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Laflamme, André, und Roger J. Percy. „Sensitivity Mapping – With Flare! An Internet Approach to Environmental Mapping“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, Nr. 1 (01.04.2003): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-95.
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ABSTRACT During emergencies the ready availability of information on the location and vulnerability of resources at risk is crucial to a successful response and in preventing or minimizing further environmental impacts. Environment Canada, Atlantic Region, has developed over a number of years a computer based GIS mapping system for managing and analyzing environmental information. This stand-alone user friendly mapping application has recently moved to the web; allowing broader access by federal, provincial and industry partners in the spill response field. Enhancements have been made that facilitate better coordination and exchange of data among partners. It incorporates a unique shoreline classification system which can be viewed in concert with biological, human use and logistical data. It includes a spill logging function to manage situation reports, maps, resource summaries, photographs and trajectory model outputs. The system allows thematic layers to be displayed on either topographic maps or hydrographic charts and possesses links to other sites that allow real-time display of weather and ocean current data useful in a response. With an open architecture concept the web mapping system is readily modified; partners are able to digitize on-line and to update their own databases shared on the system. Mapped data for the northeastern United States is also included in the package to facilitate joint response to trans-boundary pollution incidents. Although this paper will highlight the unique features of the web mapping application for planning and responding to environmental emergencies, other partners are using the system for conducting environmental assessments, inland management projects, or planning for nuclear emergencies around the globe.
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Hughes, Kevin A., Peter Fretwell, Joanna Rae, Keith Holmes und Andrew Fleming. „Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource“. Antarctic Science 23, Nr. 6 (25.05.2011): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410201100037x.
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AbstractGlobally, areas categorically known to be free of human visitation are rare, but still exist in Antarctica. Such areas may be among the most pristine locations remaining on Earth and, therefore, be valuable as baselines for future comparisons with localities impacted by human activities, and as sites preserved for scientific research using increasingly sophisticated future technologies. Nevertheless, unvisited areas are becoming increasingly rare as the human footprint expands in Antarctica. Therefore, an understanding of historical and contemporary levels of visitation at locations across Antarctica is essential to a) estimate likely cumulative environmental impact, b) identify regions that may have been impacted by non-native species introductions, and c) inform the future designation of protected areas under the Antarctic Treaty System. Currently, records of Antarctic tourist visits exist, but little detailed information is readily available on the spatial and temporal distribution of national governmental programme activities in Antarctica. Here we describe methods to fulfil this need. Using information within field reports and archive and science databases pertaining to the activities of the United Kingdom as an illustration, we describe the history and trends in its operational footprint in the Antarctic Peninsula since c. 1944. Based on this illustration, we suggest that these methodologies could be applied productively more generally.
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Puli, Jayasri, und Srilalitha Sagi. „Competency mapping building a competent workforce through human resource information system“. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 43, Nr. 7 (03.10.2022): 1885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2022.2140261.
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Lavrenko, N. N. „Cartographical modelling of the ecological-resource potential of territory“. Geobotanical mapping, Nr. 1996 (1997): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/1996.53.
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The multifacetous scientific activity of Victor B. Sochava has found reflection in the numerous contributions-monographs and cartographical works issued by him and his pupils during the 70–80s. Now they are represent a base for development of modern trends of thematic mapping including ecological ones. Ecological mapping involves the spatial reflection of various natural and technogenic structures and their relationships. The cartographical modelling of territory potential is referred to this set of problems. Modelling in this aspect represents the désintégration of complex natural systems through classification and formalization into simple inner elements. Concerning the resources we have to bear in mind renewed and interconnected components of nature (forest, soil, water). This problem is subdivided into a number of tasks, namely: 1. determination of functions and characters of interconnected resources; 2. modelling of environmental and row material ecological functions of resources; 3. subdivision of space into territorial ecosystems; 4. classification, formalization, normalization and construction of the resource potential of ecosystems. System transformation of basic theoretical principles, formulated by V. Sochava, enables ecological map to design and to model various states of resource potential of territory. Solving the problem of cartographic modelling of ecological-resource potential of territory one have to seek for universal territorial ecosystem. Such unit is a drainage basin. The privilege to deal with ecosystem of water-drainage basin lays in possibility of limit determination, analysis of interconnected resources (forest, soil, water) by means of objective models or «black box» model. The new ideas appear: concrete drainage basin represents a spatialnon renewal recourse: results of management may be estimated on the ecosystem exit. At the same time theoretical and practical experience in the mapping of all nature environment and economy components can be applied to the drainage basin ecosystems.
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Sharma, Sanjeev, und Luxmi Malodia. „Competency mapping: Building a competent workforce through Competency-Based Human Resource Information System“. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 43, Nr. 7 (03.10.2022): 1749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2022.2128530.
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Franklin, Janet. „Predictive vegetation mapping: geographic modelling of biospatial patterns in relation to environmental gradients“. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 19, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1995): 474–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900403.
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Predictive vegetation mapping can be defined as predicting the geographic distribution of the vegetation composition across a landscape from mapped environmental variables. Comput erized predictive vegetation mapping is made possible by the availability of digital maps of topography and other environmental variables such as soils, geology and climate variables, and geographic information system software for manipulating these data. Especially important to predictive vegetation mapping are interpolated climatic variables related to physiological tolerances, and topographic variables, derived from digital elevation grids, related to site energy and moisture balance. Predictive vegetation mapping is founded in ecological niche theory and gradient analysis, and driven by the need to map vegetation patterns over large areas for resource conservation planning, and to predict the effects of environmental change on vegetation distributions. Predictive vegetation mapping has advanced over the past two decades especially in conjunction with the development of remote sensing-based vegetation mapping and digital geographic information analysis. A number of statistical and, more recently, machine-learning methods have been used to develop and implement predictive vegetation models.
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Cai, Tao, Jaap van de Beek, Jad Nasreddine, Marina Petrova und Petri Mähönen. „A TD-LTE Prototype System with Modules for General-Purpose Cognitive Resource Management and Radio-Environmental Mapping“. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 18, Nr. 3 (28.06.2011): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-011-0153-1.
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Hayes, Miles O., Jacqueline Michel, Jeffrey A. Dahlin und Kenneth Barton. „IDENTIFYING AND MAPPING SENSITIVE RESOURCES FOR INLAND AREA PLANNING“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, Nr. 1 (01.02.1995): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-365.
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ABSTRACT The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is required to evaluate oil storage facilities to determine (1) which should be defined as those that could cause “significant and substantial harm” to environmentally sensitive areas in the event of a release, and (2) the appropriateness of facility response plans in addressing potential environmental threats. Accordingly, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been assisting USEPA in developing guidelines, data structures, and maps for sensitive resource assessment using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The recommended approach for developing sensitivity maps and databases include a shoreline-habitat mapping technique used for estuarine, lacustrine, and large river settings. Shoreline type is mapped and ranked on a scale of 1 to 10, from least to most sensitive to oil spill impacts. A watershed approach is used to differentiate among small rivers and streams. Stream reaches are mapped according to a system that relates oil behavior and effects to stream characteristics, such as gradient, discharge, and water turbulence. Data on sensitive biological and human-use resources include both spatial and temporal components. The focus is on water-associated species, riparian vegetation, and all wetland types, not just threatened and endangered species. Standardized formats for hard copy maps and screen presentation will facilitate use by response organizations.
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R. Smith, Brittny, und Stuart J. Macdonald. „Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Variation in Drosophila Sleep Using a Multiparental QTL Mapping Resource“. Genes 11, Nr. 3 (11.03.2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030294.
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There is considerable variation in sleep duration, timing and quality in human populations, and sleep dysregulation has been implicated as a risk factor for a range of health problems. Human sleep traits are known to be regulated by genetic factors, but also by an array of environmental and social factors. These uncontrolled, non-genetic effects complicate powerful identification of the loci contributing to sleep directly in humans. The model system, Drosophila melanogaster, exhibits a behavior that shows the hallmarks of mammalian sleep, and here we use a multitiered approach, encompassing high-resolution QTL mapping, expression QTL data, and functional validation with RNAi to investigate the genetic basis of sleep under highly controlled environmental conditions. We measured a battery of sleep phenotypes in >750 genotypes derived from a multiparental mapping panel and identified several, modest-effect QTL contributing to natural variation for sleep. Merging sleep QTL data with a large head transcriptome eQTL mapping dataset from the same population allowed us to refine the list of plausible candidate causative sleep loci. This set includes genes with previously characterized effects on sleep and circadian rhythms, in addition to novel candidates. Finally, we employed adult, nervous system-specific RNAi on the Dopa decarboxylase, dyschronic, and timeless genes, finding significant effects on sleep phenotypes for all three. The genes we resolve are strong candidates to harbor causative, regulatory variation contributing to sleep.
