Zeitschriftenartikel: „Ensuring safe interaction for healthy applications“

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Anchala Balaraj, Et al. „Electronic Health Record System using Blockchain Technology“. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, Nr. 9 (02.01.2024): 3208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9511.

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The healthcare sector is frequently known for being delicate and intricate.Individuals' sensitive information must be kept safe, secure, and protected.Blocks of the blockchain are secured and bound to each other using cryptographic principles. By maintaining the patient at the centre of the medical ecosystem system and establishing greater security, interoperability, and privacy of stored patient records, blockchain has the potential to eradicate the problems ailing the industry and transform healthcare. By decentralizing and encrypting health records, blockchain ensures that patient data is securely stored and tamper-proof. Additionally, blockchain can facilitate the seamless exchange of medical information between different healthcare providers, leading to better coordination of care and reduced medical errors. By leveraging Ethereum's smart contract functionality, healthcare organizations can securely store and share patient data, ensuring its integrity and confidentiality. Moreover, Ethereum's programmable nature allows for the development of decentralized applications (DApps) that can streamline various healthcare processes, such as medical record management, supply chain tracking, and clinical trials. Overall, the integration of blockchain in the healthcare industry has the potential to revolutionize the way healthcare data is managed, ensuring privacy, security, and efficiency in patient care.

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Kandasamy, Sujatha, Jayeon Yoo, Jeonghee Yun, Han-Byul Kang, Kuk-Hwan Seol, Hyoun-Wook Kim und Jun-Sang Ham. „Application of Whey Protein-Based Edible Films and Coatings in Food Industries: An Updated Overview“. Coatings 11, Nr. 9 (31.08.2021): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091056.

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The recent surge in environmental awareness and consumer demand for stable, healthy, and safe foods has led the packaging and food sectors to focus on developing edible packaging materials to reduce waste. Edible films and coatings as a modern sustainable packaging solution offer significant potential to serve as a functional barrier between the food and environment ensuring food safety and quality. Whey protein is one of the most promising edible biopolymers in the food packaging industry that has recently gained much attention for its abundant nature, safety, and biodegradability and as an ecofriendly alternative of synthetic polymers. Whey protein isolate and whey protein concentrate are the two major forms of whey protein involved in the formation of edible films and coatings. An edible whey film is a dry, highly interacting polymer network with a three-dimensional gel-type structure. Films/coatings made from whey proteins are colorless, odorless, flexible, and transparent with outstanding mechanical and barrier properties compared with polysaccharide and other-protein polymers. They have high water vapor permeability, low tensile strength, and excellent oxygen permeability compared with other protein films. Whey protein-based films/coatings have been successfully demonstrated in certain foods as vehicles of active ingredients (antimicrobials, antioxidants, probiotics, etc.), without considerably altering the desired properties of packaging films that adds value for subsequent industrial applications. This review provides an overview of the recent advances on the formation and processing technologies of whey protein-based edible films/coatings, the incorporation of additives/active ingredients for improvement, their technological properties, and potential applications in food packaging.

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Sysoeva, E. Yu. „Safe pedagogical communication: ethical and speech aspect“. Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 29, Nr. 1 (21.04.2023): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2023-29-1-77-82.

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The article analyses the orientation and priorities of pedagogical communication in the conditions of humanistic paradigm of education. One of the main characteristics of pedagogical communication is the non-violent nature of pedagogical interaction. Frustration in interpersonal relations, emotional distress, insufficient level of professional self-awareness and reflection lead to the use of violent forms of communication in the pedagogical process. Pedagogical violence is a misplaced emphasis on the attitude of authority of the teacher towards the pupil. Also, it is accompanied by various forms of hostility, aggression and runs counter to the ethics and safety of pedagogical communication. The article proves the necessity of improvement of communicative competence and emotional culture of the teacher as necessary means of ensuring humanitarian adequate pedagogical relations. In addition, it describes the parameters of safe pedagogical communication: the building of trusting and dialogue relations with the pupil, insensitive behavior, the use of non-violent communication technology, clear formulas of speech pedagogical etiquette, technique of constructive critical remark, reduction of emotional tension.

