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LIU, CATHY YANG. „THE CAUSES AND DYNAMICS OF MINORITY ENTREPRENEURIAL ENTRY“. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 17, Nr. 01 (März 2012): 1250003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946712500033.
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This study examines the causes and dynamics in the creation of business ventures by minority nascent entrepreneurs. Minority business enterprises are an important source of job creation and innovation in the US economy, as well as economic development engines in their respective communities. However, little is understood about the unique motivations, business strategies and plans in the early stage of their venture formation. This paper utilizes the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) dataset in investigating black and Hispanic entrepreneurial entry as compared to white nascent entrepreneurs around three important dimensions: motivation, business strategy, and community resources. It is found that blacks are highly driven by a range of motivational factors while Hispanics value intergenerational inheritance and role models in business ownership. Both groups heavily focus on a niche market strategy by lowering prices, serving markets missed by others and locating close to customers. Contrary to expectation, their perceptions of community resources are not more favorable than whites. Public policy implications are discussed.
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BAUER, DAVID, und DEAN MOTT. „Life Themes and Motivations of Re-Entry Students“. Journal of Counseling & Development 68, Nr. 5 (06.05.1990): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1990.tb01410.x.
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Stiggelbout, Maarten, Marijke Hopman-Rock und Willem van Mechelen. „Entry Correlates and Motivations of Older Adults Participating in Organized Exercise Programs“. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 16, Nr. 3 (Juli 2008): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.16.3.342.
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This study reports entry correlates and motivations of older adults participating in organized exercise programs in the Netherlands, as determined in a descriptive explorative study (N= 2,350, response rate 86%). Participants were community-dwelling older adults (50+ years) who enrolled and started in 10 different exercise programs. Entry features were analyzed for differences in age, sex, marital status, education, living situation, body-mass index, lifestyle, and health status. Motivations for entering an exercise program were determined using homogeneity analyses. More Exercise for Seniors (MBvO) attracted relatively older seniors, whereas organized sports mainly attracted younger ones. Walking, MBvO, and gymnastics attracted more women, whereas skating and table tennis were reported to attract more male participants. Badminton and cycling attracted relatively higher educated participants, whereas MBvO attracted relatively lower educated participants. Three distinct motivational constructs were found: relax and enjoy, care and cure, and competition. Public health and recruitment implications of these findings are discussed.
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Wang, Yichen, und Régis Chenavaz. „The Entry Of International Banks In China“. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 32, Nr. 5 (01.09.2016): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i5.9775.
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With the remarkable degree of openness of China’s economy, an increasing number of foreign banks are rushing into this country. Two main theories prevail in current studies on the motivations of foreign banks to enter a new country, namely, customer-driven or market opportunity driven. Using the event study methodology, this paper analyses the value effect on foreign banks of the “entering the Chinese market” event. The results show that compared to customer-driven factors, the new opportunities of the Chinese market better explain this value effect. Our results provide a reference for foreign banks on operating strategies in China and enable a better understanding of the choice of destination and motivations for foreign banks to enter China.
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Vasconcelos Ferreira, Manuel Aníbal Silva Portugal, Fernando Ribeiro Serra und Nuno Rosa Reis. „Internationalization Motivations and Foreign Market Entry Modes http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/riae.v10i1.1719“. Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 10, Nr. 1 (03.06.2011): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v10i1.1719.
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The motivations for the internationalization of firms influence the selection of foreign entry modes. In this article we use John Dunning’s (1993) classification, which distinguishes four primary motives to invest overseas – market seeking, resource seeking, strategic asset seeking and efficiency seeking –, conceptually discussing the impact of the selected foreign entry modes. The methods and strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs) are chosen in a broader framework, where internationalization motivations converge with the exploitation, or exploration, of firm-specific advantages. Our analysis is supported by a set of theoretical propositions. The results demonstrate that MNCs must develop the best possible combination of strategy-structure for their international operations, and yet conceive a casuistic analysis of each individual operation. We have therefore contributed to a better understanding of the selection of foreign market entry modes as a reflection of strategic choices or motivations.
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Bhatnagar, Amit, Ralitza Nikolaeva und Sanjoy Ghose. „Online Market Entry: The Motivations for Imitation across Retailer Types“. Managerial and Decision Economics 37, Nr. 3 (09.12.2014): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.2708.
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Kumar, Sonia, Rachel Browne, Jeffrey Wu und Simon Tso. „Student’s motivation to pursue a graduate-entry medicine degree programme“. Asia Pacific Scholar 6, Nr. 1 (05.01.2021): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2021-6-1/pv2240.
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The decision to pursue medicine is a significant step for individuals, particularly those for whom this involves a career change. While medicine in the UK has traditionally been an undergraduate course, graduate-entry medicine (GEM) programmes were introduced in 2000 and offer an accelerated course for suitably qualified candidates with a Bachelor’s degree. Students have a variety of motivations for undertaking a GEM programme (Carter & Peile, 2007), and we herein explore the factors that influence this range of motivations.
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Cui, Xuemei, Ning Ding, Nan Jiang, Honghe Li und Deliang Wen. „Preliminary study of the relationship between career choice motivation and understanding of professionalism in newly enrolled medical students in China: a cross-sectional study“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 2 (Februar 2021): e041860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041860.
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ObjectivesEarly professionalism education for first-year students is important for generating sound knowledge and attitudes towards medical professionalism. Of the many factors affecting professionalism and professional identity formation in medical students, career choice motivation is an understudied one. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the career choice motivations of first-year medical students and their understanding of professionalism.Settings and participantsA cross-sectional survey of 940 first-year clinical medicine students was conducted at China Medical University in September 2017 to explore students’ motivation to study medicine and its relationship with students’ understanding of professionalism. Demographics, career choice motivation and professionalism were obtained through paper questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between career choice motivation and understanding of professionalism while controlling for potential demographic confounders.ResultsThe most common career choice motivations for first-year medical students (N=843) were interested in the health sciences, income and social status and advocating altruism. The most mentioned subdimensions of professionalism were accountability, pursuit of excellence and compassion. There were significant differences in the understanding of professionalism among students with different career choice motivations.ConclusionFirst-year medical students with different motivations to study medicine also have different understandings of professionalism. Medical educators can explore motivations to learning medicine as a new entry point to providing professionalism education for newly enrolled medical students.
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Pruthi, Sarika, Anuradha Basu und Mike Wright. „Ethnic ties, motivations, and home country entry strategy of transnational entrepreneurs“. Journal of International Entrepreneurship 16, Nr. 2 (12.01.2018): 210–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10843-017-0223-2.
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Jung, Young Hoon, Zhu Zhu und Huy Will Nguyen. „Revisiting foreign market entry motivations: the case of Korean commercial banks“. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 28, Nr. 4 (14.07.2021): 760–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-05-2020-0113.
