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1
Bellucci, Marco, Diletta Acuti, Lorenzo Simoni und Giacomo Manetti. „Restoring an eroded legitimacy: the adaptation of nonfinancial disclosure after a scandal and the risk of hypocrisy“. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 34, Nr. 9 (23.07.2021): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2019-4359.
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PurposeThis study contributes to the literature on hypocrisy in corporate social responsibility by investigating how organizations adapt their nonfinancial disclosure after a social, environmental or governance scandal.Design/methodology/approachThe present research employs content analysis of nonfinancial disclosures by 11 organizations during a 3-year timespan to investigate how they responded to major scandals in terms of social, environmental and sustainability reporting and a content analysis of independent counter accounts to detect the presence of views that contrast with the corporate disclosure and suggest hypocritical behaviors.FindingsFour patterns in the adaptation of reporting – genuine, allusive, evasive, indifferent – emerge from information collected on scandals and socially responsible actions. The type of scandal and cultural factors can influence the response to a scandal, as environmental and social scandal can attract more scrutiny than financial scandals. Companies exposed to environmental and social scandals are more likely to disclose information about the scandal and receive more coverage by external parties in the form of counter accounts.Originality/valueUsing a theoretical framework based on legitimacy theory and organizational hypocrisy, the present research contributes to the investigation of the adaptation of reporting when a scandal occurs and during its aftermath.
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McDonnell, Mary-Hunter, Kate Odziemkowska und Elizabeth Pontikes. „Bad Company: Shifts in Social Activists’ Tactics and Resources After Industry Crises“. Organization Science 32, Nr. 4 (Juli 2021): 1033–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1410.
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Social movement organizations (SMOs) are increasingly using collaborative tactics to engage firms. Implications of this are not well understood by researchers. This study investigates one risk that looms over such collaborations: if the corporate partner is later implicated in an industry scandal. Ideas are investigated in the context of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. First, we find that industry scandals differentially affect contentious and collaborative SMOs’ ability to mobilize resources. SMOs that had collaborated with the oil and gas industry before the spill suffered from reduced public support after the spill, and those that had contentiously interacted with the industry enjoyed increased contributions. Second, we find that industry scandals affect SMOs’ willingness to collaborate with firms in the future. We show that the Horizon oil spill produced a broad chilling effect on environmental SMOs’ collaborations with firms both within and outside of the oil and gas industry. Our findings show that there are risks inherent to a collaborative strategy that cannot be fully mitigated. Further, we demonstrate that industry scandals represent critical exogenous events that affect social activists’ tactical repertoires for engaging in private politics.
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Rudkin, Bradley, Danson Kimani, Subhan Ullah, Rizwan Ahmed und Syed Umar Farooq. „Hide-and-seek in corporate disclosure: evidence from negative corporate incidents“. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 19, Nr. 1 (04.02.2019): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-05-2018-0164.
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PurposeThis paper investigates the legitimacy tactics used in the annual reports of UK listed companies in the aftermath of major corporate scandals.Design/methodology/approachWe carried out a content analysis of annual reports of 19 companies that have been involved in corporate scandals with a view to understand how firms communicate negative scandals affecting them.FindingsThe findings reveal that firms use a wide range of legitimisation strategies in the manner that contribute to shape disclosure communications concerning negative incidents. For instance, some firms may offset the negativity linked to an incident by rendering such explanations amidst positive information.Originality/valueContrary to earlier studies conducted on accounting scandals, the authors incorporated extensive corporate scandals such as human rights violations, controversies concerning child labour, environmental scandals, corruption, financial embezzlement and tax evasion.
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Storm, Rasmus K., und Ulrik Wagner. „The Anatomy of the Sports Scandal: An Outline for a Theoretical Contextualization“. International Journal of Sport Communication 8, Nr. 3 (September 2015): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2015-0029.
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Sports scandals are often discussed in the media and research literature without any deeper reflection on their specificities or development. As the economic and political significance of sport seem to grow in correlation with the development of globalization and new social media, the call for a sociological understanding of the downsides of sport becomes imperative. By deploying a communication-theory framework supplemented with insights from discourse theory, this article aims to develop a theoretical model of the sports scandal. It presents a 5-step model encompassing initial steps of transgression, followed by a publicly observed dislocation destabilizing the social order, which subsequently results in moral communication, environmental pressure for appropriate action, and, finally, an institutional solution.
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Hartmann, Julia. „Toward a more complete theory of sustainable supply chain management: the role of media attention“. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 26, Nr. 4 (08.01.2021): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-01-2020-0043.
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Purpose To contribute to the development of a more complete theory of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), this study aims to focus on media attention as an under-researched antecedent. Media transmit information about (good or bad) business practices and information recipients often adjust their behavior accordingly. Although media often uncover scandals in supply chains, no systematic understanding explicates how they shape lead firms’ reactions to scandals. This empirical study investigates how media attention to a major supply chain scandal influences buying companies’ SSCM. Design/methodology/approach The research setting is the fashion industry, five years after the Rana Plaza building collapse. Matched SSCM data from 73 fashion lead firms and news articles collected from major outlets were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression analyzes. Findings This study generates nuanced insights into the role of the media in triggering SSCM. Certain facets of media attention (direct media exposure and negative framing) result in higher levels of SSCM, others have no significant effect (media visibility) and some result in less SSCM (positive framing). Research limitations/implications The varying effects of different facets of media attention on SSCM have not been established previously. Both media and supply chain researchers should address these unique effects in their continued assessments. Social implications External stakeholders can use these findings to devise more effective ways to influence lead firms and improve social and environmental conditions in supply chains. Originality/value This study is the first empirical investigation of the effects of various facets of media attention on SSCM.
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Rosell, Tarris. „Clergy Sex Scandals: What Would Jesus Do?“ Journal of Religion & Abuse 8, Nr. 4 (18.08.2008): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15211030802194480.
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Wood, Lincoln C., Jason X. Wang, Linh N. K. Duong, Torsten Reiners und Rikki Smith. „Stock Market Reactions to Auto Manufacturers’ Environmental Failures“. Journal of Macromarketing 38, Nr. 4 (11.06.2018): 364–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146718781915.
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The automotive sector must meet strict regulations to increase mobility while reducing emissions to demonstrate environmental stewardship. Trust in the promise of a sustainable Fahrvergnügen was broken with recent scandals like Dieselgate denting the confidence of regulators and consumers. Overpromising on sustainable innovative technology resulted in unethical behavior, deceit, and failure to meet promised standards. We consider to what extent societal disapproval was evident in the stock market reaction to these events. We sampled 41 announcements (1984 to 2016) and observed a mean stock market reaction of -1.01%. There was no difference in the stock reaction in firms failing governmental vs. voluntary standards and more negative reactions for events following Dieselgate or when compensation was offered. The severity of the reaction to unethical misuse of environmental credentials should encourage maintaining promised environmental performances as a macromarketing strategy.
