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Thematische Bibliographien / Environmenal gradient / Bücher

Bücher zum Thema „Environmenal gradient“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 7. Juli 2024

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1

George, Mulamoottil, Warner Barry G, McBean Edward A und University of Waterloo. Wetlands Research Centre., Hrsg. Wetlands: Environmental gradients, boundaries, and buffers. Boca Raton: CRC, Lewis Publishers, 1996.

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2

Heilmayer, Olaf. Environment, adaptation, and evolution: Scallop ecology across the latitudinal gradient = Umwelt, Anpassung und Evolution : Ökologie der Jakobsmuscheln im latitudinalen Gradienten. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004.

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3

Davison, William, und Hao Zhang, Hrsg. Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films for Environmental Measurements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316442654.

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4

Zajdlik, B. A. Report on biological toxicity tests using pollution gradient studies - Sydney Harbor. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, Marine Environment Division, 2000.

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5

Mascarenhas, A. C. Poverty, environment, and livelihood along the gradients of the Usambaras in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Research on Poverty Alleviation, 2000.

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6

Erwin, Beck, Hrsg. Gradients in a tropical mountain ecosystem of Ecuador. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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7

Walker, Larry L. Environmental gradients of potential rangeland vegetation in the interior Pacific Northwest: A chart book. Portland, OR: Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office, 1996.

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8

Law, R. D. Strain-gauge balance performance and internal temperature gradients measured in a cryogenic environment. London: HMSO, 1992.

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9

Monahan, Patricia. Pollution report card: Grading America's school bus fleets. Cambridge, MA: Union of Concerned Scientists, 2002.

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10

Edelman-Furstenberg, Yael. Ecological trends across a human-impact organic load gradient along the Mediterranean shore: Benthic macrofaunal evidence. Jerusalem: Geological survey of Israel, 2008.

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11

Bakkestuen, V. Vegetation composition, gradients and environment relationships of birch forest in six references areas in Norway. Oslo, Norway: Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 2010.

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12

Edelman-Furstenberg, Yael. Ecological trends across a human-impact organic load gradient along the Mediterranean shore: Benthic macrofaunal evidence. Jerusalem: Geological survey of Israel, 2008.

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13

Kennen, Jonathan G. Relation of environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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14

Muscarella, Robert. Functional and Phylogenetic Dimensions of Tree Diversity Across Environmental Gradients in Puerto Rico: Insights to community assembly processes. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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15

Kennen, Jonathan G. Relation of environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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16

Center, Byrd Polar Research, National Science Foundation (U.S.) Workshop und National Science Foundation (U.S.). Workshop., Hrsg. Latitudinal ecosystem (LAT-ECO) responses to climate across Victoria Land, Antarctica: Report of a National Science Foundation Workshop : Victoria Land, Antarctica, Coastal Biome, Marine-Terrestrial Biocomplexity Across a High Latitudinal Environmental Gradient, Byrd Polar Research Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, 26-29 April 2001. Columbus, Ohio: Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, 2001.

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17

Conference, Ontario Educational Research Council. [Papers presented at the 31st Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 8-9, 1989]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.], 1989.

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18

Conference, Ontario Educational Research Council. [Papers presented at the 30th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 2-3, 1988]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.], 1988.

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19

Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 32nd Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 7-8, 1990]. [Ontario: s.n.], 1990.

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20

Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 36th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 2-3, 1994]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.], 1994.

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21

Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 4 - 5, 1992]. [Ontario: s.n.], 1992.

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22

Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 35th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 3-4, 1993]. [Toronto, Ont: s.n, 1993.

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23

Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 28th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, Dec. 1986]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.]., 1986.

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24

Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 33rd Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 6-7, 1991]. [Ontario: s.n.], 1991.

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25

James, Philip. Spatial patterns. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.003.0008.

