Dissertationen zum Thema „Environnements sédimentaire“
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Chapalain, Georges. „Étude hydrodynamique et sédimentaire des environnements littoraux dominés par la houle“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOssa, Ossa Frantz-Gérard. „Etude multi-approches du bassin sédimentaire paléoprotérozoïque (2. 1-2. 4 Ga) de Franceville au Gabon : les environnements sédimentaires et l'impact des paléocirculations de fluides“. Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrancevillien Basin, located in south-eastern Gabon, consists of a column of five lithostratigraphic formations, starting from FA to FE. He is known around the world through these natural fission reactors (Oklo and Bangombé) and to its rich mineral resources in the FA and FB (Uranium and Manganese). The classically described successive lithofacies in FA reflect the evolution of fluvial environment to a tide-influenced delta environment. Marine environment, ranging from shoreface to upper offshore, characterizes the FB. New geochemical data show, oxygenation of the water column up to the upper offshore, large amounts of dissolved organic matter in Proterozoic seawater. These chemical conditions in the depositional environments are closely linked with the state of oxygenation of the atmosphere, will have major consequences in the history of this basin: the emergence of biomass, large colonial organisms; diversification of phyllosilicates (chemical weathering). The mineralogy of the clay fraction (< 2μm) in the FA formation shows a dominant illitic phase whose crystallinity increases towards the base of the series. It is characterized by the appearance of minerals interlayered illite/smectite regular (type R1) at the FA / FB transition, and irregular (type R0) at the top of the series. This trend highlights the different parageneses in the FA and FB formations, despite a low thickness variation and a general rate relatively low landfill. These parageneses indicate a higher intensity of diagenesis in the coarse facies with low organic matter (typical training FA) than for fine facies rich in organic matter (formation characteristic FB). All the results can be interpreted in terms of changes in a same diagenetic process controlled by the facies and the nature of pore fluids. This reinforces the hypothesis of a relatively low geothermal gradient compared to what has been commonly described in other basins of similar age. The presence of monazite overgrowths, late iron-rich chlorites associated with berthierine was used to estimate the temperatures of crystallization around 300° C in the upper FA. These results confirm the late circulation of hot fluids
Cula, Patrick. „Les grès de la série inférieure du trias ardéchois : essai de dynamique sédimentaire, environnements fluviatiles à sursalés“. Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarcel, Damien. „Caractérisation des environnements de dépôt dominés par les tempêtes : exemple du Jurassique supérieur de La Rochelle et du Boulonnais“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Late Jurassic was a period with paleogeography and global climatic conditions that favor the development of sedimentary systems dominated by storms. The purpose of this study is to better understand the controlling factors on the dynamic of these systems. Three sections are chosen. The Pas (Oxfordian – Kimmeridgian transition) and the Rocher d'Yves (Late Kimmeridgian) sections, near La Rochelle (Western France), correspond to a muddy, mixed carbonated – siliciclastic platform. The Cap de la Crèche section (Late Kimmeridgian – Early Tithonian) corresponds to a mixed carbonated – siliciclastic ramp, dominated by coarse material. Sedimentary, palynofacies, and calcareous nannofossil analyses are performed. For each section, a detailed facies model is proposed, allowing precise sequence- and cyclostratigraphic interpretations. The sequence and cyclostratigraphic frameworks allow the calculation of the storm frequency. Comparison between host facies and storm deposits allows the estimation of storm intensity. The similarities and differences between these two systems are discussed, for the sedimentary dynamic, and the record and preservation of the storm deposits. Finally, the relation between storm frequency and intensity and climate is discussed. La Rochelle and Boulonnais sedimentary facies have a similar spatial organization. Carbonate production of these systems presents similarities and differences. The carbonate production seems able to react very quickly to relative sea-level variations, increasing when sea-level is high. The two systems also have a similar evolution in time. The storm deposits of the two sites show similar morphologies, related to the conditions of deposition and preservation. It was possible to link the variations of storm intensity and frequency with the climate changes. The variations of storm intensity evolve in parallel of the variations of storm frequency, the highest values of intensity corresponding to the highest values of frequency. Moreover, this increase in frequency and intensity is consistent with increasing temperature, suggesting a link between the increasing storm activity and the climate warming
Olivier, Marie. „Environnements mixtes fluviatiles et éoliens : facteurs de contrôle et de préservation des dépôts éoliens en domaines endoréique et côtier : exemples du Permien du Sud de la Mer du Nord et du Sud-Est de l’Utah (USA)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePermian is the last period of the Paleozoic era and is marked by the final buildup of Pangea, implying a continentalization of large areas, to an extent that had no equivalent in geological times. This increase in continentality, together with the Early Permian deglaciation, lead to an aridification that is traduced by the sedimentation of aeolian deposits. Due to the particularly good preservation of these deposits, Permian series offer the unique opportunity to study continental (aeolian and fluvial) sedimentation in both endoreic and exoreic contexts. This work aims to better constrain the allocyclic and autocyclic processes controlling the preservation of aeolian deposits within mixed aeolian - fluvial sedimentary series, in two Permian basins: (1) the Paradox Basin in south-east Utah, USA; and (2) the Upper Rotliegend II series in the offshore domain of Netherlands, which is part of the Permian basins of the North Sea. These two basins recorded the sedimentation of mixed aeolian and fluvial series, respectively in an exoreic context for the Paradox Basin, and in an endoreic context for the Upper Rotliegend II series. Field-based sedimentological analyses of several sections of the Early Permian series from the Paradox Basin (SE Utah, USA) allowed (1) to demonstrate the occurrence, through the entire sedimentary succession, of marine deposits previously underestimated and attributed to aeolian dunes in the recent literature; (2) to perform high-resolution correlation used to propose a stratigraphic scheme showing the evolution of the paleoenvironments through time and space; and (3) to demonstrate the control of eustatic and climatic processes (development of paleosols, variations of fluvial sedimentary flux) on coastal aeolian dunes preservation. Subsurface data analyses (sedimentary core analyses and well-logging) of the Upper Rotliegend II series (North Sea), allowed (1) from detailed core descriptions, to demonstrate that aeolian dune deposits had been overestimated in the study area; (2) to perform high resolution well-log correlations and propose a stratigraphic scheme; (3) to define genetic unit sets, major and minor stratigraphic cycles controlled by variations of climate and sediment supplies within the basin and the source areas; and (4) to demonstrate the influence of fluvial flux on reworking and preservation of aeolian deposits, which was, until now, underestimated
