Zeitschriftenartikel: „Environmental landscapes“

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Wolff, Saskia, Silke Hüttel, Claas Nendel und Tobia Lakes. „Agricultural Landscapes in Brandenburg, Germany: An Analysis of Characteristics and Spatial Patterns“. International Journal of Environmental Research 15, Nr. 3 (20.03.2021): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41742-021-00328-y.

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AbstractThe increasing demand for agricultural commodities for food and energy purposes has led to intensified agricultural land management, along with the homogenization of landscapes, adverse biodiversity effects and robustness of landscapes regarding the provision of ecosystem services. At the same time, subsidized organic agriculture and extensive grassland use supports the provision of ecosystem services. Yet little is understood about how to evaluate a landscape’s potential to contribute to protecting and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services. To address this gap, we use plot-level data from the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) for Germany’s federal state of Brandenburg, and based on a two-step cluster analysis, we identify six types of agricultural landscapes. These clusters differ in landscape structure, diversity and measures for agricultural land management intensity. Agricultural land in Brandenburg is dominated by high shares of cropland but fragmented differently. Lands under organic management and those with a high share of maize show strong spatial autocorrelation, pointing to local clusters. Identification of different types of landscapes permits locally- and region-adapted designs of environmental and agricultural policy measures improves outcome-oriented environmental policy impact evaluation and landscape planning. Our approach allows transferability to other EU regions.

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Savytska, Olena, und Natalia Korogoda. „The use of electronic map “natural basis of Kyiv city landscapes” in the studies on urban aesthetic resources“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, Nr. 48 (23.12.2014): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1353.

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Use of electronic landscape map in the study of aesthetic resources of the urban environment is an important component in study of landscape of the modern city. These maps are the basis for the organization of various GIS applications. Electronic maps which containing information about a natural basis of urban landscapes can be used for effectively management of the urban areas, environmental design and environmental protection. Key words: GIS, electronic map of landscapes, urban landscapes, aesthetic resources.

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Proverbs, Tracey, und Trevor Lantz. „Cumulative Environmental Impacts in the Gwich’in Cultural Landscape“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (08.06.2020): 4667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114667.

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Environmental changes are impacting northern environments and human communities. Cumulative impact assessments are vital to understanding the combined effects of regional industrial developments and natural disturbances that affect humans and ecosystems. A gap in cumulative impacts literature includes methods to evaluate impacts in cultural landscapes. In this study, we utilized spatial overlay analysis to assess cumulative environmental impacts in the cultural landscape of northern Canada’s Gwich’in Settlement Region. In three analyses, we quantified and mapped: (1) Cultural feature density, (2) cumulative environmental disturbance, and (3) potential overlap between disturbances and cultural features. Our first analysis depicts the extent and pattern of cultural relationships with regional landscapes and illustrates the Gwich’in cultural landscape, with widespread harvesting trails, named places, traditional use areas, and archaeological sites found in highest densities near important waterways. Our second analysis suggests that spatial overlay can track multiple disturbances, illustrating diffuse, lower intensity cumulative environmental impacts. The final analysis shows that overlaying disturbance and cultural feature data provides a novel way to investigate cumulative impacts in a cultural landscape, indicating relatively low levels of potential overlap between Gwich’in cultural features and disturbances. These methods provide one way to investigate cumulative impacts, relevant for well- documented cultural landscapes.

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Vasey, Daniel E. „Uncommon Ground: Cultural Landscapes and Environmental Values:Uncommon Ground: Cultural Landscapes and Environmental Values.“ American Anthropologist 100, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1998): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.1071.

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Velarde, Ma D., G. Fry und M. Tveit. „Health effects of viewing landscapes – Landscape types in environmental psychology“. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 6, Nr. 4 (November 2007): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.07.001.

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Blanton, Ryan. „Chronotopic Landscapes of Environmental Racism“. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 21 (August 2011): E76—E93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01098.x.

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Holden, J., L. Shotbolt, A. Bonn, T. P. Burt, P. J. Chapman, A. J. Dougill, E. D. G. Fraser et al. „Environmental change in moorland landscapes“. Earth-Science Reviews 82, Nr. 1-2 (Mai 2007): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.01.003.

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8

Young, Lola. „Environmental images and imaginary landscapes“. Soundings 78, Nr. 78 (01.08.2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.78.12.2021.

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Lola Young discusses the work of photographer Ingrid Pollard, and looks at the extent to which environmental issues are racialised, including in relation to issues of population control and environmental degradation. Cities are often represented as breeding crime, disease and alienated subjects, while the English countryside is held up as a repository of values, culture and heritage. Although the range of locations and occupations in which black people may be found has expanded over the years, old stereotypes persist. Pollard addresses this in her work, including her work on the Lea Valley in East London, which looks at the 'country within the city'.

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Batáry, Péter, András Báldi, David Kleijn und Teja Tscharntke. „Landscape-moderated biodiversity effects of agri-environmental management: a meta-analysis“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, Nr. 1713 (24.11.2010): 1894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1923.

