Thematische Bibliographien / Enviro-economic

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Enviro-economic“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 23. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Enviro-economic"

Graciano, José E. A., Benoît Chachuat und Rita M. B. Alves. „Enviro-economic assessment of thermochemical polygeneration from microalgal biomass“. Journal of Cleaner Production 203 (Dezember 2018): 1132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.227.

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Daniels, Peter L. „Australia's Enviro-Economic Dilemma and the World View Of Buddhism“. Australian Journal of Social Issues 23, Nr. 2 (Mai 1988): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1988.tb01278.x.

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Arora, Pratham, Andrew F. A. Hoadley, Sanjay M. Mahajani und Anuradda Ganesh. „Small-Scale Ammonia Production from Biomass: A Techno-Enviro-Economic Perspective“. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55, Nr. 22 (26.05.2016): 6422–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04937.

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Shoeibi, Shahin, Nader Rahbar, Ahad Abedini Esfahlani und Hadi Kargarsharifabad. „A comprehensive review of Enviro-Exergo-economic analysis of solar stills“. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 149 (Oktober 2021): 111404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111404.

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Aisa, Lisa, Sulthon Arif Rakhman, Difa Ashmamillah, Desi Mutiara Fani und Gilang Aji Pradana. „“Enviro School" Education House of Waste Utilization to Create Environmental Care Generation“. Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 4, Nr. 1 (31.07.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.4.1.1-11.

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Most of the people at Ciaruteun Ilir Village, Cibungbulang Subdistrict, Bogor District are trashing the river. Population growth and consumption pattern change causes the volume, type, and characteristics of existing waste is increasing, especially household waste. Beside from households, there are also a lot of garbage has coming from the agricultural sectors. The main factors causing the community dispose garbage into the river is the unavailability of landfills, awareness and knowledge of the community related to waste management and utilization is still quite low. Seeing these conditions, the team through the Student Creativity Program for Community Service educate how about the management and utilization of waste named enviro school. Enviro school aims to shape the caring behavior of environmental community through environmental education start from an early age, grouping garbage independently, forming the institution of trash bank, and creating creative products from waste through the creation of vermicompost institutions and handicrafts with functional and economic value with target adult people on Ciaruteun Ilir Village RT 05/03. Enviro school has methods through 7 classes, it is pre class, first class, class, green class, brown class, white class, and enviroducation fair. Based on pre test results conducted at the beginning of the program, only 30.90% of people understand the concept of waste management and utulization, then an increase after four months running through the post test of 92.69%. Successfully this program visible from the increased awareness and knowledge about management and utulization of waste, the establishment of enviro trash bank as a structural institution for waste management, increased youth skills in the utilization of organic waste become vermicompost, and increasing skills of mothers in the utilization of anorganic waste.

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Vadiee, Amir, und Mahmoud Yaghoubi. „Enviro-Economic Assessment of Energy Conservation Methods in Commercial Greenhouses in Iran“. Outlook on Agriculture 45, Nr. 1 (März 2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/oa.2016.0232.

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Rezaie, Behnaz, Bale V. Reddy und Marc A. Rosen. „An enviro-economic function for assessing energy resources for district energy systems“. Energy 70 (Juni 2014): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.101.

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Sharon, H., und K. S. Reddy. „Performance investigation and enviro-economic analysis of active vertical solar distillation units“. Energy 84 (Mai 2015): 794–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.045.

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D’iakov, M. Iu. „The Economic Eco-Intensity in Kamchatka Krai as an Indicator of Transition to Enviro-Economic Balance“. Problems of Economic Transition 58, Nr. 10 (02.10.2016): 876–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2016.1290441.

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Pal, Piyush, Ajaya Ketan Nayak und Rahul Dev. „A Modified Double Slope Basin Type Solar Distiller : Experimental and Enviro–Economic Study“. Evergreen 5, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/1929730.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Enviro-economic"

Al-Saqlawi, Juman. „Residential roof-top solar PV systems : techno-economic feasibility and enviro-economic impacts“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58104.