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In this chapter, the discussion focuses on the spatial variation of species within urban environment. Studies on urban–rural gradients are discussed. These are studies along gradients of disturbance and environmental stress. The extreme heterogeneity of urban environments, where contrasting urban forms are juxtaposed, is recognized as an issue in drawing generalities. Despite this, some limited generalities in the patterns of species richness and density can be detected. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is discussed and its limitations identified. Examples are presented from a number of taxa where different spatial distribution patterns are observed. There is also a brief consideration of r- and K-selected species and of urban avoiders and adaptors and how their distributions are affected by urban environments. While it is possible to make general statements regarding the distribution of biodiversity across an urban environment, considerable variations exist in terms of individual species.

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26

Mulamoottil, George. Wetlands: Environmental Gradients, Boundaries, and Buffers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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27

Mulamoottil, George. Wetlands: Environmental Gradients, Boundaries, and Buffers. CRC, 1996.

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28

Mulamoottil, George. Wetlands: Environmental Gradients, Boundaries, and Buffers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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29

Mulamoottil, George. Wetlands: Environmental Gradients, Boundaries, and Buffers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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30

Mulamoottil, George. Wetlands: Environmental Gradients, Boundaries, and Buffers. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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31

Jacobsen, Dean, und Olivier Dangles. Energy flow and species interactions at the edge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 elucidates the relationships between the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems at high altitude through the description of material cycles and food webs. Following the landscape continuum model, material cycling is profoundly influenced by the physical structure of the waterscape (e.g. vegetation cover); as a result a great diversity of energetic pathways characterize high altitude waterscapes, along an autotrophy–heterotrophy gradient. Similarly, high altitude aquatic food webs embrace a great diversity of trophic compartments, feeding strategies, and processes (trophic cascades and terrestrial subsidiarity) that are profoundly shaped by environmental harshness. Harsh conditions also generate stress gradients along which the strength and direction of species interactions (from competition to facilitation) and their functional role (e.g. as ecosystem engineers) are modified. The resulting structural and functional changes affect in turn species coexistence and trigger potential ecosystem shifts.

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32

Davison, William. Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films for Environmental Measurements. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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33

Davison, William. Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films for Environmental Measurements. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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34

Davison, William. Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films for Environmental Measurements. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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35

Wright, A. G. Environmental considerations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0012.

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Magnetic fields, with a magnitude comparable with that of the earth (10−4 tesla), affect trajectories of electrons and hence gain and collection efficiency. The inclusion of a high-permeability shield usually offers sufficient protection. Photomultiplier (PMT) performance is affected by electric field gradients generated by the proximity of a metal housing. The design criteria of such housings are discussed. Strong magnetic fields of the order of a tesla require special devices. Operation in harsh environments such as those encountered in oil well logging requires performance at high temperature (200 °C) and in situations of high shock and vibration expressed in terms of power spectral density. Rugged PMTs can meet all these requirements. Applications at cryogenic temperatures, such as liquid argon, can also be met with special PMTs.

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36

Olsen, Jan Abel. The social environment and health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0007.

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This chapter explores three main issues related to the analyses of the social gradient in health: correlations, causations, and interventions. Observed correlations between indicators of socioeconomic position and health do not imply that there are causations. The usefulness of various indicators is discussed, such as education, income, occupation categories, and social class. A causal pathway is presented that suggests a chain from early life circumstances, via education, occupation, income, and perceived status onto health. The chapter ends with a discussion of various policy options to reduce inequalities in health that are caused by social determinants.

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37

Jacobsen, Dean, und Olivier Dangles. Ecology of High Altitude Waters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.001.0001.