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PurposeThis study examines what motivates firms to go and remain abroad despite uncertain profit potential. In a departure from probing traditional market-seeking, profit-driven motives, the authors explore how domestically driven, sociocultural motivations may shape the foreign market entry decisions of Korean commercial banks (KCBs). The authors argue that, due to the power imbalance between KCBs and their chaebol clients within the historical and cultural contexts of their relationships, KCBs' foreign market entries may depend more on their clients' presence in these markets than on their profit potential.Design/methodology/approachThe authors focus on the foreign market entries of KCBs and their client firms. Using the data of 8 KCBs and their client firms belonging to the 60 business groups (chaebols) of Korea, the authors analyze 6,577 observations involving the dyadic relationship between a KCB and its client firm in 15 host countries from 2005 to 2014.FindingsThe authors find that the number of clients' subsidiaries operating in foreign markets may increase the likelihood of KCBs entering these markets. Moreover, when KCBs earn more domestic profit from client firms, the potential Korean market in the host country is greater, and the institutional distance between the host country and Korea is smaller.Practical implicationsIn addition to the critical role of a bank-centered financing system in advancing a developing country and its firms, the authors’ findings suggest that firms should pay attention to the local diaspora and the institutional distance between the host and home countries in order to manage power-imbalanced relationships and make them sustainable.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on foreign market entry by demonstrating how the home country's sociocultural factors may worsen the power imbalance, thereby pushing firms to make seemingly irrational decisions to go and stay abroad. That is, KCBs' foreign operations may be a way of seeking relational benefits with client firms, which would serve as a source of long-term domestic market profits. The authors’ findings thus highlight the need to consider how sociocultural factors may also shape firms' decision-making in their international business.
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Kselman, Daniel M., Eleanor Neff Powell und Joshua A. Tucker. „Crowded Space, Fertile Ground: Party Entry and the Effective Number of Parties“. Political Science Research and Methods 4, Nr. 2 (20.08.2015): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2015.22.
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This paper develops a novel argument as to the conditions under which new political parties will form in democratic states. Our approach hinges on the manner in which politicians evaluate the policy implications of new party entry alongside considerations of incumbency for its own sake. We demonstrate that if candidates care sufficiently about policy outcomes, then the likelihood of party entry shouldincreasewith the effective number of status quo parties in the party system. This relationship weakens, and eventually disappears, as politicians’ emphasis on “office-seeking” motivations increases relative to their interest in public policy. We test these predictions with both aggregate electoral data in contemporary Europe and a data set on legislative volatility in Turkey, uncovering support for the argument that party system fragmentation should positively affect the likelihood of entry when policy-seeking motivations are relevant, but not otherwise.
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Macdiarmid, Rachel, Patricia McClunie-Trust, Kay Shannon, Rhona Winnnington, Andrea E. Donaldson, Rebecca J. Jarden, Rachel Lamdin-Hunter, Eamon Merrick, Rosemary Turner und Virginia Jones. „What Motivates People to Start a Graduate Entry Nursing Programme: An Interpretive Multi-Centred Case Study“. SAGE Open Nursing 7 (Januar 2021): 237796082110113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608211011310.
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Introduction While graduate entry nursing programmes are well established in the United Kingdom and the United States of America (USA), they are relatively new to New Zealand and Australia. These programmes have been developed to meet the demands of the health workforce and provide graduates an alternative pathway to becoming a RN. Nursing is viewed as an attractive career option for this growing market of graduate entry students. Objective This study explored the motivations underpinning students choosing a graduate entry MNSc degree over a traditional undergraduate nursing programme. Methods A qualitative, longitudinal single case study design, informed by Yin was used. The first phase of the study is reported here. All students commencing a MNSc degree at the beginning of 2020 across four education providers (3 in New Zealand & 1 in Australia) were eligible to take part in the study. Ten students agreed to take part and undertake an interview. Braun and Clarke’s approach to thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Results Three key themes of motivation were identified from the data: the attraction of nursing; the clarity nursing offers in terms of career progression; and the design of the intensive programme. Conclusions The motivations to choose a MNSc degree were deeply considered, multifaceted, and influenced by nursing role models. Students wanting to engage with a graduate entry MNSc programme did so through a reflective process of assessing their current career status and future career values. Participants in this study believed nursing would provide a secure and sustainable career path, potentially creating new horizons or possibilities beyond their previous work and life experiences. Having insight into what motivates individuals to enrol in such programmes may assist both education providers and the health sector with RN graduate recruitment and graduate entry programme enrolment.
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Lawrence, John D., und Erda Wang. „Motivations for exiting hog production in the 1990s and incentives for re-entry“. Agribusiness 14, Nr. 6 (November 1998): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6297(199811/12)14:6<453::aid-agr3>3.0.co;2-t.
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Qi, Xiaoguang, Jin Hooi Chan, Junyan Hu und Yifan Li. „Motivations for selecting cross-border e-commerce as a foreign market entry mode“. Industrial Marketing Management 89 (August 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.01.009.
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Grandy, Jake B., und Shon R. Hiatt. „State Agency Discretion and Entrepreneurship in Regulated Markets“. Administrative Science Quarterly 65, Nr. 4 (16.03.2020): 1092–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839220911022.
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Barriers to entry in regulated markets are frequently conceptualized as static features that must be removed or overcome if new entrants are to successfully enter a market. But government institutions regulating markets often comprise multiple levels that exist in tension with one another due to differing incentives and motivations. We argue that the principal–agent tension between elected officials and agency bureaucrats may render regulatory barriers to entry more malleable, even in the absence of formal policy changes. To test this proposition, we bring the administrative state center stage and examine how regulatory discretion—regulatory agencies’ flexibility to interpret and implement public policies created by elected officials—can influence the market entry of new ventures. Using data on regulatory approval of hydroelectric facilities in the United States from 1978 to 2014, we find that increased state agency discretion improves outcomes for new ventures relative to incumbent firms by freeing regulatory agency officials to interpret and implement policies according to a professional motivation of public service and reducing incumbents’ political influence.
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Gbollie, Charles, und Shaoying Gong. „Emerging destination mobility“. International Journal of Educational Management 34, Nr. 1 (06.01.2020): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-02-2019-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the push-pull factors and motivations of African and Asian international students in Chinese universities. Design/methodology/approach Concurrent mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) design was used. The quantitative component included 537 Africans and Asians from five notable universities, while the qualitative aspect consisted of 30 participants in Wuhan and few other cities in China. Findings Findings revealed availability of scholarship opportunities, China’s flexibility (visa and program entry) and perception of better education quality as important push-pull factors. It also discovered several new pull factors, including citizens’ attitude and good report, development potential and hospitality and receptiveness, while career development and entertainment were found to be the most and least significant motivational factors, respectively. The study also found a significant relationship between push-pull factors and study abroad motivation (SAM) as well as cross-cultural differences between African and Asian students. Research limitations/implications Most of the participants were drawn from Wuhan city. Hence, the findings cannot be outrightly generalized to other contexts. Practical implications This research provides valuable knowledge for policy makers, higher education institutions, international students and other stakeholders in China to inform better student experience. Originality/value There was no study found that combines push-pull factors and SAM or comparatively investigates African and international students in China. Knowledge about sojourners push-pull factors and motivations, their relationship and cross-cultural differences is essential for evidence-based interventions.