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Lee, Joe-Ming, Shiu-Wan Hung und Chiao-Ming Li. „Firms’ profitability from firm-specific factor, environmental turbulence, and macroeconomic: evidence from Taiwan’s food industry – A review“. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 2 (27.02.2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/134/2018-agricecon.
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After a series of shocking domestic food safety scandals in the past few years, environmental concerns have risen in the eyes of the public. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationships among firm performance, customer capital, R&D innovation, structural capital, firm asset, environmental turbulence, and the macroeconomy by using the panel data model on Taiwanese food industry firms during 2010–2016 and by examining the results of the multiple regime panel smooth transition regression (MR-PSTR) model. The findings show that environmental turbulence and the misery index have a negative relationship on firms’ performance, while there is a positive relationship between customer capital and firm performance. However, under high environmental turbulence, customer capital and firm performance are negatively related, meaning that a firm’s marketing promotion will be ineffective. This study recommends that the food industry establish a high degree of trust from society and consumers. It is also important for the food industry to establishes a positive attitude towards quality requirements.
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Fast, Stewart, und Laura Nourallah. „Public Trust in Environmental Decision-Making: A Case Study of Shale Gas Regulation in Kent County, New Brunswick“. Case Studies in the Environment 2, Nr. 1 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.000877.
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The existence of trust and confidence in public authorities and in the rules and the outcomes of environmental and other regulatory assessment processes is highly important. This case examines a region that was overwhelmingly distrustful of public authorities making decisions about shale gas development. Kent County is a rural area in New Brunswick, Canada, featuring coastal and inland villages and a unique mix of three cultures (Mi’kmaq, Acadian, and Anglophone). Through a combination of interviews (n=20) and a survey (n=500), we identified three main reasons for the lack of confidence: (1) skepticism over capacity; (2) scandals and controversies; and (3) challenges of aligning with indigenous epistemologies and questions of representation.
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MEYER, Jan-Henrik. „Pushing for a Greener Europe: The European Parliament and Environmental Policy in the 1970s and 1980s“. Journal of European Integration History 27, Nr. 1 (2021): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2021-1-57.
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The European Parliament (EP) has long been derided as a powerless talking shop, notably before the 1979 elections and the granting of new co-legislative powers with the Single European Act. This article argues instead that already in the 1970s and early 1980s, the EP was a decisive player not only in initiating, but also in defining - and refining - European policy. Drawing on the case of the nascent environmental policy, the analysis demonstrates how the EP, its committees and members (MEPs), skilfully utilised the limited range of instruments available to them. In the early 1970s, the EP pushed for the inclusion of environmental policy into the EC policy portfolio and tried to influence its contents. In the early 1980s, after a decade of environmental legislation, the EP was an important advocate of making the already existing environmental law work and of adding new European laws. Their arguments and practices illustrate that MEPs were clearly aware of the limits but also of the opportunities the EC institutional system provided. Before as well as after direct elections, the EP exploited environmental scandals in the European public sphere - Rhine pollution, Seveso - to push for a greener, more environmentally friendly Europe. In a federalist spirit, the EP pursued institutional objectives at the same time: the strengthening of EC-level policy making and legal instruments, along with its own self-strengthening.
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Shollenberger, Tara. „Characterizing Ethical Decision-Making and Its Influences: Examining Higher Education Leaders in the United States“. ETHICS IN PROGRESS 6, Nr. 2 (01.09.2015): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2015.2.5.
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The ethical decision-making (EDM) process that leaders should follow to avoid scandals and unethical behavior is often overlooked. In addition, visit few studies have focused on EDM within higher education. Yet, educational leaders have an ethical responsibility due in part to increasingly diverse student populations enrolled that is having an impact on the growth of educational institutions. This exploratory study used the Delphi research technique to identify an EDM definition that leaders use to make ethical decisions and identify the environmental factors that influence their decisions as well as an EDM model within the U.S.
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Stepanović, Nemanja, und Vladan Tubić. „Analysis of ecological benefits of traffic flow electrification“. Put i saobraćaj 65, Nr. 2 (09.07.2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.02.04.
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Road transport is responsible for 22% of the total CO2 emissions, 39% of NOx emission and 10% share of particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5) emission. The use of passenger cars, as an extremely dominant category of vehicles, is at constant growth, which causes an increase or insufficient reduction of Greenhouse Gas emission, despite the technological improvements of exaust emission devices. Due to the growing harmful effects on the environment and human health, as well as the recent scandals associated with internal combustion engine tehcnology („Dieselgate scandal”), development of new technology is fast forward toward electric vehicles.The biggest automotive corporations plans dominant fleet electrification in the next 10 years. However, sudden share increase of the electric vehicles in the traffic flow can lead to the capacity overcoming of the electricity grid network, or the issue of the "ecological footprint" of such a trend. In this paper, the overall environmental impact (so-called Well-to-Wheel analysis) of the increasing number of electric vehicles was analysed. Comparison analysis of vehicles equipped with internal combustion egines and electric vehicles showed the absence of Greenhouse Gass emisson reduction in countries with low percentage of electricity gained from renewable energy sources. Well-to-Wheel analysis was also conducted for several scenarios of electric vehicles participation in traffic flow in Republic of Serbia i.e their influence on electricity grid network and its emission.
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Macassa, Gloria, Gianpaolo Tomaselli und Joaquim Soares. „Responsible Leadership Behaviour as a Determinant of Stakeholders' Health and Well-Being“. International Journal of Responsible Leadership and Ethical Decision-Making 1, Nr. 2 (Juli 2019): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrledm.2019070104.
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Recent corporate scandals have prompted discussion of the role of business in society. Business leaders are increasingly held accountable for their actions and non-actions in relation to all stakeholders, both internal and external. The emerging challenges faced by business organizations today include economic, social, and environmental demands; globalization; rapid population growth; natural resources exploitation; extreme poverty and debt; global migration; unprecedented inequality; global migration; geopolitical and ecological crises; climate change and other environmental issues; competitive pressure; health issues; new information and communication technologies; and sustainable lifestyles. Responsible leadership represents a new type of leadership, which is better positioned to address these challenges through stakeholder consideration and in the context of sustainable development. Building on existing literature, the aim of this article is to present a conceptual framework of responsible leadership as a potential determinant of stakeholders' health and well-being.
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Ekhator, Eghosa O. „Regulating the Activities of Oil Multinationals in Nigeria: A Case for Self-Regulation?“ Journal of African Law 60, Nr. 1 (06.10.2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855315000236.
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AbstractThe activities of oil multinational corporations (MNCs) in Nigeria, especially in the oil and gas sector, have come under focus in recent years. The BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in the USA highlighted the negative or unintended consequences of the activities of MNCs. Also, oil MNCs in Nigeria have been at the centre of scandals about poor labour standards, environmental degradation and human rights violations amongst others. Furthermore, the extant state-oriented or command and control regulatory regime has been ineffective. Thus, self-regulation by oil MNCs has risen to help counter these negative consequences. This article contends that the self-regulatory regime is ineffective and advocates for reforms to remedy it.
