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Islam, Mohammad, und Dulal Chandra Pattak. „Impact of Macro Environmental Factors on Garments Industry That Drives Export in Bangladesh“. Studies in Business and Economics 12, Nr. 2 (28.08.2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2017-0024.
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Abstract It goes without saying that Garments industry of Bangladesh has drawn a special attention to the mass people in the world because of being both cost leader and quality leader at the same time. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the garments industry in Bangladesh which is going to be an emerging tiger in the world economy. It also aims to assess the impact of macro-environmental factors affecting the industry by PESTEL analysis. Again, five forces model has been analyzed to assess the impacts of competitive external factors on the Garments industry in Bangladesh. Furthermore, Garments sector competitive responses to the primary issues affecting the industry have been evaluated here. It also outlines the primary external influences to which this industry is subject. In this case, SWOT analysis has been conducted to assess the competitive position of this industry in comparison with the global perspective. The study suggests that total export is highly correlated with the exports of garments. It also finds that there is severe lacking in the safety and security compliance, wages and compensations and code of conduct of the current organizations. Moreover, GSP facility withdrawn can impact severely on the ready made garments of Bangladesh to compete with price in the international market with China, India and Vietnam etc. The ready made garments sector of Bangladesh is enjoying cost leadership as a source of completive advantage because of cheap labor. Finally, the study would like to recommend for further improvement of garment sector in Bangladesh.
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Dhar, Sajon, und Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury. „Impact of Environmental Accounting Reporting Practices on Financial Performance“. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20210101.oa2.
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The study intended to explore the effect of environmental accounting reporting (EAR) practices on the financial performance of the banking industry of Bangladesh. Panel data consisting of 25 listed banks in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) over the period 2012 to 2016 has been employed in this study. An environmental accounting reporting score (EARS) index has been developed by analyzing the content of banks' annual reports. Using Pooled OLS, the analysis revealed that EAR reporting had been increased after publishing the Bangladesh bank guideline. The empirical analysis showed that a significant positive correlation between EAR and profit margin (PM). However, EAR has an insignificant relationship with ROAE (return on average equity), EPS (earnings per share), and ROAA (return on average assets). Among control variables, size, capital ratio, overhead expense, and loan ratio have a significant impact on financial performance.
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PODDER, J., S. A. TAREK und T. HOSSAIN. „TRACE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PERMIAN GONDWANA COALS IN BANGLADESH BY PIXE TECHNIQUE“. International Journal of PIXE 14, Nr. 03n04 (Januar 2004): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083504000148.
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The study of trace elements level in coal arouses much interest in recent days to assess and evaluate the environmental impact related to its benefit and usage in applying it to the problem of mining site. Further, it is more important during the coal combustion in thermal power stations particularly in relation to the emission of air toxic, disposal and utilization of fly ash. The paper describes the level of nineteen environmentally significant trace elements found in recently discovered Permian Gondwana coals in Barapukuria and Khalaspir of Northwestern Bangladesh using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy. Both the mineral species and trace elements are expected to be due to sedimentary and aerobic environmental condition where the Permian coals have been generated depending on their degree of evolution.
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Nur-E-Alam, M., M. Monirul Islam, M. Nazrul Islam, Farhana Rahman Rima und M. Nurul Islam. „Quality analysis, miceller behavior, and environmental impact of some laundry detergents available in Bangladesh“. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, Nr. 6 (14.11.2015): 5468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5724-8.
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Dey, NC, MS Alam, AK Sajjan, MA Bhuiyan, L. Ghose, Y. Ibaraki und F. Karim. „Assessing Environmental and Health Impact of Drought in the Northwest Bangladesh“. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 4, Nr. 2 (22.03.2012): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10141.
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Drought, the result of regional climatic variability is one of the dominant threats to environment. This study focuses on the biophysical, environmental and health issues concerning drought occurrence in northwest region of Bangladesh. Using both primary and secondary data, the analysis revealed that, during the drought period, rainfall as the dominant factor of supplying surface water and normalizing the dryness of the nature was almost 46% lower than the previous (normal) years. Similarly, average monthly sunshine hours in the drought year was about 7% higher compared to that of the normal year. On an average, groundwater level declined more than one meter compared to the previous years. Thus, many of the tubewells turned dry or failed to supply the required quantity of water for household and irrigation purposes. A significant number of surface water bodies including ponds, ditches, canals and streams had little volume of low quality water. In normal years, almost all households used hand tubewells (HTWs) as the major source of drinking water, while in the drought period only 90% households could use HTW water since substantial proportion of the HTWs turned dry. People had to collect drinking and domestic water from far distance to meet the basic requirements. Increase in temperature and prevalence of severe dust during drought periods compared to the normal years caused different health hazards including dysentery and diarrhoea due to unsafe drinking water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10141 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 89-97, 2011
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Ferdousi Aziz, Farhana, Tahmina Sultana und Farhana Yasmin. „Impact of Green Supply Chain Managerial Practices on Environmental Sustainability: Readymade Garment Factories of Bangladesh“. International Journal of Business and Management 15, Nr. 6 (11.05.2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n6p31.
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The purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of Green Supply Chain managerial practices on environmental sustainability in the garment factories of Bangladesh. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been used to gather data through a survey. The survey respondents were mid-level SCM managers of 60 garment factories located in Gazipur. Descriptive data analysis, regression model and ANOVA have been used to show the impact of the independent variables on ‘Environmental Sustainability’. This paper has revealed that 4 variables have a statistically significant relation with the dependent variable and that lack of knowledge and government initiatives are the main reasons for low environmental sustainability. The research identifies the government initiatives that need to be taken and it also claims that there should be awareness about the significance of environmental sustainability among managers and the workforce to achieve environmental sustainability. This is important for Bangladesh, because environmental sustainability has a positive impact on the economy of the country. Previous literature has shown the benefits of GSCM and its impact on environmental sustainability in other countries. Whereas, this paper shows the current GSCM practices of the readymade garment factories of Bangladesh and shows the impact of the practices on Environmental Sustainability. The paper shows the practices that have positive and negative impact on the sustainability of the environment and it also comes up with the reasons why certain practices have a negative impact. Thus, this will help the government of Bangladesh to know about the practices that need to be continued and those that need to be improved.
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Uddin, Md Shazib, S. K. Shamim Iqbal, Md Imrul Kais Talukdar und Duc Pham. „Household energy and environmental analysis to highlight the impact of modern energy access in Bangladesh“. Cogent Engineering 4, Nr. 1 (01.01.2017): 1399510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2017.1399510.
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Chowdhury, Imtiaz Uddin, und Mohammed Alamgir. „Factors Influencing Green Product Purchase Intention among Young Consumers in Bangladesh“. Society & Sustainability 3, Nr. 2 (04.06.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/society_sustainability.v3i2.291.
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The present study aims to determine critical factors affecting the green product purchase intention of Bangladeshi young consumers. In order to investigate the relationship, a formal questionnaire survey has been conducted targeting young Bangladeshi consumers, aged between 18 and 32 years old. A total of 400 responses have been finally screened out for analysis. Data analysis was carried out through partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that young consumers’ green purchase intention (GPI) is largely determined by their attitude, environmental concern (EC), and willingness to pay (WTP). However, the impact of perceived moral obligation (PMO), on green purchase intention has been found insignificant. The study leaves specific implications for the strategic marketing decision-makers who strive to promote green product consumption in Bangladesh.