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Agri-environmental management (AEM) is heralded as being key to biodiversity conservation on farmland, yet results of these schemes have been mixed, making their general utility questionable. We test with meta-analysis whether the benefits of AEM for species richness and abundance of plants and animals are determined by the surrounding landscape context. Across all studies (109 observations for species richness and 114 observations for abundance), AEM significantly increased species richness and their abundance. More specifically, we test the hypothesis that AEM benefits species richness and abundance (i.e. increases the difference between fields with and without AEM) more in simple than in complex landscapes. In croplands, species richness but not abundance was significantly enhanced in simple but not in complex landscapes. In grasslands, AEM effectively enhanced species richness and abundance regardless of landscape context. Pollinators were significantly enhanced by AEM in simple but not in complex landscapes in both croplands and grasslands. Our results highlight that the one-size-fits-all approach of many agri-environmental programmes is not an efficient way of spending the limited funds available for biodiversity conservation on farmland. Therefore, we conclude that AEM should be adapted to landscape structure and the species groups at which they are targeted.

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Kablukov, O. V. „RITERIA FOR OPTIMAL FUNCTIONING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND RECLAMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES“. Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management, Nr. 19 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2618-8732-2020-16-21.

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When choosing criteria for optimal management of cultural agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to be guided by the achievement of a specific goal - creating their environmentally sustainable structure and ensuring normal functioning. Various aspects of economic, technological, or natural landscape orientation can be com-ponents of the system of criteria for optimal functioning. The criteria are used in the design of agroecosystems and the formation of cultural agricultural landscapes on reclaimed land. In this case, the interaction of related processes aimed at increasing the productivity and sustainability of agricultural landscapes isensured, high quality of products is achieved, damage from aggressive and negative processes is localized, energy, material, labor and financial costs are minimized.

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Stojko, S. M. „Sozology – integral environmental science. Tasks of landscape sozology“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, Nr. 37 (09.09.2009): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gg.2009.37.2325.

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Various types of technogenic influence towards subsystems of biosphere – hydrosphere, pedosphere, atmosphere, biotosphere, sociosphere – and their ecological consequences are presented. Stages of development of environmental mentality of mankind are elucidated. Backgrounds of “geosozology” – environmental science of biosphere – are characterized. Human sozology, phytosozology, zoosozology, pedosozology, landscapesozology, and other environmental scientific branches of geosozology are defined. The conceptual principles of landscape sozology and Green book of rare landscapes of Ukraine are presented. Landscape systems of special function have been included in the Green book. Key words: biosphere, geosozology, planet ecosystem, landscape sozology.

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Lapka, Miloslav, und Eva Cudlinova. „Changing Landscapes, Changing Landscape's Story“. Landscape Research 28, Nr. 3 (Juli 2003): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390306517.

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Valchuk-Orkusha, Oksana. „Geochemical patterns of road landscapes“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, Nr. 48 (23.12.2014): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1342.

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The possibilities of distinguishing the structure of road landscapes geochemical sections, units and areas given their characteristics, showed that these geochemical patterns are not always consistent with the types of areas, but require detailed studies because they determine the environmental condition of the modern road landscapes not only skirts, but any region of Ukraine. Key words: skirts, road landscape geochemical structure, segments, sites, areas, economic condition.

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Moore, Ian D., T. W. Norton und Jann E. Williams. „Modelling environmental heterogeneity in forested landscapes“. Journal of Hydrology 150, Nr. 2-4 (Oktober 1993): 717–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90133-t.

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Moll, Eugene. „Southern African Landscapes and Environmental Change“. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 36, Nr. 2 (03.04.2019): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2019.1594381.

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Nakamae, Eihachiro, Xueying Qin und Katsumi Tadamura. „Rendering of landscapes for environmental assessment“. Landscape and Urban Planning 54, Nr. 1-4 (Mai 2001): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(01)00123-2.

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Barton, Susan Schumacher, und Cecilia Souza Gontijo Garcia. „Roadside Landscapes – A potential environmental resource“. Ornamental Horticulture 21, Nr. 3 (22.12.2015): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v21i3.844.

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Construção de estradas podem resultar em impactos ecológicos significativos; afetando a qualidade do ar, solo, vegetação, animais selvagens, e bem-estar humano. Estes distúrbios mudar drasticamente a paisagem circundante. Esta avaliação analisa o potencial de vegetação de beira de estrada para servir como um recurso ambiental, melhorar a saúde socioeconômica e fornecer embelezar para os viajantes locais e regionais. Beiras de estradas representam um recurso significativo terra ao redor do mundo e este vasto recurso proporciona a oportunidade de usar a restauração nativa para neutralizar a perda de diversidade e habitat em todo o mundo. Este artigo discute a história da vegetação de beira de estrada, estratégias para criação e gestão de vegetação de beira de estrada adequada, ea aceitação pública das paisagens de beira de estrada.

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Tyutyunnik, Yu G., N. A. Pashkevych und L. M. Gubar. „Production landscapes and their demutation (on the example of sugar beet industry of Ukraine)“. Известия Русского географического общества 151, Nr. 5 (05.11.2019): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-6071151548-66.

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The production landscapes including territories of the plants, factories, mines, power plants, industrial zones are considered as a product of an industrial tehnogenesis, and tehnogenesis itself is considered as a process of landscape formation. Industrial landscape is regarded as production landscape formed under man-made cover - industrial building and remote equipment. As a functional unity, the production landscapes of a given technological cycle form an industrial-landscape zone. Production landscapes of sugar plants of Ukraine are considered. The diversity and specificity of morpholitogenic basis, soils and plant communities peculiar to different types of production landscapes of sugar plants are shown. The processes of demutation of different industrial landscapes of sugar plants, which were abandoned in different periods of XX century, have been studied. The stages of destruction of their man-made cover, transformation of terrain, change of soils and vegetation are described. On the basis of the field survey of 68 operating and abandoned sugar plants of Ukraine, 8 stages of destruction of industrial building and 4 phases of demutation of industrial landscapes have been identified.