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Carels, Candice, Warren Maroun und Nirupa Padia. „Integrated reporting in the South African mining sector“. Corporate Ownership and Control 11, Nr. 1 (2013): 947–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c11p6.
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A string of corporate scandals coupled with recent environmental disasters and persistent socio-economic problems has confirmed that traditional financial reporting models are flawed. What is needed is high quality integrated reports dealing with financial and non-financial metrics that communicate clearly the ability of organisations to create and sustain value in the short-, medium- and long-term. This is especially true in the South African mining sector, given its high social and environmental impact, as well as the significant contribution that the sector makes to the South African economy. Accordingly, this paper uses an interpretive text analysis to explore how recent corporate governance developments have impacted the level and extent of integration of environmental, social and ethical-related disclosures in the annual or integrated reports of a sample of mining companies in South Africa. In doing so, the paper contributes to the general body of corporate governance research that has largely neglected African markets and simultaneously offers one of the first formal accounts of the impact of the integrated reporting project on mining houses on the Continent’s largest economy.
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Hawes, Colin, und Angus Young. „The Dao of CSR“. European Journal of East Asian Studies 18, Nr. 2 (12.12.2019): 165–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01802003.
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AbstractWidespread corporate scandals involving corruption, environmental pollution, IP theft and food/product safety demonstrate that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has not yet taken root among Chinese business firms. One major reason is that Chinese managers view CSR as a foreign concept, an externally imposed set of rules, that fails to resonate with their internal worldview. This paper proposes a new approach to CSR based on ‘vital energy’ (qi) circulating within an organically integrated moral cosmos (dao)—a traditional Chinese ecological worldview that overcomes cultural barriers to acceptance, while simultaneously drawing on insights from contemporary behavioural economics and materials science. The paper provides Chinese conceptual tools to transform an externally imposed burden on business firms into an internally generated, ecologically situated, creative and productive corporate evolution.
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AHAMED HIBATHUR RAHUMAN, MOHAMED RIFKHAN. „Corporate Social Responsibility“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 5, Nr. 7 (31.07.2017): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol5.iss7.756.
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Due to the huge social and environmental issues faced by the world during the last couple of decades the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has taken front stage in the business world by becoming the key element of sustainable competitive advantage that benefits the company, society, and environment The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the concept of CSR take as a tool only for maximizing the shareholders’ wealth by the investors (principals) as well as managers (agents) of the company by analyzing the two prominent CSR related scandals happened in the auto industry. It uses the agency theory model to analyze these cases and understand whether this model is overshadowing the stakeholder model of CSR concept. The preliminary studies carried out by comparing CSR reported by these two companies and the facts, effects, and reactions to the emission scandals indicate that although firms indicate that they follow a stakeholder model for their CSR initiatives and reports based on it, in reality, they follow agency model and CSR appears to do not really matter. This study also implies that manager needs to have a proper strategy that is followed and reported along with proper monitoring and control measure for a successful implementation of CSR. Due to many complexities, this it is too early to generalize ‘CSR does not matter ' view either to the entire corporate world nor the auto industry. Therefore, future studies are encouraged to include more companies in the auto industry and expand it to other industries as well.
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JÖNSON, HÅKAN. „Framing scandalous nursing home care: what is the problem?“ Ageing and Society 36, Nr. 2 (01.12.2014): 400–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14001287.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to investigate different ways in which nursing home scandals in Sweden have been framed, to discuss the relations between these existing frameworks, and to identify ways of describing the problem that are absent in the current debates. Data for the study consisted of media articles, television documentaries and internet debates, expert reports and court hearings, and interviews with representatives of organisations dealing with the issue of mistreatment in care services for older people. An analytical tool developed within social movement research was used to identify three ‘debates’ on such mistreatment in Sweden, where competing ways of framing the problem have been used: (a) a debate where staff are cast as either perpetrators or victims, (b) a debate on privatisation and profit as the motive for neglect of care recipients, and (c) a debate on deserving and non-deserving recipients of socially provided care centred around populist claims. The analysis highlights a need to introduce an alternative frame for interpretation where mistreatment in care for older people is regarded as involving scandalous cases of ageism. This anti-ageism frame would provide older people with a lead role in the drama – not just as victims but as stakeholders in relation to the problem.
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Verkerk, Maarten J. „SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND IMPACT INVESTING“. Philosophia Reformata 78, Nr. 2 (17.11.2013): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000553.
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The financial crisis and accounting scandals in large companies have stimulated a thorough assessment of the contribution of enterprises and financial institutions to the greater public good and economic prosperity. This assessment has led to a revaluation of the ideas of social entrepreneurship and impact investing. In this article we explore the nature and character of these ideas by a philosophical analysis and by comparison with profit-driven organizations and corporate social responsibility. We show that social entrepreneurs and impact investors distinguish themselves by their social and environmental objectives, their focus on the justified interests of all stakeholders, and their values and world view. We also make a reasonable case that in the coming decade social entrepreneurs and impact investors will play an important role in the development of the global world.
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Szasz, Andrew. „The Process and Significance of Political Scandals: A Comparison of Watergate and the "Sewergate" Episode at the Environmental Protection Agency“. Social Problems 33, Nr. 3 (Februar 1986): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1986.33.3.03a00040.
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Szasz, Andrew. „The Process and Significance of Political Scandals: A Comparison of Watergate and the "Sewergate" Episode at the Environmental Protection Agency“. Social Problems 33, Nr. 3 (Februar 1986): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/800705.
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Vandergeest, Peter, und Melissa Marschke. „Beyond slavery scandals: Explaining working conditions among fish workers in Taiwan and Thailand“. Marine Policy 132 (Oktober 2021): 104685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104685.
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Gracheva, M. „Development of Corporate Governance Standards in UK: The Higgs Report“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 1 (20.01.2004): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-1-118-128.
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In 2001-2002 numerous scandals have occurred in developed countries in connection with financial reports' distortions and breaches of good corporate governance principles. As a result, regulatory bodies began to study the role of boards of directors in preventing such cases, putting an emphasis on the duties and powers of non-executive directors. Serious steps have been taken in United Kingdom, where the first corporate governance standards were established in the beginning of the 1990s. The article analyses the document published in January 2003 — the review of the role and effectiveness of non-executive directors prepared by D. Higgs team. The author considers the peculiarities of the British corporate governance system and examines most important provisions of the Higgs report.
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Mayper, Alan G., Robert J. Pavur, Barbara D. Merino und William Hoops. „The Impact of Accounting Education on Ethical Values: An Institutional Perspective“. Accounting and the Public Interest 5, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/api.2005.5.1.32.