Ngueutchoua, Gabriel. „Etude des faciès et environnements sédimentaires du quaternaire supérieur du Plateau continental Camerounais“. Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVaucher, Romain. „Caractérisation des environnements sédimentaires hybrides (houle-marée) dans des systèmes anciens et actuels“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecognition of hybrid sedimentary systems (wave-tide) in the sedimentary record is not trivial when one of the processes (here, the tide) does not leave direct sedimentary traces allowing its identification. The Lower Ordovician sedimentary succession (Fezouata and Zini formations) of the Zagora region (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) records a dominance of wave action. However, many sedimentary structures and depositional geometries are atypical of a wave dominated sedimentary system. The explanation proposed in this work is a modulation of the wave action by tides, which is expressed in different manners depending to the bathymetry. A model of deposition is then proposed for this hybrid sedimentary system. The Fezouata not only have a sedimentological interest but also a great paleontological interest due to the presence of exceptionally well-preserved fossils dating from the initial steps of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. The development of the model deposition allowed to constrain the sedimentary facies associated with the fossils discovered, thus allowing to provide a paleoenvironmental life context for these primitive communities. In order to better characterize the different sedimentary structures and their distribution through the intertidal zone of hybrid environments, two analogues, one mega- and the other macro-tidal, both dominated by wave action were chosen: Berck-Plage (Pas-de-Calais; France) and the tip of Cap-Ferret (Gironde; France). The analysis of the intertidal zone of Berck-Plage has shown that the majority of the sedimentary structures are formed under oscillatory flows and that the coastal geomorphology (in ridges-and-runnels), inducing refraction of the incident wave fronts, plays a major role in the distribution and formation of the sedimentary structures. Peculiar dome-like morphologies were observed at Berck-Plage but the grain size homogeneity in this area did not allow the observation of their internal structures. Similar morphologies have been studied at the tip of Cap-Ferret. This last study highlights that the formation of dome-like bedforms is the result of supercritical flows initiated by the backwash of waves previously refracted by the non linear coastal geomorphology
Andrieux-Loyer, Françoise. „Les formes de phosphore particulaire et sédimentaire en environnement côtier : méthodes d'analyse, biodisponibilité, échange“. Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChapron, Emmanuel. „Contrôles climatique et sismo-tectonique de la sédimentation lacustre dans l'Avant Pays Alpin (Lac du Bourget) durant le quaternaire récent“. Phd thesis, Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-285.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCazes-Duvat, Virginie. „Les littoraux des îles Seychelles (Mahé, Praslin, La Digue, Desroches) : de l'étude des processus dynamiques à la gestion des côtes sédimentaires“. La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_10_Cazes-Duvat.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis is a study of the coastal dynamics of four islands of the Seychelles archipelago, both mountainous (Mahe, Praslin, La Digue, granitic group) and coralline (Desroches, amirantes group). The aim of the first part of this work is to improve the understanding of the coastal processes including the impact of man. History of coasts and management are often referred to because they help understanding the present situation. On another hand, this study is practical; it was made at the scale of coastal sites so as to propose management tools. The cultural and political facts are taken into account at national and supranational levels. A method of beach rating and an assessment of the sensibility of coastal sites are proposed in order to contribute to the policy of sustainable development of the republic of Seychelles. They must be used for preventive and integrated coastal management and they can be applied to the coasts of other tropical islands
Soldatenko, Yevheniia. „Évolution des environnements sédimentaires du bassin de Podolya (Ukraine) à l'avènement des premiers métazoaires édiacariens“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2269/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOn the East European Platform (EEP), Neoproterozoic siliciclastic sediments have revealed a typical animal fauna of Ediacaran in the Podolya basin. The geological data are typical of marine tidal domain and suggest that this fauna lived under a water depth that did not exceed the euphotic zone. After this period, the basin, located on the edge of the Ukrainian Shield, has remained safe from tectonic events and its subsidence was low, which explain that these deposits are unmetamorphosed and unaffected by processes of burial diagenesis. These conditions allowed both the preservation of animal fossils and argillaceous minerals. Thus, four levels rich in IS mixed-layers could be identified as bentonites, altered pyroclastic products. Zircons of the youngest bentonite, which caps the fossiliferous levels, have been dated (238U/206Pb ratio) to 556±1 Ma, so Podolya's ediacaran macrobiota is of older age. Moreover, the variations of the kaolinite content in sedimentary pile indicates the neighboring mainland of the Baltica micro-continent (current EEP), source of the detritism, has been subjected to temperate-warm-temperate climate cycle. According to the paleomagnetic data, this shows that Baltica migrated from high to low latitudes and followed a retrograde motion. The kaolinite-poor fossil stratas can be correlated with high latitude position of Baltica, close to the northern border of Rodinia and of Avalon micro-continent. Our results make it possible to better situate the Ediacarian fossils of Ukraine in relation to the global biochronostratigraphic scale, but also to better understand the spatial and temporal relationships of Podolya’s ediacaran biota compared to other faunas located in the vicinity of Baltica at this time. The new data and primitive morphologies of Podolya's fossils – usually compared to the only fossils of White Sea (Russia) might explain why Ediacaran biota from Podolya Basin has more phylogenic resemblance to some Avalon’s macrofossils