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Dzubakova, Katharine, Hannes Peter, Enrico Bertuzzo, Carmelo Juez, Mário J. Franca, Andrea Rinaldo und Tom J. Battin. „Environmental heterogeneity promotes spatial resilience of phototrophic biofilms in streambeds“. Biology Letters 14, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2018): 20180432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0432.

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The loss of environmental heterogeneity threatens biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between environmental heterogeneity and spatial resilience as the capacity of ecological communities embedded in a landscape matrix to reorganize following disturbance. We experimented with phototrophic biofilms colonizing streambed landscapes differing in spatial heterogeneity and exposed to flow-induced disturbance. We show how streambed roughness and related features promote growth-related trait diversity and the recovery of biofilms towards carrying capacity (CC) and spatial resilience. At the scale of streambed landscapes, roughness and exposure to water flow promoted biofilm CC and growth trait diversity. Structural equation modelling identified roughness, post-disturbance biomass and a ‘neighbourhood effect’ to drive biofilm CC. Our findings suggest that the environment selecting for adaptive capacities prior to disturbance (that is, memory effects) and biofilm connectivity into spatial networks (that is, mobile links) contribute to the spatial resilience of biofilms in streambed landscapes. These findings are critical given the key functions biofilms fulfil in streams, now increasingly experiencing shifts in sedimentary and hydrological regimes.

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Yli-Panula, Eija, Christel Persson, Eila Jeronen, Varpu Eloranta und Heini-Marja Pakula. „Landscape as Experienced Place and Worth Conserving in the Drawings of Finnish and Swedish Students“. Education Sciences 9, Nr. 2 (27.04.2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020093.

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Children explore their environment through experiences and each experience is meaningful in developing their environmental consciousness and identity. On the basis of the drawn landscape experiences, the present qualitative study set out to find out what landscapes the participating students deemed worth conserving. The data consisted of the drawings of 11- to 16-year-old Finnish (n = 311) and Swedish (n = 246) students. Deductive and inductive content analyses were used to analyse the data. The results showed that all three landscape types; nature, built, and social were presented in the drawings. Nature and built landscapes were the most frequent types, with the proportion of nature landscapes increasing and that of built landscapes decreasing with age. There were gender and cultural preferences: boys drew built landscapes more often than girls; and Finnish students drew summer cottages, a cultural phenomenon typical of Finnish landscapes, which was not found in Swedish drawings. Similarities in Finnish and Swedish data were identified e.g., in forest and water and “cultural landscapes”. Some of the students displayed a more distant, observing role, whereas others adopted an active one in relation to all three landscape types. The results are discussed in connection to the landscape theories and earlier findings of the drawn environments.

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Prydetkevich, S. „Zoocenoses structure and dynamics in the field type agricultural landscapes of Podolia“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, Nr. 46 (26.12.2013): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.46.1496.

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Based on analysis of the literature and our own field research identified features zootsenos’es structure and seasonal dynamics of the species composition of animal field landscapes within the territory of the skirts. Found that the structure zoocenoses field landscape is quite differentiated, dependent on farming systems and generally covers 78 species of terrestrial vertebrates. Key words: agricultural landscapes, field landscape, zoocenosis, specific structure of zoocenosis, zootsenos’es dynamics, the environmental group.

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Raynaud, Xavier, Clive G. Jones und Sébastien Barot. „Ecosystem engineering, environmental decay and environmental states of landscapes“. Oikos 122, Nr. 4 (07.09.2012): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20283.x.

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Isachenko, Gregory. „Development of the concept of landscape dynamics at the St. Petersburg University at the boundary of XX - XXI centuries“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, Nr. 48 (23.12.2014): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1288.

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Basic grounds of the concept of the landscape-dynamic analysis are considered. The key notions of this concept are landscape site and long-term state of landscape. The typology of natural landscape sites of taiga of the European Russia Northwest are carried out, that includes 36 types and more than 60 kinds of sites. Application of landscape-dynamic approach (including mapping of dynamics of landscapes) in territorial planning, forest management, environmental assessment of seaport complexes and communi-cations, design and conservation of landscapes of natural protected territories is considered. Key words: landscape, concept of landscape dynamics, landscape site, long-term state of landscape, landscape-dynamic scenario.

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Tran, Duy, Diane Pearson, Alan Palmer und David Gray. „Developing a Landscape Design Approach for the Sustainable Land Management of Hill Country Farms in New Zealand“. Land 9, Nr. 6 (03.06.2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9060185.

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Landscape modification associated with agricultural intensification has brought considerable challenges for the sustainable development of New Zealand hill country farms. Addressing these challenges requires an appropriate approach to support farmers and design a better landscape that can have beneficial environmental outcomes whilst ensuring continued profitability. In this paper we suggest using geodesign and theories drawn from landscape ecology to plan and design multifunctional landscapes that offer improved sustainability for hill country farm systems and landscapes in New Zealand. This approach suggests that better decisions can be made by considering the major landscape services that are, and could be, provided by the landscapes in which these farm systems are situated. These important services should be included in future landscape design of hill country by creating a patterning and configuration of landscape features that actively maintains or restores important landscape functioning. This will help to improve landscape health and promote landscape resilience in the face of climate change. Through illustrating the potential of this type of approach for wider adoption we believe that the proposed conceptual framework offers a valuable reference for sustainable farm system design that can make an important contribution to advancing environmental management globally as well as in New Zealand.