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Weber, Olaf, und Rezaul Karim Chowdury. „Corporate Sustainability in Bangladeshi Banks: Proactive or Reactive Ethical Behavior?“ Sustainability 12, Nr. 19 (27.09.2020): 7999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197999.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the connection between the sustainability performance and financial performance of Bangladeshi banks to explore the impact of the Bangladesh Environmental Risk Management Guideline. We analyzed all 56 scheduled commercial banks that are currently operating in Bangladesh under the guidelines of the Central Bank of Bangladesh. Data for the sample has been collected from publicly available reports such as annual, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, disclosed sustainability and financial information on the banks’ websites, including all bank branches, and data published from the Central Bank. Data has been analyzed using panel regression. Our results indicate that higher sustainability performance creates a higher financial performance, and that bigger banks perform better with regard to sustainability than smaller banks. The analysis did not find, however, that higher financial performance influences the sustainability performance of the banks positively. Consequently, this research contributes to the research on legitimacy-driven behavior of Bangladeshi banks. This behavior rather leads to a reactive adoption of sustainability activities instead of proactive behavior.
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Bagchi, R., MA Miah, SMT Islam und SC Shil. „Impacts on Environmental Components of the Proposed Liquefied Petroleum Gas Bottling and Distribution Plant at Dacope Khulna in Bangladesh“. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 11, Nr. 1-2 (01.10.2019): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v11i1-2.43384.
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Impact identification is the first step in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, contributing to prediction, evaluation and mitigation of significant environmental impacts. It connects the project characteristics to baseline environmental information with the aim of ensuring that all significant impacts are taken into consideration. The study location was at Dacope Upazila of Khulna District in Bangladesh. A Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) bottling and distribution plant is going to set up by Energypac Power Generation Limited. The objective of the study was to identify the impacts on the major environmental components of the study area. The field observation, interviews of project proponent and community people, public consultation, laboratory analysis were the main activities of the study along with others. This study has done an appropriate analysis of baseline condition of the major environmental components of the study area, identified the impacts of the project on major environmental components and developed an environmental management plan for the LPG bottling and distribution plant.
J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 171-181 2018
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Adyel, Tanveer Mehedi, Fayezum Nahar Begum, SM Nazrul Islam und Muhammad Hazifur Rahman. „Assessment of Environmental Aspects and Impacts of Scientific Laboratories of a University: Focus on Gap Analysis and Environmental Management System (EMS) Implementation“. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin 2 (05.09.2013): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16325.
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Environmental Management System (EMS) has become an important tool for organizations looking towards managing their environmental issues such as pollution, legal compliance and minimizing their environmental impacts. The present study was conducted to assess the environmental aspects and impact of selected scientific laboratories of Jahangirnagar University in Bangladesh with focus on the gap analysis for implementing EMS. Data and information were collected through frequent laboratory visits, focus group discussion, questionnaire survey and key informant interview. It was found that EMS was not implemented in the laboratories and the staffs and researchers of the university had very limited idea about EMS. Surface water, air and soil pollution; unsafe mixing and handling of hazardous materials and chemicals; unsustainable storage of chemicals and reagents; improper use of personal protective equipment found as the main environmental challenges in these laboratories. The maximum negative environmental impact occurred in the chemistry and botany laboratories, as large number of researchers here used high amount of chemicals and cultured media, while the minimum pollution was found in microbiology and environmental sciences laboratories. Although, the overall pollution levels were low, there were lots of gaps in introducing EMS. Therefore, initiatives should be taken. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 9-17, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16325
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Choudhury, Moharana, Srijan Goswami, Sougata Maity und Arghya Chakravorty. „The Word Cloud Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of COVID-19 on Environmental Professionals and Environmental Degree Holders: A PAN India Survey“. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i2.51558.
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Background: In addition to its impact on public health, COVID-19 has had a major impact on the Indian economy and the employment and education on the field of environmental sciences and engineering. This survey study has a mission to focus on how COVID-19 affects PAN India employment and the likely impact on education on the different environmental fields.
Methodology: We have surveyed on PAN India basis by considering different working sectors on environmental field. In our survey, questionnaires circulated by email and different social media like Facebook, WhatsApp and their opinion have been analyzed by analyzing the frequency of the words from their texts / Word Cloud Analysis.
Results and Conclusion: This survey report convey highest frequency of the word “life”, “affecting”, “Covid”, “work” which is similar with “job”, “time” “day”, “home”, “very”, “lockdown” by all environmental professionals, students and researchers. This study suggests a need for more comprehensive and longitudinal evaluation of population needs, allowing the country to design holistic initiatives for affected people.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.414-419
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Ali Shah, Syed Mustakim, und G. M. Jahid Hasan. „INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN DRY DAYS AND TEMPERATURE OF SYLHET REGION: CORRELATION ANALYSIS“. Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, Nr. 2 (28.04.2017): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.145-154.
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Climate change can have profound impact on weather conditions around the world such as heavy rainfall, drought, global warming and so on. Understanding and predicting these natural variations is now a key research challenge for disaster-prone country like Bangladesh. This study focuses on the north eastern part of Bangladesh which is a hilly region, plays an important role in the ecological balance of the country along with socio-economic development. Present study analyses the behavior of maximum temperature and dry days using different statistical tools. Pearson’s correlation matrix and Man-Kendall’s tau are used to correlate monthly dry days with monthly maximum temperature, and also their annual trend. A moderate correlation was found mostly in dry summer months. In addition, a positive trend was observed in Man Kendall’s trend test of yearly temperature which might be an indication of global warming in this region.
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Ali Shah, Syed Mustakim, und G. M. Jahid Hasan. „INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN DRY DAYS AND TEMPERATURE OF SYLHET REGION: CORRELATION ANALYSIS“. Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, Nr. 2 (28.04.2017): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.145154.
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Climate change can have profound impact on weather conditions around the world such as heavy rainfall, drought, global warming and so on. Understanding and predicting these natural variations is now a key research challenge for disaster-prone country like Bangladesh. This study focuses on the north eastern part of Bangladesh which is a hilly region, plays an important role in the ecological balance of the country along with socio-economic development. Present study analyses the behavior of maximum temperature and dry days using different statistical tools. Pearson’s correlation matrix and Man-Kendall’s tau are used to correlate monthly dry days with monthly maximum temperature, and also their annual trend. A moderate correlation was found mostly in dry summer months. In addition, a positive trend was observed in Man Kendall’s trend test of yearly temperature which might be an indication of global warming in this region.
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BEGUM, MOSS ANJUMAN ARA, BASIL MANOS und IOANNIS MANIKAS. „IMPLEMENTATION OF FERTILIZER POLICY IN BANGLADESH UNDER ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS: AN APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS MODELING“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 24, Nr. 06 (Dezember 2007): 765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595907001528.
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The analysis of the effects of fertilizer pricing on fertilizer-intensive agriculture and farms behavior ought to be an important topic of research for agricultural and environmental economists in Bangladesh. Several possibilities for fertilizer policy have been debated, in particular for the pricing of fertilizer. Following this observation, this study contributes to that discussion by simulating the impact that various policies based upon the price of fertilizer could have on agricultural production. Specifically, the study analyzes the economic, social and environmental implications of alternative fertilizer policies using a multicriteria model of farmers' behavior under different scenarios. The future agricultural and fertilizer scenarios are described in terms of the combination of policy instruments, policy style and configuration of actors. For the purpose of scenario analysis, narratives and quantitative indicator values have been compiled for each scenario. The quantitative estimates are used as input values in the modeling of fertilizing systems under policy changes. The results show that the increase of fertilizer price causes almost similar impacts as observed in the status quo scenario. The results also stress that fertilizer pricing, as a single instrument for controlling fertilizer use is not a satisfactory tool for significantly reducing fertilizer consumption in agriculture.
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ALOM, JAHANGIR, MD ABDUL QUDDUS und MOHAMMAD AMIRUL ISLAM. „NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN BANGLADESH: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS“. Journal of Biosocial Science 44, Nr. 5 (24.04.2012): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000181.