Boussafir, Mohammed. „La matière organique sédimentaire marqueurs d'environnement. Des roches mères pétroligènes aux sédiments organiques actuels“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356954.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRey, Sylvain. „Environnements sédimentaires et propriétés géotechniques de sédiments marins profonds de deux zones du Pacifique Tropical Nord-Est“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10415.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMrani, Alaoui Méha. „Evolution des environnements sédimentaires holocènes de la plaine maritime flamande du nord de la France : eustatisme et processus“. Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEight mechanical boreholes carried out in the extreme western (French) part of the Flemish coastal plain were variously analysed together with descriptions from 1000 cores obtained between 1974 and 2005 with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the Holocene deposits, processes and sea-level history. The analysis of the mechanical boreholes has essentially involved determination of bedding, grain-size changes and foraminiferal assemblages. Additional analyses of quartz grain surface features under the scanning electron microscope and of the geochemistry of these deposits were also carried out. A total of 56 radiocarbon ages were obtained from various sites and depths throughout the study area. The global stratigraphy of the deposits consists of four units overlying the Pleistocene substratum. Unit 1 above the Pleistocene substratum corresponds to a widespread basal freshwater peat. Unit 2 comprises interbeds of peat and organic horizons with clayey tidal flat sediments and is capped by a relatively thick intermediate (to surface) peat that represents the widespread development of freshwater marshes. Unit 3 corresponds to a new phase of tidal flat sedimentation consisting of silt and/or clay overlying the surface peat. This unit represents the end phase of tidal plain infill which also comprises sandy or finer-grained tidal channel fill deposits. Unit 4 corresponds to dune, beach, and shoreface deposits marking the development of barrier formations that finally closed off the tidal plain from the sea. Phases of development of this unit, a full subject in its own right, are not considered in this thesis. The radiocarbon ages obtained from the peat beds in this part of the coastal plain have enabled the construction of a sea-level curve covering much of the Holocene from about 8000 cal BP. The sea-level history established from these ages and from more detailed studies in the Belgian part of the plain clearly show that the older interpretation of these deposits in terms of late Holocene transgressions and regressions is not valid and should be completely discarded. The sedimentary environments show strong spatio-temporal variability hinged on several parameters. These include the rate of sea-level rise relative to sediment supply (accommodation space), the morphology of the Pleistocene substratum, the proximity of fluvial and tidal channels, and of the sea. Among these parameters, the only one of regional extent is sea-level rise. Sedimentation has undoubtelly involved constant adjustements between accommodation space created by sea-level rise, sediment supply which infilled this space and the behaviour of tides, notably variations in tidal range and asymmetry and their influence on tidal channel morphology and hydrodynamics, and sediment compaction. The behaviour of intercalated beds, notably peat beds, had a strongly local character, thus imprinting marked spatio-temporal stratigraphic diversity. At the base, infill of irregularities in the Pleistocene surface is discontinuous over time. The proximity of the sea (base level) created conditions of impeded terrestrial drainage favourable to the widespread development of freshwater marshes and subsequent peat. The sandy/silty sedimentation that followed occurred under tidally dominated conditions associated with sea-level rise. The marked slow down in sea-level towards 5500 cal BP, especially well documented by the Belgian studies, enabled anew phase of (surface) peat development. At this stage, as a result of the very slow rate of sea-level, control of tidal flat sedimentation was relinquished to other parameters, notably morphodynamic, dominated essentially by changes in tides and tidal channel activity and by compaction of deposits, especially peat
Ouchaou, Rachid. „Evolution morphosédimentaire de la plaine maritime flamande depuis l'Antiquité : apport des prospections géoradar à la géoarchéologie“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGround-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical prospecting tool used to image the finest discontinuities of the underground where the soil is not too conductive. GPR equipment was acquired in 2020 by the Oceanology and Geosciences Laboratory (LOG), which gave rise to bachelor's and master's internships supervised as part of this thesis, as well as academic and industrial collaborations. The first part of the results presented in this memoir is a summary of the surveys carried out on a variety of targets to test the method. GPR gives excellent results on wind-blown sands, and makes it possible to reconstruct the evolution of the coastal dunes affected by climate change. Examples of very-high resolution architectures are provided on the Slack and Pilat dunes. The combined use of different GPR antennas allows describing the mechanisms of sand erosion and deposition, from the scale of seasonal events to that of dune construction on a millennial scale. The backshore area is also explored. The Flemish coastal plain contains sandbodies of kilometer extension, partly buried under the silt of the polders, and which are strategic both for water resources and for the diversity of natural environments. One of the best known is the Ghyvelde fossil dune, an area managed by the Coastal Conservatory. The GPR profiles carried out on the Ghyvelde dune make it possible to image a few meters below the dune a sandy unit of marine or estuarine origin. The polders themselves constitute a target, against all expectations given the clayey and conductive component of these lands. By previously stripping the topsoil, the GPR signal penetrates sufficiently (4m) to image the last channels that drained the plain before it dried up. Finally, two examples show the potential of GPR in geological studies of deeper sedimentary or rocky layers. In the Brussels sands of the Leuven region (Belgium), a penetration depth of more than 30 meters was obtained with a low frequency antenna, making it possible to reconstruct the geometry of tidal sand bar cropping in a sand pit and thereby to guide the sand mining. In the faluns of Anjou, on the heritage and tourist geosite of Perrières, the profiles obtained show the possibility of perfectly imaging the architecture of the rock layers exposed in the subterraneous quarries. Profiles realized on the roads show the feasability of potential extensive mapping by installing the tool on a vehicle. The results obtained on these targets opened up possibilities for developing other areas of research in applied geosciences, particularly with regard to georesources, geoheritage, geohazards and geoenvironment. The memoir presents these different aspects through an article manuscript submitted for publication in a co-edited book produced for decision makers. The second part of the thesis results presented in this memoir is focused on the work done in collaboration with INRAP (the National Institute of Research in Preventive Archaeology) on the Flemish coastal plain. It justifies the title of the dissertation, and is the subject of a manuscript submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal (The Depositional Record). This concerns the evolution since the Middle Age of the eastern bank of the paleo-Denna, a banch of the paleo-delta of the Aa river that had its mouth between Gravelines and Dunkirk. About 30km of GPR profiles acquired as part of the archaeological diagnosis prior to the extension of the Grand Maritime Port of Dunkirk were used to map the last estuarine channels and their evolution during land reclamation. They show progressive shift of the front dikes towards the west which resulted in replacement of the channel system by a continuous layer sandier than the underlying estuarine sediments. This ultimate deposit forms the substrate of the modern agricultural soil of the coastal plain