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Hu, Zhixi, Yi Zhu, Xiaoying Chen und Yu Zhao. „Safety Verification of Driving Resource Occupancy Rules Based on Functional Language“. Future Internet 14, Nr. 2 (17.02.2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14020060.
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Autonomous driving is a safety-critical system, and the occupancy of its environmental resources affects the safety of autonomous driving. In view of the lack of safety verification of environmental resource occupation rules in autonomous driving, this paper proposes a verification method of automatic driving model based on functional language through CSPM. Firstly, the modeling and verification framework of an autopilot model based on CSPM is given. Secondly, the process algebra definition of CSPM is given. Thirdly, the typical single loop environment model in automatic driving is abstracted, and the mapping method from automatic driving model to CSP is described in detail for the automatic driving environment and the typical collision, overtaking, lane change and other scenes involved. Finally, the autopilot model of the single loop is mapped to CSPM, and the application effect of this method is discussed by using FDR tool. Experiments show that this method can verify the safety of autonomous driving resources, thereby improving the reliability of the autonomous driving model.
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Beccarello, Masimo, und Giacomo Di Foggia. „A Circularity Mapping Framework for Urban Policymaking“. Journal of Politics and Law 16, Nr. 1 (14.12.2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v16n1p11.
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In the context of urban policies, the circular economy can represent a virtuous model of sustainable and efficient management of resources and services for citizens, generating value for the community. Local policymakers play a central role in accelerating the circular economy transition, given that they organize and manage services that can significantly contribute to urban resilience. For policies to be properly designed, tools aimed at supporting territorial planning are needed to direct local policy towards choices that favor the circular economy and the resilience of cities. Among these urban planning tools, it is particularly important to have dashboards of comparative data on the degree of implementation of the circular economy. This paper provides a circularity mapping framework to map the degree of circularity and identify cities' strengths and weaknesses to design policies accordingly using a data-driven approach. Using a circular economy model based on 5 circular economy pillars, we identified 28 variables and assigned them to each of the pillars according to the variable's scope: sustainable inputs, social sharing, Product as a service, environmental policies, and resource efficiency. Both partial scores based on the five circular economy pillars, and a circularity index are provided for benchmarking and positioning analysis. Since urban life's environmental, economic, and social aspects are intertwined, only an integrated strategy can result in successful urban sustainable development. The paper supports policymakers in creating the conditions for efficient production and consumption markets and resource management systems while designing incentives and communications to citizens to support bottom-up initiatives and encourage virtuous behavior.
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Calderon, Margaret, Nathaniel Bantayan, Josefina Dizon, Asa Jose Sajise, Analyn Codilan und Myranel Canceran. „Community-Based Resource Assessment and Management Planning for the Rice Terraces of Hungduan, Ifugao, Philippines“. Journal of Environmental Science and Management 18, Nr. 1 (30.06.2015): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2015_1/05.
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This study describes how the use of community-based participatory approaches and the Ifugaos’ indigenous knowledge system (IKS) were harnessed in the conduct of resource and damage assessment, mapping, and the preparation of management plans for four clusters corresponding to four subwatersheds in Hungduan, Ifugao, Philippines.The Ifugaos’ indigenous knowledge was evident in the identification of the ownership and location of terraces and woodlots, and the use of natural landmarks and boundaries in locating properties, sitios and barangays on maps. Their IKS was complemented with trainings to build capacities on resource assessment such as the use of satellite-based navigation and positioning system, survey instruments, and grid-based assessment and in developing management plans.The community-based resource assessment estimated the total areas of rice terraces in Clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4 to be 623 ha, 631 ha, 1,171 ha and 637 ha, respectively, while the damaged terraces ranged from 13% to a maximum of 20%. Abandoned terraces were found to be minimal. Outputs in the form of management plans were the product of the interaction of the different farmer groups and the available resources, strategies and achievable recommendations for the sustainability and protection of their rice terraces.Complementing indigenous knowledge with science and recent research techniques is effective in generating reliable information needed in the development of management plans for the conservation and protection of natural resources.
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Wischmann, Steve, Lome Thomas und Jim Gynther. „Developing a Technological Tool for Managing Complex Environmental Incidents1“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, Nr. 1 (01.03.1999): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-839.
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ABSTRACT This paper will discuss the U.S. Coast Guard's response to the need for technological solutions to the incident management challenges posed by oil spills and hazardous material releases. Additionally, this paper will examine some of the difficulties presented by technology itself; that is to say, technological tools come with both implicit and explicit ramifications that must be understood and overcome in order to fully harness the potential contained within such capabilities. With the advent of both the public and Congress demanding increasingly effective spill response and fiscal conservancy, the Coast Guard has sought technological innovations to enhance its ability to coordinate and manage complex, multi-agency response operations. Through the development of the On-Scene Command and Control (OSC2) system, the Coast Guard intends to bring the potential leverage of computer-based technology to the Incident Command System (ICS) by harnessing the advantages of large-screen display, relational databases, and a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping response resources and activities. The decision-support and resource tracking advantages produced by OSC2 are expected to contribute mightily to improve performance within the Unified Command/ICS organization. However, the challenges posed by the implementation of OSC2 cannot be ignored. Factors ranging from human resource inhibitions and training requirements to blending individual technical components into a seamless whole must be considered when technological tools are designed, developed, and employed. Technology is not inherently good or bad, but remains always contextual—it is dependent on the intervening factors introduced by the human condition in which it is imagined and then utilized. This paper will discuss these issues and describe the key elements in achieving the success of OSC2 as one of the Coast Guard's spill response management tools.
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CAHYANINGTIYAS, IMAS, INDAYATI LANYA und NI MADE TRIGUNASIH. „Aplikasi Remote Sensing dan Geographics Information System untuk Menunjang Database LP2B dan Agrowisata di Subak Sembung Kecamatan Denpasar Utara“. Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 11, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2021.v11.i01.p09.
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The Application of Remote Sensing and Geographics Information System for database SLA and Agrotourism in Subak Sembung, North Denpasar District. The Regional Spatial Plan (SP) of Denpasar City has designated Subak Sembung as an Agroecotourism Area. Subak Sembung is highly recommended as Sustainable Food Agriculture (SFAL). The determination of the SFAL area requires a geospatial-based agricultural land resource database. The goal is to compile a remote sensing-based SFAL database and Geographical Information System (GIS). Methods of visual analysis of satellite images, field surveys, thematic mapping, and land ownership as well as evaluation of existing agro-ecotourism conditions, especially Sapta Pesona. The conclusion of this study: the Subak Sembung resource potential database (land resources ( LR), artificial resources ( AR), Agricultural Resources, (AgR), Human Resources (HR) and land ownership) is classified as good, equipped with a geospatial-based thematic map of wetland ownership, worthy of being designated as SFAL. Owner farmers 57.24%, cultivators 42.76%. The average age of farmers is 52 years, with elementary school education. The potential of agro-tourism destinations is good, there are two entrances to the jogging tract from the main road, industry, promotion and institutions that still need to be improved to increase the attractiveness of agro-tourism.
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Margienė, Asta, Simona Ramanauskaitė, Justas Nugaras, Pavel Stefanovič und Antanas Čenys. „Competency-Based E-Learning Systems: Automated Integration of User Competency Portfolio“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 24 (09.12.2022): 16544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416544.