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Mishenin, Yevhen, Janusz Klisinski, Inessa Yarova und Andrii Rak. „Mechanisms of cluster structures development in the field of waste management for ensuring healthy environment“. Health Economics and Management Review 1, Nr. 2 (2020): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2020.2-09.

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This paper formulates the basic provisions that determine the organizational and innovative basis for the formation of cluster structures in waste management to ensure a healthy environment and health disease prevention. The structural and functional scheme of creating and functioning the environmental and resource cluster of waste management has been substantiated. Features of the formation of the complex mechanism of cluster management have been outlined. The main purpose of the research is to develop the conceptual principles and mechanisms of organizational and innovative development of clusters for ensuring environmentally healthy and safe, resource-oriented waste management at the regional level. From these perspectives, the relevance of the discussion of this scientific and practical issue is creating integrated business and entrepreneurial structures, appropriate organizational and economic mechanisms that would provide innovation, investment, financial and economic, socio-environmental framework to address the multidimensional problem of generation, disposal and use the secondary raw materials in the context of healthy and sustainable development. Research on the principles, mechanisms of organizational and innovative development of cluster structures in the field of «healthy» waste management in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: justification for the application of the cluster approach to solving regional environmental and economic problems in the field of waste management for ensuring public health; the mechanism of integrated business structures creation in the field of waste management has been defined; formulation of the concept of environmental and resource cluster of waste management, its purpose, tasks and conceptual principles; the structural and functional scheme of the environmental and resource cluster has been proposed in this paper; creation of effective motivational mechanisms for involving enterprises in cluster interaction and specific motivational advantages of separate economic entities participation in the field of waste management have been substantiated; a comprehensive mechanism scheme for creating the environmental and resource cluster has been proposed; also the objective function and the main tasks of the complex mechanism of cluster formation have been considered. The results of the research have proved the necessity and the relevance of defining conceptual principles and mechanisms for formation and effective development of environmental and resource clusters in the field of waste management in the context of healthy development. This research has identified the need to develop the effective interaction of cluster participants within the formation of a comprehensive mechanism for managing the integrated structure, which should include the internal mechanism of the cluster, as well as the external contour of regulatory mechanisms (motivational, organizational, economic, political and legal).

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Kermani, Mehrdad R., Sergey Pisetskiy, Ilia Polushin und Zi-Qi Yang. „Antagonistic Magneto-Rheological Actuators with Inherent Output Boundedness: An Ideal Solution for High-Performance and Human-Safe Actuation“. Actuators 12, Nr. 9 (31.08.2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12090351.

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This paper studies the working principles of antagonistic magneto-rheological (MR) actuators, i.e., a combination of an electric motor and a pair of MR clutches in an antagonistic configuration, for compliant actuation in robotics. The study focuses on the unique boundedness property exhibited by MR actuators, which limits the output torques delivered to the load, independent of the received input torque and/or control commands. This inherent property is of significant importance for ensuring human safety in human–robot interaction applications. Through a comprehensive analysis, we provide analytical proof of the inherent output boundedness of antagonistic MR actuators and validate our findings through experimental results. Our research demonstrates that these actuators are well-suited for safe operations in robotic applications, eliminating the need for additional sensor measurements or complex control strategies. This promising capability enables the avoidance of trade-offs between actuator performance, complexity, and cost. The insights gained from this study contribute to advancing compliant actuation technology, paving the way for high-performance and human-safe robotic systems.

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Kurniawati, Erna Yovi, Noor Pramono, Syarief Thaufik Hidayat und Endang Mahati. „In Silico Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Analysis on Clitoria Ternatea Flower“. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 20, Nr. 2 (30.11.2023): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31001/jfi.v20i2.2190.