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St. Hilaire, Rolston, Dawn M. VanLeeuwen und Patrick Torres. „Landscape Preferences and Water Conservation Choices of Residents in a High Desert Environment“. HortTechnology 20, Nr. 2 (April 2010): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.308.

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We surveyed homeowners with residential landscapes in Santa Fe, NM, to determine their attitudes toward high desert plants and to assess their preferences for urban landscapes and water conservation strategies in a high desert urban environment. While there was low acceptance for the traditional turf lawn, 64% of residents agreed that high desert plants provided the variety they needed in their residential landscapes and 92% of residents would use high desert plants to landscape their front yard. Homeowners had a strong preference for retaining their current desert landscapes and converting traditional landscapes to high desert-adapted landscapes. Logistic regression revealed a negative relationship between length of residency in the southwestern United States and the willingness to use high desert plants. When homeowners who irrigated their landscape were asked whether water shortages, environmental concerns, information on water, city regulations, high water bills, or water rate increases would cause them to use less water on their landscapes, the highest level of agreement (94%) was for water shortages. Eighty-eight percent of respondents agreed that they liked any type of landscape that contains interesting features and is well planned. We conclude that homeowners have a preference for desert-adapted landscapes and agree that high desert plants provide an adequate palette of plants for urban landscapes. Additionally, the length of residency in the southwestern U.S. and the possibility of water shortages have the potential to impact water conservation strategies in high desert urban landscapes.

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Fish, Robert, Susanne Seymour und Charles Watkins. „Conserving English Landscapes: Land Managers and Agri-Environmental Policy“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3531.

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There is increasing public policy interest in the management of rural landscapes for conservation, both in terms of natural and cultural heritage. Agri-environmental policies are an important part of an emerging vision for a sustainable countryside, with increasing support for the existing Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) and Countryside Stewardship (CS) schemes. This paper provides insight into the nature of land-manager attitudes towards the conservation of rural landscapes and how these relate to differing modes and levels of engagement with these two schemes. It is based on the results of a recently completed project exploring the attitudes and practices of 100 land managers towards features of landscape and historic interest. Agri-environmental research has often sought to ‘typologise’ attitudes and practices around discrete land-manager types; an approach that may downgrade commonalities between land managers, the potential interplay of elements defining these types, and the possibility that land-manager identities may not be uniform. In this paper, in contrast, we emphasise the significance of these three analytical issues surrounding land-manager attitudes and practices. We explore land managers' interest and investment in conservation and go on to explain how these concerns were often closely related to the wildlife, historic and aesthetic goals of the schemes. The analysis then considers in detail how a concern for conservation often came to interplay with economic concerns to produce different attitudes and practices. We term these ‘styles of participation and nonparticipation’ to emphasise that such modes of uptake are not necessarily associated with specific land-manager types. Land managers developed these attitudes and practices with respect to different parts of their farms, types of landscape feature, and scheme in question. We conclude by emphasising the importance of contextualised analyses of land-manager values, knowledges, and practices for exploring the nature and possibilities of a ‘sustainable countryside', and the role of agri-environmental policy within this policy vision of rural areas.

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Chalker-Scott, Linda. „Impact of Mulches on Landscape Plants and the Environment — A Review“. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25, Nr. 4 (01.12.2007): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-25.4.239.

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Abstract Mulches provide aesthetic, economic and environmental benefits to urban landscapes. Mulching is especially useful in the establishment of trees in landscapes that receive minimal care, such as restoration sites. In general, mulches improve soil health, creating healthy populations of plants and associated animals. These biodiverse, stable landscapes are more resistant to stress, are more aesthetically pleasing, require fewer applications of pesticides and fertilizers, and are ultimately more sustainable than those without mulch cover. All mulches are not created equally, however, and this review compares the costs and benefits of landscape mulches as reported in the scientific literature. It also presents real and perceived problems associated with various landscape mulches.

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Brereton, Pat, und Danielle Barrios-O’Neill. „Irish energy landscapes on film“. Journal of Environmental Media 2, Nr. 1 (01.03.2021): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00042_1.

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Landscape, and its relation to place identity, is a powerful tool for visualizing and making legible the effects of environmental change. So often the operations of resource consumption and conservation occur in a way that shapes and changes particular regional landscapes. This is significant in an era where inspiring audiences and policy-makers to respond to unsustainable resource use and environmental change is difficult, but where we are still compelled to care for particular elements of place as they relate to identity. In this article we examine how resource use and landscape change are communicated through Irish films, where the interactions of place identity and landscape are central. A key through line argument is how landscape is an important vehicle for expressing anxieties and contexts for resource interdependency; another is how elements of local and regional identity compete and interact with global concerns, such as climate change or globalization, in complex ways. We analyse these interactions to demonstrate how energy resource use and environmental change are linked, highlighting ‘small nation’ tensions concerning geographic identity and resource ownership that are relevant to real-world energy transitions and apply much more broadly.

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FERRAZ, KATIA MARIA PASCHOALETTO MICCHI DE BARROS, MARINEZ FERREIRA DE SIQUEIRA, EDUARDO ROBERTO ALEXANDRINO, DANIELA TOMASIO APOLINARIO DA LUZ und HILTON THADEU ZARATE DO COUTO. „Environmental suitability of a highly fragmented and heterogeneous landscape for forest bird species in south-eastern Brazil“. Environmental Conservation 39, Nr. 4 (01.05.2012): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000094.