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SummaryThe nutritional status of under-five children is a sensitive sign of a country's health status as well as economic condition. This study investigated the differential impact of some demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and health-related factors on the nutritional status among under-five children in Bangladesh using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007 data. Two-level random intercept binary logistic regression models were used to identify the determinants of under-five malnutrition. The analyses revealed that 16% of the children were severely stunted and 25% were moderately stunted. Among the children under five years of age 3% were severely wasted and 14% were moderately wasted. Furthermore, 11% of the children were severely underweight and 28% were moderately underweight. The main contributing factors for under-five malnutrition were found to be child's age, mother's education, father's education, father's occupation, family wealth index, currently breast-feeding, place of delivery and division. Significant community-level variations were found in the analyses.
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Parvez Ahmed, Samiul, Sarwar Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Fahad Noor, Zaima Ahmed und Uttam Karmaker. „The policy-led sustainability and financial performance linkage in the banking sector: case of Bangladesh“. Banks and Bank Systems 14, Nr. 4 (10.12.2019): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(4).2019.09.
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Researchers in developed countries argue that banks should be free to decide about their sustainability initiatives without the interference from regulators. However, researchers in developing countries tend to think differently. This study aimed to focus on this argument by examining the linkage between sustainability and financial performance (SFP) aided through regulatory policy guidelines. In doing so, a comparative study was conducted between 2012 and 2018 to compare the pre- and post-status of SFP due to implementation of policy measures. Environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores were calculated and related with financial performance (return on assets) through regression analysis. The sample data includes 30 private commercial banks (PCBs) in Bangladesh. The analysis of the data shows that during these years, the overall sustainability performance, i.e., environmental, social and governance scores of the banks increased by 33 percent. However, the transformation of this performance into better financial performance could not been established even when age and size were taken into account. The current turbulent state of the banking sector due to growing non-performing loan has been identified as the single most influential factor for this neutral result. Research findings suggest that policy guideline initiatives do have a positive impact on bank sustainability. However, exogenous factors, such as political interference, may appease, deviate and prolong its impact on financial performance. This work will enhance the understanding of academics and policy-makers about the feasibility and impact of the policy-led sustainability model in the banking sector, particularly in developing countries.
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Islam, Md Sariful, Sabiha Ferdousy, Sonia Afrin, Md Nasif Ahsan, Mohammed Ziaul Haider und Debasish Kumar Das. „How does farmers' field schooling impact eco-efficiency? Empirical evidence from paddy farmers in Bangladesh“. China Agricultural Economic Review 12, Nr. 3 (03.07.2020): 527–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2018-0239.
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PurposeRecent studies suggest extensive use of environmental resources in agrofarming degrades ecosystem significantly. In this backdrop, this study aims at assessing ecoefficiency of paddy farming. Because ecoefficiency links up between economic performances and environmental resources supporting the provision of goods and services for the society, this study further investigates the effectiveness of attending Farmers' Field School (FFS), an agroenvironmental program, in conserving environmental resources through improving farm-level ecoefficiency.Design/methodology/approachIn a dataset of 200 randomly selected paddy farmers from three districts of the southwestern Bangladesh, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to compute both radial and pressure-specific (nutrient balance, energy balance, irrigation and pesticide lethal risk) ecoefficiency scores. Furthermore, propensity score matching (PSM) technique is applied to examine the impact of FFS program on farm-level ecoefficiency.FindingsThe DEA results suggest that paddy farmers are highly eco-inefficient. The computed radial eco-efficiency score is 0.40 implying farmers could reduce around 60% of environmental pressure equiproportionally even by maintaining the same level of value addition. In addition, the PSM results suggest farmers' participation in FFS program led to around 22.5% higher radial ecoefficiency and 7–25% higher environmental pressure-specific eco-efficiencies. Furthermore, simulation exercises reveal that FFS participation in interaction with farm size would lead to around 32–40% reduction of all environmental pressures.Practical implicationsPromoting FFS programs among paddy farmers could be an effective policy option to improve eco-efficiency through environment-friendly farming paradigm.Originality/valueThis study is probably the maiden effort that has examined the impact of attending the FFS program on ecoefficiency improvement in Bangladesh. This study contributes to both the concern literature by adding useful information and the policymakers by providing new insights about the reduction of environmental resource usage with maintaining the same value addition from agrofarming.
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Bhuiya, Abbas, und Kim Streatfield. „A hazard logit model analysis of covariates of childhood mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh“. Journal of Biosocial Science 24, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1992): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020010.
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SummaryIn a prospective study in Matlab, a rural area in Bangladesh, the relationship between a variety of covariates and childhood mortality was examined. Economic status of household, education of mother, sex of the children, health intervention programmes, age of mother, and live birth order of the children were identified as having a statistically significant impact on child survival when the effect of age was controlled. The effects of sex of the children, health programmes, age of mother, and birth order were found to be dependent on the age of the children, but the effect of mother's education was dependent on sex of the children.
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Shabnaz, Samia, und Nazrul Islam. „A Study on Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students in Bangladesh“. International Business Research 14, Nr. 10 (31.08.2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n10p13.
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Entrepreneurial intention is the function of motives and barriers encountered by the university students during their studies. As the unemployment rate among the university graduates is the highest in Bangladesh, the research focused on university students with the aim to predict their entrepreneurial behaviors. Previous studies identified different environmental contexts of the countries have different influence on the perception regarding motives and barriers of entrepreneurial intention of the students. Hence, to stimulate the development of entrepreneurship, it is important to uncover university student’s perceptions regarding the motives and barriers to develop entrepreneurship and their influences on entrepreneurial intention of the graduates. To conduct the research, the primary data were collected from 398 business students using simple random sampling method through self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic profiles of the respondents. A multivariate statistical technique like Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and Regression Analysis was used to predict the significant impact factors. It is evident in the study that the driving factors like autonomy and market opportunity has significant positive impact whereas barriers like financial and government support, lack of skills has significant negative impact on the student’s entrepreneurial intentions. This paper will assist the policy makers, educational institutions and researchers to develop several implementable strategies like enterprise education, liberal tax system, financial and regulatory support to promote entrepreneurship in a developing country like Bangladesh.
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Huang, Hui, Yongyue Wei, Yankai Xia, Liangmin Wei, Xin Chen, Ruyang Zhang, Li Su et al. „Child marriage, maternal serum metal exposure, and risk of preterm birth in rural Bangladesh: evidence from mediation analysis“. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 31, Nr. 3 (06.04.2021): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00319-3.
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Abstract Background The prevalence of preterm birth in Bangladesh is estimated to be 19.1%, the highest in the world. Although prenatal exposure to several metals has been linked with preterm birth, fewer prospective studies have investigated the socioeconomic factors that affect metal exposure, leading to preterm birth risk. Objective We aim to identify novel metal biomarkers and their critical exposure windows, as well as the upstream socioeconomic risk factors for preterm birth in rural Bangladeshi, to shed light for future interventional strategies. Methods This study included data from 780 mother–offspring pairs, who were recruited to participate in a prospective birth cohort in Bangladesh (2008–2011). Serum concentrations of 19 metals were measured in the first and second trimesters using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the upstream socioeconomic factors that affect the risk of preterm birth mediated via metal exposure concentrations. Results Early pregnancy exposure to serum zinc, arsenic, and strontium and mid-pregnancy exposure to barium were significantly associated with risk of preterm birth. Furthermore, younger marriage age was associated with an exponential increase in the risk of preterm birth, and women who married after 18 years old had a considerably lower risk of preterm birth. Mediation analysis indicated that these four elements mediated 30.2% of the effect of marriage age on preterm birth. Conclusion This study indicated that maternal serum metal exposure mediates the impact of child marriage on the increased risk of preterm birth via metal exposures. The findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying such association and provide insights into future interventional strategies.