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This study explores the pharmacokinetic and toxicity aspects of Clitoria ternatea, which is well-known in traditional medicine for its promising pharmacological potential. Using computational methods, research seeks to unravel the interaction of active compounds in the human body, predicting not only pharmacokinetic properties but also exploring the correlation between chemical structure and parameters such as lipophilicity and P-glycoprotein substrate status, which improves our understanding of the compound's behaviour. The urgency of this research stems from the need for a safe source of therapeutics. Through in-depth in silico toxicity assessments, potential side effects of compounds are carefully identified, ensuring a comprehensive safety evaluation. This important step lays the foundation for responsible pharmacological development. This research introduces a new perspective on exploring traditional medicinal plants, emphasising the importance of safe therapeutic alternatives. The ultimate goal is to establish a solid foundation to further develop C. ternatea as a valuable resource for pharmacological applications and advance natural medicine. The results revealed many compounds with significant pharmacological potential, which show promise for future natural medicine applications. However, the imperative for additional research and experimental validation underscores our commitment to understanding the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of these compounds.

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Sidorkin, Vladimir. „PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SECURITY CHILDREN'S EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT“. Applied psychology and pedagogy 9, Nr. 1 (24.01.2024): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2024-9-1-149-160.

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Socio-pedagogical problems of ensuring safety and healthy lifestyle of children are considered. The views of individual scientists on the age peculiarities of children are described. Modern statistics of emergency situations in Russia, positive experience of pedagogical aspects in research activities and normative legal acts in the field of child safety are presented. Domestic risks of death and injury of chil-dren and some problematic components of safety of the younger generation are shown, confirming the importance of forming a culture of safe behaviour of children. The attention of citizens, society and the state in modern conditions, in connection with emerging threats to reality, is particularly focused on the issues of children's safety. The author considers the peculiarities of the educational process with the par-ticipation of the parental community, mentors and involvement of mass media. The problem in communi-cation processes between children in social networks and messengers, which often lead to certain inter-personal conflicts, is described separately. Some concepts of the model of forming a safe environment for children, taking into account their physical and psycho-physiological characteristics, and involving troubled teenagers in social activities are proposed. Sports influence is reflected as an important point. The importance of interaction between the services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Min-istry of Emergency Situations of Russia, providing security of citizens and the state is emphasised.

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Raikar, Amisha S., Pramod Kumar, Gokuldas (Vedant) S. Raikar und Sandesh N. Somnache. „Advances and Challenges in IoT-Based Smart Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review“. Applied System Innovation 6, Nr. 4 (27.06.2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi6040062.

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In the current era of technology, the internet of things (IoT) plays a vital role in smart drug delivery systems. It is an emerging field that offers promising solutions for improving the efficacy, safety, and patient compliance of drug therapies. IoT-based drug delivery systems leverage advanced devices, sophisticated sensors, and smart tools to monitor and analyse the health matrices of the patient in real-time, allowing for personalised and targeted drug delivery. This technology is implemented through various types of devices, including wearable and implantable devices such as infusion pumps, smart pens, inhalers, and auto-injectors. However, the development and implementation of IoT-based drug delivery systems pose several challenges, such as ensuring data security and privacy, regulatory compliance, compatibility, and reliability. In this paper, the latest research on smart wearable devices and its analysis are addressed. It also focuses on the challenges of ensuring the safe and efficient use of this technology in healthcare applications.

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Giri, K., und R. Khanal. „Energy Loss of Proton Beam on Ovary Tumor“. Journal of Nepal Physical Society 5, Nr. 1 (26.12.2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v5i1.26879.

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Proton beam therapy is more effective method than most common radiation (x-rays or photons) therapy and is a new type of irradiation that destroys the tumor or cancer cells in the human body. In the proton therapy, the beam consists of charged nuclei of hydrogen atoms i.e. hydrogen ions or protons. The beam of proton loses the most of its energy to the targeted tissue like ovary tumor cells, with less impact of healthy tissues and organs. This property of a proton beam makes it ideal for clinical applications. When organ safe keeping is our priority then proton beam therapy is the most effective tool to damage nearby affected tissues. For efficient treatment planning in ovary tumor, the maximal energy loss of proton beam in its tissues must be exactly calculated. The method of computer simulation, SRIM is employed for the calculation of energy loss by energized proton beam irradiation on ovary tumor at a depth of 43.3 mm. The stopping power and range data agrees with standard reference data. 65 Mev energy loss is caused by ionization and the energy loss in various layers viz. skin, adipose tissue, soft muscle and ovary are approximately 2.6 MeV, 15 MeV, 7 MeVand 40 MeV respectively, ensuring less injury to healthy cells.