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The accounting scandals at the beginning of the 21st century led to public distrust and demands for reform. Were these scandals unexpected? From an old institutional economics (OIE) perspective, which originated with the work of Thorstein Veblen in the 1890s, these failures and the moral lapses should not be a surprise. OIE theorists, like critical theorists, generally, contend that corporate hegemony, i.e., the domination of business values in all areas of human life, has eroded moral sensitivities. All institutions, including our once-autonomous educational institutions, have become mechanisms for promoting economic interests. We first present a brief overview of institutional theory, to provide a theoretical framework for our subsequent experimental analysis. We discuss the concept of corporate hegemony and explain how hegemony impacts higher education, generally. We then examine efforts to commodify higher education and explain how that impacts all students in universities in the United States. Finally, we discuss the effect of commodification on accounting education to explain why we posit that our current accounting educational environment should be expected to desensitize students to the ethical aspects of their profession. This theoretical framework provides the basis for three hypotheses that we test in an experimental context to determine if accounting education desensitizes students to the moral aspects of their discipline. The experiment utilizes a capital budgeting context, which incorporates financial, social, and environmental factors. Subjects ranked and provided perceptions on eight alternatives as to their economic and moral content. Three groups of students, with differing levels of accounting knowledge, participated in the experiment. We develop hypotheses based on institutional theory and test those hypotheses in the latter part of this paper. Our results suggest that accounting education needs reform, so that accounting students become more aware of the ethical dimensions of our discipline.
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Wong, Christine. „Rebuilding Government for the 21st Century: Can China Incrementally Reform the Public Sector?“ China Quarterly 200 (Dezember 2009): 929–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741009990567.
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AbstractAfter three decades of spectacular economic successes, China is facing a significant challenge. The string of recent scandals – environmental degradation, melamine-tainted milk powder, fake drugs and chemicals – have all pointed to government weakness in protecting public safety, exposing an enormous gap between China's growing economic prowess and its capacity to govern. With the leadership now focused on improving the regulatory regime, will China “catch up” and build the public institutions needed? This article argues that the reactive, incremental retrenchment of government in the 1980s and 1990s, combined with inadequate finance, had broken the intergovernmental fiscal system and created large distortions in the incentive structure facing government agencies and public institutions (shiye danwei事业单位). Until the intergovernmental fiscal system is repaired and incentives are fundamentally reformed for the public sector, the top-down programme to redirect China's development and build a service-oriented government will have limited effect.
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Díaz de Junguitu, Alberto, Iñaki Heras Saizarbitoria und Olivier Boiral. „Economics and environment: An impossible reconciliation?“ Harvard Deusto Business Research 8, Nr. 3 (11.12.2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/hdbr.121.
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It should be noted that the relationship between economics and the environment has never previously featured as one of mankind’s primary or principal concerns. It presently does. The recent worldwide student mobilization for climate action, the Climate Change Congress in Paris (December 2015) or the dieselgate related to the scandals involving companies in the automobile sector not complying with regulatory environmental norms (which started also in 2015), among many other issues, provide evidence that this relationship is presently of central concern to questions regarding the future of mankind.
Nevertheless, we should remind ourselves of the fact that, despite being a recurrent theme in the media, the environment continued to be a treated by economists as a subsidiary issue until, in relatively recent times, the effects of the global environmental crisis grew to proportions that meant it became of serious concern to the future of mankind.
The aim of this paper is to trace the historical relationship between the environment and economics. In fact, the focus is more modest: we aim to illustrate the principal traces of the presence of the environment in economic science in an attempt to exhibit a path which might lead to the reconciliation of the one (the environment) with the other (economics).
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Blauvelt, Robert P. „An Examination of Seven Sociopolitical Factors and Their Connection with State Environmental Expenditures“. Journal of Environment and Ecology 6, Nr. 2 (22.11.2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v6i2.7865.
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<p class="1"><span lang="EN-GB">State environmental agencies serve as first-responders during and after environmental disasters (man-made or natural), track and identify individuals and businesses that violate anti-pollution statutes, and function as scientific and data-gathering centers for policy makers. The robustness of a state environmental agency’s budget also can be a measure of a state’s environmental commitment. An understanding of the funding dynamics associated with establishing a state’s environmental agency budget is a complex political ballet with often mysterious and competing forces influencing the financial choreography. </span></p><p class="1"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper analyzes possible political and cultural influences on budgetary outcomes in an attempt to identify those common, underlying, non-econometric factors that may drive or significantly contribute to state environmental agency funding. Those described here include, for 49 states (exclusive of Hawaii) between 2000 and 2009, total state expenditures, per capita income, educational attainment, agency staffing, environmental quality as measured through impaired waters, citizen ideology, and state agency performance. A Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient is used to compare state environmental expenditures to these seven data sets. </span></p><p class="1"><span lang="EN-GB">Those states showing the biggest change (positive or negative) in annual environmental agency budgets also have the strongest correlation (positive or negative) with the total number of independent variables. This relationship implies that changes to sociopolitical factors may sway or have an influence on state environmental agency funding. As the number of correlations increase, their effect on agency funding may become more pronounced. This suggests a “critical mass” type relationship. Alternatively, as more sociopolitical factors combine to compel either increases or decreases in environmental agency funding, legislative priorities might be re-organized to accommodate that pressure with funding levels adjusted accordingly. The confluence of these special interests, either positively or negatively, may force environmental agency funding levels to overcome or shed local suppressive or masking effects (political scandals, policy distractions, etc.) to more closely reflect constituent demands and concerns. </span></p>
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Yang, Minghui, Paulo Bento und Ahsan Akbar. „Does CSR Influence Firm Performance Indicators? Evidence from Chinese Pharmaceutical Enterprises“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 20 (14.10.2019): 5656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205656.
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This research is carried out in the backdrop of increasing product quality and environmental degradation scandals associated with Chinese Pharmaceuticals in recent years. We examined the data of 125 Chinese Pharmaceuticals between 2010–2016 to investigate the impact of overall corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance as well as the performance on five unique aspects of CSR such as shareholders, employees, customers and suppliers, environmental practices, and the society to gauge the impact of these individual dimensions on the firm’s financial performance. The Hexun rating system is used to gauge a firm’s CSR performance on various stakeholder dimensions as it is one of the widely accepted CSR measurement criteria in China. The firm performance is measured by Tobin’s Q, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and earnings per share (EPS) ratios. The outcome of the panel-based regression models reveals that the overall CSR score has a positive and significant influence on a firm’s financial indicators. Moreover, although all the CSR dimensions relate positively to firm performance, the environmental aspect of CSR has the most profound impact on firm performance followed by customers and suppliers, and employees. However, the shareholders and social dimensions have a relatively lesser influence on firm performance. These results imply that Chinese Pharmaceuticals shall further optimize each aspect of CSR performance as it can not only create a favorable brand image for various stakeholders but also results in sustainable financial performance.