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In today’s learning environment, e-learning systems are becoming a necessity. A competency-based student portfolio system is also gaining popularity. Due to the variety of e-learning systems and the increasing mobility of students between different learning institutions or e-learning systems, a higher level of automated competency portfolio integration is required. Increasing mobility and complexity makes manual mapping of student competencies unsustainable. The purpose of this paper is to automate the mapping of e-learning system competencies with student-gained competencies from other systems. Natural language processing, text similarity estimation, and fuzzy logic applications were used to implement the automated mapping process. Multiple cases have been tested to determine the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The solution has been shown to be able to accurately predict the coverage of system course competency by students’ course competency with an accuracy of approximately 77%. As it is not possible to achieve 100% mapping accuracy, the competency mapping should be executed semi-automatically by applying the proposed solution to obtain the initial mapping, and then manually revising the results as necessary. When compared to a fully manual mapping of competencies, it reduces workload and increases resource sustainability.
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Baker, Philip, und Christine Rowe. „ELECTRONIC DESKTOP MAPPING: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY ATLASES OF THE GREAT LAKES“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, Nr. 1 (01.02.1995): 855A—855. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-855a.
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ABSTRACT Environmental sensitivity atlases of the Canadian shorelines of Lake Superior, Lake Ontario, and Lake Huron have been completed in digital (desktop geographic information system) and paper formats for use in responses to spills of oil and other hazardous materials. These atlases allow responders to work from a common basis to rapidly identify the resources at risk during a spill and their relative priorities for protection and cleanup.
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Tappan, Taylor A., und Peter H. Herlihy. „Mapping Miskitu subsistence land use change in Concejo Territorial Katainasta, Honduras“. Revista Geográfica de América Central 3, Nr. 61E (26.11.2018): 609–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.61-3.33.
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Understanding the large-scale spatial patterns of natural resource use in indigenous homelands is critical for guaranteeing indigenous peoples’ ancestral land rights, designing effective conservation policies, and promoting good governance in Central America. However, few studies have mapped the diachronic distribution of indigenous communities’ resource use in these areas. Here we present a case study describing the spatial functionality of the Concejo Territorial Katainasta (CTK)--the first indigenous territorial jurisdiction in Honduras to receive an intercommunity land title. Two participatory research mapping (PRM) studies--the first in 1992 and the second in 2014-15--mapped the spatial patterns of Miskitu subsistence activities in CTK. The results were subsequently converted into a geographic information system (GIS) that allowed for spatial and temporal comparisons of Miskitu subsistence livelihoods in CTK before and after the titling process. Here we focus on the spatial parameters of three Miskitu subsistence livelihoods: agriculture, hunting and fishing. Analysis of results suggests that 1) the 2014-15 subsistence use areas for Miskitu communities in CTK have not diverged dramatically from those of the 1992 study, and 2) the new legal boundaries of CTK adequately encompass the subsistence use areas of its constituent communities and recognize the historical overlaps in Miskitu resource use and tenure patterns.
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Hunter, Jane, Peter Becker, Abdulmonem Alabri, Catharine van Ingen und Eva Abal. „Using Ontologies to Relate Resource Management Actions to Environmental Monitoring Data in South East Queensland“. International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 2, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaeis.2011010101.
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The Health-e-Waterways Project is a multi-disciplinary collaboration between the University of Queensland, Microsoft Research and the South East Queensland Healthy Waterways Partnership (SEQ-HWP). This project develops the underlying technological framework and set of services to enable streamlined access to the expanding collection of real-time, near-real-time and static datasets related to water resource management in South East Queensland. More specifically, the system enables water resource managers to access the datasets being captured by the various agencies participating in the SEQ HWP Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP). It also provides online access to the statistical data processing tools that enable users to analyse the data and generate online ecosystem report cards dynamically via a Web mapping interface. The authors examine the development of ontologies and semantic querying tools to integrate disparate datasets and relate management actions to water quality indicators for specific regions and periods. This semantic data integration approach enables scientists and resource managers to identify which actions are having an impact on which parameters and adapt the management strategies accordingly. This paper provides an overview of the semantic technologies developed to underpin the adaptive management framework that is the central philosophy behind the SEQ HWP.
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Jødestøl, Kjell Andreas, Bjørge Fredheim, Espen Edward Hoell, Sami Wakili, Jan Erik Vinnem, Arne Uno Myhrvold, Jon Rytter Hasle und Gina Ytterborg. „Achieving an Industry Standard in the Assessment of Environmental Risk: Oil Spill Risk Management and the Mira Method“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, Nr. 1 (01.03.2001): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-155.
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ABSTRACT A quantitative approach to assess environmental risks from offshore petroleum activities is developed in this paper. Taking into account both reservoir- and project-specific data, different kinds of oil spill scenarios are analyzed. Oil characteristics and weathering properties are incorporated in a standardized geographical information system (GIS)-based oil spill modeling system, simulating oil trajectories based on wind and current data. Mapping of environmental resources is combined with a sensitivity evaluation and protection value classification. Nationally accepted criteria in Norway for identification of valued ecosystem components (VECs) are adopted to select a limited number of high priority risk indicators. Oil spill statistics are combined with occurrences of VEC resources on a seasonal basis. Oil pollution effect and damage keys have been established based on past oil spill incidents and scientific documentation. Impact assessments are based on available specific resource data and provide results related to the recovery potential of each resource component included. The recovery time is adopted as a general stand-alone parameter that allows classification of severity and ecological significance of acute oil pollution incidents. Quantitative risk results are used to describe and rank environmental risks issued from different sources and scenarios, covering different seasons and activity plans. The ranking also is used to identify high priority resources and geographic areas for contingency actions. The variability in presence and vulnerability of natural resources gives the operator the possibility of adjusting activity plans according to the time-window providing the lowest environmental risk. Contingency plans can be designed for and focused on periods or geographic areas with increased risk. The results are further used in combination with oil spill statistics to determine specific requirements for oil spill contingency systems. Requirements for key factors—such as response time, equipment, functional capability, and efficiency with respect to weather, oil type, and oil quantity—also are established. The overall efficiency of contingency systems is assessed and the risk reanalyzed to identify the potential for risk reduction. Further developments are proposed advising that risk reduction should be considered in combination with costs involved in investments, maintenance and exercises, as well as real combat action costs and compensation costs. Cost-benefit could then be assessed for different contingency arrangements, providing a basis for selection of optimal solutions for contingency systems according to the ALARP principle—“as low as reasonably practicable”—where costs of countermeasures are weighted against potential risk reduction.
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Ayele, Gebiaw T., Aschalew K. Tebeje, Solomon S. Demissie, Mulugeta A. Belete, Mengistu A. Jemberrie, Wondie M. Teshome, Dereje T. Mengistu und Engidasew Z. Teshale. „Time Series Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection Analysis Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing, Northern Ethiopia“. Air, Soil and Water Research 11 (01.01.2018): 117862211775160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622117751603.
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Land use planners require up-to-date and spatially accurate time series land resources information and changing pattern for future management. As a result, assessing the status of land cover change due to population growth and arable expansion, land degradation and poor resource management, partial implementation of policy strategies, and poorly planned infrastructural development is essential. Thus, the objective of the study was to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use land cover change between 1995 and 2014 using 5 multi-temporal cloud-free Landsat Thematic Mapper images. The maximum likelihood (ML)-supervised classification technique was applied to create signature classes for significant land cover categories using means and variances of the training data to estimate the probability that a pixel is a member of a class. The final Bayesian ML classification resulted in 12 major land cover units, and the spatiotemporal change was quantified using post-classification and statistical change detection techniques. For a period of 20 years, there was a continuously increasing demand for arable areas, which can be represented by an exponential growth model. Excepting the year 2009, the built-up area has shown a steady increase due to population growth and its need for infrastructure development. There was nearly a constant trend for water bodies with a change in slope significantly less than +0.01%. The 2014 land cover change statistics revealed that the area was mainly covered by cultivated, wood, bush, shrub, grass, and forest land mapping units accounting nearly 63%, 12%, 8%, 6%, 4%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Land cover change with agro-climatic zones, soil types, and slope classes was common in most part of the area and the conversion of grazing land into plantation trees and closure area development were major changes in the past 20 years.
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Singh, Saravjeet, Jaiteg Singh, Babar Shah, Sukhjit Singh Sehra und Farman Ali. „Augmented Reality and GPS-Based Resource Efficient Navigation System for Outdoor Environments: Integrating Device Camera, Sensors, and Storage“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 19 (06.10.2022): 12720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912720.