Delile, Hugo. „Signatures des paléo-pollutions et des paléo-environnements dans les archives sédimentaires des ports antiques de Rome et d’Éphèse“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRome and Ephesus are two iconic harbor cities of the ancient Mediterranean; the first was the center of the Roman Empire and the second became the Roman capital of Asia Minor at the end of the 1st c. BC. The economic and commercial influence of these two ports in the Mediterranean depended heavily on their harbor systems. The aim of this study is to discern the economic development of Rome and Ephesus from the geochemical signals of the pollution they were exposed to. To this end, we drilled cores through the sedimentary archives of the two ancient harbors and measured major and trace element concentrations and Pb isotope compositions. Both harbors were subject to delta progradation, Rome by the Tiber and Ephesus by the Caÿster, which changed the aquatic environments from being initially open and well oxygenated to becoming closed and anoxic. The harbor basins finally shut down for shipping when an epilimnic system came into place due to too shallow a depth of the water column. Although changing environmental conditions and multiple dredgings appear to have altered some parts of the geochemical record, the pollution levels of lead quite accurately reflect the state of the economic health of Rome and Ephesus, which evolved the most during periods of prosperity and disorder. Pb isotope data, converted into geological parameters (Tmod, μ and к), further allowed deducing the provenance of the geological sources of lead ores at the origin of the pollution. Based on these results, it appears that lead ore supplies during the Roman period were of local origins, reflecting how Rome and Ephesus dominated the surrounding economic areas with which they were in contact. However, while the beginning of the Middle Ages is accompanied by a decline of Rome, Ephesus regains its past prosperity with the importation of Hercynian lead from western Europe. It was produced massively as a result of the medieval economic revolution that Europe experienced from the 10th century onward
Strechie-Sliwinski, Claudia. „Enregistrement sédimentaire des changements environnementaux récents dans la zone Nord-Ouest de la Mer Noire“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study is to investigate the processes and the recent environmental changes stored in the sediments from the North-Western part of the Black Sea in the last 30,000 years. We used sedimentary cores extracted from water depths ranging from 55 to 2100 m. In order to obtain information about the depositional environment and the chronology of the events, we used different methods: clay mineralogy analysis, sedimentology, environmental magnetism, organic matter characteristics and AMS radiocarbon chronology. Radiocarbon dating of the organic matter and fossil shells was used to obtain a precise chronology of the past events. It was difficult to correct the 14C data, because of the differences between the ages of organic matter and shells that varied significantly from one sample to another. This difficulty comes from the fact that the Black Sea basin contained in some periods oxygenated fresh water and in some periods stratified salty water. The correlation between the 14C data and the carbonate content allowed us to set up a chronology of the sediments. The clay mineralogy pointed out that the sediments containing smectite were carried into the basin mainly from the North and not from the South of the drainage basin, as previous studies indicated. The environmental magnetism study helped us to determine the significant variations in the oxygenation of the sediment and of the water column (i. E. , changes between oxygenated and anoxic conditions). The magnetism study together with the organic matter characteristics also indicates changes in the salinity of the water. Our study reveals the environmental changes that have occurred during the last 30,000 years
Sao, Ousmane. „Environnement sédimentaire des sites pré-acheuléens et acheuléens de la région du Gueld er Richât (Adrar de Mauritanie) : étude sédimentologique et géochronologique“. Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAsghari, Afshin. „Environnement sédimentaire, stratigraphie séquentielle et paléogéographie du Paléozoique de succession pré-Khuff dans le sud de l'Iran (Zagros et le Golfe Persique)“. Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the Precambrian and trough the Palaeozoic, the Zagros area was part of the Arabian platform (Beydon, 1993). The Palaeozoic succession of the Zagros extends from Cambrian to well-developed Permian deposits. The study area ranges from the Lurestan to Southern Fars onshore and to the Persian Gulf offshore wells. From Ordovician to Early Permian Palaeozoic succession of the Zagros area comprises four second-order tectonostratigraphic depositional cycles separated by major unconformities. Eustatic sea-level variation is the main controlling factor for accommodation space changes, whereas in West High Zagros and Kuh e Gahkum, the role of regional and salt tectonic activities may be also important. The first cycle (Ordovician) is composed of the Seyahou (Floian-Katian) and Dargaz (Hirnantian) Formations. They are characterized by deep- to shallow-water (offshore to shoreface) siliciclastic deposits. The Seyahou Formation contains seven 3rd-order depositional sequences. The glaciogenic Dargaz Formation consists of one 3rd- order sequence. The second cycle (Early Silurian) corresponds to the Sarchahan Formation is composed of two 3rd-order depositional sequences. They are characterized by deep-marine offshore to upper offshore environments. Locally in Kuh e Gahkum the base of the Formation presented continental fan delta deposits due to the salt tectonic activity.The third cycle (Devonian) corresponds to the Zakeen Formation and divided in three 3rd-order depositional sequences. It started with the deposition of continental to near-shore marine clastic deposits. In Late Devonian, it evolved to carbonate marine deposits in the south of Fars area and the Persian Gulf. The lack of Zakeen Formation in Kuh e Surmeh and Kuh e Siah, and is presence in neighboring areas (Naura, Aghar, etc…), suggests