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Leavy, Brian. „Lord John Browne: beyond CSR – why business needs to engage more radically with society“. Strategy & Leadership 44, Nr. 4 (18.07.2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-06-2016-0040.
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Purpose This interview with petroleum executive John Browne, lead author of Connect: How Companies Succeed by Engaging Radically with Society, discusses sustainability practices that could be more successful than those of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) movement. Design/methodology/approach Lord Browne, a British peer, was CEO of BP (British Petroleum) from 1995 to 2007 and is currently executive chairman of L1 Energy, He was interviewed by Prof. Brian Leavy, an S&L contributing editor Findings Connected leadership means integrating societal and environmental considerations into core business strategy at every level of the company. Practical implications The key lesson for business leaders in the wake of …accidents and scandals is that reputation is an outcome of your core business activity, not something constructed alongside it. Social implications Shareholder value, as a theory, presents a false tension between serving stakeholders and shareholders. Originality/value Browne was the first Big Oil chief executive to acknowledge the link between man-made carbon emissions and global warming. His insights into integrating social responsibility and corporate strategy are cutting edge.
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Navarrete-Oyarce, José, Juan Alejandro Gallegos, Hugo Moraga-Flores und José Luis Gallizo. „Integrated Reporting as an Academic Research Concept in the Area of Business“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 14 (12.07.2021): 7741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147741.
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Recent financial scandals and the global financial crisis have generated numerous criticisms of the value and use of annual financial and sustainability reports prepared by companies. This has generated the elaboration and use of a new model of corporate-information reporting that considers strategic, social, economic, and environmental aspects. This study synthesizes the knowledge of the use of integrated reporting as a source of information, and bibliometrically analyzes of 268 articles published in the Web of Science database in 2011–2019. Results show that 77.6% of the academic articles were from developed countries, and the five most influential countries are Italy, South Africa, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results show that the development of this type of research is scarce in emerging economies. The most influential authors are García, Rodríguez, and De Villiers. A high level of interconnections is observed in used keywords, of which the most used are ‘sustainability’ and ‘management’. Lastly, this article contributes to the international discussion on integrated reporting by carrying out a structured review of the literature, highlighting previous research.
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Tahir, Rubab, Muhammad Razzaq Athar, Farida Faisal, Noor un Nissa Shahani und Banazir Solangi. „Green Organizational Culture: A Review of Literature and Future Research Agenda“. Annals of Contemporary Developments in Management & HR 1, Nr. 1 (01.05.2019): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/acdmhr.2019.01.004.
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Due to climatic changes across the globe, alignment of processes and products according to international environment standards is a rising concern for business stakeholders. Though this reform process to minimize environmental impact is occurring across different industries and countries but at a varying pace. Therefore, environmental management is still naïve and often compromised. If it is left unaddressed, it would lead to massive protests and social movements in future which will be messy to deal with, since climate change is occurring at an alarming pace. Moreover, the environmental consciousness is rising among masses, it is inevitable to deceive stakeholders for long time in this information era where controlling information is impossible. Corporate scandals and information/data leaks regarding greenwashing can lead to social protests and corporate defamation. Although in most of the countries environmental reporting is not a legal requirement however it is a societal requirement in different communities. Organizations use obfuscation eco-friendly claims, vague visual imagery, selective disclosure of corporate reports, and misleading communication modes to intentionally portray false environment-friendly claims of poor environmental performance to maintain positive social image by deceiving stakeholders. These symbolic strategic practices have stark difference with the real environmental impact. human resource managers and employees play significant role in developing and implementing such environment friendly organizational culture. Therefore, human resource function can facilitate by designing systems to build green organizational culture in organizations. In this research paper the pre-existing literature on green organizational culture in organizations is be reviewed, since in the last decade many researches were conducted on this issue. This review will give a holistic view of existing literature to the future researchers and will help them to identify research gap. Moreover, it will help practitioners and decision makers in knowing the advantages and disadvantages of green culture in organizations, so that they will understand whole impact of opting it.
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Medeiros, Cintia Rodrigues O., und Jacquelaine Florindo Borges. „CETICISMO E PRAGMATISMO, AMBIGUIDADES E CONTRADIÇÕES: O OLHAR DO ESTUDANTE DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO PARA A RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVADOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v4i3.327“. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 4, Nr. 3 (18.11.2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v4i3.327.
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Recentes escândalos corporativos geraram uma crise de confiança em relação ao comportamento das companhias, à integridade profissional dos seus principais executivos e ao conteúdo de currículos e programas das escolas de gestão. Este artigo analisa a Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) na perspectiva do estudante de Administração de duas instituições de ensino, uma pública e outra particular. É um estudo de natureza quantitativa que utiliza o método survey para identificar como os estudantes compreendem a RSC e como esta influencia o seu comportamento. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os estudantes reconhecem a importância de ações de RSC e as diferentes dimensões desta: social, ambiental e econômica. Todavia, eles atribuem ao governo a responsabilidade pela busca pelo bem-estar social, relegando o papel das organizações e da sociedade civil nesse processo. Ainda, os resultados mostram que a qualidade dos produtos e serviços e o preço competitivo são critérios mais importantes na decisão de compra desses estudantes do que a conduta ética e as práticas de responsabilidade social e ambiental das companhias. Eles são céticos quanto aos motivos que levam as companhias a adotarem práticas de RSC: a imagem e a reputação. As conclusões indicam ambiguidades e contradições no comportamento dos estudantes e futuros gestores em relação à RSC, e alertam a academia para a necessidade de reforçar o tema em seus currículos.
Palavras-chave:Escândalos corporativos. Conduta do Administrador. Responsabilidade Corporativa. Escolas de Administração.
ABSTRACT
Recent corporate scandals have generated a trust crisis in relation to companies’ behavior, to professional integrity of their main executives, as well as to curricular content and course of management schools. This article analyzes the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from the students’ perspective in two schools, one public and the other one private. It is a study of a quantitative method that uses the survey to identify how students understand the CRS and how this influences their behavior. The survey results show that students recognize the importance of CRS actions and their different dimensions: social, environmental and economic. However, they assign to the government the responsibility for the pursuit of social welfare, relegating the role of organizations and civil society in this process. The results also show that the quality of products and services and competitive price are more important criteria in purchasing decisions for these students than the ethical behavior and practices of social and environmental responsibility of the company. They are skeptical about the reasons that lead companies to adopt practices of CRS: the image and reputation. The conclusions indicate ambiguities and contradictions in students’ behavior and future managers in relation to CSR, and alert the Academy to the need to insert the subject into its curriculum.
Keywords:Corporate scandals. Administrator’s conduct. Corporate responsibility. Business schools.
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Okoloise, Chairman. „“Humanizing” investments in the extractive industries in Africa through the IFC’s sustainability policies“. Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 11, Nr. 1 (10.11.2020): 106–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v11i1.6.