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Contemporary navigation systems rely upon localisation accuracy and humongous spatial data for navigational assistance. Such spatial-data sources may have access restrictions or quality issues and require massive storage space. Affordable high-performance mobile consumer hardware and smart software have resulted in the popularity of AR and VR technologies. These technologies can help to develop sustainable devices for navigation. This paper introduces a robust, memory-efficient, augmented-reality-based navigation system for outdoor environments using crowdsourced spatial data, a device camera, and mapping algorithms. The proposed system unifies the basic map information, points of interest, and individual GPS trajectories of moving entities to generate and render the mapping information. This system can perform map localisation, pathfinding, and visualisation using a low-power mobile device. A case study was undertaken to evaluate the proposed system. It was observed that the proposed system resulted in a 29 percent decrease in CPU load and a 35 percent drop in memory requirements. As spatial information was stored as comma-separated values, it required almost negligible storage space compared to traditional spatial databases. The proposed navigation system attained a maximum accuracy of 99 percent with a root mean square error value of 0.113 and a minimum accuracy of 96 percent with a corresponding root mean square value of 0.17.
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Aminpour, Payam, Heike Schwermer und Steven Gray. „Do social identity and cognitive diversity correlate in environmental stakeholders? A novel approach to measuring cognitive distance within and between groups“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 11 (04.11.2021): e0244907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244907.
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Groups with higher cognitive diversity, i.e. variations in how people think and solve problems, are thought to contribute to improved performance in complex problem-solving. However, embracing or even engineering adequate cognitive diversity is not straightforward and may even jeopardize social inclusion. In response, those that want to promote cognitive diversity might make a simplified assumption that there exists a link between identity diversity, i.e. range of social characteristics, and variations in how people perceive and solve problems. If this assumption holds true, incorporating diverse identities may concurrently achieve cognitive diversity to the extent essential for complex problem-solving, while social inclusion is explicitly acknowledged. However, currently there is a lack of empirical evidence to support this hypothesis in the context of complex social-ecological systems—a system wherein human and environmental dimensions are interdependent, where common-pool resources are used or managed by multiple types of stakeholders. Using a fisheries example, we examine the relationship between resource stakeholders’ identities and their cognitive diversity. We used cognitive mapping techniques in conjunction with network analysis to measure cognitive distances within and between stakeholders of various social types (i.e., identities). Our results empirically show that groups with higher identity diversity also demonstrate more cognitive diversity, evidenced by disparate characteristics of their cognitive maps that represent their understanding of fishery dynamics. These findings have important implications for sustainable management of common-pool resources, where the inclusion of diverse stakeholders is routine, while our study shows it may also achieve higher cognitive coverage that can potentially lead to more complete, accurate, and innovative understanding of complex resource dynamics.
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Koinig, Gerald, Elias Grath, Chiara Barretta, Karl Friedrich, Daniel Vollprecht und Gernot Oreski. „Lifecycle Assessment for Recycling Processes of Monolayer and Multilayer Films: A Comparison“. Polymers 14, Nr. 17 (01.09.2022): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173620.
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This work covers a lifecycle assessment of monolayer and multilayer films to quantify the environmental impacts of changing the management of plastic film waste. This lifecycle assessment offers the possibility of quantifying the environmental impacts of processes along the lifecycle of monolayer and multilayer films and mapping deviating impacts due to changed process parameters. Based on the status quo, the changes in global warming potential and abiotic fossil resource depletion were calculated in different scenarios. The changes included collecting, sorting, and recycling mono- and multilayer films. The “Functional Unit” under consideration comprised 1000 kg of plastic film waste, generated as post-consumer waste in Austria and captured in the lightweight packaging collection system. The results showed the reduction of environmental impacts over product lifecycles by improving waste management and creating a circular economy. Recycling all plastic film reduced global warming potential by 90% and abiotic fossil resource consumption by 93%. The necessary optimisation steps to meet the politically required recycling rates by 2025 and 2030 could be estimated, and the caused environmental impacts are presented. This work shows the need for increased collection, recycling, and significant improvement in the sorting of films to minimise global warming potential and resource consumption.
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Rosenthal, KM, CR Ahern und RS Cormack. „WARIS - a computer based storage and retrieval system for soils and related data“. Soil Research 24, Nr. 4 (1986): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860441.
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An interactive computer system for the storage, retrieval and manipulation of soil profile data is described. The input data to the system can be in any format designated by the user provided it satisfies a few simple guidelines. The system is flexible enough to answer a wide range of user enquiries. Over the years it has developed into a general-purpose resource information system for processing 'point and profile' data which is economical and easy to use. It is particularly suitable for soil, vegetation and land resource surveys, as it can easily handle data for a number of depths per site. The programs can be used to retrieve, sort, manipulate and decode morphological data recorded according to the Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook. These profile data can be linked to laboratory data and displayed either as a complete decoded description for each site, or as tables, graphs, and frequency distributions of selected characteristics by soil groups or mapping units. All programs are written in Fortran-77 and hence are reasonably easy to port to other computers.
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Herman-Mercer, Nicole M., Melinda Laituri, Maggie Massey, Elli Matkin, Ryan Toohey, Kelly Elder, Paul F. Schuster und Edda Mutter. „Vulnerability of Subsistence Systems Due to Social and Environmental Change: A Case Study in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska“. ARCTIC 72, Nr. 3 (09.09.2019): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic68867.
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Arctic Indigenous communities have been classified as highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The remoteness of Arctic communities, their dependence upon local species and habitats, and the historical marginalization of Indigenous peoples enhances this characterization of vulnerability. However, vulnerability is a result of diverse historical, social, economic, political, cultural, institutional, natural resource, and environmental conditions and processes and is not easily reduced to a single metric. Furthermore, despite the widespread characterization of vulnerability, Arctic Indigenous communities are extremely resilient as evidenced by subsistence institutions that have been developed over thousands of years. We explored the vulnerability of subsistence systems in the Cup’ik village of Chevak and Yup’ik village of Kotlik through the lens of the strong seasonal dimensions of resource availability. In the context of subsistence harvesting in Alaska Native villages, vulnerability may be determined by analyzing the exposure of subsistence resources to climate change impacts, the sensitivity of a community to those impacts, and the capacity of subsistence institutions to absorb these impacts. Subsistence resources, their seasonality, and perceived impacts to these resources were investigated via semi-structured interviews and participatory mapping-calendar workshops. Results suggest that while these communities are experiencing disproportionate impacts of climate change, Indigenous ingenuity and adaptability provide an avenue for culturally appropriate adaptation strategies. However, despite this capacity for resiliency, rapid socio-cultural changes have the potential to be a barrier to community adaptation and the recent, ongoing shifts in seasonal weather patterns may make seasonally specific subsistence adaptations to landscape particularly vulnerable.
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Lou, Jiale, und Lingling Li. „Dynamic Economic Environmental Dispatch of Power System Using An Improved Whale Algorithm“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2409, Nr. 1 (01.12.2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2409/1/012017.
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Abstract With the global energy crisis and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, the construction of a new power system containing multiple renewable energy sources for power generation has become a current research direction. In this study, a dynamic economic environmental dispatch model for power systems containing wind and thermal power generation is proposed to promote renewable energy consumption while ensuring system power balance. Firstly, a comprehensive objective function that integrates system operating costs and pollutant emission targets is established, and system active balance constraints and unit output constraints are considered. Secondly, an improved whale optimization algorithm is proposed to deal with the solution problem of the dynamic economic environmental dispatch model by introducing circle chaos mapping, dynamic sine cosine factor, and polynomial variation strategy. Finally, the optimization capability of the proposed model is verified by running a unit test system. The proposed model promotes the consumption and utilization of wind and photovoltaic resources and positively impacts achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
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Dai, Fanye. „Analysis of Surveying and Mapping Method of Landownership and Environmental Resources Confirmation Based on GPS Technology“. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (31.08.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8417692.