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Soydas, Yasemin, und Torgeir Aleti. „Immigrant and second-generation Turkish entrepreneurs in Melbourne Australia“. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21, Nr. 2 (13.04.2015): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2013-0185.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the key differences between first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in their path to entrepreneurship. The aim of the study is to better understand entrepreneurial motivations amongst immigrants by comparing first- and second-generation entrepreneurs in their motivation for business entry, reliance on co-ethnic market, use of social and financial capital, business planning and marketing practices. Design/methodology/approach – Using an interpretivist approach and a qualitative design, this study comprises 20 in-depth interviews with first- and second-generation Turkish entrepreneurs (TEs) in Melbourne, Australia. Turks in Australia were chosen because of their high level of entrepreneurial activity. In order to uncover deep-seeded motivations, participants were interviewed in a face-to-face format guided by a semi-structured interview guide. Findings – The second-generation TEs were distinctively different from their first-generation counterparts in motivation for business entry, business establishment and use of ethnicity. The analysis shows that although the generations differ in their approach to business establishment, they both appear to be drawn to entrepreneurship based on “pull factors”. This is in contrast with previous literature suggesting that first-generation immigrant entrepreneurs were motivated by “push factors”. Originality/value – This paper suggests that both first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs are “pulled” into entrepreneurship voluntarily. While the first-generation entrepreneurs seem to be motivated/pulled by financial reasons, the second generation are motivated by opportunity recognition, status and ambition. Nevertheless, a lack of trust in government support agency is found within both generations. Thus, outreach activities towards entrepreneurial immigrant communities may have positive effects for the economy as well as in the integration of ethnic enclaves.
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van der Wal, Zeger. „Ethos Reinforced, Government Endorsed? Comparing Pre-entry and Post-entry Values, Motivations, Sector Perceptions, and Career Preferences of MPA Students in Asia“. Journal of Public Affairs Education 23, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2017): 935–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2017.12002298.
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Ibeh, Kevin I. N., Idika Awa Uduma, Dilshod Makhmadshoev und Nnamdi O. Madichie. „Nascent multinationals from West Africa“. International Marketing Review 35, Nr. 4 (09.07.2018): 683–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-08-2016-0158.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivations underpinning the foreign direct investment (FDI) activities, including the location and entry mode decisions, of nascent multinational enterprises (MNEs) from West Africa. Design/methodology/approach This research adopted a case study approach entailing the triangulation of interview data with documentary evidence on two leading West African financial service companies that have FDI footprints in over 50 country markets. Findings Evidence suggests the primacy of market-seeking motivations in explaining the FDI activities of the explored nascent MNEs, with relationship, efficiency and mission-driven motivations emerging as strong sub-themes. Having neither the global resonance of their traditional counterparts nor the government-augmented resource profile of their Asian counterparts, the study firms appear to have shied away from costly strategic asset and prestige-seeking FDI, and preferred psychically and institutionally proximate sub-Saharan African markets and non-organic collaborative entry modes. Research limitations/implications The above insights should be considered tentative given the study’s limited evidence base. This underscores the need for a larger scale empirical effort to assess the propositional inventory outlined at the end of this paper. Practical implications Africa’s growing population of MNEs are urged to continue to strengthen their positions across African markets, view these regional markets as a platform to learn and upgrade their capabilities for future expansion into more challenging global markets, and to augment their limited resource profiles, including by tapping into their global diaspora networks. Policy makers should support their market-seeking initiatives given evidence that they could be a pathway to higher order FDI motivations. This evolutionary approach reflects enduring lessons from earlier generations of MNEs. Policy makers should also support continuing intra-African investment flows as a pathway to creating more sizeable, integrated African markets and generating positive spill-overs, including in typically blind-sided post-conflict or fragile African markets. This also entails pushing for cross-border regulation needed to minimise the transfer of systemic risks across countries. Originality/value The study provides rare empirical evidence on hitherto neglected MNEs from sub-Saharan Africa, thus extending the geographic compass of research on FDI motivations. It identifies some distinctive aspects of the explored MNEs’ FDI behaviour, including the previously unheralded mission-driven motivation, whilst also revealing shared characteristics with traditional MNEs and emerging market multinational enterprisess.
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Ofili, Onyeka Uche. „Internationalization: Choosing The Right Entry Mode: Lessons From Ebay’s Strategy In China“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, Nr. 1 (29.01.2016): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n1p202.
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This paper considers the motivations for businesses to expand to other countries using the entry of eBay into China as a case study. It observed that eBay adopted the wrong entry mode by acquiring 100 percent of EachNet. The company would have performed better if it had adopted the joint venture approach with minority stake as it later did with Tom Online or if it had only retained minority stake, as was the case when it acquired 33 percent of EachNet. It was discovered that the various entry modes have their pros and cons depending on the peculiarity of the host market. This paper therefore, recommends that in entering a new market, companies should ensure to have a proper understanding of the local business dynamics before settling for any entry strategy.
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Clinkinbeard, Samantha S., Starr J. Solomon und Rachael M. Rief. „Why Did You Become a Police Officer? Entry-Related Motives and Concerns of Women and Men in Policing“. Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, Nr. 6 (12.02.2021): 715–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854821993508.
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As police agencies in the United States suffer declining applications and struggle to recruit women, the National Institute of Justice has identified workforce development as a priority research area. To recruit more effectively, we must understand what attracts people to policing and what deters them. We surveyed officers in two Midwestern police departments ( n = 832) about entry motivations and concerns and examined gender differences. Serve/protect motivations were most important for men and women, though women rated the category significantly higher. Women and non-White officers rated legacy motives higher than did males and White officers. Women reported more concerns overall and scored higher on job demands and acceptance concerns; officers of color also reported more acceptance concerns than White officers. The largest gender differences were associated with gender-related obstacles and stereotypes (e.g., discrimination; being taken seriously; physical demands), indicating recruitment reform necessarily includes improving systemic issues.
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MAHADEA, DARMA, und SAMUKELISIWE KHUMALO. „ENTRY INTO AND EXIT FROM INFORMAL MICROENTERPRISE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A SOUTH AFRICAN MUNICIPALITY: A TALE OF RESILIENCE“. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, Nr. 03 (September 2020): 2050020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108494672050020x.