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International financial institutions face enormous challenges in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs). They finance infrastructure projects, manage vast investment portfolios, offer advisory services, and contribute to economic development in EMDEs. In the process, they areexposed to huge risks and face reputational damage if they act recklessly or have little or no regard for their projects’ adverse impacts on thirdparties. In the context of natural resource exploitation in Africa, the weak governance of environmental and social risks often results in devastating consequences for communities proximate to investment projects. Promises of infrastructure and social services, job opportunities and economic boom have only often delivered land grabs, forced displacement, cultural infringements, environmental pollution, conflicts, health disasters, misery and sometimes deaths. As calls for greater corporate scrutiny increase, investment project facilitators in the extractive industries like the International Finance Corporation (IFC) must respond appropriately. To preserve its reputation and long-term market access, the IFC needs to apply a higher degree of due diligence and sustainable business conduct that proactively treat risks and limit its exposure. With the rising number of complaints against IFC policy compliance, including projects tainted by scandals and the debarment of companies from accessing international finance, this article demonstrates that merely promoting sustainable investment policies on paper is inadequate. Using a human rights-centred approach to development project financing, the article critically assesses the extent to which the implementation of the IFC’s sustainability framework can practicably protect resource-rich communities, safeguard human rights and ensure sustainable development outcomes in Africa.
Keywords: Extractive Industries, Human rights, Project Financing, IFC, Compliance, Sustainable Development.
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Bláha, Jiří, Lucjan Klimsza, Aleš Lokaj und Lech Nierostek. „Multidimensional Analysis of Ethical Leadership for Business Development“. European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, Nr. 1 (01.02.2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p290.
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Tremendous progress has been made in industry including artificial intelligence, robotics and 4th generation of industry. People in most countries work smarter, hard work is supplied by machines and automatics do constantly repeated operations. Modern technology has made work smarter, quicker and more precise than human works. But there are still many problems to tackle. Tension on effective work is much than higher. Companies prioritize well educated people. The value of the company is measured not only by the level of financial capital, either intellectual capital is also rated. There are economic reasons for prioritizing effectivity in industrial development, and intellectual capital increasing level of effectivity. On the other hand, there are some arguments for prioritizing social and ethical responsibility. Economic growth could not be the only reason for development in business. In addition, involvement in corruption scandals and environmental accidents can severely damage the reputation of a company. Innovation in management is needed. Some results of investigations in that area suggested that ethical leadership could gain negative consequences of human behavior. Finally, it has been found that the development in ethical leadership could bring the benefits for employee and employers and can increase level of productivity and thus profits of companies. The main aim of the article is to describe an investigation of ethical leadership influence on companies.
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El Beshlawy, Hany, und Sinan Ardroumli. „Board dynamics and decision-making in turbulent times“. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 5, Nr. 1 (2021): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv5i1p6.
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The board of directors’ role is evolving and becoming more important in the wake of corporate scandals resulting in the collapse of large corporations and losses to shareholders. Poor governance can lead to wrong decision-making, which might destroy organizations, particularly during times of environmental turbulence. The 2008 Global Financial Crises followed by the 2011 Arab Spring throughout the MENA region and then the 2019 pandemic situation are few of many factors that created a turbulent economic and political environment for organizations, highlighting the importance of excellent decision-making skills. However, there is limited research on boards’ decision-making during difficult times in the MENA region. The authors interviewed 26 board members of 21 companies operated under duress to examine the effects on boardroom level decision making of the magnified levels of duress and stress experienced during turbulent times. Key findings from the research include trends in emotional responses in relation to decision-making, changes in the decision-making process after crises, leadership positions, and board behavior. The authors recommend that boards incorporate diversity training and awareness into all levels of their decision-making process and to the board members’ selection process. Future research should expand to different regions and industries and examine the effects of board members’ personal traits and backgrounds on their quality of choices and decision-making
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Teck, Tan Seng, Selvamalar Ayadurai, William Chua, Tan Peng Liang und Nanthakumar Karuppiah. „Institutionalising a Withering Sense in Corporate Social Responsibility“. Journal of Management and Sustainability 10, Nr. 1 (07.02.2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v10n1p54.
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Studies and writings on corporate social responsibility turned a full cycle with much ink spilled on this topic. From the inception of a divine origin, corporate social responsibility has now become a flamboyant display of numbers and statistics which corporations proudly present them to fulfil their legal obligations. It is ironic that a divine understanding of corporate social responsibility has now transpired to be a complex calculus of statistical tabulations, too often exhibited in annual and sustainability reports. Organisations become grossly mesmerised with the grandiosity of exceeding the prerequisites of ecological, environmental, social and economic performance supported by undisputable, verifiable and measurable data. Corporate social responsibility has become senseless and meaningless. This is not a research paper nor does it entail the rudiments of any research findings. Conversely, this paper alerts and perhaps cautions corporate social responsibility practitioners on the perils of their overarching emphasis on positivism. Corporate social responsibility cannot be quantified merely in numbers but on the contrary, it should involve truthful, honest and transparent dialectic communication with the stakeholders. Many corporations deceived and some still facing the remnants of their mistakes. The Volkswagen ‘diesel dupe’ crisis and Johnson & Johnson’s baby talc powder scandals are reminders of the same. This paper is a solemn reminder that corporations must be ‘awakened’ so that ethics is grounded to its core and not merely in the cosmetic forms of presentable statistics.
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Cucciolla, Riccardo Mario. „Aleksandr Minkin: A pioneer of investigative journalism in Soviet Central Asia (1979–1991)“. Journalism 21, Nr. 11 (11.01.2018): 1727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884917751305.
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In the 1980s, Aleksandr Minkin was a young Russian journalist at the beginning of a brilliant career as a literary and theater critic. During his tours in Central Asia, he turned to investigative journalism, reporting on the unstable circumstances in Soviet peripheries, painting a picture for the Soviet public of the brutal side of Bolshevik modernization, such as cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan, the exploitation of peasants, the spread of deformities and disease in children due to the abuse of defoliants and pesticides in rural areas, widespread corruption, as well as the general social backwardness of the most remote areas of the USSR. In 1988, the magazine Ogonek published Minkin’s famous piece ‘khlopkorab’ (cotton slave) – denouncing for the first time in the Soviet press the exploitation of child labor in the cotton fields – as well as other articles revealing the use of dangerous Butifos defoliant, and the spread of illness in the republic. These articles caused a sensation and were at the center of a political debate during perestroika that both thrilled Soviet readers and frightened the Communist party. Minkin was viciously attacked by the official press and endured the surveillance of Soviet security authorities, as well as of foreign intelligence agencies. However, the campaign to discredit him could not cover the scandals up entirely, and Minkin became a symbol of free journalism, and a liberal intellectual figure in post–Soviet Russia, raising public awareness of social and environmental issues in Central Asia that had been officially hidden for decades.