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The establishment of the agricultural and forestry land management information system is predicated on the acquisition of spatial positioning data of agricultural and forestry land, i.e., the surveying and mapping of agricultural and forestry land. It also serves as the central component of the overall management information system. It is necessary to find solutions to the issues of large plot areas and far-reaching boundary lines in light of the current situation of land right confirmation. With its high efficiency, the use of GPS technology for land right confirmation can not only increase work productivity and speed up construction but also lower operating costs. The method of confirming landownership through surveying and mapping is studied in this paper using GPS technology. With respect to various land types, various classification methods have varying degrees of classification accuracy. This method is one of the three algorithms that classify green land, which includes grassland, cultivated land, and forest land; however, it does not clearly distinguish between forest land and grassland, with forest land having an average classification accuracy of 58.69 percent. The average accuracy of classifying forest land is 73.14 percent. The classification accuracy of forest land using this method is 88.45 percent, which is a relatively high percentage. It can be seen that this method is more accurate in identifying minute differences between ground objects. This is demonstrated by comparing the accuracy of forest land classification with that of other methods. A lot of surveying and mapping work has been done on the assumption that urban control networks have been established in many cities. The most ideal option is to combine GPS technology with high-precision photogrammetry.
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Beyene, Fekadu. „Natural Resource Conflict Analysis among Pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia“. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 12, Nr. 1 (April 2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2017.1284605.
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This paper examines resource-related conflict among pastoralists in southern Ethiopia, specifically the Somali and Oromo ethnic groups. It applies theories of property rights, environmental security and political ecology to discuss the complexity of the conflict, using narrative analysis and conflict mapping. Results reveal that the conflict results from interrelated cultural, ecological and political factors. The systems of governance, including the setting up of regions on an ethnic basis and associated competition for land and control of water-points, have contributed to violent conflict between the two ethnic groups. The creation of new administrative units (kebeles) close to regional boundaries has exacerbated the conflict. Moreover, change in land use, prompted by insecure property rights to communal land, rather than expected increase in economic benefits has caused conflicts among the clans of the Oromo. The findings suggest Ethiopian authorities support the functioning of traditional access options, successful operation of customary courts and penalising opportunistic actors to address inter-ethnic conflicts. Applying land use and administration guidelines and empowering customary authorities would reduce the incidence of inter-clan conflict.
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Yehorova, T. „Mapping of the agrolandscapes in the system of balanced environmental management on the agricultural activity land“. Balanced nature using, Nr. 4 (28.10.2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2021.253090.
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There are show regularites of the complex influence of agricultural activity on the ecological problems of natural resources of Ukraine. The relationship between agro-landscape mapping and the choice of areas of sustainable environmental management is indiating. Integrated landscape planning in the countries of the European Union is principle different from the rational use of nature in the field of crop production in Ukraine. The aim of the research is to highlight key practical issues of agrolandscape mapping as a basis for their environmental assessment and forecasting of sustainable environmental management measures to prevent land erosion and groundwater pollution. We determined the main stages of mapping of agrolandscapes, of their complex ecological ranking and assessment. The taxonomy scheme of naturalanthropogenic factors of formation of agroecological features the lands of the Pravobereshnogo Lisosteppu of Ukraine is developed. We described structures of wide-speap landscapes of agricultural lands, natural and residential areas. We are proposing the system of quantitative-qualitative indication parameters of agrolandscapes as a basis of comprehensive assessment the levels of danger of degradation of land and groundwater pollution. Expert assessments of these environmental problems are calculated for conditions of the 13 agrolandscapes, 7 natural and 3 anthropogenic landscapes. It is establishing that the ecological danger of the land erosion can reach the highest estimates both within the agrolandscapes of arable lands (17–18 balls) and forests landscapes (19 balls). High riskes of groundwater pollution is characteristic of the landscapes residential (18–20 balls) and natural of river’s floodplains (18–21 balls). We are differenting the considered landscapes into 4 categories according to the levels of dangers of two ecological problems. There are proposed diverse territorian models of balanced environmental management which accord peculiarites of dangers those ecological problems. We are presente the fragment of the small-scale map of the directions of balanced environmental management in central part the Pravobereshnogo Lisostepu of Ukraine.
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Pettit, Don J., Steven M. Jett und Jeff Christensen. „New Tools Simplify Oil Spill Response Mapping in Oregon and Highlight the Need for National Standards“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2011, Nr. 1 (01.03.2011): abs123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-123.
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ABSTRACT: The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) was an early leader in developing some of the first Oil Spill Response Plans in the Pacific Northwest, dating back to the mid-1970s. Early work culminated in the development of Geographic Response Plans (GRPs) for the Oregon Coast and major estuary systems. However, since their development in the mid-1990s, the GRPs have not been significantly updated due to a lack of resources to overcome technological hurdles and shortages of field and office personnel. Additionally, the collection of natural resource data used for plan development has lagged in Oregon. Improvements in GIS technology have made it possible for Oregon to create a state-wide platform for emergency response information (the Oregon Incident Response Information System or OR-IRIS), which can also serve as an information base for the development and revision of GRPs. With the ESRI file geodatabase as the repository for useful legacy data and newly collected geographic information, the process to create and maintain GRPs has been substantially simplified, and the required resources have been reduced. However, with these changes in the ability to store large amounts of data comes the need to organize and streamline output. The Deepwater Horizon Spill presented a unique challenge to quickly gather, process and utilize vast amounts of geographic data to satisfy response planning needs within the Gulf of Mexico response, and highlighted the need for coordinated and organized GIS services to responders. The time is now to develop regional or national GRP production templates utilizing a common spatial database structure and common map symbology, thus assuring that incident mapping needs are able to be met when a large spill such as a Spill of National Significance, or a spill which crosses state boundaries, draws multi-agency, multi-state or regional personnel to a response.
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Qing, Feng, Xiaohuan Liu, Zhaoyong Jiang und Shaoda Li. „Assessment of energy strategy pressure based on geographical information system“. Energy & Environment 31, Nr. 6 (04.11.2019): 1031–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19882416.
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Many studies have used geographical information system tools on a small scale for the analysis of energy potential, energy planning, and energy consumption, but there has been no example of the use of geographical information system tools to study large-scale pressures on energy strategies. This paper presents an analysis and assessment of energy strategy pressure for most countries worldwide using geographical information system mapping techniques. The research first presents an index system and a model for the evaluation of energy strategy pressure. Then, with the aid of geographical information system tools, an analysis and an evaluation of global energy strategy pressure are carried out. The factors that influence the development of energy strategies together constitute the energy strategy pressure index system: these include economic, environmental, resource, science and technology, security, and spatial pressure factors. For each pressure factor, a number of indicators are considered. The spatial distribution of the global energy strategy pressure index is dominated by band-like features, which are consistent with the global distribution of population and cities, the map of the continents and the Chinese Belt and Road proposals.
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Tulokhonov, Arnold, Don Suochen, Endon Garmaev, Victor Plyusnin, Igor Vladimirov, Alexandr Batuev, Boris Voronov und Andrey Beshentsev. „Atlas of Sustainable Development of North Asia in the context of the project “One Belt, One Road”“. InterCarto. InterGIS 26, Nr. 1 (2020): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-352-360.
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The article presents the project of creating the Atlas of Sustainable Development of North Asia as a fundamental cartographic work that provides integrated mapping of the territory to increase the efficiency of socio-economic development processes and the region’s competitiveness in the global economic system. The main geopolitical aspect of the Atlas is a reflection of the China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative. A system of territorial-administrative levels and a large-scale series for mapping the natural, social and economic processes of the studied territory, including state, administrative, municipal and local spatial levels, have been developed. The technological basis of the Atlas is the problem-oriented GIS of sustainable development of North Asia. The spatial base of the GIS is the topographic base on a scale of 1 : 1 000 000, created on the basis of digital and analog materials of Roscartography, cartographic services of Mongolia and China. The thematic basis of GIS and Atlas maps is the vector layer “territorial-administrative division of North Asia”. The informational basis of GIS is the Bank of socio-economic data, which includes databases on economics, demography and agriculture. Databases are formed on the basis of state statistics of the three countries according to the developed system of unified indicators of natural, social and economic dynamics. The GIS telecommunication module is a cartographic service on the open “Geonode” platform, through which access to GIS materials is organized. The structure of the Atlas is proposed from 7 blocks — introductory and 6 thematic: the natural conditions of sustainable development; resource factors of sustainable development; socio-economic factors of sustainable development; environmental transformation; medical and environmental situation; environmental protection.