structural salt plug activities (Jahani, 2008). This megasequence is capped by a major unconformity related to the Hercynian orogeny.The last deepening-upward cycle of the Pre-khuff succession in the study area is the Early Permian Faraghan Formation. It capped the Hercynian orogeny and deposited throughout the Zagros area from Lurestan (west) to Bandar Abbas (East) areas as well as in Persian Gulf. The Faraghan Formation divided into three 3rd-order depositional sequences and deposited in coastal plain to shallow-marin near-shore environment. Basinward, in the deeper part (e.g. Kuh e Faraghan), they are replaced by marine upper offshore deposits. The Palaeozoic succession is marked by several major unconformities associated with hiatus. They resulted from: (i) major sea level drops at the end of the Ordovician related to the Hirnantian glaciation (Ghavidel Syooki et al., 2011) and of during the Carboniferous related to the southern Hemisphere glaciation (Golonka, 2000); (ii) An uplift of the Middle East area at the end of the Silurian associated with epeirogenic movements (Ala et al., 1980; Berberian and King, 1981; Al-Sharhan and Nairn, 1997) and a major sea level drop at the end of Silurian (Al-Husseini, 1991,1992; Sharland et al., 2001; Konert et al., 2001; Haq and Al-Qahtani, 2005); and (iii) impact of the Hercynian orogeny spanning from the Late Devonian up to the Carboniferous (Al-Hosseini, 1992; Sharland et al., 2001; Konert et al., 2001, Faqira et al., 2009)
Rieux, Alissia. „Transport sédimentaire et architecture de barrières littorales silico-bioclastiques : une approche par modélisation physique“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC268/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn many areas, coastal environments, from tropical to temperate-cold zones, are characterizedby mixed sediments, i.e. made of a mixture of siliciclastic and biogenic particles. Processes oftransport that occur in these so-called "mixed" environments are difficult to quantify and modeldue to the differences in hydrodynamic behaviour between siliciclastic particles, generally ofsub-spherical shape, and bioclastic particles the shape of which is very complex. The presentPhD work is related to this topic and aims in evaluating if changes in the composition ofmixed sediments can impact significantly the dynamics of the coastline, and more specificallythe construction modes of coastal barriers. To reach this objective an experimental approachhas been developed. Experiments in unidirectional current flume (erodimeter) highlight thesingular behaviour of bioclastic debris in comparison with that of siliciclastic particles, as wellas significant differences in behavior between bioclasts from various mollusc species. Theseresults could help in improving numerical models of natural sediment transport. Experimentsin a large wave flume clearly show that coastal barriers reconstructed from mixtures of varyingproportions of siliciclastic and bioclastic sediments have different morphological characteristicsand internal architectures. Barriers with high content in bioclastic debris are thicker andnarrower compared to barriers containing more siliciclastic particles. These findings suggestthat an increase in bioclastic inputs may have a positive effect on the stability of littoral barriers
N'Goma, Célestin. „Fluctuations du niveau marin au cours de l'Albien supérieur dans le bassin cotier congolais : analyse micrographique, géochimique et diagraphique des environnements sédimentaires et diagénétiques“. Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA study of the Upper Albian "Sendji"carbonates in the Congo coastal basin was carried out using a multidisciplinary approach. Three aspects were investigated : 1 - lithofacies and depositional units : the identification of lithofacies electrofacies, was carried out through the study of core samples, cuttings and well log data. The Upper Albian is shown to consist of five basic lithofacies and electrofacies, disposed alternately. These are silstones, sandstones, argilites, carbonates and anhydrites. 2- Sediment dynamics: this aspect has been marked by depositional phases during which developed a shallow coastal margin (lagoonal) environment. 3- Diagenesis : this was been shown to be polyphased. The study highlights two aspects relating to diagenesis : a - phenomena other than dolomitization are responsible for modifying porosity, eitheir by occluding or by intensifying it b- the approach adopted in studying dolomitization in Upper Albian carbonates in the Congo has consisted in petrological identification involving catholuminescence, x-ray diffraction as well as mineral and isotope geochimistry
Boumaggard, El Hassane. „Etude des environnements structuraux et sédimentaires des aires de phosphatogenèse associées au courant d'Upwelling sur la marge du golfe de Tehuantepec (Mexique - Pacifique oriental)“. Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10567.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePortier, Eric. „Lien entre environnement de dépôt et diagenèse précoce : importance dans la prédiction des qualités réservoir“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS548.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReservoir quality distribution in subsurface, within an aquifer, storage or a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir, is largely variable and hence, difficult to predict. This study focuses on the early diagenetic processes, which are considered as key in the next steps of the diagenesis of deeply buried reservoir. Based on the examples of sandstones deposited in glacial setting during Ordovician of a gas field in Algeria and tidal sandstones from a Permian formation in Australia, the objective is to show the role and control exerted by the depositional environment on early diagenesis, and especially the major role of sediment reworking to predict reservoir quality distribution. The studied reworking processes are responsible of clay incorporation into sand deposits, as clay coats around detrital gains or as pore linings. The nature of clay is then determinant in the diagenetic processes, as these coatings may enhance chemical compaction if illitic in nature, or reversely, may inhibit cementation and help preserving reservoir quality if they are made of ferrous chlorite. These reworkings are associated to fluid overpressure within the sediment in glacial settings, whilst they are associated to the permanent reworking of sands by tidal currents, enabling the agglomeration of clay flocs to detrital grains with biofilm elements acting as natural glue
Martin-Barajas, Arturo. „Genèse des champs de nodules polymétalliques dans le bassin indien central“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on morphological, structural, geochemical and stratigrafical studies, two main population of manganese nodules were distinguished in the Central lndian Basin (C. I. B. ). They are hydrogenetic and diagenetic nodules. Three major parameters have directly or indirectly controled their development. Hydrogenetic growths took place at the tops of the topographics highs where were found the condensed series (with interstratified dodules associated ). Diagenetic nodules were localized within the first 40 cm of recent siliceous sediments. Their origin is related with: a) rhyolitic pumice and ash layers which have been produced by the lndonesian volcanic activity, manifested since late Miocene and which have supplied the main of nodules cores. B) The tephra bas been altered and exposed on the sediment-water interface by intraplate tectonics activity (S-N compression), as well as by erosion activity of bottom currents. C) Since Late Pliocene the high productivity belt was characterized by siliceous deposits and favoured the formation of diagenetic nodules. Ln relation to the process of metals concentration, the diagenetic nodules from C. I. B. And those from the equatorial-East Pacifique are comparables? in spite of their distinct evolutionary process