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SUMMARYAssessment of the suitability of anthropogenic landscapes for wildlife species is crucial for setting priorities for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to analyse the environmental suitability of a highly fragmented region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one of the world's 25 recognized biodiversity hotspots, for forest bird species. Eight forest bird species were selected for the analyses, based on point counts (n = 122) conducted in April–September 2006 and January–March 2009. Six additional variables (landscape diversity, distance from forest and streams, aspect, elevation and slope) were modelled in Maxent for (1) actual and (2) simulated land cover, based on the forest expansion required by existing Brazilian forest legislation. Models were evaluated by bootstrap or jackknife methods and their performance was assessed by AUC, omission error, binomial probability or p value. All predictive models were statistically significant, with high AUC values and low omission errors. A small proportion of the actual landscape (24.41 ± 6.31%) was suitable for forest bird species. The simulated landscapes lead to an increase of c.30% in total suitable areas. In average, models predicted a small increase (23.69 ± 6.95%) in the area of suitable native forest for bird species. Being close to forest increased the environmental suitability of landscapes for all bird species; landscape diversity was also a significant factor for some species. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that species distribution modelling (SDM) successfully predicted bird distribution across a heterogeneous landscape at fine spatial resolution, as all models were biologically relevant and statistically significant. The use of landscape variables as predictors contributed significantly to the results, particularly for species distributions over small extents and at fine scales. This is the first study to evaluate the environmental suitability of the remaining Brazilian Atlantic Forest for bird species in an agricultural landscape, and provides important additional data for regional environmental planning.

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Rodewald, Raimund. „Landschaft und Gesundheit – Theorie und Praxis zweier verbundener Konzepte (Essay) | Landscape and health – theory and practice of two allied concepts (essay)“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, Nr. 3 (01.03.2010): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0056.

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The link between landscape and good health has a long historical tradition, stretching from ancient times to the present day. However, scientific evidence for the health-promoting effect of nature and the landscape is somewhat rare. In a literary study published in 2007 by the Swiss Foundation for Landscape Conservation and the organization Doctors for Environmental Protection the importance of landscapes as a health resource was shown unmistakably. On the basis of the results of this study, 37 spatial factors were identified which have a positive influence on psychological, physical and social well-being. These spatial factors were tested in practice in two concrete examples of case histories. It was thus shown that the assessment of places and landscapes according to these spatial factors promises a successful and feasible approach. At the legislative level, this method could lead to a Health Impact Assessment as an extension of the Environmental Impact Assessment. The article postulates that the scientific recognition of landscapes as determinants for good health should be more seriously taken into account in the relevant political spheres.

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F. Bennett, Andrew, und Leigh A. Ford. „Land use, habitat change and the conservation of birds in fragmented rural environments: a landscape perspective from the Northern Plains, Victoria, Australia“. Pacific Conservation Biology 3, Nr. 3 (1997): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970244.

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Studies of the effects of habitat fragmentation on birds have mainly been carried out at the patch scale, by censusing birds in patches of different size, shape or composition. Here, we use data collected by observers for the Atlas of Australian Birds from 10' latitude/longitude grid cells (landscapes), each 277 km2 in size, to examine the effects of land use and habitat change at the landscape scale in the Northern Plains region of Victoria, Australia. Land birds were tallied for 63 such landscapes and species were classed as "woodland" or "other" species. Attributes measured for each landscape represented natural environmental variation, tree cover and the intensity of human settlement. The Northern Plains has experienced profound environmental change over the last century of agricultural settlement and tree cover now occupies only 6.2% of the region, mostly as large riverine forests. Eighty per cent of landscapes have less than 10% tree cover. Woodland birds showed substantial variation in richness between landscapes and, after accounting for sampling effort, species richness was best predicted by total tree cover and measures of environmental variation (e.g., number of streams). "Other" birds were more evenly distributed between landscapes. Species richness was best predicted by the environmental gradient in rainfall and temperature, although this accounted for only a small amount of variance after correcting for sampling effort. The predictive model for woodland birds indicates that this group is sensitive to habitat change, and implies a substantial loss of species in landscapes that have been almost entirely cleared of woodland habitat. The logarithmic nature of the relationship means that the rate of change in species richness is greatest during the final stages of habitat depletion. With median tree cover of 3.7% for landscapes in the region, this relationship supports the contention that a major decline in woodland birds is underway and that species are being lost from whole landscapes across the region. Attributes associated with landscapes of high conservation value for birds include: extensive overall tree cover, large blocks of woodland habitat, and stream systems with associated habitat connectivity. In this region, these attributes are more likely to occur in areas with broad-acre agriculture rather than intensive irrigation. The analysis suggests that at least 10% tree cover is a minimum goal for an infrastructure of natural vegetation in rural landscapes to prevent serious decline and loss in the woodland avifauna.

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Bolliger, Janine, und Felix Kienast. „Landscape Functions in a Changing Environment“. Landscape Online 21 (08.11.2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201021.

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Landscapes provide a broad range of services to society. To date, however, only few regional to continental scale studies assess the capacity of landscapes to provide these services under changing environmental conditions. This is required if the maintenance of current landscape multifunctionality remains a long-term goal. The presented mini review highlights and promotes the concept of landscape functions, defined as the capacity or potential of landscapes to provide services. Ultimately, spatially explicit landscape-function assessments may provide baseline information for society to engage in an open discussion on future landscape development and its potential impact on landscape character. Our mini review is supported with recent literature as well as insights gained at a symposium held at the IALE 2009 conference in Salzburg, Austria as well as a workshop held in Salzau, Germany 2010 and the Global Initiative of the The Ecosystem Services Partnership (http://www.fsd.nl/esp, 30. May 2010).