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RAHMAN, AZIZUR, und SOMA CHOWDHURY. „DETERMINANTS OF CHRONIC MALNUTRITION AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN BANGLADESH“. Journal of Biosocial Science 39, Nr. 2 (28.03.2006): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001295.
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Summary.This study investigated the impact of some socioeconomic, demographic and health and community factors on chronic malnutrition or stunting in Bangladeshi children aged less than 5 years. The analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of stunting was 44%, of which 18% of children were severely stunted, and the demographic characteristics appeared to be the most significant factors for chronic malnutrition. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ education, household economic status, media exposure, number of under-5 children, place of delivery, child’s age, birth order, months of breast-feeding, birth size, mother’s BMI, mother’s height, age of household head, measles vaccine, supplementation of diet with liquids and regional differentials were significantly associated with severe as well as moderate stunting.
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Fattah, Md Abdul, Syed Riad Morshed, Gitisree Biswas, Md Nazmul Haque, Saifullah Bin Ansar, Md Mojammel Hoque, Fahmida Yeasmin Sami und Asma Amin Rimi. „Socioeconomic and environmental impacts of bridge construction: evidence from the Khan Jahan Ali Bridge, Khulna, Bangladesh“. International Journal of Social Economics 48, Nr. 8 (29.04.2021): 1121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2021-0023.
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PurposeKhan Jahan Ali (KJA) Bridge was constructed to promote industrial and commercial activity and improve economic and employment activity for local people. This study assessed the post-socioeconomic and environmental impacts of KJA Bridge on the inhabitants living adjacent to 2 Km from the bridge. As there is a slum adjacent to the bridge, the bridge has impacted much on the improvement of the social economic condition and lifestyle of the slum people.Design/methodology/approachThe study approached a questionnaire-based field survey data collection through interviewing the people in the surrounding areas. To assess the environmental impacts, land cover change (LCC), carbon emissions and land surface temperature (LST) data were derived from Landsat images and processed in geospatial environment.FindingsThe study suggests that after bridge construction, 84% people have new jobs and about 87% people's income level has been increased. As a tourist spot, the bridge served employment opportunities for the 12% of the inhabitants. About 83% house structures have been improved, where the percentages of pucca and semi-pucca houses increased by 11% and 23%, respectively. The frequency of school-going children and literacy rate also increased. Despite all the socioeconomic development, 7.48% agricultural, 9.75% vegetation, 1.74% waterbodies were declined. Net carbon emissions increased to 13,432.39 tons from 3,323.46 tons; average LST increased from 25.750 to 32.550°C after the bridge construction.Originality/valueThis study focused on descriptive statistical analysis and portrayed the impact of the bridge on social, economic and environment from a micro point of view.
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Samad, MA, MI Ali, D. Paul und SMA Islam. „An Environmental Impact Study of Jamuna Urea Fertilizer Factory at“. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 4, Nr. 2 (22.03.2012): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10131.
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The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K have been determined in solid and liquid samples collected from the Jamuna Urea Fertilizer Factory, Tarakandi, Jamalpur, Bangladesh. Six different types of samples, namely, i) the liquid waste water stored inside the factory ii) water sample near the liquid waste disposal point of Jamuna river iii) liquid-waste-mixed soil iv) normal soil adjacent to the factory v) the final product (Urea) and vi) urea dust of the factory have been analyzed by gamma spectrometric technique using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of 40% relative efficiency. The activity concentration of 226Ra was determined from the average concentrations of the 214Pb and 214Bi decay products, the activity concentration of 232Th was determined from the average concentrations of 208Tl and 228Ac, whereas the concentration of 40K was measured directly. The analysis of the liquid waste samples showed that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th were 3.64 ± 0.72 and 12.94 ± 2.02 Bq/L, respectively and no 40K was detected in any of the samples. In the liquid-waste-mixed soil samples the average value of activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 21.45 ± 3.19, 63.00 ± 8.10 and 311.97 ± 90.93 Bq/kg, respectively whereas in the normal soil the values were 20.97 ± 3.56, 61.77 ± 8.93 and 645.48 ± 103.62 Bq/kg, respectively. Considering the stored wastes as a part of the ambient environment of the factory, radium equivalent activity, radiation hazard index and external annual effective dose to the worker and the public due to these wastes were calculated and compared with the world average values.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10131J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 27-33, 2011
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Iqra, Nazeat Ameen, Rashed Uz Zzaman, Eugine Abhishek Rodrigues, Anisul Haque, Muhammad Shah Alam Khan und Mohammad Asad Hussain. „ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT IN THE SOUTH-WEST COASTAL REGION OF BANGLADESH USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS“. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, Nr. 36v (31.12.2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.papers.24.
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Being located in a low-lying coastal zone and having a unique brackish water ecosystem, the South-west region of Bangladesh is highly susceptible to environmental vulnerability. An assessment of environmental vulnerability over this large area of 24,188 km2 is a complex process and one of the most essential parts for any coastal zone management. Since the changes in the environmental indicators are posing adverse impacts, the environment tends to be more vulnerable. This study assesses the environmental vulnerability in 40 Upazilas (lower level of the administrative unit) in the South-west region of Bangladesh. After reviewing the literature, this study incorporated 10 relevant indicators (i.e. soil type, average temperature, vegetation change, population density, population change, road density, surface salinity, Cumulative Dry Day (CDD), Cumulative Wet Day (CWD), groundwater level). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to find the weight for each indicator in IBM SPSS 20 software and the values were normalized into a unified dimension. The generated environmental vulnerability map is assorted into five vulnerability groups consisting of very low, low, medium, high, very high vulnerabilities with an interval of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.4, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-0.6, 0.6-1.0 respectively. From the spatial analysis, it has been seen that the vulnerability groups representing very low, low, medium, high, and very high contain 10percent, 35percent, 28percent, 17percent, and 10percent of the Upazilas, respectively. The findings of environmental vulnerability assessment can support effective guidance for long-term environmental management in terms of coastal zone management. The development framework can be assessed at different spatial and temporal scales in the coastal zone with the availability of environmental indicator data and by applying the PCA method.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/iQ_CwlOBCJE
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Efroymson, D. „Hungry for tobacco: an analysis of the economic impact of tobacco consumption on the poor in Bangladesh“. Tobacco Control 10, Nr. 3 (01.09.2001): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.10.3.212.
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Rahman, Md Mustafizur, Chowdhury Sadid Alam und TM Abir Ahsan. „A life cycle assessment model for quantification of environmental footprints of a 3.6 kWp photovoltaic system in Bangladesh“. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, Nr. 2 (13.06.2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.2.113-118.
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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an extremely useful tool to assess the environmental impacts of a solar photovoltaic system throughout its entire life. This tool can help in making sustainable decisions. A solar PV system does not have any operational emissions as it is free from fossil fuel use during its operation. However, considerable amount of energy is used to manufacture and transport the components (e.g. PV panels, batteries, charge regulator, inverter, supporting structure, etc.) of the PV system. This study aims to perform a comprehensive and independent life cycle assessment of a 3.6 kWp solar photovoltaic system in Bangladesh. The primary energy consumption, resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH4, N2O, and CO2), and energy payback time (EPBT) were evaluated over the entire life cycle of the photovoltaic system. The batteries and the PV modules are the most GHG intensive components of the system. About 31.90% of the total energy is consumed to manufacture the poly-crystalline PV modules. The total life cycle energy use and resulting GHG emissions were found to be 76.27 MWhth and 0.17 kg-CO2eq/kWh, respectively. This study suggests that 5.34 years will be required to generate the equivalent amount of energy which is consumed over the entire life of the PV system considered. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to see the impact of various input parameters on the life cycle result. The other popular electricity generation systems such as gas generator, diesel generator, wind, and Bangladeshi grid were compared with the PV system. The result shows that electricity generation by solar PV system is much more environmentally friendly than the fossil fuel-based electricity generation. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
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Suman, Md Nazmul Hasan, Nagib MD Sarfaraj, Fuad Ahmed Chyon und Md Rafiul Islsm Fahim. „Facility location selection for the furniture industry of Bangladesh: Comparative AHP and FAHP analysis“. International Journal of Engineering Business Management 13 (01.01.2021): 184797902110308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18479790211030851.