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Blackford, Christopher, Brandon Heung, Ken Baldwin, Robert L. Fleming, Paul W. Hazlett, Dave M. Morris, Peter W. C. Uhlig und Kara L. Webster. „Digital soil mapping workflow for forest resource applications: a case study in the Hearst Forest, Ontario“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0066.
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Accurate soil information is critically important for forest management planning and operations but is challenging to map. Digital soil mapping (DSM) improves upon the limitations of conventional soil mapping by explicitly linking a variety of environmental data layers to spatial soil point data sets to continuously predict soil variability across a landscape. Thus far, much DSM research has focussed on the development of ultrafine-resolution soil maps within agricultural systems; however, increasing availability of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data presents new opportunities to apply DSM to support forest resource applications at multiple scales. This project describes a DSM workflow using LiDAR-derived elevation data and machine learning models (MLMs) to predict key forest soil attributes. A case study in the Hearst Forest in northeastern Ontario, Canada, is used to illustrate the workflow. We applied multiple MLMs to the Hearst Forest to predict soil moisture regime and textural class. Both qualitative and quantitative assessment pointed to the random forest MLM producing the best maps (63% accuracy for moisture regime and 66% accuracy for textural class). Where error occurred, soils were typically misclassified to neighbouring classes. This standardized, flexible workflow is a valuable tool for practitioners that want to undertake DSM as part of forest resource management and planning.
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Menon, Geetha, und Shital Gharge. „Mapping of the urban tree population in gardens of Ulhasnagar, District Thane, Maharashtra using Geographic information system (GIS)“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, Nr. 3 (15.09.2021): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i3.2736.
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Urban trees today are a crucial component that defines the healthy and liveable environment of a city. A city’s database includes streets, building, footprints, overhead and underground utilities, workforce areas, pest/disease quarantine zones, parks, and pending development areas in addition to the tree database such as tree location, species, diameter at breast height (DBH), and canopy width. The present study aimed at mapping the tree population of some selected gardens and parks in Ulhasnagar using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS is an integrated system of computer hardware, software, data and trained personnel for analyzing and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS-based map shows the location for each tree species found in the selected 12 gardens of Ulhasnagar. Green colour represents dense green canopy represented by the above-ground biomass, and yellow represents moderate, while red indicates scarce or limited above-ground biomass. The green colour actually represents the volume of biomass and not the density or the number of trees and shows the concentration of carbon pools in the study area. Updating data in GIS is much more cost-efficient and less time consuming than having to redraw maps manually. Urban foresters and urban planners can work together using GIS for better management of this resource. This study is one of the pioneering footsteps towards appreciative resources and thus enabling the researchers in developing an appropriate management strategy. The data will help us to analyze and interpret better and eventually conceptualize the above-ground biomass in the entire area of gardens.
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Gubanov, Mikhail, Tatiana Nokelaynen und Ilia Rilskiy. „Mapping of hydrocarbons pipeline transportation in the Arctic Region of Russia“. InterCarto. InterGIS 26, Nr. 1 (2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-105-115.
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Pipeline transport plays a key role in the infrastructure of the oil and gas complex in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It is the most efficient type of hydrocarbon transportation and currently dominates in terms of freight traffic in the Russian Arctic. Among the shortcomings of this type of transport, one can single out a very high cost of investment in construction, as well as the threat of damage to the nature of the region. An alternative option for transporting hydrocarbons produced in the Arctic region of Russia is the export of oil, liquefied gas and gas condensate by sea tankers. To solve a number of problems that have arisen during the exploitation of the Arctic hydrocarbon resources, spatial analysis and an integrated cartographic assessment of the current transport situation are necessary. As a result of the research, a series of thematic maps of the transport infrastructure of the oil and gas complex of the Russian Arctic was created (scale 1 : 20 000 000). An integrated mapping method has been implemented that takes into account the environmental, technological, transport and economic characteristics of pipeline transport. Assessment and forecast indicators were developed. Thematic content includes: resource potential of the industry; centers for the extraction, storage and processing of oil and gas; network of trunk pipelines with classification according to the number of branches and the diameter of the pipes; existing and potential hydrocarbons delivery routes; the degree of impact of hazardous natural processes and phenomena on the components of the oil and gas complex. The developed maps make it possible to objectively assess the state of the pipeline transport of hydrocarbons in the Arctic region of Russia and can serve as an essential part of the system for making responsible decisions on modernizing the infrastructure of the oil and gas complex to ensure sustainable development and safe operation.
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Barsi, A., A. Csepinszky, N. Krausz, H. Neuberger, V. Poto und V. Tihanyi. „ENVIRONMENTAL DATA DELIVERY FOR AUTOMOTIVE SIMULATIONS BY LASER SCANNING“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W16 (17.09.2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w16-41-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The development of autonomous vehicles nowadays is attractive, but a resource-intensive procedure. It requires huge time and money efforts. The different carmakers have therefore common struggles of involving cheaper, faster and accurate computer-based tools, among them the simulators. Automotive simulations expect reality information, where the recent data collection techniques have excellent contribution possibilities. Accordingly, the paper has a focus on the use of mobile laser scanning data in supporting automotive simulators. There was created a pilot site around the university campus, which is a road network with very diverse neighborhood. The data acquisition was conducted by a Leica Pegasus Two mobile mapping system. The achieved point clouds and imagery were submitted to extract road axes, road borders, but also lane borders and lane markings. By this evaluation, the OpenDRIVE representation was built, which is directly transferable into various simulators. Based on the roads’ geometric description, a standardized pavement surface model was created in OpenCRG format. CRG is a Curved Regular Grid, containing all surface height information and objects, but also anomalies. The 3D laser point clouds could easily be transformed into voxel models, then these models can be projected onto two vertical roadside grids (ribbons), which are practically an extension to the OpenCRG model. Adequate visualizations demonstrate the obtained results.</p>
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Chen, Liangfu, Husi Letu, Meng Fan, Huazhe Shang, Jinhua Tao, Laixiong Wu, Ying Zhang et al. „An Introduction to the Chinese High-Resolution Earth Observation System: Gaofen-1~7 Civilian Satellites“. Journal of Remote Sensing 2022 (08.04.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9769536.
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The Chinese High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) program has successfully launched 7 civilian satellites since 2010. These satellites are named by Gaofen (meaning high resolution in Chinese, hereafter noted as GF). To combine the advantages of high temporal and comparably high spatial resolution, diverse sensors are deployed to each satellite. GF-1 and GF-6 carry both high-resolution cameras (2 m resolution panchromatic and 8 m resolution multispectral camera), providing high spatial imaging for land use monitoring; GF-3 is equipped with a C-band multipolarization synthetic aperture radar with a spatial resolution of up to 1 meter, mostly monitoring marine targets; GF-5 carried 6 sensors including hyperspectral camera and directional polarization camera, dedicated to environmental remote sensing and climate research, such as aerosol, clouds, and greenhouse gas monitoring; and GF-7 laser altimeter system payload enables a three-dimensional surveying and mapping of natural resource and land surveying, facilitating the accumulation of basic geographic information. This study provides an overview of GF civilian series satellites, especially their missions, sensors, and applications.
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Pereyra-Castro, Karla, und Ernesto Caetano. „Wind-Ramp Predictability“. Atmosphere 13, Nr. 3 (11.03.2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030453.
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The intermittent nature of wind resources is challenging for their integration into the electrical system. The identification of weather systems and the accurate forecast of wind ramps can improve wind-energy management. In this study, extreme wind ramps were characterized at four different geographical sites in terms of duration, persistence, and weather system. Mid-latitude systems are the main cause of wind ramps in Mexico during winter. The associated ramps last around 3 h, but intense winds are sustained for up to 40 h. Storms cause extreme wind ramps in summer due to the downdraft contribution to the wind gust. Those events last about 1 to 3 h. Dynamic downscaling is computationally costly, and statistical techniques can improve wind forecasting. Evaluation of the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) operational model to simulate wind ramps and two bias-correction methods (simple bias and quantile mapping) was done for two selected sites. The statistical adjustment reduces the excess of no-ramps (≤|0.5| m/s) predicted by NAM compared to observed wind ramps. According to the contingency table-derived indices, the wind-ramp distribution correction with simple bias method or quantile mapping method improves the prediction of positive and negative ramps.