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Although research on entrepreneurship in the micro and small firms has been the subject of much scholarly attention, it has been mostly on the formal rather than informal economy. Drawing on the push and pull theory, this paper uses Principal Component Analysis to examine the motivations influencing entrepreneurs to venture into informal sector entrepreneurship in a specific South African municipal context. Against a background of addressing their constraints to growth, the prospects of formalization were considered, using logistic regression. The results, based on a sample of 160 entrepreneurs, show that even in the informal economy, pull factors are the uppermost motivations, apparently stronger than push factors, in influencing individuals to partake in microenterprise entrepreneurship. The logistic results indicate that even when some internal and external growth constraints are addressed, the likelihood of the entrepreneurs’ formalizing their business is not encouraging. Although alleviation of the growth hurdles may assist in enhancing entrepreneurial competence, it does not necessarily favor formalization, but enables a lock-in contentment effect to the informal sector. Against this inertia, implications for policy makers are presented.
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Read, John. „Issues in post-entry language assessment in English-medium universities“. Language Teaching 48, Nr. 2 (13.06.2013): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444813000190.
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Students entering English-medium universities around the world come from diverse linguistic backgrounds and many find it difficult to cope with the language demands of their degree courses. This speech focuses first on the motivations for introducing what are known in Australia as post-entry language assessments (PELAs). I discuss in particular the Diagnostic English Language Needs Assessment (DELNA) at the University of Auckland, which has been successfully implemented throughout the university in the last ten years. This leads to a broader discussion of three significant issues in post-entry language assessment. One is the nature of the construct on which such assessments are based. A related issue is whether a PELA can appropriately be considered ‘diagnostic’ in nature. The third issue is how to undertake the validation of a PELA, particularly with regard to the consequential aspect: does the assessment contribute to enhancing the students’ academic language ability?
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SAGGURTI, NIRANJAN, RAVI K. VERMA, SHIVA S. HALLI, SUVAKANTA N. SWAIN, RAJENDRA SINGH, HANIMI REDDY MODUGU, SAUMYA RAMARAO, BIDHUBHUSAN MAHAPATRA und ANRUDH K. JAIN. „MOTIVATIONS FOR ENTRY INTO SEX WORK AND HIV RISK AMONG MOBILE FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN INDIA“. Journal of Biosocial Science 43, Nr. 5 (10.06.2011): 535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932011000277.
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SummaryThis paper assesses the reasons for entry into sex work and its association with HIV risk behaviours among mobile female sex workers (FSWs) in India. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 22 districts across four high HIV prevalence states in India during 2007–2008. Analyses were limited to 5498 eligible mobile FSWs. The reasons given by FSWs for entering sex work and associations with socio-demographic characteristics were assessed. Reported reasons for entering sex work include poor or deprived economic conditions; negative social circumstances in life; own choice; force by an external person; and family tradition. The results from multivariate analyses indicate that those FSWs who entered sex work due to poor economic conditions or negative social circumstances in life or force demonstrated elevated levels of current inconsistent condom use as well as in the past in comparison with those FSWs who reported entering sex work by choice or family tradition. This finding indicates the need for a careful assessment of the pre-entry contexts among HIV prevention interventions since these factors may continue to hinder the effectiveness of efforts to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in India and elsewhere.
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Mangas, Catarina, Sara Lopes, Paula Ferreira und Isabel Beato. „ACCESSING HIGHER EDUCATION AFTER 23 YEARS OLD: OPPORTUNITIES AND MOTIVATIONS“. Cadernos de Pesquisa 49, Nr. 172 (Juni 2019): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/198053145943.
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Abstract This article reports a case study in a Portuguese public institution of higher education that aimed at characterizing the profile of the students that access the institution, through examinations for candidates aged 23 or over (M23 Access), focusing on the motivations for their entry and on their perspective of this type of access to higher education. This mixed method study used a questionnaire, answered by 180 former students. Acquisition of new knowledge, personal valorization and a professional change are among the most important reasons to access higher education. While analyzing the results, we are also able to discern the importance of implementing educational policies for adults, which, in the Portuguese case and regarding the promotion of learning opportunities for all, are still few and poorly disseminated.
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Smith, Richard. „Don’t call me Ma’am“. Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 89, Nr. 4 (27.09.2016): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x16647421.
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In the autumn of 2014, the inaugural cohort of direct entry superintendents commenced an 18-month training course. They brought with them a breadth of leadership expertise from previous careers elsewhere in the public and private sectors. All of the nine direct entry superintendents were interviewed, to gauge their motivations for joining the service and to understand more about their leadership credentials. The results show these individuals have a strong bias towards public service and offer credible leadership skills. The strategic picture in which they are operating is complex and not always supportive.
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Lachmann, Frank M., und Joseph Lichtenberg. „Model Scenes: Implications for Psychoanalytic Treatment“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40, Nr. 1 (März 1992): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519204000105.
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Model scenes are constructed by analyst and patient to organize puzzling information, integrate previous understanding, and initiate further exploration of experience. They are derived from a variety of sources: literature (oedipal myth); transference; ordinary or traumatic childhood events that occupy a pivotal position. Model scenes may conceptualize experiences of any age and motivational system, and are contrasted with screen memories and “telescoping” of events. Two clinical examples are used to illustrate the relation between the model scene and the transference. Model scenes provide a valuable clinical tool for moving from general to specific experience. They afford empathic entry into the transference experience and the opportunity through which the experience of motivations representative of past and present can be conceptualized and integrated into a cohesive self organization.
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Ariffin, Mohd Hisham, und Norlida Jaafar. „Entry Participation Motivations in Co-Curricular Activities: The Case of Construction Management Students at a Malaysian University“. International Journal of Construction Education and Research 3, Nr. 1 (06.04.2007): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15578770701238907.
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Alsulami, Naif Daifullah Z. „Characteristics of the Re-Entry Experiences of Returning Saudi International Students after Studying Abroad“. International Journal of Higher Education 9, Nr. 3 (12.05.2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p309.
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The main purpose of this research is to describe the characteristics of the re-entry experiences of Saudis returning to Saudi Arabia after studying abroad. The total number of participants in the study was 21 Saudi returnees, consisting male (n=13, 61.90 per cent) and female participants (n=8, 38.09 per cent)returning from studying in the U.S. U.K. and Australia. By conducting semi-structured individual interviews with the participants, the findings showed six themes that answered the main question of this research. These themes include motivations for returning home, preparing for returning home, feelings on returning home, the nature of relationships with family, the nature of relationships with friends and sense of belonging. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are provided.
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Min, Sungwook, Namwoon Kim und Ge Zhan. „The impact of market size on new market entry: a contingency approach“. European Journal of Marketing 51, Nr. 1 (13.02.2017): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2013-0696.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to offer explanations of the wide variation in the impact of market size on new market entry decisions – i.e. its positive impact lessens because of unreliable predictability of market size on post-entry profit and entry motivations other than post-entry profit. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of the two explanations, this paper builds a contingency frame that the impact of market size on new market entry depends on entry-context-specific variables. It validates the contingency frame, empirically analyzing 219 parameter estimates of the impact of market size on market entry obtained from 41 existing empirical studies. Findings The meta-analysis results reveal that the entry-context-specific variables used in this study – niche market entry, high-tech market entry, entry by industry incumbent firms and the year of market entry – notably moderate the impact of market size on new market entry decisions, as the research frame suggests. Research limitations/implications This study examines the various literature and study outcomes in the areas of marketing, economics and strategy to elucidate whether and when market size is a critical driver of new market entry. In most cases, the greater the new market size, the greater is the propensity to enter the market. However, the contingency arguments stated in this paper suggest that firms may and do enter a new market even if the market size is not large at the time of entry. Originality/value This paper enhances the understanding of the relative importance of market size in market entry decisions, which depend on various entry contexts. It clarifies the direction and magnitude of the impact of such entry contexts.