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Cheng, Deqiang, Chunliu Gao, Tiantian Shao und Javed Iqbal. „A Landscape Study of Sichuan University (Wangjiang Campus) from the Perspective of Campus Tourism“. Land 9, Nr. 12 (06.12.2020): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120499.

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University campus tourism is an important component and extension of urban tourism. The campus landscapes at universities act as major reflections of the interaction between regional natural and humanistic environments and initiate a strong visual perception or sensory feelings of the campus, which play a positive guiding role in campus tourism resource development. In order to better understand the role of landscapes in campus tourism, the Wangjiang Campus of Sichuan University was selected as the study area. Campus landscapes under the comprehensive influence of natural and humanistic environments were studied based on three different multi-level (scale) perspectives including: (i) point scale, (ii) line scale and (iii) plane scale, as well as different research themes comprising: (i) landscapes of buildings and vegetation, (ii) color landscapes, (iii) landscapes of campus space utilization, and (iv) thermal landscapes. The results show that the Wangjiang Campus landscapes have strong environmental natural landscape components linked with strong humanistic landscapes, which may provide lively, positive and relaxed visual feelings to tourists in the form of affirmative landscape services. The formation and development of the campus landscapes are affected by the geographic environments and campus culture, and it is conducive to the formation of unique campus genius loci. Nowadays, the landscapes of Wangjiang Campus have become a distinctive visiting card of campus tourism. This study would be helpful in better understating of the campus landscapes using new perspectives, as well as could be used as references for the development of university-campus-tourism.

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Haque, Mary Taylor, Lolly Tai und Brenda VanderMey. „Service Learning and Environmental Education“. HortScience 33, Nr. 3 (Juni 1998): 509f—509. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.509f.

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Service learning is a teaching method that enables college students and faculty to learn while identifying and solving community problems. A case study involving the creation of sustainable landscapes for a low-income community in Clemson, S.C., will be used to illustrate the methodology necessary to complete a successful service learning project. Clemson Univ. students from four courses worked towards advancing their knowledge and commitment to environmental stewardship. They enhanced their education in landscape design and implementation through a partnership with the City of Clemson, Habitat for Humanity, the National Wildlife Federation, and others which resulted in the creation of certified backyard habitats for low-income residents.

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Palang, Hannes, Gary Fry, Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Michael Jones und Helen Sooväli. „Editorial: Landscape and Seasonality—Seasonal Landscapes“. Landscape Research 30, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390500044259.

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Deneu, Benjamin, Maximilien Servajean, Pierre Bonnet, Christophe Botella, François Munoz und Alexis Joly. „Convolutional neural networks improve species distribution modelling by capturing the spatial structure of the environment“. PLOS Computational Biology 17, Nr. 4 (19.04.2021): e1008856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008856.

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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are statistical models suited for learning complex visual patterns. In the context of Species Distribution Models (SDM) and in line with predictions of landscape ecology and island biogeography, CNN could grasp how local landscape structure affects prediction of species occurrence in SDMs. The prediction can thus reflect the signatures of entangled ecological processes. Although previous machine-learning based SDMs can learn complex influences of environmental predictors, they cannot acknowledge the influence of environmental structure in local landscapes (hence denoted “punctual models”). In this study, we applied CNNs to a large dataset of plant occurrences in France (GBIF), on a large taxonomical scale, to predict ranked relative probability of species (by joint learning) to any geographical position. We examined the way local environmental landscapes improve prediction by performing alternative CNN models deprived of information on landscape heterogeneity and structure (“ablation experiments”). We found that the landscape structure around location crucially contributed to improve predictive performance of CNN-SDMs. CNN models can classify the predicted distributions of many species, as other joint modelling approaches, but they further prove efficient in identifying the influence of local environmental landscapes. CNN can then represent signatures of spatially structured environmental drivers. The prediction gain is noticeable for rare species, which open promising perspectives for biodiversity monitoring and conservation strategies. Therefore, the approach is of both theoretical and practical interest. We discuss the way to test hypotheses on the patterns learnt by CNN, which should be essential for further interpretation of the ecological processes at play.

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Исяньюлова, Regina Isyanyulova, Ибатуллина, Elvira Ibatullina, Габдрахимов und Kamil Gabdrakhimov. „Establishment of sustainable forest park landscape (by the example of Ufa)“. Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, Nr. 3 (14.12.2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6543.

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Forest landscape is a natural biological complex, with specific relationships of its components (nature and environment) and the appearance of the landscape. In forest park farms to generate different types of landscapes in the optimal ratio of their stands on the composition, canopy and influence the spatial placement. The successful solution of the major problems of the city woods is based on an assessment of landscape and architectural indicators and the forecast of their structure. When carrying out actions for formation of a landscape it is necessary to present accurately the design shape of a landscape formed on this site. It can be reached when all factors influencing architectural and landscape shape of a site, are revealed with sufficient completeness. There is a need of an assessment of ecological making planting and a separate tree at design and formation of a city landscape. Baseline data to determine the environmental productivity are: species, age, and height, diameter of the trunk (trunk), diameter and height of the crown, the area of leaf surface, growth, and nutrition area of the tree. It should be emphasized that further study is necessary to consider also the indicators of the sum of the quantities of climate-forming, water protection soil protection, sanitary, recreational settings. One of the main activities to increase the environmental efficiency of Parklands are landscaped logging is thinning the forests recreational purpose, aimed at the development of forest landscape restoration and enhancement of their aesthetic, recreational value and sustainability. Landscapes logging in the green zone of Ufa as noted Khayretdinov A.F. (2007) were applied as of the 60-ies of the last century, combined with cuttings, but, not having independent meaning.