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The furniture industry is growing to a great extent in Bangladesh. Many market researchers believe that the industry has enormous potentiality. However, the expansion of this industry may face complexities within a few years. Due to the wrong selection of facilities, many organizations failed to earn profit as expected. It also needs a large investment. Selecting a suitable place for a new facility is going to be the biggest question of upcoming years. This study aimed to analyze Bangladesh’s furniture industry, address the facility location problem, and provide a constructive solution to the decision-makers. In this study, seven criteria were considered: availability of raw materials, transportations, skilled labor, proximity to customers, energy availability, economic zone facility, and environmental impact, and five ideal locations or alternatives: Khulna, Chattogram, Bogura, Gazipur, and Manikganj. Thirty-four experts took part in the survey to analyze the significant criteria for selecting a furniture industry’s facility location and alternatives or potential locations for the facility. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy AHP methods (FAHP), two MCDM techniques, were used to analyze the data set. A sensitivity analysis was done to determine the model’s robustness for any critical changes in the real world. The result showed that ‘energy availability is the most significant criterion to select a facility location for the furniture industry, where it got 35.1% criteria weight in AHP and 33.9% in FAHP. ‘Chattogram’ was selected as the most suitable place containing 33.74% normalized weight in AHP and 33.81% normalized weight in FAHP.
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Dhakal, Sanjaya, Mohammad Jahirul Karim, Abdullah Al Kawsar, Jasmine Irish, Mujibur Rahman, Cara Tupps, Ashraful Kabir und Rubina Imtiaz. „Post-intervention epidemiology of STH in Bangladesh: Data to sustain the gains“. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, Nr. 12 (07.12.2020): e0008597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008597.
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In 2008, Bangladesh initiated Preventive Chemotherapy (PCT) for school-age children (SAC) through bi-annual school-based mass drug administration (MDA) to control Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections. In 2016, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s Program on Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination and STH (ELFSTH) initiated district-level community impact assessments with Children Without Worms (CWW) using standardized, population-based sampling to measure the post-intervention STH burden across all ages (≥ 1 yr) for the three STH species. The Integrated Community-based Survey for Program Monitoring (ICSPM) was developed by CWW and was used to survey 12 districts in Bangladesh from 2017–2020. We excluded the first two district data as piloting caused some sampling errors and combined the individual demographic and parasite-specific characteristics from the subsequent 10 districts, linking them with the laboratory data for collective analysis. Our analysis identified district-specific epidemiologic findings, important for program decisions. Of the 17,874 enrolled individuals, our results are based on 10,824 (61.0%) stool samples. Overall, the prevalence of any STH species was substantially reduced to 14% from 79.8% in 2005. The impact was similar across all ages. STH prevalence was 14% in 10 districts collectively, but remained high in four districts, despite their high reported PCT coverage in previous years. Among all, Bhola district was unique because it was the only district with high T.trichuris prevalence. Bangladesh successfully lowered STH prevalence across all ages despite targeting SAC only. Data from the survey indicate a significant number of adults and pre-school age children (PSAC) were self-deworming with purchased pills. This may account for the flat impact curve across all ages. Overall prevalence varied across surveyed districts, with persistent high transmission in the northeastern districts and a district in the central flood zone, indicating possible service and ecological factors. Discrepancies in the impact between districts highlight the need for district-level data to evaluate program implementation after consistent high PCT coverage.
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Barua, Prabal, Syed Hafizur Rahman und Morshed Hossan Molla. „Sustainable adaptation for resolving climate displacement issues of south eastern islands in Bangladesh“. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, Nr. 6 (20.11.2017): 790–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-02-2017-0026.
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Purpose Climate change is affecting people displacement in Bangladesh by both sudden environmental events and gradual environmental change. This paper aims to assess the sustainable adaptation measures for resolving the displacement problem induced by climate change considering the socioeconomic differences between the past and the present location of living places for island dwellers of the south-eastern coast of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted for conducting the study. The main tool of the household survey was a questionnaire survey. In addition to the estimate of displacement, the authors have used hazard impact analysis, weightage analysis and sustainable adaptation analysis with various ranking. Meaningful data were analyzed through SPSS software and presented through statistical techniques. Findings Climate change-induced different natural disasters, such as cyclone, tidal surge, tidal flood and coastal erosion, were frequent in the study areas and responsible for mass displacement. After displacement, people lost not only their identity but also social and cultural harmony and faced different economic and environmental crises. However, nearly 20 types of adaptation options were identified for protection from the displacement of coastal people. Practical implications The study prescribed 11 specific criteria and 4 principles of sustainable adaptation options for resolving the climate displacement problem. Moreover, seven adaptation practices showed high sustainability, ten showed medium sustainability and five showed low sustainability in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and implementation ability. Originality/value The study would help to establish sustainable adaptation measures through the combination of environment, economic and social harmony with regard to the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Rahman, Sanzidur. „Environmental impacts of modern agricultural technology diffusion in Bangladesh: an analysis of farmers' perceptions and their determinants“. Journal of Environmental Management 68, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4797(03)00066-5.
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Chowdhury, Tamal, Hemal Chowdhury, Ashfaq Ahmed, Young-Kwon Park, Piyal Chowdhury, Nazia Hossain und Sadiq M. Sait. „Energy, Exergy, and Sustainability Analyses of the Agricultural Sector in Bangladesh“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (30.05.2020): 4447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114447.
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Globally, the agriculture sector consumes a considerable portion of energy. Optimizing energy consumption and energy loss from different fuel-based types of machinery will increase the energy sustainability of this sector. Exergy analysis is a useful optimizing method that applies the thermodynamic approach to minimize energy loss. The main goal of this study is to highlight the impact of exergy loss on the energy sustainability of the agriculture sector. Hence, this study focuses on the implementation of exergy-based sustainability parameters to determine the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh. A comprehensive analysis combining energy, exergy, and sustainability indicators was conducted based on the data obtained from 1990 to 2017. Overall energy and exergy efficiencies varied between 29.86% and 36.68% and 28.2% and 35.4%, respectively, whereas the sustainability index varied between 1.39 and 1.54. The values of relative irreversibility and lack of productivity indices from diesel fuel are higher than that of other fuel types. Maximum relative irreversibility is 0.95, whereas maximum lack of productivity is 2.50. The environmental effect factor of diesel fuel is the highest (2.47) among all the analyzed fuel types. Replacing old farming devices and selecting appropriate farming methods, appliances, and control systems will reduce exergy loss in this sector.
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Ali, Shahjahan, Mizanur Rahman, Abu Mohammad, Shyamal Baran Saha, Arif Ul-Haque, Nazma und Ashfaque Ahmed. „LANDUSE AND LANDCOVER CHANGES AND THEIR GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN NACHOLE UPAZILA UNDER CHAPAI-NAWABGANG DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH: A RS AND GIS APPROACH“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, Nr. 9 (30.09.2018): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i9.2018.1247.
