modern society has a crisis in defining the meaning of life in the world. Applications of this study: The base of transcendental legal science understands people and their life in an intact form (holistic), not merely material nature but also their souls. The development of the prophetic law is intended as a guidance for human life to achieve happiness in the world and in the hereafter, because the prophetic law can not be fragmented between the physical body (formal) and transcendental values. Novelty/Originality of this study: The paradigm of the transcendental epistemology of legal science emphasizes in the integration approaches between sciences and values in various views