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The residential sector represents 27% of global energy consumption and 17% of global CO2 emissions. Scaling up what we already know how to do through the use of solar PV technologies could decarbonise electricity demand and play a considerable role in mitigating climate change. Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis is to develop a novel step by step approach in order to assess the potential of implementing roof-top solar PV/battery technologies, defined as grid-independent systems, that target the complete decarbonisation of electricity demand per household. The approach adopted was to use Oman as a primary case study and Mexico as a secondary case study in order to determine the characteristics of the solar panel and the battery facility required to provide grid-independence. This was then compared to a similar grid-connected system and any techno-economic targets necessary to enhance the feasibility of residential roof-top PV systems were identified. Such an analysis was achieved through developing a detailed techno-economic mathematical model describing four sub-systems; the solar panel DC source, the grid-independent sub-system, the grid-connected sub-system and the economic sub-system. The model was implemented in gPROMS and uses real hourly weather and climate conditions matched with real demand data, over a simulated period of 20 years. Following the techno-economic assessment, an enviro-economic analysis was applied to the main case study, Oman, where the wider impacts of residential roof-top PV systems on the economy and the environment were assessed through quantifying any financial benefits, avoided CO2 emissions and net jobs created. The results indicate that, in the context of the systems studied, grid-independent PV systems are not feasible. However, combined with a high enough electricity price, grid-independent systems can become economically feasible with significant reductions in battery costs (> 90% reductions). This can only be achieved through further research and innovation in battery technologies. Comparatively, with the appropriate electricity prices, PV costs and policies, grid-connected systems were identified to have great potential in countries that are characterised with high solar irradiance such as Oman and Mexico. In terms of enviro-economic benefits, residential roof- top PV systems were found to have the potential to significantly reduce overall CO2 emissions and result in notable economic benefits to a specific country. However, this is dependent on the country under consideration. Finally, it was recommended that in order to achieve more accurate net job creation estimations from renewable systems, country specific models should be developed since current analytical models are characterised with great uncertainty.

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Resalati, Shahaboddin. „An assessment methodology for enviro-economic justification of low and zero carbon technologies“. Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2015. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/35284915-cfae-4ffe-b52c-e30142b798bb/1/.

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The imperative to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings will inevitably require adopting higher levels of insulation and on-site low and zero carbon technologies. This will significantly increase the embodied carbon of materials and products that have been used in the building. With buildings requiring less operational energy, future low and zero carbon buildings could see equivalence between operational and embodied carbon. It is essential therefore that embodied carbon is factored into carbon reduction strategies. Hence, this research has established an assessment methodology based on a combined operational and embodied carbon analyses as means of providing more representative assessments of life cycle carbon burdens and cost appraisals for low and zero carbon building technologies. The methodology has been applied to a series of case studies of low and zero carbon building technologies to provide exemplar quantified appraisals of selected products. The case studies include insulation materials (Polyurethane, mineral wool, VIP and hemp) and renewable technologies (Photovoltaics and Transpired Solar Collectors) applied with different operational scenarios to selected industrial (small and medium warehouses and retail sheds), residential (semidetached house) and office (typical 4 storey) buildings. The application of the methodology identifies how the inclusion of embodied CO2 in carbon reduction equations can suggest ‘death points’ (points beyond which associated embodied carbon outweighs the operational carbon savings) for conventional building technologies and ‘birth points’ (points beyond which novel technologies are required to offset the carbon disbenefit of conventional technologies) for novel products. This for the first time introduces sensible ‘maximum’ level of insulation that can be incorporated into buildings or required by standards, and sets limits to the amount by which current approaches to carbon thrift can be escalated. The study demonstrates the absolute significance of combining operational and embodied carbon analyses in demonstrating the effectiveness of carbon reduction strategies and requirements to shift away from ‘operational carbon only’ methods. The approach must be an integral part of any holistic appraisal of low and zero carbon performance.

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Morgan, Jake Roberts. „Tracking the little black 'rain' clouds: an enviro-economic analysis of ambient air pollution effects on pediatric asthma“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/morgan/MorganJ0512.pdf.

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Epidemiological studies routinely demonstrate a positive correlation between ambient air pollution and respiratory aggravation. Potential benefits from federal regulations to economic and physical health of individuals, however, are not well understood by either law makers or voters. As the EPA implements new regulations targeting SO ₂ emissions, robust empirical analysis can frame the policy issue as one of statistical and economic analysis. The Asthma Call Back Survey extension of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collects detailed data on symptoms, intervention methods, and demographics of individuals with asthma as well as associated ZIP-level spatial identification. The EPA's Acid Rain emissions database records detailed emission data for every power plant in the country. Together, these data can be used to link detailed asthma information with nearby plant emission levels, providing the foundation for an in-depth enviro-economic analysis of SO &#8322 effects on pediatric asthma aggravation and potential long term human capital investment. Using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression technique, the study estimates the effect that pollution has on days of missed school the provides insight into educational effects of emissions and presents the issue as one important to child development. The results and policy-oriented sensitivity analysis demonstrate the clear benefits of coal power plant pollution reduction, and suggest policy and education solutions which can mitigate negative asthma outcomes and promote educational attainments.