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Roacho-Pérez, Jorge A., Fernando G. Ruiz-Hernandez, Christian Chapa-Gonzalez, Herminia G. Martínez-Rodríguez, Israel A. Flores-Urquizo, Florencia E. Pedroza-Montoya, Elsa N. Garza-Treviño, Minerva Bautista-Villareal, Perla E. García-Casillas und Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez. „Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80: In Vitro Characterization Using Primary Cell Cultures“. Polymers 12, Nr. 2 (02.02.2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020300.

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Some medical applications of magnetic nanoparticles require direct contact with healthy tissues and blood. If nanoparticles are not designed properly, they can cause several problems, such as cytotoxicity or hemolysis. A strategy for improvement the biological proprieties of magnetic nanoparticles is their functionalization with biocompatible polymers and nonionic surfactants. In this study we compared bare magnetite nanoparticles against magnetite nanoparticles coated with a combination of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350) and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80). Physical characteristics of nanoparticles were evaluated. A primary culture of sheep adipose mesenchymal stem cells was developed to measure nanoparticle cytotoxicity. A sample of erythrocytes from a healthy donor was used for the hemolysis assay. Results showed the successful obtention of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80, with a spherical shape, average size of 119.2 nm and a zeta potential of +5.61 mV. Interaction with mesenchymal stem cells showed a non-cytotoxic propriety at doses lower than 1000 µg/mL. Interaction with erythrocytes showed a non-hemolytic propriety at doses lower than 100 µg/mL. In vitro information obtained from this work concludes that the use of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80 is safe for a biological system at low doses.

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Gibiino, Giulia, Martina De Siena, Monica Sbrancia, Cecilia Binda, Vittorio Sambri, Antonio Gasbarrini und Carlo Fabbri. „Dietary Habits and Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults: Focusing on the Right Diet. A Systematic Review“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 13 (23.06.2021): 6728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136728.

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Diet is the first to affect our intestinal microbiota and therefore the state of eubiosis. Several studies are highlighting the potential benefits of taking certain nutritional supplements, but a dietary regime that can ensure the health of the intestinal microbiota, and the many pathways it governs, is not yet clearly defined. We performed a systematic review of the main studies concerning the impact of an omnivorous diet on the composition of the microbiota and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Some genera and phyla of interest emerged significantly and about half of the studies evaluated consider them to have an equally significant impact on the production of SCFAs, to be a source of nutrition for our colon cells, and many other processes. Although numerous randomized trials are still needed, the Mediterranean diet could play a valuable role in ensuring our health through direct interaction with our microbiota.

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C R, Dr Mamtha. „Freshness of Food Detection Using Iot and Machine Learning“. International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 10, Nr. 03 (30.04.2024): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2024.v1003.44.

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In today's world, food spoilage is a crucial problem as consuming spoiled food is harmful for consumers. Our proposed work aims at detecting spoiled food using appropriate sensors and monitoring gases like carbon monoxide, ammonia and benzene which are released by the particular food item. A micro controller named Arduino that senses this and issues an alert using internet of things, so that appropriate action can be taken. This approach has widespread applications in the food industry, where manual detection methods are prevalent. The preservation of food freshness is critical for ensuring consumer safety and reducing wastage. The proposed machine learning algorithm, Support Vector Machine, has been integrated into this model to estimate the likelihood of food spoilage when purchased from a specific vendor. This will increase competition among retailers to sell more healthy and fresh food and create a safe world for all consumers alike. Through this approach, our project not only enhances food safety but also promotes a culture of freshness and quality in the food supply chain.

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Ankri, Rinat, und Dror Fixler. „Gold nanorods based diffusion reflection measurements: current status and perspectives for clinical applications“. Nanophotonics 6, Nr. 5 (14.07.2017): 1031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0033.