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Shinnar, Rachel S., und Cheri A. Young. „Hispanic Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area: Motivations for Entry into and Outcomes of Self-Employment“. Journal of Small Business Management 46, Nr. 2 (April 2008): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627x.2008.00242.x.
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Abdallah, Gorah K., und Emiel L. Eijdenberg. „Entry and Stay in the Informal Economy: Qualitative Findings from a Least Developed Country“. Journal of Enterprising Culture 27, Nr. 02 (Juni 2019): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495819500055.
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This study explores the factors determining the entry and stay of entrepreneurs in the informal economy in a Least Developed Country (LDC): Tanzania. Qualitative data from a focus group with six experts, and individual interviews with two experts and 15 entrepreneurs from the informal economy, were analysed. The results show that (1) necessity motivations are important for the entry and stay of entrepreneurs, as well as (2) the unattractive factors of the formal economy (e.g. degree of excessive regulations regarding high taxes)/attractive factors of the informal economy (e.g. little procedures, low capital requirements) and (3) low levels of education possessed by entrepreneurs, emerged as essential. This study enriches the literature with personal narratives of entrepreneurial activities from the micro level. Therefore, many detailed factors are revealed of the lives of entrepreneurs and experts, dealing in one way or the other with the informal economy.
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Guy, Gregory, Barbara Horvath, Julia Vonwiller, Elaine Daisley und Inge Rogers. „An intonational change in progress in Australian English“. Language in Society 15, Nr. 1 (März 1986): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011635.
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ABSTRACTMany speakers of current Australian English often use a high-rising intonation in statements. This usage, which has been termed Australian Questioning Intonation (AQI), has a nonpropositional, interactive meaning (checking for listener comprehension) and interacts with the turn-taking mechanism of conversation. A quantitative study of the use of AQI in Sydney reveals that it has the social distribution characteristic of a language change in progress: higher rates of usage among working-class speakers, teenagers, and women. Real time data confirm this, showing that the form was almost nonexistent in this speech community two decades earlier. The social motivations of this innovation are examined in terms of local identity and the entry of new ethnic groups into the community, and possible linguistic sources are discussed. The utility of quantitative methods in studying meaningful linguistic variables is demonstrated. (Australian English, language change in progress, intonation, sociolinguistic variation, social class, social motivation)
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Armenia, Amy B. „More Than Motherhood“. Journal of Family Issues 30, Nr. 4 (17.09.2008): 554–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08324379.
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This article examines motivations for entering family day care work as they relate to responsibilities of motherhood and the prominence of these motivations for the women providing day care within and across groups of workers. Using data from a large-scale representative survey of family day care workers in Illinois, the author examines the range of reasons for job entry. The author also uses cluster analysis to categorize workers by the common patterns of these reasons and uses demographic, family, and work characteristics to predict membership in these categories. The finding is that the majority of family day care workers are trying to meet a broad range of mothering responsibilities—including economic provision and commitments to kith, kin, and community—rather than focusing only on physical and emotional care of their own children. Furthermore, these differences vary strongly by race.
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Picot-Coupey, Karine. „The pop-up store as a foreign operation mode (FOM) for retailers“. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 42, Nr. 7 (08.07.2014): 643–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-01-2013-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is first, to describe the characteristics of a pop-up store in an international context, second, to investigate the motivating factors for its choice and third, to analyze its role in the retail internationalization process. Design/methodology/approach – A multiple-case study was adopted. Research was carried out using secondary data sources, social media observation and semi-structured interviews with senior managers in charge of the international development and management of pop-up stores. A conceptualizing content analysis was conducted both manually and with NVivo software. Findings – The main results cover the following aspects of an international pop-up store and highlight the differences between this choice of FOM and other store formats: key characteristics: location, design and atmosphere, merchandise mix, and store events are very creative in order to attract foreign consumer attention; choice motivations: three motivations were found, which were first, to test and adapt the concept with foreign consumers possibly unfamiliar with such a store concept, second, to raise and sustain the international profile of a retail brand, and third, to develop relationship networks with stakeholders in foreign markets; role in the retail internationalization process: a dynamic approach is adopted as role varies from mode switch at the entry stage to mode combination at the further expansion stage. Research limitations/implications – The results of this research suggest avenues for future research, particularly in relation to how the concept of the international pop-up store will evolve over time. Practical implications – This research provides guidelines for international retail managers wishing to choose a pop-up store as a foreign operation mode (FOM). Originality/value – This research provides a new insight into the characteristics, choice motivations and management of a pop-up store in an international context.
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Gallagher, Jennifer E., Timothy J. Bates, Harpoonam Kalsi, Aneesha Shah, Yon Jon Wang und J. Timothy Newton. „What is the Role of Senior House Officer or Dental Foundation Year Two Posts in Professional Careers?“ Primary Dental Care os17, Nr. 3 (Juli 2010): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576110791654937.
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Aims To investigate the motivations for, and perceived benefits of, undertaking senior house officer (SHO) posts, and to explore the career pathways of those who do, examining trends in successive cohorts. Method Postal cross-sectional questionnaire survey of all dental and maxillofacial SHOs (DF2s) who had worked for two South London hospitals within the previous nine years (n=137). Respondents were grouped into three cohorts to enable responses to be examined in relation to respondents’ entry to their first SHO post. Results There were responses from 83 (61%) potential participants. The most frequent motivation for carrying out SHO posts from 79 (95%) of the respondents was the desire to ‘learn from experienced clinicians’. The most common perceived benefit reported by those who had completed posts at the time of the survey was ‘an improved understanding of the role of the hospital dental service’ from 68 (97%) of those who answered this question. Difficulty in securing a job in general dental practice was not reported as a notable motivating factor, either before or after the implementation of the new dental contract. ‘Fulfil approved training post requirements for postgraduate examinations’ reduced as a motivator from 28 (88%) for the earlier cohort of SHOs to nine (36%) for the more recent cohort. Fifty-four of 78 (69%) respondents declared a definite plan to seek admission to the General Dental Council Specialist Lists in future, 24 (83%) in the first cohort, compared with 11 (46%) in the last ( P=0.05). Of the males, 13 (52%) were significantly more likely to report that they were currently working in general practice compared with 15 (27%) females ( P=0.028). Conclusion The findings suggest that multiple benefits are identified from undertaking SHO posts. However, some of the motivations for undertaking SHO posts may have changed over the nine-year period investigated. Possible influences are discussed. This paper highlights the perceived benefits of junior training posts at a time of significant transition within the profession.