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Rimec, Daniel. „Multidimensional Assessment For a Case Studied Zero Energy Building : Climate positive buildings with and without a connection to the district heating network“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54650.

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The purpose of this report is to get an overview of the CO2 reduction possibilities when adopting different renewable energy source, when the case studied building sustains a district heating network connection and when not, and how the renewable energy source flexibilities (Solar and Wind) differ depending on region. The method regards a ETC house that falls into the climate positive category and assesses the reduction when comparing CO2 emissions form the energy demand. The result for the flexibilities is then compared to the BBR demand. The result shows a difference of around 10% in production for the flexibilities when comparing the northern and middle region with the southern. And a decrease between 19-36% gCO2. Comparing a scenario with and without a connection to the district heating network showed that when the ground source heat pump offsets the energy demand, CO2, and cost reductions (6 and 4% respectively) can be seen. With an average installation cost, the payback period for the ground source heat pump can be estimated to be around 4 year. In conclusion the thesis project shows that the climate is a ruling factor when assessing energy questions for the residential sector. It also shows the difference in CO2 and cost that comes with it can be reduced and help mitigated the sectors effects on the environment. This in turn shows that the overall reduction of CO2 for the case studied building follows the demands and goals set by the European commission and gives motivation to expand the construction as cost is also reduced.

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Ernst, Kendall Robert. „An enviro-economic assessment of waste vegetable oil to biodiesel conversion : an analysis of cost and GHG emissions for the University of Texas at Austin“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26254.

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With its multiple dining halls, close proximity to restaurants, and diesel vehicle fleet, the University of Texas at Austin (UT) has both the supply of raw materials to implement a waste vegetable oil to biodiesel recycling program and the capacity to use it. At face value, implementing a large-scale recycling program provides a source of cheap, low emissions fuel. However, the feasibility of such a program is contingent on its economic cost and environmental impact relative to alternative fuel sources. Thus, this research estimated the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the unit cost associated with 1 megajoule worth of recycled biodiesel derived from three production processes –Alkali Catalyzed, Acid Catalyzed, and Supercritical Methanol–using environmental life cycle assessment and life cycle costing. These GHG inventories and unit costs were then compared to the conventional diesel and oilseed biodiesel sources that make up UT’s current fuel portfolio. This analysis suggested that implementing a recycling program using a Supercritical Methanol biodiesel conversion process would have the lowest combined GHG impact and unit cost, although as an emerging technology, it poses a high investment risk. In general, these findings are encouraging to the success and impact of a large-scale recycling program.
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Bücher zum Thema "Enviro-economic"

Sustainable development in international law: An analysis of key enviro-economic instruments. Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press, 2007.

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Anderson, Terry Lee. Enviro-capitalists: Doing good while doing well. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997.

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United Nations Centre for Human Settlements., Hrsg. People, settlements, environment, and development: Improving the living enviro[n]ment for a sustainable future. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Enviro-economic"

Galaa, A. „Enviro-Economic Evaluation of Dumpsite Rehabilitation Solutions in Developing Countries“. In Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, 15–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01929-7_2.

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Singh, Pushpendra, und M. K. Gaur. „Enviro-Economic Analysis of Ginger Drying in Hybrid Active Greenhouse Solar Dryer“. In Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Computing, 117–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1220-6_11.

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Rawat, Rahul, S. C. Kaushik, Tarun Singh und S. Manikandan. „Techno-Enviro-Economic Feasibility of CdTe and Micromorph-Based Thin-Film PV Systems“. In Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 1, 663–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2666-4_63.

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Joshi, Poonam, G. N. Tiwari und T. S. Bhatti. „Enviro–Economic Analysis and Production Cost of Distilled Water Obtained from Cooling Condensing Active Single Slope Solar Still“. In Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India, 147–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51427-3_12.

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Bernardi, Andrea, Jose E. A. Graciano und Benoît Chachuat. „Production of chemicals from syngas: an enviro-economic model-based investigation“. In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 367–72. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818634-3.50062-x.