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This study has been carried out to distinguish the changing pattern of land use and its geo-environmental impacts on of Nachole Upazila of Chapai Nawabganj District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. This study investigated the changes in land-use and land cover of Nachole Upazila. Satellite images were analyzed to detect changes in land use and land-cover in the last 34 years in Barind tract of Nachole Upazila of Bangladesh. The Increase of vegetation cover and changes in land use pattern has been investigated using remote sensing satellite data. Digital analysis found the significant changes, particularly on the burned land that has been transformed mostly into vegetation (Rahman & Rahman, 2007). The study found that during the last 34 years (1983-2016) 26,484.9 hectares of the bare soil area has been converted into Garden and 5306.4 hectares to settlement. The main objectives of the study were to find out the landuse changing patterns and its Geo-environmental impacts due to these changes on Nachole Upazilla of Chapai Nawabgonj District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
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Sarkar, SK, und MK Uddin. „Multilayer cattle farming: a new dimension towards waste management and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh“. Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research 20, Nr. 1-2 (10.05.2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlr.v20i1-2.47024.
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An on-station study was conducted at demonstration farm of Rural Development Academy (RDA) Bogra, Bangladesh with objectives to determine the impact of multilayer (two storied) cattle farming on food security for achieving economical and environmental sustainability. A two storied shed for cattle rearing were built with 10:1 slope for easy drainage and disposal of urine, faeces, wash water, feed refusals to a biogas plant directly for anaerobic digestion. About 70-80% waste materials was automatically and the rest amount was transferred manually. Per annum total waste 787.67 tons was used and produced 28356 m3 biogas and 157.53 tons of organic manure. Gross return of Tk. 24,61,272 and gross profit of Tk. 1145672 was made on a capital investment for Tk. 13,15,600. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) found 1:1.87. Compared to conventional, multilayer farming significantly higher amount of fresh manure was collected. In conventional farming, on an average 39.4% of manure is lost due to rain and flood caused contamination of water and threat to public health. The analysis of per day income from a cow was significantly (p<0.01) higher in multilayer farming system compare to conventional system. The average income from manure was Tk. 24.14 and Tk. 4.62/cow, respectively. Thus, it may be concluded that multilayer cattle farming may be more profitable and effective for waste processing, reduction of pollution and sustainable development of environment.
Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 101-111, Jan-Dec 2013
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Behnam, Batool, Shafiqua Nawrin Oishi, Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin, Nazifa Rafa, Sayed Mohammad Nasiruddin, AKM Moniruzzaman Mollah und Ma Hongzhi. „Inadequacies in Hospital Waste and Sewerage Management in Chattogram, Bangladesh: Exploring Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 21 (31.10.2020): 9077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219077.
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Bangladesh has been grappling with the issues of improper hospital waste management. To reflect the inadequacies in existing management practices and the potential implications on the environment and health, this study evaluated the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of doctors and nurses in a private and a public hospital in Chattogram city via a structured questionnaire survey. At the public hospital, 20.4% of the doctors and 6% of the nurses had occupational illnesses, compared to 36% of the doctors and 26.5% of the nurses at the private hospital. At the public hospital, 67.8% of the nurses wore PPE during waste collection, compared to 17.7% in the private hospital. Hospital wastes and occupational safety are not properly dealt with in both hospitals. An inadequacy was observed in the knowledge of hospital waste management among healthcare workers. The route of hospital wastes from the sources to the end destination was also traced via interviews and focus group discussions, which revealed that disposal practices of the hospital solid waste were environmentally unsustainable. In attempts to show opportunities for environmental and health risks from the hospital wastewater, this study also investigated the quality of the wastewater and tested it for the presence of resistant enteric pathogens. E. coli and S. aureus from both hospitals showed resistance against some common antibiotics used in Bangladesh. The physicochemical properties of the samples were nearly compliant with the Bangladesh Water Quality Standards for hospital wastewater. While more robust sampling and water quality analysis are required, this study provides basic water quality indicators and scope for future research to understand the apparent significant negative impact on the environment and health.
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Das, Sourav, und Debasish Roy Raja. „Susceptibility analysis of landslide in Chittagong City Corporation Area, Bangladesh“. International Journal of Environment 4, Nr. 2 (03.06.2015): 157–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12635.
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In Chittagong city, landslide phenomena is the most burning issue which causes great problems to the life and properties and it is increasing day by day and becoming one of the main problems of city life. On 11 June 2007, a massive landslide happened in Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) area, a large number of foothill settlements and slums were demolished; more than 90 people died and huge resource destruction took place. It is therefore essential to analyze the landslide susceptibility for CCC area to prepare mitigation strategies as well as assessing the impacts of climate change. To assess community susceptibility of landslide hazard, a landslide susceptibility index map has been prepared using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model based on geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) and its susceptibility is analyzed through community vulnerability assessment tool (CVAT). The major findings of the research are 27% of total CCC area which is susceptible to landslide hazard and whereas 6.5 sq.km areas are found very highly susceptible. The landslide susceptible areas of CCC have also been analyzed in respect of physical, social, economic, environmental and critical facilities and it is found that the overall CCC area is highly susceptible to landslide hazard. So the findings of the research can be utilized to prioritize risk mitigation investments, measures to strengthen the emergency preparedness and response mechanisms for reducing the losses and damages due to future landslide events. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12635 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 157-181
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Berube, Michelle, Katrina Jewell, Kimberly D. Myers, Peter S. K. Knappett, Pin Shuai, Abrar Hossain, Mehtaz Lipsi et al. „The fate of arsenic in groundwater discharged to the Meghna River, Bangladesh“. Environmental Chemistry 15, Nr. 2 (2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17104.
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Environmental contextArsenic contamination of groundwater is a major environmental problem in many areas of the world. In south-east Asia, iron-rich reducing groundwater mixes with oxidising river water in hyporheic zones, precipitating iron oxides. These oxides can act as a natural reactive barrier capable of accumulating elevated solid-phase concentrations of arsenic. AbstractShallow, anoxic aquifers within the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Delta (GBMD) commonly contain elevated concentrations of arsenic (As), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Highly enriched solid-phase concentrations of these elements have been observed within sediments lining the banks of the Meghna River. This zone has been described as a Natural Reactive Barrier (NRB). The impact of hydrological processes on NRB formation, such as transient river levels, which drive mixing between rivers and aquifers, is poorly understood. We evaluated the impact of groundwater flow dynamics on hydrobiogeochemical processes that led to the formation of an Fe- and Mn-rich NRB containing enriched As, within a riverbank aquifer along the Meghna River. The NRB dimensions were mapped using four complementary elemental analysis methods on sediment cores: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), aqua regia bulk extraction, and HCl and sodium phosphate leaching. It extended from 1.2 to 2.4 m in depth up to 15 m from the river’s edge. The accumulated As was advected to the NRB from offsite and released locally in response to mixing with aged river water. Nearly all of the As was subsequently deposited within the NRB before discharging to the Meghna. Significant FeII release to the aqueous phase was observed within the NRB. This indicates the NRB is a dynamic zone defined by the interplay between oxidative and reductive processes, causing the NRB to grow and recede in response to rapid and seasonal hydrologic processes. This implies that natural and artificially induced changes in river stages and groundwater-tables will impact where As accumulates and is released to aquifers.
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Roy, Apurba, und Sudipa Basu. „Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Under Environmental Change in Coastal Community of Bangladesh“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 30, Nr. 1-2 (26.08.2020): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120946159.
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The life and livelihood of coastal farming communities in Bangladesh are highly vulnerable to climate and environmental change. Diversification of farmers’ income sources beyond agriculture can be an effective way to cope with the adverse impacts of environmental change. The purpose of this study is to analyse the options and determinants of livelihood diversification (LD) strategies adopted by farmers in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Multiple linear regression technique along with Simpson index, Herfindahl index and priority index have been used for the analysis. Simple random sampling and multistage sampling have been used to select the sample and the study area, respectively. The magnitude of farming household diversification is at medium level. A significant share of annual income comes primarily from fish and rice production, domestic bird rearing and working as agricultural labour. The adoption of diversified activities is strongly influenced by age and education of household head, number of earning family members, social network and government donation. The frequent occurrence of natural disasters, inadequate infrastructure and lack of financial capacity are the critical constraints to LD.