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Foster, John. „Protected landscapes“. Environmentalist 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 1988): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02240285.

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Browning, Joseph. „Assembled Landscapes“. Journal of Musicology 33, Nr. 1 (01.01.2016): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2016.33.1.70.

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This article examines the folding together of music and landscape in some recent albums featuring the shakuhachi, a Japanese bamboo flute that today animates an active and international music scene. Through analysis of the texts, images, and sounds on these albums, I explore the re-imagining of the shakuhachi’s musical geography as the instrument reaches new players and places in Europe, Australia, and North America. Using recordings that incorporate environmental sounds alongside the shakuhachi, I examine ideas about the perceived authenticity of particular sounds, performance spaces, and recording aesthetics. These recordings unsettle our thinking about the relationship between music and landscape in several ways. First they document performers’ connections with particular sites, yet complicate any notion that the shakuhachi is related to a single place or nation, signalling a distinctly contemporary sense of place. Second, the centrality of mediation in these artistic projects makes technology crucial to the production of the natural and renders the naturalness of the shakuhachi audible in new ways. Third, the use of environmental sounds provokes questions about agency and the boundaries between human and non-human sound-making. By treating these albums as assemblages of material, social, technological, and natural elements, I reveal the lively and complex character of otherwise everyday musical objects.

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Soleimani, S., M. R. Malek, Z. Soleimani und R. Arabsheibani. „ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION AND ITS IMPACT ON LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION BY SALIENT ELEMENT“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (11.12.2015): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-695-2015.

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Describing a landscape means making link between concepts of visible features and people’s perception. Most landscape description methods underline salient entities which are a key trigger for wayfinding problems and tourism management. Searching for a better understanding of landscape descriptions implies to explore and identify the main visual properties that differentiate between landscapes depending on both human cognition and environmental condition. Furthermore, this environmental condition affects the credibility of data produced by people, particularly when using Volunteered Geographical Information systems which brings forward a huge amount of information. Then this paper proposes an approach to emerge patterns by which describing landscape in general and choosing salient objects in particular have been influenced.

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Bajić, Djordje, Jean C. C. Vila, Zachary D. Blount und Alvaro Sánchez. „On the deformability of an empirical fitness landscape by microbial evolution“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, Nr. 44 (15.10.2018): 11286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808485115.

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A fitness landscape is a map between the genotype and its reproductive success in a given environment. The topography of fitness landscapes largely governs adaptive dynamics, constraining evolutionary trajectories and the predictability of evolution. Theory suggests that this topography can be deformed by mutations that produce substantial changes to the environment. Despite its importance, the deformability of fitness landscapes has not been systematically studied beyond abstract models, and little is known about its reach and consequences in empirical systems. Here we have systematically characterized the deformability of the genome-wide metabolic fitness landscape of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Deformability is quantified by the noncommutativity of epistatic interactions, which we experimentally demonstrate in mutant strains on the path to an evolutionary innovation. Our analysis shows that the deformation of fitness landscapes by metabolic mutations rarely affects evolutionary trajectories in the short range. However, mutations with large environmental effects produce long-range landscape deformations in distant regions of the genotype space that affect the fitness of later descendants. Our results therefore suggest that, even in situations in which mutations have strong environmental effects, fitness landscapes may retain their power to forecast evolution over small mutational distances despite the potential attenuation of that power over longer evolutionary trajectories. Our methods and results provide an avenue for integrating adaptive and eco-evolutionary dynamics with complex genetics and genomics.

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Sandlos, John. „City, Country, Empire: Landscapes in Environmental History“. Public Historian 28, Nr. 1 (2006): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2006.28.1.140.

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Dominy, Michele D., und Veronica Strang. „Uncommon Ground: Cultural Landscapes and Environmental Values“. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 5, Nr. 1 (März 1999): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2660989.

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Doel, Marcus. „Book Review: Cultural landscapes and environmental change“. Holocene 11, Nr. 5 (Juli 2001): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968360101100515.

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Nikolaishvili, Dali, Manana Sharashenidze, Revaz Tolordava, Robert Maglakelidze, Manana Kvetenadze und Nino Kharebava. „Anthropogenic transformation of landscapes in 19th–20th centuries“. InterCarto. InterGIS 26, Nr. 4 (2020): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-4-26-385-392.

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During the period of 19th–20th centuries, there wasn’t cardinal scales of environmental degradation on the territories of Georgia, like in many regions of the world. However, this does not mean that there are no significant anthropogenic modifications to the landscape. At different times these changes were of varying intensity and territorial proportions. The aim of this study is to determine the scale of changes in various landscapes in Georgia during this period of time and the main driving forces behind them. In order to achieve this goal, the population density, the specific share of agricultural lands, especially the number of polluting industrial sites, etc., were determined by individual landscapes. It was determined which anthropogenic impacts (resettlement and large-scale construction, water and air pollution, transport, uncontrolled nature use, etc.) became the major determinants of this or that landscape. There have been identified the landscapes where the speed of use of natural resources is significantly higher than that natural resources of self-repair. The study identified 6 categories of anthropogenic transformation of Georgian landscapes. On the basis of research the degree of anthropogenic transformation of Georgia’s landscapes were established. Practically completely and strongly changed landscapes occupy only 20 % of the whole area of Georgia.The greatest area, almost 60 % of Georgia occupied by poorly changed landscapes.