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Gulati, Manisha, und Louise Scholtz. „Socio-enviro-economic impacts of biofuels: Weighing the risks and benefits for southern Africa“. In Roadmap for sustainable biofuels in southern Africa, 85–110. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845277585-85.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Enviro-economic"

Louis, Jean-Nicolas, Eva Pongracz und Kauko Leiviska. „The trade-off between technology deployment and enviro-economic benefits in smart buildings“. In 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2015.7216691.

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Kashyap, Shubham, Pankaj Kumar Chandra, Vivek Kumar Gaba und Anil Kumar Tiwari. „Enviro-economic technical analysis of solar chimney integrated with soil air heat exchanger: Creating passive thermal comfort for hot subtropical regions“. In PROCEEDINGS OF ADVANCED MATERIAL, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0024381.

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Korytnyi, Efim, Boris Chudnovsky, Miron Perelman, Roman Saveliev, Alexander Talanker und Ezra Bar-Ziv. „Sub-Bituminous Coals Fired in Boiler Designed for Bituminous Coals“. In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60041.

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In the last two decades there has been little capacity added to coal-based power plants. However, much of the existing plants had to comply with the Clean Air Act amendments. Using sub-bituminous coals has become an important solution for emissions compliance due to their unique constituents and combustion characteristics; these coals are often referred to as enviro coals. The considerable advantages of these coals, like Melawan, Adaro or PRB coals, is their low sulfur compared to typical bituminous coals, which makes its burning more economic as scrubbers or other SO2 reduction technologies are not required. Low nitrogen and ash content as well as their high volatile matter are other advantages of these coals. Hence, firing sub-bituminous coals alone or as blends with bituminous coals is deemed economically attractive. Power generation plants were originally designed to operate on a particular bituminous coal. In order to fire sub-bituminous coals or their blends some modifications are required in the firing modes. These modifications may affect boiler reliability and as result to reduction of the power plant availability and hence increasing operation and maintenance cost. In order to prevent such undesirable effects we initiated a study to understand the influence of using sub-bituminous coals on the capacity, limitations of furnace size, heat transfer surfaces, firing systems, pulverizers, fans and airheaters. The present paper discusses issues connected with each of these issues on the combustion system. We also present recommendations for reliable burning of various sub-bituminous coals and their blends in a 575 MW tangentially-fired boiler. For example, we found that firing Indonesian sub-bituminous coals (Adaro and Melawan) considerably reduced NOx (30% reduction) and SOx (reduced to 200 mg/dNm3@6%O2) emissions without post combustion measures. We also tested various blends of sub-bituminous coals with bituminous coals and found positive and negative synergism in these blends with regard to NOx emissions. We used in the present study a series of experiments in a test facility and computational fluid dynamic codes.

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Chudnovsky, B., A. Talanker, Y. Berman, R. Saveliev, M. Perelman, E. Korytnyi, B. Davidson und E. Bar-Ziv. „Prediction of Performance From PRB Coal Fired in Utility Boilers With Various Furnace and Firing System Arrangements“. In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81038.

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Present regulatory requirements enforces the modification of the firing modes of existing coal-fired utility boilers and the use of coals different from those originally designed for these boilers. The reduction of SO2 and NOx emissions were the primary motivation for these changes. However, economic considerations played a major role too. Using sub-bituminous coals has become an important solution for emissions compliance due to their unique constituents and combustion characteristics; these coals are often referred to as enviro coals. Powder River Basin (PRB) Coals are classified as sub-bituminous ranked coals. Unlike higher ranked bituminous coals, which have tight pore structures that limit the amount of moisture they could hold, low rank coals, such as PRB coals, have looser pore structure and additional moisture retention capacity. PRB coals differ in many properties from those of the commonly burned bituminous coals, including low heating value, low fusion temperature, and high moisture content. However, PRB coals have low sulfur content and are relatively low cost. They can also lower NOx emission from power plants due to higher volatile content. When power plants switch from the designed coal to a PRB coal, operational challenges, including transportation, handling, storage, and combustion, were encountered. A major problem faced when using PRB coals is severe slagging and excess fouling on the heating surface. Not only is there an insulating effect from deposit, but there is a change in reflectivity of the surface. Excess furnace fouling and high reflectivity ash may cause reduction of heat transfer in the furnace, which results in higher furnace exit gas temperatures (FEGT), especially with opposite wall burners and with single backpass. Higher FEGT usually result in higher stack gas temperature and increasing in the reheater spray flow and therefore decreasing the boiler efficiency with higher heat rate of the unit. The modification of an existing unit for firing of PRB coals is confined to — and constrained by — existing equipment. All successful conversions happen when in the design phase of a project the following parameters are evaluated: (1) capacities or limitations of furnace size, (2) firing system type and arrangement, (3) heat transfer surface, (4) pulverizers, (5) sootblowers, (6) fans, and (7) airheaters. In the present study we used a comprehensive methodology to predict the behavior of three PRB coals fired in a 575MW T-fired boiler.