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Braun, Andreas, Falah Fakhri und Volker Hochschild. „Refugee Camp Monitoring and Environmental Change Assessment of Kutupalong, Bangladesh, Based on Radar Imagery of Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2“. Remote Sensing 11, Nr. 17 (30.08.2019): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172047.
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Approximately one million refugees of the Rohingya minority population in Myanmar crossed the border to Bangladesh on 25 August 2017, seeking shelter from systematic oppression and persecution. This led to a dramatic expansion of the Kutupalong refugee camp within a couple of months and a decrease of vegetation in the surrounding forests. As many humanitarian organizations demand frameworks for camp monitoring and environmental impact analysis, this study suggests a workflow based on spaceborne radar imagery to measure the expansion of settlements and the decrease of forests. Eleven image pairs of Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2, as well as a digital elevation model, were used for a supervised land cover classification. These were trained on automatically-derived reference areas retrieved from multispectral images to reduce required user input and increase transferability. Results show an overall decrease of vegetation of 1500 hectares, of which 20% were used to expand the camp and 80% were deforested, which matches findings from other studies of this case. The time-series analysis reduced the impact of seasonal variations on the results, and accuracies between 88% and 95% were achieved. The most important input variables for the classification were vegetation indices based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter intensity, but topographic parameters also played a role.
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Ahmed, Rizwan Raheem, und Dalia Streimikiene. „Environmental Issues and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility for Organizational Competitiveness“. Journal of Competitiveness 13, Nr. 2 (30.06.2021): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.02.01.
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The objective of this study is to examine a multi-dimensional modified conceptual model based on stakeholder theory & previous literature. The work represents an attempt to evaluate the association of environmental issues and practices of an organization’s corporate social responsibility and the impact of these two factors on overall competitiveness. We have taken four corporate social responsibility (CSR) factors regarding the environment that affect competitive organizational performance. Additionally, we incorporated green innovation as a mediator and social media marketing apps as a moderator to examine the impact on organizational competitiveness. We collected 906 responses from the manufacturing and services sectors from the regional developing Asian countries China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the UAE for more generalizable and robust results. We developed a modified questionnaire and conceptual framework to empirically test organizational performance & competitiveness. For the analysis, we employed SEM-based multivariate modeling. The study’s findings reveal that all the considered CSR factors of the environment positively and significantly impact organizational performance for competitiveness. The results further show that both green innovation as a mediator and social media marketing apps as moderators significantly impact the relationship of CSR factors of environment and organizational competitiveness. Thus, the modified conceptual model demonstrates that the environmental CSR factors are beneficial for the manufacturing and service sectors of developing economies, which create value for competitive business, society, and environment. The findings provide valuable directions for the senior management in the manufacturing and services sector to devise and implement environmental strategies for competitiveness.
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Ghimire, Amogh, Feiting Lin und Peifen Zhuang. „The Impacts of Agricultural Trade on Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from Bangladesh Using ARDL in the Presence of Structural Breaks“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (26.07.2021): 8336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158336.
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Agricultural trade significantly promotes the economic boom in developing countries. Extensive traditional agricultural production methods have increased the pressure on the agricultural environment by expanding agricultural trade, which has attracted the attention of many scholars. This study aims to empirically examine the impacts of agricultural trade on economic growth and agricultural environmental pollution in Bangladesh from 1972 to 2019, using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with a structural break to examine the long-run and short-run determinants of agricultural environmental pollution in Bangladesh. The ARDL bounds analysis methodology showed that it does not support the hypothesis that agricultural trade led to environmental pollution in the long-run. The results suggest a relationship between economic growth, energy, and FDI towards agricultural environmental pollution, indicating a positive long-run relationship. Furthermore, in the short run, agricultural trade indicates positive drivers towards agricultural environmental pollution. Therefore, it is recommended that the enhancement of trade liberalization policies should ensure cleaner technologies and products that could help reduce environmental pollution.
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Uddin, MT, und AR Dhar. „Socioeconomic analysis of hydroponic fodder production in selected areas of Bangladesh: prospects and challenges“. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 16, Nr. 1 (16.08.2018): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v16i1.37438.
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The study was conducted to assess the prospects and challenges of hydroponic fodder production in Bangladesh. A total of 40 farmers were selected purposively from Kishoregonj and Jashore districts as sample for the study. A combination of descriptive, mathematical and statistical techniques was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that average household and farm size of the farmers were 5.0 persons and 0.48 hectare, respectively. Average annual income of the farmers was Tk. 92312, of which 56.1% income was from farming activities and 43.9% income was from non-farming activities. Majority of the technology adopting farmers (35.8% farmers) were within the late majority group. Profitability analysis showed that net return and benefit cost ratio of hydroponic fodder production were Tk. 5400 per decimal and 1.82, respectively. Farm size, farming experience, training and extension contact had significant impact on farmers’ adoption of hydroponic fodder production technology. Nutritional quality of fodder, high installation cost, medicinal value for human consumption and sensitivity to temperature were the major strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of hydroponic fodder, respectively. This fodder production technology is sustainable from the perspectives of energy use, environmental safety, economic viability and social/political equity. The study recommended that input support (especially seed), motivation, training programmes and extension services by different government and non-government organizations should be properly organized and implemented in town and water logging areas to raise the farmers’ awareness for the adoption of hydroponic fodder production technology.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 233-247 (2018)
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hossain, mian b. „analysing the relationship between family planning workers’ contact and contraceptive switching in rural bangladesh using multilevel modelling“. Journal of Biosocial Science 37, Nr. 5 (25.01.2005): 529–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004007096.
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with a population of over 131 million and a fertility rate of 29·9 per 1000, population growth constitutes a primary threat to continued economic growth and development in bangladesh. one strategy that has been used to cease further increases in fertility in bangladesh involves using family planning outreach workers who travel throughout rural and urban areas educating women regarding contraceptive alternatives. this study uses a longitudinal database to assess the impact of family planning outreach workers’ contact upon contraceptive switching and upon the risk of an unintended pregnancy. using longitudinal data on contraceptive use from the operations research project (orp) of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research (icddr,b) in bangladesh, multiple decrement life table analysis and multilevel, discrete-time competing risk hazards models were used to estimate the cumulative probabilities of switching to an alternative form of contraceptive use after a woman engaged in a discussion with an outreach worker. after controlling for the effects of socio-demographic and economic characteristics, the analysis revealed that family planning outreach workers’ contact with women significantly decreases the risk of transitioning to the non-use of contraceptives. this contact also reduces the risk of an unintended pregnancy. family planning workers’ contact with women is associated with the increased risk of a woman switching from one modern method to another modern method. the study results indicate that side-effects and other method-related reasons are the two primary reasons for contraceptive discontinuation in rural bangladesh.
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Kabir, Md Humayun, und Iffat Jahan Eva. „Environmental impacts of shrimp aquaculture: the case of Chandipur village at Debhata upazila of Satkhira district, Bangladesh“. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 40, Nr. 1 (15.07.2014): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v40i1.31738.