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This book brings together current knowledge on patterns and processes in the ecology of streams, lakes, and wetlands situated at more than 3000 m above sea level. The alpine headwaters of the large Asian rivers and Lake Titicaca are both well-known and iconic examples. High altitude waters include more than these systems—they are both numerous and cover many habitat types, organisms, and specializations. The book provides an overview of the variety of aquatic ecosystems and habitats, their environmental features, prominent species, and their functional adaptations to the harsh aquatic environmental conditions through to global diversity patterns along altitudinal gradients, community dynamics, species interactions and dispersal, trophic relations, and energy flows. High altitude waters are ideal systems to address a broad range of topical themes in ecology because patterns and processes are both diverse and singular. The book highlights how key concepts in ecology (e.g. the stress gradient hypothesis, the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship) could find relevant study models in high altitude waters. The usual perception of pristine mountain waters is far from true, particularly in the case of high altitude waters at low latitudes where human population density is often high, and local communities live in intimate contact with, utilize, influence, and exploit these aquatic systems. Climate change effects, extinction risks of mountain populations due to vanishing glaciers, multiple human impacts, management, and conservation are also treated thoroughly. The book is richly illustrated with diagrams and numerous pictures of these poorly known systems and species.

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38

Dang, Hongyue, Martin G. Klotz, Charles Lovell und Stefan M. Sievert, Hrsg. The Responses of Marine Microorganisms, Communities and Ecofunctions to Environmental Gradients. Frontiers Media SA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-807-3.

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39

Munger, Kassandra L. The Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: An Historical Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0080.

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The descriptive epidemiology has proved to be dynamic with attenuation of the latitude gradient, increase in incidence among women, and changes in the sex ratio over time, indicating that recent changes in environmental factors are responsible. Although we still do not know the causes of MS, or how to prevent it, the current evidence supports causal roles for EBV infection, vitamin D, and cigarette smoking.

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40

McNair, Catherine M. Dynamic deep chlorophyll maxima and their association with environmental gradients: A multivariate analysis. 1995.

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41

Beck, Erwin, Reinhard Mosandl, Jörg Bendix, Franz Makeschin und Ingrid Kottke. Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador. Springer, 2010.

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42

Blier, Pierre Ulrich, Carlos Rosas und Nelly Tremblay, Hrsg. Evolutionary and Integrative Approaches for Revealing Adaptive Mechanisms in Marine Animals along Environmental Gradients. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-981-6.

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43

Esposito, Luigi, und Laura L. Finley. Grading the 44th President. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400658716.

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How has Barack Obama done in his first term as a "progressive president," especially in relation to his campaign assertions? This book analyzes the performance of Obama and his administration in promoting progressive causes in a wide range of policy areas, including the economy, education, immigration, healthcare reform, criminal justice, and foreign affairs. Grading the 44th President: A Report Card on Barack Obama's First Term as a Progressive Leader is written in clear language that is free of jargon and from a leftist perspective, offering a comprehensive analysis and critique of Obama's performance as a progressive president during his first term. The authors provide in-depth analyses with respect to Obama's handling of specific issues, including the economy, education, healthcare, criminal justice policy, the environment, immigration, Iraq and Afghanistan, race relations, gender issues, and gay/lesbian issues, covering topics in detail that general biographies of Obama and examinations of his political career miss. This book presents clear, accessible information for general readers, and contains in-depth discussion of topics useful to high school, college, and university students of sociology, government, political science, philosophy, and history.

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44

Meurant, Gérard. The Lanczos and Conjugate Gradient Algorithms: From Theory to Finite Precision Computations (Software, Environments and Tools). SIAM, 2006.

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45

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Thermal Gradient Cyclic Behavior of a Thermal/Environmental Barrier Coating System on SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites. Independently Published, 2018.

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46

Lutsenko, V. I., I. V. Lutsenko, D. O. Popov und I. V. Popov. Remote sensing of the environment using the radiation of existing ground and space radio systems. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.429.345.