Monteillet, Jacques. „Evolution quaternaire d'un écosystème fluviomarin tropical de marge passive : environnements sédimentaires et paléoécologie du delta et de la basse vallée du Sénégal depuis environ 100.000 ans“. Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarouxis, Athanassios. „Les marqueurs bactériens lipidiques dans les environnements sédimentaires et aquatiques marins et continentaux : application à la reconnaissance des sources de contamination bactérinnes dans les eaux de captage“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVerpoorter, Charles. „Télédétection hyperspectrale et cartographie des faciès sédimentaires en zone intertidale : application à la Baie de Bourgneuf“. Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'obtenir une cartographie des paramètres sédimentaires à partir des images hyperspectrales DAIS et ROSIS. Cela nécessite de caractériser précisément les comportements et les évolutions spectrales en liaison avec les propriétés inhérentes des faciès sédimentaires (granulométrie, contenu en eau, composition). Dans cette perspective, l'utilisation du Modèle Gaussien Modifié [MGM] semble être un outil adapté à l'extraction des propriétés bio-géophysiques. A l'instar de nombreux algorithmes capables de reconnaître les formes spectrales, le MGM permet de déconvoluer un spectre de réflectance en une somme de gaussiennes et d'un ‘continuum', permettant ainsi une estimation respective des effets d'absorption (e.g. Chl-a ; H2O) et de diffusion (e.g. taille des particules). Le travail a nécessité la mise en œuvre de nouvelles méthodologies en télédétection hyperspectrale visant à automatiser le MGM. Ce document contient en outre les mesures radiométriques (ASD Fieldspec3) et les analyses sédimentologiques (Granulométrie Laser, calcimétrie, DRX, MEB) ayant servi à élaborer les relations entre les absorptions, le continuum et les propriétés physiques des sédiments. Il contient également une description détaillée du comportement spectral des sédiments en réponse à la déshydratation. Les analyses ont également permis de montrer que le continuum MGM pouvait être utilisé comme proxy du contenu en eau et de la granulométrie. Par la suite, nous avons appliqué cette méthode d'extraction automatique [MGMA] des paramètres spectraux aux données hyperspectrales DAIS et ROSIS. Des cartes de fractions granulométriques, du contenu en eau et de la biomasse ont été obtenues avec une grande précision.
Delsinne, Nicolas. „Évolution pluri-millénaire à pluri-annuelledu prisme sédimentaire d'embouchure de la Seine.Facteurs de contrôle naturels et d'origine anthropique“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuclos, Pierre-Arnaud. „IMPACTS MORPHO-SÉDIMENTAIRES DE L'EXTRACTION DE GRANULATS MARINS - APPLICATION AU BASSIN ORIENTAL DE LA MANCHE -“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795475.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuclos, Pierre-Arnaud. „Impacts morpho-sédimentaires de l'extraction de granulats marins : application au bassin oriental de la Manche“. Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Eastern English Channel is a macrotidal epicontinental sea, subject to an increasing demand for marine aggregate extraction since several decades. Effects on the submarine landscapes and ecosystems are conditioned by the physical impacts generated by extraction. In the objective of the integrated coastal zone management, a good knowledge of impacts, of their forcing parameters and their recovery potential is necessary. Two extraction sites with physical characteristics typical of the Eastern English Channel are studied off Dieppe and in the Bay of Seine. For the last one, extraction is experimental and has been monitored for 3 years, during and after extraction, on a sandy-gravelly substrate. The study focuses on 3 main physical impacts: (i) a direct hydrological impact due to sediment resuspension, forming a turbid plume at the back of the dredger, (ii) a direct morphosedimentary impact generated during sediment excavation in the extraction zone, and (iii) an indirect morphosedimentary impact corresponding to the deposition of the particles from the turbid plume, in and around the extraction zone. The turbid plume, for which a monitoring strategy is proposed, lasts around 2-3h and displays a dynamics which is essentially passive and subject to dispersion, settlement and advection processes. Concentrations, grain-size and nature of the suspended matter composing the turbid plume are mainly controlled by the nature of the extracted sediment and the pump discharge of the dredger. Water level and wave climate control the plume dispersion time and the resuspension of the sediment that settled from previous plumes. The impacts in the extraction zone are concerned with furrows and depressions whose morphological parameters depend on extraction intensity. In excavations sediment nature is function of the vertical sediment variability and the infilling potential (sediment fluxes). In the vicinity of the depositional areas, the impact is essentially concerned with an increase in the proportion of silts and sands. Extension of medium sands is potentially restricted to 250 m around the extraction location, whereas silts may extend up to 6. 5 km. Deposit distance depends on turbid plume dynamics, particle settling velocity and current velocity. The nature of deposits is function of the nature of the sediment put in suspension at the surface from the overflow and at the sea bottom by the dredging draghead, so by the nature of substrate and the speed of the TSHD (Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger). Morphological recovery of excavated areas is estimated to reach 10. 5 years in the Bay of Seine, as generally reported in the literature for this type of seabed. Recommendations for the monitoring of impacts and management tools (indices and equations) are proposed to characterize and quantify impacts, and compare them form one site to another