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AbstractOptical imaging is a powerful tool for investigating the structure and function of tissues. Tissue optical imaging technologies are generally discussed under two broad regimes: microscopic and macroscopic, while the latter is widely investigated in the field of light-tissue interaction. Among the developed optical technologies for tissue investigation, the diffusion reflectance (DR) method is a simple and safe technology. However, this method suffers from low specificity and low signal-to-noise ratio, so the extraction of the tissue properties is not an easy task. In this review, we describe the use of gold nanorods (GNRs) in DR spectroscopy. The GNRs present unique optical properties which enhance the scattering and absorption properties of a tissue. The GNRs can be easily targeted toward abnormal sites in order to improve the DR signal and to distinguish between the healthy and the abnormal sites in the tissue, with high specificity. This article describes the use of the DR-GNRs method for the detection of cancer and atherosclerosis, from light transfer theory, through the extraction of the tissue properties using the diffusion theory and up to DR in vivo measurements.

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Shima, Faizatul, und Anuar Kasa. „Stability Analysis on Tower Crane Foundation Using Finite Element Method“. Jurnal Kejuruteraan si5, Nr. 2 (30.11.2022): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-si5(2)-21.

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Currently, the construction of high-rise buildings is increasing as the modernization of the city. Especially in the heart of Kuala Lumpur City, construction is more focused on the construction of high-rise buildings due to over-crowded areas. To meet demand due to the activity, the number of tower cranes brought into Malaysia has increased. The tower crane is used to lift construction items and requires a solid base to ensure tower crane stability. Analysis obtained from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), the rate of accidents involving in particular the use of cranes tower cranes occurred due to the failure of the crane foundation. The main objective in carrying out this project is to ensure the stability of the foundations for ensuring the safe use of tower cranes in reducing accident site, determine the calculation of the basic design of the site and the last one is to analyze the stability of the soil through the interaction between the soil and the basic structure of the site. Design calculations from qualified engineers as well as engineering software for analysis tests are an important element in the success of this research project. Among the parameters required are ground properties information for the installed tower cranes, engineering drawings for tower crane structure and Plaxis 3D computer software for analysis purposes. The implication of this project is to achieve the department’s quality policy in providing and maintaining a quality, safe and healthy work and system without any harm and risk.

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Jamal S, Kahil Mustafa, und Eiji Kamioka. „Emotions detection scheme using facial skin temperature and heart rate variability“. MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927702037.

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Technology nowadays is aiming to provide a better life quality for people, schools and universities are working for the convenient of the students as well as ensuring a high quality of education is attained. Emotions detections system can be a solution for better education results and may also be used as a part of human-computer interaction applications such as robotics, games, and intelligent tutoring system, This study shows potentials method of detecting emotions using mobile computing to recognize and identify emotions (Relax, Fear, Sadness, and Joy) based on facial skin temperature, more specifically 5 spots on the face, Nose, Glabellar line (between the eyes and eyebrows) right\lift cheeks and the chin, in addition to the Heart Rate Variability (HRV). An experiment was conducted with 20 healthy subjects (10 females and 10 males, 20 to 31 years old), Both visual and auditory media were used to induce these emotions in the experiment. By the end of this paper, the output data will be anglicized by an Artificial neural network (ANN) The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was selected as a classifier with a result of 88.75 % accuracy. This mechanism proves that human`s emotions can easily identify without physical interaction with the subject and with high reliability with only 0.11 misprediction rate

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Yernarkyzy Abdiraiymova, Akdana, Yerbol Musinovich Abaideldinov und Bahyt Zhussipova Akylbayevna. „International legal cooperation of countries in ensuring the human rights to adequate food“. RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', Nr. 1 (August 2022): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2022-001009.