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Gallo, Ignazio, Nicola Landro, Riccardo La Grassa und Andrea Turconi. „Food Recommendations for Reducing Water Footprint“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 7 (24.03.2022): 3833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073833.
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Most existing food-related research efforts focus on recipe retrieval, user preference-based food recommendation, kitchen assistance, or nutritional and caloric estimation of dishes, ignoring personalized and conscious food recommendations resources of the planet. Therefore, in this work, we present a personalized food recommendation scheme, mapping the ingredients to the most resource-friendly dishes on the planet and in particular, selecting recipes that contain ingredients that consume as little water as possible for their production. The system proposed here is able to understand the user’s behavior and to suggest tailor-made recipes with lower water quantity used in production. By continuously using the system, the user can gradually reduce their water footprint and benefit from a healthier diet. The proposed recommendation system was compared with the results of two papers available in the literature that represent the state of the art, obtaining similar results. Therefore, the results of the presented recommendation system can be considered reliable.
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Monk, Edward J. M., Ka-Ping Yee, Rupert Allan und Ivan B. Gayton. „Determination of true patient origin through motorcycle mapping: design and implementation of a community-defined geographic infrastructure surveillance tool in rural Sierra Leone“. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 113, Nr. 9 (17.07.2019): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz063.
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Abstract Background Village-level geographic infrastructure data are often insufficient in low-resource settings, despite accurate patient origin determination being essential for surveillance and outbreak management. We detail a novel and seemingly reliable method for the determination of true patient origin with proof of concept in rural Sierra Leone. Methods Potential villages (n=2263), identified within a 7800 km2 hospital catchment area from satellite imagery, were accessed by motorcycle and surveyed in person, capturing village name and community-defined section/chiefdom/district. Results A survey established 1740 inhabited villages and a village of origin determination tool (gazetteer) was produced. Recording the district/chiefdom/section/village at hospital registration allowed Global Positioning System patient origin determination in 2277/2344 (97.1%) attendances. Conclusions Our proof of concept reports a substantial and sustained record of true patient origin in a low-resource setting.
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Leven, Chelsea L., und Keith Bosak. „Concept Mapping: An Effective and Rapid Participatory Tool for Analysis of the Tourism System?“ Sustainability 14, Nr. 16 (16.08.2022): 10162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610162.
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Sustainable tourism has grown rapidly in the last 35 years, both on the ground and as an area of academic study. However, the results of sustainable tourism development have proven to be mixed, with many unwanted outcomes stemming from its development in destinations around the world. Recent academic approaches to studying sustainable tourism development are increasingly turning towards social–ecological systems (SESs) thinking in order to embrace the inherent complexity and rapid change found in today’s world. This stems partly from an understanding that tourism is a complex social–ecological phenomenon, and that its success relies on understanding its dynamics in a given location. While SES approaches to understanding complex phenomena such as tourism are well-developed, they tend to be resource-intensive and unwieldy in rapidly changing environments, such as those found in sustainable tourism destinations. Therefore, we hypothesized that a novel form of concept mapping based on an SES perspective and the paradigm of resilience thinking could address limitations in conceptualizing and understanding sustainable tourism as part of a larger SES. In this paper, we outline our method thoroughly, then evaluate concept mapping by assessing its effectiveness as a rapid assessment tool that enhances systems understanding while being easy to use in the field, privileging local knowledge, and emphasizing relationships within the SES. We focus on the method and its applicability rather than the results of the maps themselves. Through a case study in Ometepe, Nicaragua, our results showed that concept mapping revealed key drivers and values within the SES and emphasized the value of participatory and transdisciplinary tourism research. Our study demonstrates that concept mapping is an effective method for rapidly assessing the complexity of a tourism destination in a manner that is accessible, adaptable, and achievable.
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Caprioli, M., R. Trizzino, R. Pagliarulo, M. Scarano, F. Mazzone und A. Scognamiglio. „MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS IN COASTAL AREAS“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (19.08.2015): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-263-2015.
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The present work deals with the assessment and management of environmental risk conditions in a typical costal area of Southern Italy. This area, located in the Salento peninsula, is subject to recurrent widespread instability phenomena due to the presence of steep rocky cliffs. Along the coast there are numerous beach resorts that are very crowded in the summer season. The environmental hazard deriving from the possible rock falls is unacceptably high for the people safety. Moreover, the land-based mapping of the dangerous natural structures is very difficult and time and resources expending. In this context, we carried out an UAV survey along about 1 km of coast, near the towns of San Foca, Torre dell’Orso and Sant’ Andrea ( Lecce, Southern Italy). The UAV platform was equipped with a photogrammetric measurement system that allowed us to obtain a mobile mapping of the fractured fronts of dangerous rocky cliffs. UAV-images data have been processed using dedicated software (Agisoft Photoscan). The total error obtained was of centimeter-order that is a very satisfactory result. The environmental information has been arranged in an ArcGIS platform in order to assess the risk levels. The possibility to repeat the survey at time intervals more or less close together depending on the measured levels of risk and to compare the output allows following the trend of the dangerous phenomena. In conclusion, for inaccessible locations of dangerous rocky bodies the UAV survey coupled with a GIS methodology proved to be a key engineering tool for the management of environmental risks.
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Puckey, Helen, Chris Brock und Cameron Yates. „Improving the landscape scale management of Buffel Grass Cenchrus ciliaris using aerial survey, predictive modelling, and a Geographic Information System“. Pacific Conservation Biology 13, Nr. 4 (2007): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070264.
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Buffel Grass Cenchrus ciliaris is a major environmental threat to biodiversity in central Australia and is rapidly expanding its distribution on National Parks and other areas of conservation concern. Managers need appropriate mapping of the potential and current Buffel Grass distribution at a broad landscape scale in order to prioritize their use of limited resources for survey and control efforts. Watarrka National Park was used as a case study to trial the effectiveness of aerial survey for mapping Buffel Grass distribution. Over 7 000 aerial observations were recorded from transects across the whole Park. Ground truthing indicated an acceptable level of accuracy for the aerial derived data at 84%, and a Kappa coefficient of 49. The aerial survey data were used to build a surface probability model for the entire Park based on environmental variables using Generalized Linear Modelling and then applied using a Geographic Information System. Distance to drainage and distance to tracks, followed by ruggedness, hummock grass cover and soil texture were the most important explanatory variables in determining the probability of occurrence of Buffel Grass. The surface model was overlaid with available vegetation mapping to quantify the level of threat to native plant diversity, in particular rare plant species diversity. This information is useful in developing a strategy for managing Buffel Grass at a landscape scale that is based on invasive potential and known biodiversity values, where previous management has focused on small scale site specific control actions.
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Kimothi, Sanjeev, Asha Thapliyal, Rajesh Singh, Mamoon Rashid, Anita Gehlot, Shaik Vaseem Akram und Abdul Rehman Javed. „Comprehensive Database Creation for Potential Fish Zones Using IoT and ML with Assimilation of Geospatial Techniques“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 2 (06.01.2023): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021062.
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The framework for aqua farming database collection and the real-time monitoring of different working functions of aqua farming are essential to enhance and digitalize aqua farming. Data collection and real-time monitoring are attained using cutting-edge technologies, and these cutting-edge technologies are useful for the conservation and advancement of traditional aquatic farming, particularly in hilly areas with sustainable development goals (SDGs). Geo-tagging and geo-mapping of the aqua resources will play an important role in monitoring the species in the aquatic environment and can track the real-time health status, movement, and location, and monitor the foraging behaviors, of aquatic species. This study proposed an architecture with the IoT to manage the aqua resource for eco-sustainability with geospatial data. This study also discussed the geo information systems (GIS)- and geo positioning system (GPS)-based web-based framework for the fisheries sector and the creation of a database for aqua resource management. In the study, the results of database generation for the aqua resource management and the results of the fishpond in the cloud server are presented in detail. Machine learning (ML) is integrated with the framework to analyze the sensor data and geo-spatial data for the identification of any degradation in the water quality. This will provide real-time information to the policymakers for their critical decisions for the further development of aquatic species for enhancing the economy of the state as well as aqua farmers.