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Webster, DG, und Tyler Pavlovich. „Responsive Governance and Harmful Microbial Blooms on Lake Erie: An ABM Approach“. Complexity, Governance & Networks 5, Nr. 1 (24.10.2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/cgn-72.
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In general, decision makers tend to respond to problems rather than prevent them. In political science, this process of responsive governance is associated with complex dynamics such as availability cascades and punctuated equilibrium. However, most authors treat problems as one-time events, like oil spills or political scandals. Here, we use an agent based model loosely based on the Lake Erie watershed to explore how responsive governance evolves along with an on-going but noisy environmental problem: harmful microbial blooms. This conceptual model features a two-level decision process based on Jones and Baumgartner (2005). Meta-agents representing the individual level of analysis “perceive” blooms either directly via observation if they are near a bloom or indirectly through the media. As a meta-agent observes more blooms, their concern increases until it crosses an action threshold, at which point they use simple cost-benefit analysis to select from a range of options. One of these options is to send a signal to their policy agent, which aggregates these political signals based on a range of assumptions and then decides on actions in much the same way as the metapopulations themselves. We examine two major scenarios, one in which there is a single policy maker managing the entire region (e.g. the national government) and one where there are 5 policy makers, each separately regulating a demographically and geographically distinct region. Although the model is relatively simple, it lets us explore how variability in risk perception and responsive governance shape the functioning of the entire coupled human and natural system, including biophysical feedbacks.
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Masiokaitė-Liubinienė, Austėja. „Skandalas kaip politinio status quo keitimo įrankis mediatizuotoje politinėje aplinkoje“. Deeds and Days 71 (2019): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.71.3.
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Wallace, Sinead, Catherine Houghton und Fidelma Dunne. „Participation in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): pregnant women’s perceptions and experiences of the decision-making process“. HRB Open Research 4 (14.06.2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13289.1.
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Background: Research in pregnancy and childbirth is required to advance healthcare needs for this population. Fears around potential fetal risk and the history of drug scandals renders it an area of research that is somewhat neglected. Due to the growing medical complexities facing pregnant women, efforts have been made in recent times to recognise the ethical importance of including this population in clinical research. Although clinical trials are becoming more common in pregnancy, recruitment of this population remains difficult with a common assumption that pregnant women would be reluctant to participate in clinical trials. This study set out to explore pregnant women’s perspectives and experiences of the decision-making process to participate in a randomised controlled trial of metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus (the EMERGE clinical trial). Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive design with thematic analysis. Data were collected by conducting individual semi-structured interviews (n=11) with participants (n=9) and decliners (n=2) of the EMERGE clinical trial. Results: The main findings reveal that a significant perception of personal benefit from participation was the biggest influence on women’s decisions to participate. Concerns about the impact of gestational diabetes on their pregnancies, the option of a favourable intervention treatment, a low perception of risk associated with the trial and the opportunity to help medical research appeared to have significantly influenced their decision. Receiving detailed information, personal interactions with the study team, a perception of voluntariness in participation and accessibility of the trial positively impacted on women’s decisions to participate. Conclusions: Personal contact during recruitment, presenting clear and thorough trial information, providing previous participant testimonials, and facilitating women to participate in clinical trials are all important strategies when trying to enhance recruitment in pregnancy trials. Further research on pregnant women declining participation in clinical trials is needed.
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Schreurs, Miranda A. „Is Germany Really an Environmental Leader?“ Current History 115, Nr. 779 (01.03.2016): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2016.115.779.114.
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The Germans have been early adopters of green standards, and the state has set ambitious renewable-energy targets. But industrial lobbies can still thwart regulations, as the Volkswagen scandal revealed.
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Molnár, G., Kinga Ráthonyi-Ódor und A. Borbély. „Responsible behaviour or business? Social responsibility (CSR) in sport management“. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, Nr. 1 (31.03.2013): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/1/15.
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CSR has become increasingly important in today’s business world and managers must consider not only the economic results of their decisions but also the legal, ethical, moral, and social impact and repercussions of each of their decisions. Some multinational companies’ CSR activities even clearly represent applicability of CSR in sport management. The aim of this study was to do a critical comparative analysis, present the changes, alterations in the traditional company philosophy, objectsystem; then to define the concept of CSR, its importance in sport, finally to analyze some of the top 20 World Food & Beverage Companies’ (Coca-Cola, Danone, Nestle) CSR activities in sport management. Similarly to the whole economics – beside traditional theoretical tendencies, parallel to them and not developing them – a new kind of company theory concerning the long-term balance problems of the natural environment and society is being formed. Although the notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is prominent in some of the current discussions and investigations about the role of business in society, the concept – integrate social and environmental aspects in their business activity – is not new. According to the websites and sustainability reports of the international parent companies and domestic subsidiaries, we can say, that the companies show similarity at several points with regard to social responsibility within the field of sport management. However we must emphasize that we can find in the domestic practice fewer examples. In this case probably the media plays important role, which prefer the news of scandals such as CSR-related initiatives. In the public the companies’ CSR activities are even less known. Finally we can establish, that about the sport sponsorship the parent companies we have more information, their reports and websites are more transparency. In contracts, in the case of subsidiaries we can meet deficiencies.
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Lunev, S. I. „SOCIAL PROTEST IN INDIA“. MGIMO Review of International Relations, Nr. 4(43) (28.08.2015): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-198-207.
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Economic globalization creates unfavorable conditions for some countries and social groups while the situation in other countries and social is becoming worse. That is why social problems are on the rise worldwide. Thus, social protest became the major cause of the Arab spring is. Social wave overwhelmed Western Europe and the USA. The solution of social problems depends not on the political will of the elite, but on the activity of the population, as the ruling circles will not adopt a policy of self-restrictions and concessions to the majority without the hard push from the bottom. The peculiar feature of India is the general satisfaction of the society with the political system and economic situation. At the same time the protests against specific cases and events in the country mobilize hundreds of thousands of people, be it corruption scandals or violence against women. However, cultural- civilizational factors contribute to the non-violent character of almost all mass actions. Another distinctive feature of India is the desire of the organizers of the protest to reject support of the major parties due to the belief that political leaders are interested more in strengthening their social base rather than in solving the concrete problems. There are different categories of social protest in India: peasant movements; scheduled castes' (Dalits, the former untouchables) movements; anti-corruption movements; environmental movements; backward caste movements; women's movements; tribal movements; industrial proletariat movements; students' movements; middle class movements; human rights movements. The first four movements are currently the most noticeable. Social protest has not, so far, led to any serious political instability. However, a certain development of the situation can generate it, as well as the rejection of the mainly peaceful methods. In this respect, Dalit movements, especially in case of further erosion of the caste system, are the subject of the greatest concern.