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Mammadova, Jahan Siradj. „Factors influencing to formation of geosystems of southern slope of the Greater Caucasus in the Republic of Azerbaijan and assessment of landscape-environmental capacity“. RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 28, Nr. 3 (15.12.2020): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-237-251.

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The Azerbaijani part of the Greater Caucasus consists of mountain ranges, mountainous depressions and sloppy plains. Different types of relief forms and landscapes have been formed during the repetition of endogenous and exogenous processes that have emerged as a result of the mutual influence of internal and external forces on the relief. The factors which influence the southern slope geosystems of the Greater Caucasus were first studied by us. Landscape-ecological assessment of the area was carried out using suitable, satisfactory, tense, crisis-critical and standard criteria, and a landscape map was compiled on its basis. The materials include the steppe expedition data. The applied methods are landscape-geomorphological, historical, comparative, mathematical-statistical, cartographic. Resistance of natural landscapes to anthropogenic influences is determined.

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Gao, Shan, und Songfu Liu. „Exploration and Analysis of the Aesthetic Cognitive Schema of Contemporary Western Urban Landscapes“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 10 (13.05.2021): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105152.

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The multidimensional iterative composition of urban landscapes and the formation mechanism of the aesthetic perception dimension are elucidated. The cognitive schema theory aims to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of urban landscape aesthetic activities. Using London as an empirical case to explore the representation and structure of urban landscape aesthetic, a cognitive schema, the cognitive map of its urban landscape, was constructed based on the qualitative analysis of the texts derived from travel notes. Eight aspects of urban landscapes, together with 21 representative concepts of cognitive schema closely related to aesthetic perception, indicate the structures and approaches people perceive in urban landscapes. This article provides experience and reference for urban landscape enhancement and related practices in China by studying the contemporary Western urban landscape.

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Kizun, A. „Podilya environmental conditions variety as a tourism development stimulation factor“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, Nr. 45 (20.05.2014): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.45.1170.

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Regional characteristics and diversity of Podiliya environmental conditions are considered, and there is shown that they were favorable to the settlement processes and performed multiple functions at all stages of history, one of which is the ability to use environmental conditions diversity as a source of physical and spiritual recovery. Special attention is given to the Podiliya landscapes formation, as one of the attraction factors. Key words: environmental conditions, landscape, tourism, recreation, region, forest-steppe.

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Lysenko, A. V., I. O. Lysenko und T. V. Osipova. „SUBSTANTIATION OF THE NEED FOR ORGANIZATION OF A SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORY IN THE NEFTECUM CITY DISTRICT OF STAVROPOL REGION“. Innovatics and Expert Examination, Nr. 1(29) (01.07.2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-1-111-117.

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Specially protected natural territories (SPNA) occupy small areas of the Neftekumsky urban district of the Stavropol Territory. In this regard, it is relevant to justify the need to create protected areas on its territory thus making the natural landscapes of the district sustainable. The stability of landscapes was determined on the basis of the ecological-landscape principle. The indicators of landscape stability were obtained by calculating the values of the coefficients of ecological stability of the landscape. For the Neftekumsky urban district of the Stavropol Territory, these studies were conducted for the first time. As a result of the studies, it was established that the representativeness and environmental value of the protected areas existing in the Neftekum urban district do not meet the requirements for the territorial organization of ecosystems of this type, the landscapes are conditionally stable and require the partial transformation of unstable landscape elements into stable ones, which is possible when organizing a new protected area in the territory counties.

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Boetzl, Fabian A., Jochen Krauss, Jonathan Heinze, Hannes Hoffmann, Jan Juffa, Sebastian König, Elena Krimmer et al. „A multitaxa assessment of the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biodiversity management“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 10 (01.03.2021): e2016038118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016038118.

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Agri-environmental schemes (AES) aim to restore biodiversity and biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in landscapes impoverished by modern agriculture. However, a systematic, empirical evaluation of different AES types across multiple taxa and functional groups is missing. Within one orthogonal design, we studied sown flowering AES types with different temporal continuity, size, and landscape context and used calcareous grasslands as seminatural reference habitat. We measured species richness of 12 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, cicadas, orthopterans, bees, butterflies, moths, hoverflies, flower visiting beetles, parasitoid wasps, carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles, and birds) representing 5 trophic levels. A total of 54,955 specimens were identified using traditional taxonomic methods, and bulk arthropod samples were identified through DNA metabarcoding, resulting in a total of 1,077 and 2,110 taxa, respectively. Species richness of most taxonomic groups, as well as multidiversity and richness of pollinators, increased with temporal continuity of AES types. Some groups responded to size and landscape context, but multidiversity and richness of pollinators and natural enemies were not affected. AES flowering fields supported different species assemblages than calcareous grasslands, but assemblages became more similar to those in seminatural grasslands with increasing temporal continuity. Our results indicate that AES flowering fields and seminatural grasslands function synergistically. Flowering fields support biodiversity even when they are relatively small and in landscapes with few remaining seminatural habitats. We therefore recommend a network of smaller, temporally continuous AES flowering fields of different ages, combined with permanent seminatural grasslands, to maximize benefits for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service delivery in agricultural landscapes.

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