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YUSUFF, OLABISI SHERIFAT. „THE DYNAMICS OF STRATEGIC ENTRY AND MOTIVATIONS OF YORUBA FEMALE TEXTILE TRADERS IN THE BALOGUN MARKET, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA“. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 18, Nr. 02 (Juni 2013): 1350012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108494671350012x.
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Despite the significant contributions of women in economic development nationally, the unrecognized attitude of the government, lack of existing legal framework and policies, vagaries of informal economy and changes in the social–economic landscape have accounted largely for the closure of female enterprises in the informal economy. Using Yoruba female textile traders as a case study because these women have broken the "glass ceiling" and made a success of their textile trading, this paper examined the dynamics of entry and motivations of Yoruba women in textile trading. The paper synthesized Social Capital Theory by Coleman and Social Action Theory by Max Weber to explain the issue. It utilized a qualitative method of data collection. Eight focus group discussions and forty in-depth interviews were used to collect information from the women participants who were purposively chosen. The data reveal that parents, family/kinship members and friends had great influence in the strategic entry of women into textile trading in the Balogun market and the subsequent development of women's entrepreneurial activities. Yoruba female textile traders were motivated into textile trading because of economic and cultural values attached to the trade. This data is essential toward policy formulation for women's entrepreneurial development in the informal economy. This paper argues that any policies implemented for women entrepreneurs in the informal economy must be conceived, formulated and implemented with an in-depth understanding of the nuanced elements in the cultural domain within the social system, which the existing literature has yet to capture.
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Nseke, Pisso. „How Crypto-Currency Can Decrypt the Global Digital Divide: Bitcoins a Means for African Emergence“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, Nr. 6 (2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.36.2005.
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Low transaction cost, low level of entry, worldwide quickness, and anonymity of the transactions is the main advantage of cryptocurrency use, making it an attractive transaction media for African countries. At the same time, there are certain drawbacks of it in terms of strong volatility, lack of user-friendliness and its usage in crime. The conceptual paper explores the use of cryptocurrencies, and its potential in the African context. The research paper utilizes UTAUT 2 Model and adds key constructs for analyzing the adoption of new technology by Africans. These additional constructs include hedonistic motivation, habit and price cost. Key factors were considered in the case of African countries in order to analyze whether cryptocurrency is essential for economic growth in some economic countries. The application of UTAUT model in the case of Arica shows that performance, effort expectations, social influence are favorable for African countries while the influence of hedonic motivations and price is unfavorable for acceptance of cryptocurrencies in African countries.
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AGUIAR, HELDER DE SOUZA, SERGI PAULI, ABRAHAM SIN OIH YU und PAULO TROMBONI DE SOUZA NASCIMENTO. „MODELING THE NEW FRANCHISE CREATION DECISION: THE RELEVANCE OF BEHAVIORAL REASONS“. RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie 17, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2016): 110–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712016/administracao.v17n5p110-137.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: Franchising is one of the fastest-growing operating modes in Brazil. In 2014, the Brazilian Franchising Association reported 2,492 active brands in the country. Some theories with an economic point of view, such as the agency theory, plural forms theory, or scarcity principle, explain why companies choose franchising. However, did the decision makers and founders of these franchises decide on this strategy taking only economic reasons into consideration? The purpose of this study is to understand the a priori criteria (prior to the decision) that executives took into account when adopting this strategy and the key motivations for this decision. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The literature emphasizes the economic reasons for the success of the franchise model, but it does not focus on the founders' motivations when they choose this strategy. This is the gap that this study seeks to address. Dissonance could arise between economic reasons and entry motivations that could result in consequences for the management of new franchises. Key methodological aspects: Ten companies of different industries and different life cycle stages involved with the franchise model were scrutinized using a semi-structured questionnaire based on the literature on decision theory and franchising. Summary of key results: Behavioral factors significantly influence decision makers when choosing the franchise model. Key considerations/conclusions: This study distinguishes the economic reasons from the executives' motivations when choosing the franchise model and highlights the importance of non-economic factors in this decision.
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Arquero, José L., und Carmen Fernández Polvillo. „Accounting stereotypes. Business and accounting students’ motivations and perceptions of accounting“. Revista de Contabilidad 22, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rc-sar.22.1.354341.
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El papel del profesional de la contabilidad ha evolucionado incorporando un amplio abanico de tareas que requieren de los futuros profesionales (al menos a un cierto nivel) mucho más que conocimientos técnicos. Paralelamente a este incremento de los requisitos se percibe la existencia de problemas en cuanto a las características de los alumnos que optan por una carrera en contabilidad.
Algunos autores han sugerido que en el origen de esta divergencia requisitos profesionales –características del alumnado está una concepción errónea, por parte de los estudiantes, de cuáles son las tareas de un contable y las capacidades necesarias para ello. Así, es posible que se perciba por los alumnos una imagen estereotipada de la profesión y la clase de trabajo que realiza: aburrido, definido, preciso y orientado al cumplimiento de normas. Esta imagen parece basarse y reforzarse por la ofrecida en distintos medios (p.e. las películas o series).
En esta línea, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivos estudiar (I) la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de contabilidad sobre la profesión contable al comenzar sus estudios universitarios y (II) las motivaciones subyacentes y su posible relación con la imagen. La muestra se compone de estudiantes de los dos grados con más peso en esta materia (ADE y FICO) de la Universidad de Sevilla.
Los resultados indican que no hay una visión claramente estereotipada, ni diferencias destacables por grado. Se confirma que la principal fuente de motivación en nuestros alumnos es la externa.
La relevancia de determinadas facetas y sus implicaciones para el área se discuten. The role of today’s accountant has evolved including now a set of tasks that require from the future professionals (at least to reach higher level positions) much more skills than merely technical knowledge. At the same time the professional requirements are growing, there is a perception of lack of quality of entry level students.
Some authors suggested that the origin of this divergence (professional requirements – students characteristics) is the students’ misconception about the real tasks an accountant must perform and the skills required for that. Therefore it is likely that some students have a stereotyped image of accounting: boring, precise, oriented to standards. This image appears to be due to, and reinforced by, the stereotype that appears in media (v.g. films or TV series).
In this line, this paper aims to study (I) the perception about accounting of entry level accounting students, (II) the underlying motives, and the relationships between these motives and the perceptions. The sample is composed of first year students at the two relevant degrees in accounting (Finance & Accounting and Business Administration) at the Universidad de Sevilla.
The results suggest that the students do not present an acute stereotyped view of the area, but external motivation is still the strongest source of motivation. The relevance of certain students’ views on accounting and their academic implications are discussed.