Gluard, L. „Evolution des fonds sédimentaires sous l'influence de la divagation des chenaux aux abords du Mont- Saint-Michel“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharrouf, Latifa. „Les problèmes d'ensablement des ports marocains sur la façade atlantique : leur impact sédimentologique sur le littoral“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112205.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Moroccan ports of the Atlantic Ocean and notably those existing on the South of Cape Cantin, where the littoral drift from North to South varies from 250. 000 to 800. 000 m³/year, have important accretion problems. The majority of those structures have been studied on mobile bed physical models and were followed by a study of their sedimentary evolutions, done on location. After having summarized natural geological, meteorological, oceanographical and sedimentological phenomena along the shoreline this thesis paper provides comparations between the model predictions and on-site observations and illustrates the different perturbations that coastal structures can make on littoral sediment equilibrum. The examples show particularly the influence of various types of sedimentary evolutions, suchas : - coastal structures implantation depth ; - formation of sand spit and tombolos - sand accumulation around structures - evolution of bars - sediment transport created by the disposition of certain breakwaters. This paper also provides some solutions that will likely reduce the accretion problems faced and the sedimentological impact of coastal structures on the shoreline
Strechie-Sliwinski, Claudia. „ENREGISTREMENT SEDIMENTAIRE DES CHANGEMENTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX RECENTS DANS LA ZONE NORD-OUEST DE LA MER NOIRE“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399227.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChevalier, Nicolas. „Processus biogéochimiques du cycle du méthane dans les environnements de sources de fluides froids (mer de Norvège et mer de Marmara) : approche géochimique organique“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Houssainy Amonda. „Apports de géochimie sédimentaire des éléments traces métalliques dans deux zones côtières méditerranéennes urbanisées : Beyrouth (Liban) et Toulon (France)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMediterranean Sea (MS) is a semi-enclosed sea divided into two basins: the Occidental and the Oriental basins. The two studied Mediterranean sites in this thesis are located respectively at N-W of MS and S-E of France for Toulon Bay and at E of MS, Lebanon for St-Georges Bay. They both host high population density especially along the coast and therefore exposed to numerous anthropogenic activities (e.g. tourism, marine transport, aquaculture, wastewater discharge, and industrial activities) contaminating the surrounding environment (water column, sediment, biota …) with different contaminants such as trace metals (TM). In addition, each site is characterized by the presence of an urbanized river: le Las (France) and Beirut River (Lebanon). Sediments are considered as a secondary source of contamination due to biogeochemical processes influencing TM mobility in the sediments. In this context, the objectives of this thesis are (1) to investigate TM contamination along the rivers and in bays; (2) to elucidate the influence of early diagenesis on TM mobility; and (3) to characterize organic matter at both sites. For all the above, superficial sediments, sediment cores, superficial waters and pore waters were collected along the two rivers and at both sites during the period 2016-2018. Sediments and waters samples were analyzed for main physical parameters, nutrients, organic carbon (dissolved and particulate) and major/ trace elements. Results showed that early diagenesis processes strongly control TM mobility in the sediments. In addition, the results confirmed that Toulon bay is strongly contaminated due to the 2nd World War and the present bay activities. The Las River inputs do not contribute and affect significantly the sediments of Toulon Bay. As for St-Georges Bay, we found that it has been impacted by several activities (industrial effluents discharged without treatment, runoff from agricultural zone) transported by Beirut River and/or by direct inputs (coastal landfill)
Staentzel, Cybill. „Dynamique des communautés biologiques dans un contexte de restauration par injection sédimentaire et érosion maitrisée : cas du Vieux Rhin, France“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Rhine River has undergone major engineering works that led to severe alterations which helped to alter the biodiversity of the entire floodplain. Restoration actions have been initiated to give it back a part of its natural hydro morphological functioning. The thesis consisted in evaluating the effects of these restorations and in highlighting the mechanisms and processes involved in biocoenosis changes of the restored environments. The results also showed that the post-restoration biological community is not only defined by post-restoration physical changes but also by the discrete influence of external determinants of restoration such as biological invasions or the internal dynamics of the river. The transitional aspect of the benefits incurred has been identified as the main limit of the gravel augmentation, while the implementation of transverse artificial groynes in the controlled bank erosion has proved to be factors of sustainability of the ecological effects
Detriche, Sébastien. „Evolution d'un système lacustre karstique au cours de la période historique d'après l'étude des archives sédimentaires : la dayet Afourgagh (Moyen Atlas, Maroc)“. Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLake Afourgagh is a karstic groundwater fed lake located in the Liasic dolomites of the Middle-Atlas (Morocco) which shows a fall of water level during the last three decades because of recurrent droughts and human impact. The evolution of this system allow asking the following questions: has the lake experienced such perturbations during the last 2500 years? If yes, were they linked to climate and/or to human activities? This work was initiated in order to answer these questions. For that, it is necessary to reconstruct the lacustrine palaeoenvironments using the lacustrine archives. A multi-proxy study (deposit geometry, facies characterisation, radiocarbon chronology) has been initiated in order to establish a model of the lake evolution during the last 2500 years and to propose some potential palaeoclimatic fluctuations
Furgerot, Lucille. „Propriétés hydrodynamiques du mascaret et de son influence sur la dynamique sédimentaire : Une approche couplée en canal et in situ (estuaire de la Sée, Baie du Mont Saint Michel)“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNzango, Jerry. „Les barrages de l'Oubangui : de l'impact hydraulique actuel à la prospective environnementale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2018. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/public/2018ORLE1166_vm.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConsidered as technological jewels since the advent of hydropower, dams provide an answer to the spatio-temporal irregularities of water at the scale of a territory. But the construction of these hydraulic structures in the river never takes place without environmental damage. The main damages are ecological and societal. Dams reduce the ecological wealth of river hydrosystems; they constitute obstacles to the fluvial continuum. However, the effects of dams in rivers depend on the size, type and management of each structure. In the Congo Basin, in this case on Ubangui, knowledge of the effects of dams is still sketchy. So, this thesis deals in an unprecedented way with the Ubangui dams through their negative impacts on the hydrosedimentary continuity. It covers both functional dams and planned dams. Hydrostatistic, sedimentological and geomatic analyzes, coupled with field investigations, have made it possible to evaluate the hydrosedimentary effects of functional dams on Ubangi. In addition, a "hydrological extrapolation" was carried out in order to explore the predictable potential effects of projected dams