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Coveney, John. „Food and trust in Australia: building a picture“. Public Health Nutrition 11, Nr. 3 (März 2008): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007000250.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore consumer trust in food, especially people’s experiences that support or diminish trust in the food supply; consumer practices to strengthen trust in food; and views on how trust in the food supply could be increased.SettingAdelaide, South Australia.DesignIn-depth qualitative research interviews and focus groups.SubjectsWomen and men who are primary food providers in families (n= 24).ResultsMedia coverage of food scares and scandals and personal experience of food-borne illness challenged respondents’ trust in the food system. Poor retail food handling practices and questionable marketing ploys by food manufacturers also decreased trust. Buying ‘Made-in-Australia’ produce and following food safety procedures at home were important practices to strengthen food trust. Knowledge of procedures for local food inspection and for national food regulation to keep food safe was scanty. Having a strong regulatory environment governing food safety and quality was considered by respondents to be of prime importance for trust building.DiscussionThe dimensions of trust found in this study are consistent with key theoretical aspects of trust. The need for trust in highly complex environments, in this case the food supply, was evident. Trust was found to be integral to food choice, and negative media reports, the sources of which themselves enjoy various levels of dependability, were found to easily damage trust relationships. The lack of visibility of authoritative monitoring and surveillance, misleading food advertising, and poor retail food handling practices were identified as areas that decreased consumer trust. Respondents also questioned the probity of food labelling, especially health claims and other mechanisms designed to guide food choice. The research highlights the role trust plays in food choice. It also emphasises the importance of a visible authoritative presence in the food system to strengthen trust and provide reassurance to consumers.
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Calvillo, Nerea. „Political airs: From monitoring to attuned sensing air pollution“. Social Studies of Science 48, Nr. 3 (Juni 2018): 372–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312718784656.
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In Madrid, as in many European cities, air pollution is known about and made accountable through techno-scientific monitoring processes based on data, and the toxicity of the air is defined through epidemiological studies and made political through policy. In 2009, Madrid’s City Council changed the location of its air quality monitoring stations without notice, reducing the average pollution of the city and therefore provoking a public scandal. This scandal challenged the monitoring process, as the data that used to be the evidence of pollution could not be relied on anymore. To identify the characteristics of some of the diverse forms of public’s participation that emerged, I route theories of environmental sensing from STS and feminist theory through the notion of attuned sensing. Reading environmental sensing through processes of attunement expands the ways in which toxicity can be sensed outside of quantitative data. This mode of sensing recognizes how the different spontaneous attunements to and with air pollution and the scandal acknowledged Madrid’s chemical infrastructure, rendering visible qualitative conditions of toxicity. This mode of sensing politicized the toxicity of the air not through management or policy making, nor only through established forms environmental activism, but through contagion and accumulation of the different forms of public participation. All together, they made air pollution a matter of public concern. They also redistributed the actors, practices and objects that make the toxicity not only knowable, but also accountable, and most importantly, they opened up spaces for citizen intervention.
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Cembalo, Luigi, Daniela Caso, Valentina Carfora, Francesco Caracciolo, Alessia Lombardi und Gianni Cicia. „The “Land of Fires” Toxic Waste Scandal and Its Effect on Consumer Food Choices“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 1 (08.01.2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010165.
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The present study focused on an environmental scandal that occurred in Italy, the Land of Fires toxic waste scandal, which caused consumer concerns related to the safety of food produced in the affected region, as well as massive market reduction in products associated with the polluted area. Based on a representative sample of Italian households (N = 1134), this study applied an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to analyze consumer purchases of regional food products after this environmental hazard. In addition to attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, the model included risk perception, trust, and actual purchases. Using a structural equation model, our results provided support to the hypothesis that consumer perceptions of risk negatively impacted their purchase behaviors and suggested that increasing Italians’ trust in government information could reduce their perceived risk and, consequently, increase their intention to purchase regional food.
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Rossabi, Morris. „Mongolia in 2019“. Asian Survey 60, Nr. 1 (Januar 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.1.41.
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In 2019, Mongolia sought to recover from a scandal over corruption that reached the highest levels of government. An ineffective Anti-Corruption Agency, as well as poverty and environmental degradation, plagued the economy. In contrast, Mongolia bolstered economic and diplomatic relations with Russia, China, Japan, and the West.
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Mårald, Erland. „The BT Kemi Scandal and the Establishment of the Environmental Crime Concept“. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 2, Nr. 2 (Januar 2001): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/140438501753737624.
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Sethi, Prakash. „The Wal-Mart affair – where implausible deniability is the coin of the realm“. Corporate Governance 14, Nr. 3 (27.05.2014): 424–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-10-2013-0112.
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Purpose – In the past more than three years, Wal-Mart has been embroiled in incidents of public scandals. In part, they pertain to Wal-Mart’s global strategy of growth and expansion, where the company’s senior managers have been implicated in using illegal bribery and corruption to secure business and to conceal this information from regulatory authorities. Another issue, albeit longer running, has been the incidents of fire and resulting deaths and injuries of hundreds of people, most notably in Bangladesh, but also in other countries where low-skill, low-wage manufacturing predominates, and where foreign multinationals have been accused of condoning and profiting from sweatshop-like exploitation of workers. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use Wal-Mart as a microcosm of corporate conduct which provides a prism through which to examine the exploitation of negative externalities, i.e. engaging in illegal and unethical behavior by using their bargaining power and market control these companies, pressure host countries to condone environmental degradation, violation of country laws in terms of wages, working conditions and operating in sweatshop-like conditions to maximize their profits at the expense of other factors of production, i.e. labor and resources. Findings – The authors contend that Wal-Mart’s unique business model, which focuses on everyday low price, absolute growth and market share expansion by any means possible and everyday low cost, has led to the company’s enormous success since its founding and has made it one of the world’s largest corporations by revenue. At the same time, this model seriously impedes the company’s ability to improve unit-based profit margins and thus forces it to take short cuts in achieving lateral growth and low-cost production. Social implications – The authors also examine in some detail the large gap that exists between Wal-Mart’s pronouncements of the company’s commitment to ethical and socially responsible conduct and its actual business practices. They demonstrate that the company’s communications and claims for ethical conduct are mostly aspirational and fail the test of accuracy, specificity, materiality and verifiability through independent, externally provided integrity assurance. Originality/value – Finally, the authors outline a number of measures that would need to be taken by Wal-Mart, industry groups that depend heavily on outsourcing from low-skill, low-wage countries for their products and host country governments and the governments of Western industrialized nations whose corporations and consumers are the primary beneficiaries of the exploitative sweatshops that fatten their companies’ bottom lines and enrich their denizens with ample amounts of inexpensive goods.
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Le Ster, Marine. „L’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo: du « scandale géologique » au scandale politique, économique, humanitaire…“. Cahiers d'Outre-Mer 64, Nr. 255 (01.07.2011): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/com.6341.
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