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Satriyo, Galih, und Yusron Bastian. „IDENTIFIKASI PERILAKU, PERSEPSI, DAN MOTIVASI WISATAWAN BERKUNJUNG KE BANYUWANGI SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT“. BISMA: Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 14, Nr. 3 (30.11.2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v14i3.20152.
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This study aims to analyze tourist behaviour, perceptions, motivation to visit, and satisfaction towards Banyuwangi tourism and its impact on community empowerment. This is a qualitative descriptive study using snowball sampling to collect research data. Research informants were the Culture & Tourism Office officer, an officer of the Cooperative, Medium Business, &Trade Office, 87 tourists, 4 guides, 11 micro-business actors, and 4 Local Tourism Awareness Group representatives. Results showed that most tourists visited Banyuwangi to see Ijen's blue fire, Alas Purwo, & local customs. They gained information from word of mouth, the Internet, & social media. Most tourists perceived that Banyuwangi tourism has good transportation facilities, supporting infrastructure, and accessibility with an affordable entry ticket. The primary motivations to visit Banyuwangi were to escape the routine, gathering with family & friends, increasing local culture knowledge, enjoying sports facilities, and adventure. Most tourists were satisfied & would like to revisit Banyuwangi & recommend it to others. In the last five years, Banyuwangi tourism shows significant developments. It has a positive effect on the community, especially for micro-business entrepreneurs.
Keywords: community empowerment, motivation, perception, tourist behaviour
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Pablo-Martí, Federico, Antonio García-Tabuenca und José Luis Crespo-Espert. „Do gender-related differences exist in Spanish entrepreneurial activities?“ International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 6, Nr. 2 (03.06.2014): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-01-2014-0005.
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Purpose – Academic research has endeavoured to understand women's behaviours in entrepreneurial activity, identifying the differences when compared to men. The main topics analysed show similar findings in relation to characteristics and motivations, leadership style, strategic choice, obstacles and results. This paper delves further into these differences by examining the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, the motivation to enter the activity and the performance of their enterprises. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors study Spanish entrepreneurial activity using a survey carried out in 2009 of 608 randomly selected entrepreneurs. The main methods used are descriptive analyses and logistic estimations. Findings – There were two groups of entrepreneurial women with different profiles and results: the first group comprises a variety of sectors reflecting the economy's average; and the second mainly operates in those sectors traditionally considered as female. Male and female reasons for success and survival are found to be substantially the same, but personal characteristics and motivations were found to be different. Among the differences found, it is worth highlighting the amount of time devoted by entrepreneurial women to household chores, the higher proportion of women in the staff they employ, and their commitment to product and service innovation. Social implications – The findings point to some ideas in terms of policies regarding entrepreneurial activity and gender. The women's greater commitment to innovation in goods and services suggests new approaches in policies aimed at promoting the entry of women in entrepreneurial activity. Originality/value – The main findings of the paper are consistent with relevant existing literatures, but the results offer new insights that contribute to improving the knowledge of the dynamics of entrepreneurial women.
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Agostinho, Carlos Sérgio, Celiana Ribeiro Pereira, Rafael José de Oliveira, Iriene Siqueira Freitas und Elineide Eugênio Marques. „Movements through a fish ladder: temporal patterns and motivations to move upstream“. Neotropical Ichthyology 5, Nr. 2 (2007): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252007000200010.
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Fish passages are constructed with the aim of reestablishing connectivity between critical habitats, in order to sustain those species that move over a large area during their lives. The upstream movements of most of the known migratory species are made for purposes of reproduction (adults) or dispersal (juveniles). The present study was conducted at the ladder constructed at Lajeado Dam (Luis Eduardo Magalhães Hydroelectric Power), on the Tocantins River. The objective was to assess whether there is a temporal pattern in the abundance of fish below the dam and in the ladder, that correlates with their breeding seasons. Additionally, it was examined whether reproduction is the predominant motivation of the shoals of fish that ascend the ladder. Samples were taken monthly from November, 2002 through October, 2003, downriver from the dam with gillnets, and in the resting pools of the fish ladder with cast nets. The analysis of seasonality in the aggregation of the shoals was based on the temporal variations in abundance and species richness. The possibility of a reproductive motivation for ascending the ladder was inferred from the frequency of the stages of gonadal development. However, during the entire study period we observed a high frequency of individuals with gonads in the pre-vitellogenic stage for all analyzed species, both downriver from the dam (97%) and in the fish ladder (98%). These findings suggest that there was no reproductive motivation for the aggregation of the fish downstream and for their entry into the ladder. On the other hand, the dominance of these stages downriver suggests that the spawning habitats are distant, and that the upstream movements occur for other reasons such as dispersal and search for more appropriate habitats for feeding and growth. The entrance into the ladder resulted more from rheophilic behavior, which is more pronounced in migratory species, than from an endogenous motivation linked to reproductive migration.
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Udahemuka, Martine, und Regina Pernice. „Does Motivation to Migrate Matter? Voluntary and Forced African Migrants and Their Acculturation Preferences in New Zealand“. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, Nr. 1 (01.05.2010): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.44.
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AbstractAs there is no research on forced migration of African migrants to New Zealand, in particular on the interrelations among psychological motives to migrate and psychological acculturation preferences, the present study aims to address this gap. One hundred and five forced and voluntary African migrants to New Zealand completed a questionnaire, which included two measures (a) the Psychological Motives to Migrate (Tharmaseelan, 2005) and (b) the Psychological Acculturation Index (Mace, 2004). Demographic information, including data on the New Zealand government immigration categories through which the migrant gained entry and length of time in New Zealand, was also collected. Multivariate analyses indicated that motivations to migrate do matter when it comes to acculturation preferences. Further, it was found that psychological motives to migrate were better predictors of acculturation preferences than the government immigration categories. Specifically, voluntary migrants (those motivated by ‘family life improvement’ and ‘exploration’) preferred to adapt to New Zealand culture, while forced migrants (those motivated by ‘escaping’) had a higher preference to maintain their culture of origin. Duration of time in New Zealand was correlated with acculturation preferences. Implications of the findings point to the importance of assessing motivations to migrate from a psychological perspective.
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Rotter, Stefan, Vito Bobek und Tatjana Horvat. „Prospects and Challenges of Market Entry for Austrian Companies in an Emerging Market – the Case of Chile“. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 66, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2020-0011.
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AbstractChile is, compared to several other South American countries, geographically and demographically rather limited, but despite that it is the second most important trading and investment partner for Austria in this region. The aim of this paper is to gain firsthand insights into the motivations and perceptions of the entry of Austrian firms into the Chilean market by using an exploratory research approach.Interviews with thirteen qualified and experienced persons were conducted and analyzed, using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. The Chilean market is an attractive opportunity for Austrian firms, as it performs quite well in international business environment rankings. The study results indicate a variety of motivationsfor entering the market, as well as diverse entry mode decisions based on numerous factors, together with a prevailing positive perception of the Chilean business environment. Several results probably cannot be generalized for the entire country, as the capital city is the center of business, and research in other regions of Chile might have different results. Challenges have been identified in the matters of language, distance, time, culture, recruitment, complexity, local partners and the indigenous population. Chile is a highly developed emerging market where doing business faces few obstacles. Therefore, the country represents a very attractive location in South America with great potential for Austrian companies.