Guiyeligou, Grace Daniella. „Étude paléo-environnementale des dépôts manganésifère paléoprotérozoique (2.1 Ga-GABON)“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaleoproterozoic is a crucial period in the history of the Earth. One of the major events recorded at that time was the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) from 2.45 to 2.32 Ga. This event will lead to global changes on a global scale. It will impact the physico-chemical conditions by promoting oxidative alteration of the continents. The latter is at the origin of the progressive explosion of photosynthetic cyanobacteria responsible for a significant oxidation of the environment. A complex and organized multicellular life developed as a result of this event. The Paleoproterozoic basin (2.1 to 2.0 Ga) of Franceville, located in southeastern Gabon, shows sedimentary deposits in a very good state of conservation and constitutes an exceptional archive to trace the deposition processes of this period. The francevillian sedimentary series is composed of four lithostratigraphic formations from FA to FD. Manganese accumulations are specifically visible in the plateau areas where the largest reserves are located in the Bangombé and Okouma plateaus. This work pays particular attention to the FB formation and more particularly the FB1b and FB1c subunits located on the Okouma site where iron, phosphorus and manganese deposits are found. A multidisciplinary and multi-scale study was carried out on seven Okouma holes, provided by the mining company Eramet-Comilog. The sedimentological study of the various samples made it possible to divide the holes into three units: 1- lower, consisting of detrital facies and in particular banded heterolithics (FB1b), 2- a so-called transition unit that marks the passage of the FB1b to FB1c formations with carbonate facies rich in pyrite called in this work black shales pyriteux and iron carbonates and 3- a higher unit represented by manganiferous shale blacks or is interposed by fine medium sandstones. These facies testify to the establishment of a marine environment from a phase of transgression that began at the FA-FB transition. Petrographic and mineralogical analyses have revealed clay minerals composed of illite, chlorite and interlayered illite/smectite. The illitization reaction is almost complete (90% illite) as shown by the ordered interlayered (R3). Geochemical analyses show that the FB1b formation is dominated by detrital materials while those of the formation above FB1c are dominated by chemical processes. Similarly, most redox sensitive elements (Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Co, Mo, Cd and Cu) show a redox change from an oxic environment (FB1b) to anoxic (FB1c)
Mahmoud, Haya. „La côte d’Emeraude : forçages météorologiques et anthropiques sur la morphodynamique littorale“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20055/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD deals with the geomorphologic behavior of the Northern coast of Brittany between the Pointe du Grouin and Cap Frehel. The coastline is comprised of four coastal systems: low coasts (marsh system, and dune system) and rocky coasts (hard rock cliffs, soft rocks cliffs). The dynamics of these systems is controlled by transfers of energy and sediment (from source sites to sink sites). The variation of these transfers in time and space modifies the sedimentary stock and therefore the rate of morphological evolution of the coastline. The dunes / soft cliffs association puit sites and source sites) are especially sensitive to these variations and show many erosion processes and features. Moreover the increase in anthropogenic pressures since the 60s has led to increasing artificial coastal areas. In this context, we trace the recent mobility of the coastline and we try to identify the main types of morphodynamics behavior in the evolution of coastal forms. The analysis is based on the digital processing aerial photography in order to quantify the trends of the evolution. The analysis links the changes with a GIS database describing the factors controlling the evolution of the coastline. Results show that retreat is controlled by accelerated erosion process during storms and by anthropogenic processes. The sediment deficit of some beaches may be related to a shortage of inputs from the soft cliffs. The respective roles of storms and anthropic forcing are highly variable from one site to another and no general rule may be constructed for the entire region
Lequien, A. „DYNAMIQUE EROSIVE ACTUELLE ET TRANSFERTS FLUVIATILES DANS L'OUEST DU BASSIN DE PARIS. Exemple de bassins versants littoraux en Haute Normandie : le Dun, la Ganzeville et l'Yères“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBesset, Manon. „Morphodynamique récente, évolution et vulnérabilité des littoraux deltaïques : une analyse globale“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0326/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiver deltas are rich and fragile ecosystems. Deltas depend on fluvial sediment supply to balance natural subsidence and erosion caused by waves and currents. Deltas are mainly affected by river flooding, marine submersion. However, deltas are strategic sites of human settlement, economic hotspots, and geopolitical issues. This attraction increases the pressure, rendering these deltas more and more exposed to risks and vulnerable.The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the past and present functional dynamics of delta shorelines based on 60 of the world’s deltas and a holistic and systemic approach with spatial, environmental, and societal data. After the study of recent coastal evolution showing a tendency to decreasing progradation of many deltas, a conceptual and qualitative classification of deltaic morphology based on fluviomarine influences was conducted. Updating of this classification and the proposal of new approaches, in terms of morphology, dynamics, and vulnerability, have necessitated revisiting these older schemes, and the adoption of a methodological and interpretative approach aimed at quantification of the weight of each of these three parameters showing the complexity of the interactions. The thesis proposes a new quantitative and objective classificatory framework, including the human dimension. Finally, the thesis highlights the responses of deltaic shorelines to exceptional perturbations, and highlights the limits of resilience. The thesis advises over the impact of humans on these fragile coastal environments, the equilibrium of which strongly depends on sediment supply. This fragility is further exacerbated by the impacts of climate change
Veyrat-Charvillon, Stéphane. „ELABORATION D'UNE MÉTHODE DE PRÉDICTION DU VOLUME MAXIMAL D'UNE LAVE TORRENTIELLE (PREVENT)Géomorphologie torrentielle,Topographie de terrain et Stéréophotogrammétrie sur photographies aériennes d'archivesTorrents du Manival, du Merdarêt et des Arches (Alpes-du-Nord, Isère, France)“. Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011428.
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