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This article discusses issues concerning international legal regulation of coopera-tion of states in resolving the problems related to ensuring the human rights to ad-equate food and food security in general, including in the context of a pandemic that has had a significant impact on the development of the world's economy. The work studies: the development of international legal regulation of partnership in the field of food security, the goals and authority of Food and Agriculture Organi-zation (FAO), the conditions of the food market and the world's economy. The study examines the right of everyone to access safe and healthy food, in accord-ance with the right to for adequate food and the basic right of everyone to be free from hunger. It is noted that the world food security system covers: the creation of national food supplies coordinated on the international level; provision of food aid to countries in need, organization of an early warning system on food shortage; an increase of the share of developing countries in international trade of agriculture products. One of the factors of the establishment of intranational food security is food sup-port to developing states. The article considers various principles like roman princi-ples of sustainable global food security; a comprehensive approach to food securi-ty; strategic coordinative cooperation; the principle of supporting national, region-al and international programs; close interaction with international organizations and principle of maintaining of assumed financial obligations. It is noted that the lack of positive results in a process of resolving issues concern-ing food supply requires improvement of the effectiveness of multilateral man-agement system dealing with ensuring world's food security, through the unifica-tion and coordination of efforts of states, international organizations, and other interested parties at local and global levels. A similar policy is proposed to be considered in complex with global and regional issues, including negotiations on the creation of a fair international trade regime, which will positively affect the strengthening of national food security potential of developing countries and improve the effectiveness of international food assis-tance programs. Such policy is proposed to be reflected and specified in agriculture doctrines of national and regional levels.

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Lutkovska, Svitlana. „Sustainable and stable system development of environmental safety in globalization. Actual problems of innovative economy“. Actual problems of innovative economy, Nr. 2020/2 (28.05.2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2020-2-1.

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This article analyzes the impact of environmental safety on the level of development of economic systems, ensuring their sustainability and stable development. These interdependencies are described in view of the need to improve the admin-istration system and increase the level of public well-being, as exemplified by the spread of the Covid-19 virus in the world. The description of the categories "economic sustainability" and "sustainable development" has been made in the context of environmental safety. Sustainable development has been proven to be a general concept regarding the need to strike a balance between meeting the modern needs of humanity and protecting the interests of future generations, including their need for a safe and healthy environment. It has been argued that environmental safety is one of the priority principles for the sustaina-ble development of all countries of the world, which implies the introduction of a model that can meet the needs of today's and future generations. The principles of ecological safety formation are considered. Priority directions of sustainable devel-opment are defined on the basis of forming the concept of ensuring environmental safety. The classification of introduction problems of ecologically balanced system of nature management and conservation of natural ecosystems is made. It is estab-lished that the aim of the process of guaranteeing ecological safety in the territory of Ukraine under the conditions of global-ization, in the near future, is to stabilize and improve the state of the environment of Ukraine by integrating the ecological policy into socio-economic development to guarantee an ecologically safe natural environment for the life and health of the population, the introduction of an environmentally balanced management system and conservation of natural ecosystems. The directions of ecological policy for Ukraine in the conditions of globalization transformations are developed, which con-sist in interaction of international community and domestic; ignoring the environmental component of political programs; the cost of implementing eco-programs for the state and society. The influence of socio-ecological-economic development and place of technological progress are investigated in the context of preservation of sustainable standards of life, traditional cultural values, environment. Keywords: economic sustainability, safety, sustainable development, environmental safety.

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Jarque-Bou, Néstor J., Margarita Vergara und Joaquín L. Sancho-Bru. „Understanding Forearm Muscle Activity during Everyday Common Grasps: Insights for Rehabilitation, Prosthetic Control, and Human–Machine Interaction“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 8 (10.04.2024): 3190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083190.

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The specific role of forearm muscles in the development of activities of daily living (ADL) remains unknown. Consequently, studying forearm muscle activity during the most commonly used grasps in ADL would yield valuable insights for hand function evaluation, rehabilitation, and advancements in prosthetic control. In this study, forearm muscle activity was analyzed in 22 healthy subjects, examining seven representative forearm areas during the performance of seven types of grasps at 50% of maximum effort. A Scheirer–Ray–Hare test revealed significant differences for grasp, spot, and their interaction (α < 0.05), but not for repetition (and its interactions). Specific significant differences between grasps were found in specific spots by means of Bonferroni post hoc analyses, ensuring the possibility to discriminate between grasps, which is key to identifying the person’s intention to perform a particular grasp. The median values ranged from 4.4% to 32.8%, depending on the spot and grasp, with small 95% confidence intervals (0.5% to 5.5%). Cylindrical grasp requires the highest muscle activity among all spots, while lateral pinch demands the least. The findings elucidate the contribution, coordination, and function of each muscle in relation to each grasp, with implications for rehabilitation, prosthetics, and telerobotic and teleoperation systems.