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Gaudėšius, Rimvydas, Virginija Gurskienė und Vida Maliene. „Impact of Abandoned Land on Environmental Protection, Landscape and Economic Benefit in Lithuania“. In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.190.

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Human economic activity is defined as an anthropogenic process that has a negative impact on natural environment. The urbanisation and agricultural development influence the environment mostly. In order to receive economic benefit to the above-mentioned activities, the landscape is changed, the soil is affected and pollutants are released into the environment. In the light of the fact that the identified processes and problems caused by them are global, the variety of international directives are designed to minimise the impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment. The territory of the Republic of Lithuania has a considerable amount of areas, where the economic activity is suspended, i.e. the land is abandoned. This is due to a variety of social, natural and economic reasons. This process can be perceived as opposite to the anthropogenic activity, however it is important to examine how it affects the environment, landscape or economic needs. These processes are relevant on the local and international level, therefore, the scientific results of this article may be useful for the professionals in various areas and further research. The research investigates the territory of abandoned agricultural land, which is to be urbanised in the future. Land cadastre data, spatial planning documents are analysed, a questionnaire-based survey is conducted, and the actual inspection in the area is carried out. The research results identify the causes for non-use of the land, and the impact of no economic activity on the environment, the landscape and the economic performance. To reach the set objectives, the data analysis, synthesis, induction methods have been used.

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Dudzińska, Małgorzata, und Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. „Land consolidation as the driving force behind ecological and economic development of rural areas“. In The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Press “Technika” 2014, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2014.204.

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Geipele, Ineta, Linda Kauškale, Natalija Lepkova und Roode Liias. „Interaction of socio-economic factors and real estate market in the context of sustainable urban development“. In The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Press “Technika” 2014, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2014.117.

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Malyavina, Elena, und Anastasiya Frolova. „The energetic and economic analysis of outdoor temperature to enable the transition to free cooling for conditioned rooms“. In The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Press “Technika” 2014, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2014.270.

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Jatautas, Jaunius, und Pranas Mierauskas. „Towards the Development of Sustainable Hydro Energy in Lithuania“. In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.023.

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Development of renewable energy sources together with sustainable development covers a complicated range of issues which require complex assessment in the context of Lithuania’s energy independence. Hydropower is an integral part of renewable energy resources and affects both the natural environment and human society. Although negative impact of hydropower on the environment is acknowledged, advances in modern technology can reduce the potential damage, especially when developing a network of small hydropower plants in Lithuania. Moreover, implementation and continuity of this kind of projects enables to improve the economic and social situation, e.g. by creating new jobs. Construction of small hydropower plants in combination with a sustainable development strategy would help to avoid the possible damage to the natural environment and would contribute to improvement of the country’s economic and social landscape. Limitation of the negative impact on the environment is primarily based on technological solutions – the appropriate construction of fish ladders or other passes at dams enables fish migration. Meanwhile, contribution to improvement of the economic and social situation in the case of small hydropower plants depends on political decisions and activity of lobby groups.

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Cellmer, Radosław, und Mirosław Bełej. „Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Activity of Residential Development in Poland“. In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.103.

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The objective of the study presented in the article is to determine the spatial diversification and determinants of construction activity in Poland between 2006 and 2015. Theoretical hypotheses and observations of behaviour of economic entities clearly show that their decisions depend both on the situation in local and regional markets, as well as distances from other regions or local markets. The number and the surface area of completed residential units, as well as the number of completed buildings and issued construction permits, were adopted as the measures of construction activity. The analysis also includes selected demographic, social and economic indices characterising the individual territorial units in Poland on the basis of the local data bank maintained by the Central Statistical Office. In the course of the study, spatial panel models were used, and as a result of the study, construction activity models were obtained, taking spatial interactions into account.

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