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Whitaker, John, Nollaig O'Donohoe, Max Denning, Dan Poenaru, Elena Guadagno, Andrew J. M. Leather und Justine I. Davies. „Assessing trauma care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and evidence synthesis mapping the Three Delays framework to injury health system assessments“. BMJ Global Health 6, Nr. 5 (Mai 2021): e004324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004324.
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BackgroundThe large burden of injuries falls disproportionately on low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Health system interventions improve outcomes in high-income countries. Assessing LMIC trauma systems supports their improvement. Evaluating systems using a Three Delays framework, considering barriers to seeking (Delay 1), reaching (Delay 2) and receiving care (Delay 3), has aided maternal health gains. Rapid assessments allow timely appraisal within resource and logistically constrained settings. We systematically reviewed existing literature on the assessment of LMIC trauma systems, applying the Three Delays framework and rapid assessment principles.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of articles assessing LMIC trauma systems. We searched seven databases and grey literature for studies and reports published until October 2018. Inclusion criteria were an injury care focus and assessment of at least one defined system aspect. We mapped each study to the Three Delays framework and judged its suitability for rapid assessment.ResultsOf 14 677 articles identified, 111 studies and 8 documents were included. Sub-Saharan Africa was the most commonly included region (44.1%). Delay 3, either alone or in combination, was most commonly assessed (79.3%) followed by Delay 2 (46.8%) and Delay 1 (10.8%). Facility assessment was the most common method of assessment (36.0%). Only 2.7% of studies assessed all Three Delays. We judged 62.6% of study methodologies potentially suitable for rapid assessment.ConclusionsWhole health system injury research is needed as facility capacity assessments dominate. Future studies should consider novel or combined methods to study Delays 1 and 2, alongside care processes and outcomes.
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Pilati, Francesco, Riccardo Tronconi, Giandomenico Nollo, Sunderesh S. Heragu und Florian Zerzer. „Digital Twin of COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Centers“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 13 (01.07.2021): 7396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137396.
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The problem is the vaccination of a large number of people in a short time period, using minimum space and resources. The tradeoff is that this minimum number of resources must guarantee a good service for the patients, represented by the time spent in the system and in the queue. The goal is to develop a digital twin which integrates the physical and virtual systems and allows a real-time mapping of the patient flow to create a sustainable and dynamic vaccination center. Firstly, to reach this goal, a discrete-event simulation model is implemented. The simulation model is integrated with a mobile application that automatically collects time measures. By processing these measures, indicators can be computed to find problems, run the virtual model to solve them, and replicate improvements in the real system. The model is tested in a South Tyrol vaccination clinic and the best configuration found includes 31 operators and 306 places dedicated for the queues. This configuration allows the vaccination of 2164 patients in a 10-h shift, with a mean process time of 25 min. Data from the APP are managed to build the dashboard with indicators like number of people in queue for each phase and resource utilization.
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Kynigalaki, M., N. Nikolaou, J. Karfakis, An Koutsouveli, El Poyiadji, L. Pyrgiotis, G. Konstantopoulou et al. „DIGITAL ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE ATHENS PREFECTURE AREA AND RELATED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM“. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, Nr. 3 (24.01.2017): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11336.
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A digital engineering-geological map of the Athens Prefecture area was compiled at an original scale of 1:10.000 by IGME in cooperation with Engineering Geology Laboratory of Patras University. The map is related to a database management system constructed according to the project’s special needs, including geotechnical and geological data mainly obtained by boreholes and trial pits. The main map (11 sheets) is accompanied by three thematic maps at an original scale 1:50.000 (hydrogeological, tectonic) and 1:250.000 (seismic epicenters map). It constitute a basic tool for every activity of the Prefecture’s services, in relation to urban development, civil and environmental protection policy, sustainable management of natural resources, continual data supply to citizens and to the technical world. The main advantage of the digital map is the ability of constant updating of the related database, while this procedure should be established to serve social needs. As the mapping was based on a combination of conventional geological mapping techniques and the information from geotechnical database, it is considered to provide useful information for planners and decision makers at a preliminary planning level.
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Lee, Grace Yeeun, Ian Bernard Hickie, Jo-An Occhipinti, Yun Ju Christine Song, Salvador Camacho, Adam Skinner, Kenny Lawson, Samuel J. Hockey, Adriane Martin Hilber und Louise Freebairn. „Participatory Systems Modelling for Youth Mental Health: An Evaluation Study Applying a Comprehensive Multi-Scale Framework“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 7 (28.03.2022): 4015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074015.
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The youth mental health sector is persistently challenged by issues such as service fragmentation and inefficient resource allocation. Systems modelling and simulation, particularly utilizing participatory approaches, is offering promise in supporting evidence-informed decision making with limited resources by testing alternative strategies in safe virtual environments before implementing them in the real world. However, improved evaluation efforts are needed to understand the critical elements involved in and to improve methods for implementing participatory modelling for youth mental health system and service delivery. An evaluation protocol is described to evaluate the feasibility, value, impact, and sustainability of participatory systems modelling in delivering advanced decision support capabilities for youth mental health. This study applies a comprehensive multi-scale evaluation framework, drawing on participatory action research principles as well as formative, summative, process, and outcome evaluation techniques. Novel data collection procedures are presented, including online surveys that incorporate gamification to enable social network analysis and patient journey mapping. The evaluation approach also explores the experiences of diverse stakeholders, including young people with lived (or living) experience of mental illness. Social and technical opportunities will be uncovered, as well as challenges implementing these interdisciplinary methods in complex settings to improve youth mental health policy, planning, and outcomes. This study protocol can also be adapted for broader international applications, disciplines, and contexts.
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Cabral, Marta, Dália Loureiro, Maria do Céu Almeida und Dídia Covas. „Estimation of costs for monitoring urban water and wastewater networks“. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 68, Nr. 2 (30.01.2019): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.043.
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Abstract In many water distribution systems, water losses are a major problem and an integrated management strategy is required for both the efficient use of water resources and the minimisation of non-revenue water. For foul sewer systems, the inflow of stormwater and infiltration of groundwater affects the management of both sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants. Monitoring of flows represents a critical task within approaches for control of either water losses in distribution systems and infiltration and rain-induced inflows in foul systems. Implementation of monitoring typically involves the following steps: (i) system information updating and digital mapping; (ii) system zoning; and (iii) system flow monitoring. Costs for monitoring are essential for utilities to estimate more accurately the costs of control of water losses, infiltration and inflow and to support more robust decision-making. Costs and infrastructure data were collected from 20 Portuguese water and wastewater utilities. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to obtain cost functions for meter chambers as a function of the volume and for purchase and installation of flow meters as a function of nominal diameter in water supply systems. For the steps of system information updating, digital mapping and system zoning single unit costs are estimated.
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Khan, Md, und Muhammad Uddin. „Household Level Consumption and Ecological Stress in an Urban Area“. Urban Science 2, Nr. 3 (12.07.2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030056.
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Rapid urbanization and human consumption are continuously threatening the balances of natural environmental systems. This study investigated the increasing stress on the natural environment from household consumption at the neighborhood level. We collected and analyzed household-level data of Ward 24 of the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) area to quantify and represent household consumption and entrenching stresses on the natural environment. We followed the component and direct method to determine the ecological footprint (demand). We also derived the biocapacity (supply) from the available bioproductive lands of the study area. Thus, the gap between demand and supply was identified and represented as a stress area through a Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping technique. We found that the per capita ecological footprint accounts for Ward 24 were about 0.7161 gha/capita for the year 2015. Moreover, the biocapacity for the same year was determined as 0.0144 gha/capita for Ward 24. The ecological demand for the household-based consumption of Ward 24 exceeded its ecological capacity by 49.73 times. We found that Ward 24 would require an area that was 162 times larger in order to support the present level of resource demand and waste sequestration. These study findings can play an essential role in policy formulation, ensuring the practices of environmental justice at the local scale.