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The present study based on primary investigations (focus group discussion, field observation, household interviews etc.), laboratory analysis for soil and water quality (heavy metal test, pH, salinity, electricity conductivity, particle size analysis etc.) and secondary materials (remote sensing data, satellite images analysis etc.) reveals that due to poor drainage system and continuous shrimp farming at Chandipur Village under Debhata Upazila of Satkhira District, salinity level of both soil and water are increasing (1.6 ppt and 13.4 ppt respectively). In addition PH, salinity, electrical conductivity of soil and water have been found in a very fragile condition. Different types of heavy and toxic metals such as Na, Fe, Cr, Zn, Ni and Pd have been detected in ghers soil.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(1): 107-119, June 2014
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Bhattacharjee, Subhra, MAZ Chowdhury, ANM Fakhruddin und MK Alam. „Impacts of Pesticide Exposure on Paddy Farmers Health“. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin 2 (05.09.2013): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16326.
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Effects of pesticide exposure on farmers health are conducted mostly in developed countries, which is rare in least developed countries like Bangladesh. Here farmers had less guidance and instruction about the preventive measures to protect themselves and environment. This work was studied to assess the impacts of pesticide exposure on the paddy farmers health in two different Upazilas of Manikganj, Bangladesh. The study was conducted as cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative components. Five hundred eighty two farmers (368 sprayers and 214 non-sprayers) were interviewed. Chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Three hundred sixty eight farmers (64.3%) sprayed pesticides and were directly exposed to chemicals. Among them 64.22% and 9.06%, farmers used moderately and highly hazardous pesticides, respectively. 257 farmers (69.8%) were not taken any protective measures to handle pesticides. Excessive sweating, burning eyes and fatigue were reported by 26.3%, 24.4% and 18.8% of the farmers, respectively. These types of symptoms were significantly associated among male farmers. The study reveals that due to lack of awareness, occupational exposures of pesticides among farmers are common in Bangladesh and it also emphasize the importance of use of personal protective equipments. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 18-25, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16326
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HOSSAIN, MIAN B., BARKAT-E. KHUDA und JAMES F. PHILLIPS. „THE EFFECTS OF OUTREACH ON PERCEIVED QUALITY OF CARE IN TWO RURAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH“. Journal of Biosocial Science 36, Nr. 5 (13.08.2004): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003006370.
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The 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development consensus called for actions that will make family planning programmes oriented to the needs and concerns of women that are served. This paper, based on data from Bangladesh, presents an illustrative analysis of how an outreach programme can be evaluated by this criterion. A scale for perceived service quality is developed from five indicators of desirable characteristics of services. Regression methods are used to assess the impact of outreach service encounters on the perceived quality scale. Econometric methods are used to adjust for endogeneity that arises from the selectivity of outreach encounters and the selective service exposure of contraceptive users. Results show that increasing contact with outreach workers increases client satisfaction with the overall quality of the Bangladesh family planning programme.
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Khan, Najeebullah, Shamsuddin Shahid, Eun-Sung Chung, Sungkon Kim und Rawshan Ali. „Influence of Surface Water Bodies on the Land Surface Temperature of Bangladesh“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 23 (28.11.2019): 6754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236754.
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Recent climate change has resulted in the reduction of several surface water bodies (SWBs) all around the globe. These SWBs, such as streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, and creeks have a positive impact on the cooling of the surrounding climate and, therefore, reduction in SWBs can contribute to the rise of land surface temperature (LST). This study presents the impact of SWBs on the LST across Bangladesh to quantify their roles in the rapid temperature rise of Bangladesh. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST and water mask data of Bangladesh for the period 2000–2015 are used for this purpose. Influences of topography and geography on LST were first removed, and then regression analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of SWBs on the LST. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test was used to assess the changes in LST and SWBs. The results revealed that SWBs were reduced from 11,379 km2 in 2000 to 9657 km2 in 2015. The trend analysis showed that changes in SWBs have reduced significantly at a 90% level of confidence, which contributed to the acceleration of LST rise in the country due to global warming. The spatial analysis during the specific years showed that an increase in LST can be seen with the reduction of SWBs. Furthermore, the reduction of 100 m2 of SWBs can reduce the LST of the surrounding regions from −1.2 to −2.2 °C.
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Sharmin, Sajia, M. Harun Ar Rashid, Ratna Begum und Sadia Sharmin Hoque. „Relative profitability of farming systems research and development (FSRD) project farmers and non-project farmers of integrated farming systems in Tangail district of Bangladesh“. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, Nr. 1 (30.04.2018): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36492.
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Integrated farming system modifies the commercial farming system which ensures higher food production to equate the demand, environmental protection through effective recycling of waste and increased farm income. The present study was undertaken to examine the relative profitability of FSRD project farmers and non-project farmers of integrated farming system. Eighty (80) farmers (40 from FSRD project and 40 from non-project farmers) were selected from Kalihati Upazila under Tangail district of Bangladesh. In the study area, vegetables, fish and poultry enterprises were integrated under technological intervention. The waste of poultry farm was used in fish production and the soil of the pond was used in vegetables cultivation. Per hectare net returns from integrated farming were estimated at Tk513458.10 and Tk256511.90for FSRD project farmers and non-project farmers, respectively. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.66 for FSRD project farmers and1.37 for non-project farmers. In functional analysis, human labor, fingerling, feed, fertilizer, insecticides costs in case of FSRD project farmers and human labor, feed, salt and lime costs in case of non-project farmers had significant impact on per hectare return of integrated farming. FSRD project farmers were more profitable than the non-project farmers. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is great scope to improve the overall economic condition of farmers through introducing integrated farming system in Tangail District of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 117-122, April 2018
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Iqbal, Qaisar, Noor Hazlina Ahmad und Yongmei Li. „Sustainable Leadership in Frontier Asia Region: Managerial Discretion and Environmental Innovation“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 9 (29.04.2021): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095002.
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Climate change brings severe impact to frontier Asia in the shape of its significant negative effect on workability and livability. Drawing on the upper echelon theory (UET), this study aims to investigate the mechanism and conditional factors of a sustainable leadership–environmental performance relationship. Employing cluster sampling, this study has collected data from small and medium enterprises in frontier Asian countries—Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. In this study, the authors have collected 245 valid responses with a response rate of 41%. The authors have employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis to test the proposed hypothesis. The present empirical findings confirm the significant effect of sustainable leadership on environmental innovation and the significant effect of environmental innovation on environmental performance. The current study confirms that sustainable leaders indirectly influence environmental performance through environmental innovation. Nevertheless, its effect on environmental innovations does not amplify in the presence of managerial discretion. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in its nature that has explored the integrated role of sustainable leadership, environmental innovation, managerial discretion, and environmental performance. Limitations and implications have been listed at the end of the study.
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Rahman, Md Mostafizur, und György Szabó. „Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Urban Ecosystem Service Value in Dhaka, Bangladesh“. Land 10, Nr. 8 (28.07.2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080793.
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Urban ecosystem services provide a wide range of services to sustain life, social relation, health, etc., and address most of the challenges, including climate change and environmental pollution. While it is recognized that the urban ecosystem substantially contributes to human well-being in cities, there is less attention to consider the value of urban ecosystem service in urban planning and policymaking. This study analyzed the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics of city of Dhaka over the past three decades (1990–2020) to evaluate the impact of LULC on ecosystem services value (ESV). The estimation of ESV in relation to LULC has been done using the globally used benefits transfer method (BTM). Findings of the study show that built-up area has increased by 188.35% from 1990 to 2020, with an average annual growth rate is about 6.28%. The analysis of ESV shows that it has decreased by 59.55% (85 million USD) from 142.72 million USD in 1990 to 57.72 million USD in 2020 due to the development of the built-up area through conversion of agricultural land, waterbodies, and forest and vegetation land. This study also identified that waterbodies are the greatest contributor to ESV. The result on the elasticity of ESV in relation to LULC implies that about 1% transition in LULC would result in about 0.33% change in total ESV during the study period. We believe that the findings of this study would serve as a reference for the policy maker and urban planner to devise appropriate land use decision to ensure sustainable urban development of Dhaka.