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Possibilities of using existing ground (TV centers, broadcasting stations) and space (global navigation satellite systems) radio systems for solving the problem of remote sensing and monitoring of the environment and objects in it are considered. The methods of diagnostics of the troposphere, description of the refractive index with the use of semi-Markov processes and atomic functions of Kravchenko-Rvacheva are proposed. The seasonal and altitudinal dependencies of radio-meteorological parameters and radio-climatic features of Ukraine were studied. Technologies for determining the effective gradient of the refractive index by damping factor of the VHF signals of television centers on the OTH routes in the zone of the near geometric shadow, on the angles of radioa "rise" and "sets" of the AES, detection of precipitation zones by the fluctuations of the pseudoranges and changes of the coordinates estimates, parameters of the surface of the earth by the fluctuations of the GNSS signals. Reviewers: Head of the Department of Radio waves propagation in the natural environments of the O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics NASU, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Kivva F.V., Professor of the Department of Designing Radioelectronic Devices of Aircraft of the National Aerospace University. M.E. Zhukovsky (KhAI), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Volosyuk V.K.

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47

Brondfield, Max N. Defining the urban-to-rural gradient: An analysis of CO2 emissions inventories and patterns of spatial variation in the greater Boston area. 2011, 2011.

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48

Olsen, Jan Abel. Exogenous determinants of health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0006.

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This chapter considers some determinants that lie completely outside of people’s own control. For such exogenous causes of ill health, the unlucky ones cannot be held responsible for their misfortune. Still, some of these causes are avoidable, in the sense that effective policy interventions exist. Biological variations are in general unavoidable. The chapter investigates two types of determinants associated with early life circumstances. The most systematic health difference that an individual is affected by is whether born a boy or girl: women live 5–6% longer than men. Childhood differences in health follow a strong social gradient, and some figures are included to prove this sad fact. One additional exogenous determinant is the physical environment that affects people’s health. A simple model is presented to show how unhealthy externalities can be reduced by imposing pollution taxes: the polluter pay principle.

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49

Worm, Boris, und Derek P. Tittensor. A Theory of Global Biodiversity (MPB-60). Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154831.001.0001.

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The number of species found at a given point on the planet varies by orders of magnitude, yet large-scale gradients in biodiversity appear to follow some very general patterns. Little mechanistic theory has been formulated to explain the emergence of observed gradients of biodiversity both on land and in the oceans. Based on a comprehensive empirical synthesis of global patterns of species diversity and their drivers, this book develops and applies a new theory that can predict such patterns from few underlying processes. The book shows that global patterns of biodiversity fall into four consistent categories, according to where species live: on land or in coastal, pelagic, and deep ocean habitats. The fact that most species groups, from bacteria to whales, appear to follow similar biogeographic patterns of richness within these habitats points toward some underlying structuring principles. Based on empirical analyses of environmental correlates across these habitats, the book combines aspects of neutral, metabolic, and niche theory into one unifying framework. Applying it to model terrestrial and marine realms, the book demonstrates that a relatively simple theory that incorporates temperature and community size as driving variables is able to explain divergent patterns of species richness at a global scale. Integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives, the book yields surprising insights into the fundamental mechanisms that shape the distribution of life on our planet.

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50

Beninger, Richard J. Dopamine and the elements of incentive learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0003.

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Dopamine and the elements of incentive learning explains how, in lever pressing for food tasks, incentive learning produces a gradient of attractiveness of environment stimuli: during magazine training, food activates dopaminergic neurons and the click and food cup become conditioned incentive stimuli, acquiring the ability to elicit approach and other responses; during lever-press training, the click activates dopaminergic neurons and the lever and lever-related stimuli become conditioned incentive stimuli. In conditioned place preference, amphetamine enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission and stimuli paired with amphetamine become conditioned incentive stimuli. In conditioned activity experiments, test-box stimuli paired with a dopamine-enhancer, e.g., cocaine, produce greater activity revealing incentive learning. In conditioned avoidance, the offset of an aversive warning stimulus putatively activates dopaminergic neurons leading safety-related stimuli to become conditioned incentive stimuli. If trained animals are treated with a dopamine receptor blocker, the initially intact ability of conditioned incentive stimuli to control responding declines over trials.

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