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Ricciardelli, Rose, und Krystle Martin. „Why corrections? Motivations for becoming a Canadian provincial or territorial correctional officer“. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, Nr. 4 (04.12.2017): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2017-0001.
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Purpose The growing prison population and challenges related to recruiting and retaining suitable correctional officers (COs) in Canada provided the impetus for the current study. Recruitment efforts in provinces and territories often rely on a variety of diverse testing, ranging from physical fitness to in-person interviews. However, despite such efforts, turn-over rates remain high and insight into what motivates people to seek a career in correctional work continues to require elucidation. By investigating the career development of COs, the purpose of this paper is to understand why certain men seek employment in this field. Design/methodology/approach Data are derived from in-depth semi-structured interviews with male officers (n=41) who have employment experience in provincial correctional facilities. Findings Respondents discussed their initial motivations for entering the field and their career ambitions. Some entered corrections because they lacked alternative options for employment, others as a stepping stone for a different justice-oriented occupation such as policing or parole. Many were motivated by the income and benefits or had a specific vocational self-identity toward correctional work. However, nearly all respondents indicated that, over time, they no longer felt their rate of pay justly reflected the demands of the occupation, thus factors motivating field entry fail to materialize in ways that sustain long-term employee retention. Practical implications CO recruitment should target individuals with interest in the field of justice more broadly. Occupational demands of the CO occupation need to be addressed to reduce turnover. Recruitment should focus not only on new graduates but also be directed toward more mature individuals. The impact of resource intensive interview processes for candidates on turnover rates needs to be evaluated. Originality/value The authors’ focus on COs with employment experience in provincial and territorial correctional facilities, rather than federal, is justified by the lack of research on and the high rate of CO turnover in such facilities. After exploring the qualitative responses of officers, clear themes emerged that align well with natural socio-ecological systems: the self, family and community, and wider society.
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Savage, David A. „Surviving the Storm: Behavioural Economics in the Conflict Environment“. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 22, Nr. 2 (01.04.2016): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2015-0047.
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AbstractWhile behavioural economics has become part of mainstream economic theory, showing systematic deviations from the standard homo economicius in normal environments, there has been little exploration of behaviour in the extreme – such as conflict, disasters or war zones. This has led to the underdevelopment of behavioural theory examining the choices or motivations of individuals within these environments, resulting in sub-optimal models and policy. This work provides an entry point for the application of behavioural economics within conflict zones, specifically the examination of decision-making of non-combatant individuals. Additionally, it provides insight into the related disaster research field, detailing current studies, overview methodological approaches, approaches and limitations. Concluding with a general discussion and potential implications for policy.
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Adams, Alayne Mary, Rushdia Ahmed, Tanzir Ahmed Shuvo, Sifat Shahana Yusuf, Sadika Akhter und Iqbal Anwar. „Exploratory qualitative study to understand the underlying motivations and strategies of the private for-profit healthcare sector in urban Bangladesh“. BMJ Open 9, Nr. 7 (Juli 2019): e026586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026586.
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ObjectivesThis paper explores the underlying motivations and strategies of formal small and medium-sized formal private for-profit sector hospitals and clinics in urban Bangladesh and their implications for quality and access.MethodsThis exploratory qualitative study was conducted in Dhaka, Sylhet and Khulna City Corporations. Data collection methods included key informant interviews (20) with government and private sector leaders, in-depth interviews (30) with clinic owners, managers and providers and exit interviews (30) with healthcare clients.ResultsProfit generation is a driving force behind entry into the private healthcare business and the provision of services. However, non-financial motivations are also emphasised such as aspirations to serve the disadvantaged, personal ambition, desire for greater social status, obligations to continue family business and adverse family events.The discussion of private sector motivations and strategies is framed using the Business Policy Model. This model is comprised of three components:products and services, and efforts to make these attractive including patient-friendly discounts and service-packages, and building ‘good’ doctor-patient relationships;the market environment, cultivated using medical brokers and referral fees to bring in fresh clientele, and receipt of pharmaceutical incentives; and finally,organisational capabilities, in this case overcoming human resource shortages by relying on medical staff from the public sector, consultant specialists, on-call and less experienced doctors in training, unqualified nursing staff and referring complicated cases to public facilities.ConclusionsIn the context of low public sector capacity and growing healthcare demands in urban Bangladesh, private for-profit engagement is critical to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). Given the informality of the sector, the nascent state of healthcare financing, and a weak regulatory framework, the process of engagement must be gradual. Further research is needed to explore how engagement in UHC can be enabled while maintaining profitability. Incentives that support private sector efforts to improve quality, affordability and accountability are a first step in building this relationship.
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Sibanda, Khulekani. „An empirical study of Women Entrepreneurship motivational factors in Botswana“. International Journal of Business, Management & Economics Research 1, Nr. 2 (22.02.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/ijbmer.v1i2.65.
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Women entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the economic development of a nation’s economy; thus, this study was set up to study the main motivations of women entrepreneurs in Botswana. The findings revealed that the women entrepreneurs in Botswana are motivated by a range of issues to start business both the pull and push factors. It was thus recommended that the government should provide sufficient infrastructural facilities along with the routine concessions and incentives to women entrepreneurs in the region. For better results, there should be co-ordination among the various agencies involved, without any overlapping of the functions. Flexibility and timely assistance by the financial institutions would help the women entrepreneurs to survive profitably, despite the entry of multinationals into the country and region. The officials of both the government and the banks should take initiative in the matter of financial and promotional assistance to the new and prospective women entrepreneurs.
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Scott, Janelle, Tina Trujillo und Marialena D. Rivera. „Reframing Teach For America: A conceptual framework for the next generation of scholarship“. education policy analysis archives 24 (07.02.2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.2419.
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In this article, we advance a conceptual framework for the study of Teach For America (TFA) as a political and social movement with implicit and explicit ideological and political underpinnings. We argue that the second branch of TFA’s mission statement, which maintains that TFA’s greatest point of influence in public education is not in classrooms, but in its facilitation of entry into leadership positions aimed at reshaping public schooling, can be better understood in terms of the organization’s: a) infusion of “policy entrepreneurs” into educational policymaking processes; b) cultivation of powerful networks of elite interests; c) promotion of “corporate” models of managerial leadership; and, d) racial and social class identities of its corps members that facilitate entry into leadership and policy networks. Our framework is informed by the extant research literature on TFA, interview data from more than 150 alumni and corps members, and our observations of TFA’s 20th Anniversary Summit in Washington, D.C., as an illustrative case of TFA’s messaging and general orientation toward educational reform. We conclude that this framework can help illuminate under-examined political and ideological motivations behind the organization’s activities.