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Taylor, Brigid, und Richard Nunes. „Entitlement, Indeterminacy and Professional Discretion in Urban Planning: Problematising a Child’s Right to Clean Air for Play in London“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 10 (19.05.2022): 6189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106189.

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The interaction between air quality and play space receives less focus in planning than it has in public health and environmental sciences research. In this paper, seven local planning authorities of inner London (UK) were sampled from the 10 boroughs with the worst air quality in parks. Greenwich, with significantly better air quality, was included for comparison. The selected authorities were validated against deprivation data, ensuring variance in socio-economic terms. Across this sample, 21 major residential planning applications were assessed, alongside a document analysis of planning policy documents for each authority. Lastly, five semi-structured interviews with different practitioners collectively provided multi-disciplinary perspectives on the planning processes across the sample. Despite the national government having conferred children a right to leisure space and a healthy environment via international conventions, the English planning system, as an institutional rights framework, is not consistently prioritising the delivery of children’s play space nor delivering play space where the air quality has been robustly assessed. In other words, such rights have been subjugated to other priorities in limited urban space in London. Therefore, a discretionary planning system does not preclude individual human rights from becoming disadvantaged under democratically controlled decision-making processes.

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Lee, Lian-Wang, I.-Hsum Li, Liang-Yu Lu, Yu-Bin Hsu, Shean-Juinn Chiou und Te-Jen Su. „Hardware Development and Safety Control Strategy Design for a Mobile Rehabilitation Robot“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 12 (12.06.2022): 5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125979.

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The use of bodyweight unloading force control on a treadmill with therapist manual assistance for gait training imposes constraints on natural walking. It influences the patient’s training effect for a full range of natural walks. This study presents a prototype and a safety controller for a mobile rehabilitation robot (MRR). The prototype integrates an autonomous mobile bodyweight support system (AMBSS) with a lower-limb exoskeleton system (LES) to simultaneously achieve natural over-ground gait training and motion relearning. Human-centered rehabilitation robots must guarantee the safety of patients in the presence of significant tracking errors. It is difficult for traditional stiff controllers to ensure safety and excellent tracking accuracy concurrently, because they cannot explicitly guarantee smooth, safe, and overdamped motions without overshoot. This paper integrated a linear extended state observer (LESO) into proxy-based sliding mode control (ILESO-PSMC) to overcome this problem. The LESO was used to observe the system’s unknown states and total disturbance simultaneously, ensuring that the “proxy” tracks the reference target accurately and avoids the unsafe control of the MRR. Based on the Lyapunov theorem to prove the closed-loop system stability, the proposed safety control strategy has three advantages: (1) it provides an accurate and safe control without worsening tracking performance during regular operation, (2) it guarantees safe recoveries and overdamped properties after abnormal events, and (3) it need not identify the system model and measure unknown system states as well as external disturbance, which is quite difficult for human–robot interaction (HRI) systems. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed ILESO-PSMC for MRR. The experimental comparison also indicates better safety performance for the ILESO-PSMC than for the conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control.

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Cinan, Ezgi, Sumeyye Cesur, Merve Erginer Haskoylu, Oguzhan Gunduz und Ebru Toksoy Oner. „Resveratrol-Loaded Levan Nanoparticles Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Technique“. Nanomaterials 11, Nr. 10 (30.09.2021): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102582.

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Considering the significant advances in nanostructured systems in various biomedical applications and the escalating need for levan-based nanoparticles as delivery systems, this study aimed to fabricate levan nanoparticles by the electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) technique. The hydrolyzed derivative of levan polysaccharide from Halomonas smyrnensis halophilic bacteria, hydrolyzed Halomonas levan (hHL), was used. Nanoparticles were obtained by optimizing the EHDA parameters and then they were characterized in terms of morphology, molecular interactions, drug release and cell culture studies. The optimized hHL and resveratrol (RS)-loaded hHL nanoparticles were monodisperse and had smooth surfaces. The particle diameter size of hHL nanoparticles was 82.06 ± 15.33 nm. Additionally, release of RS from the fabricated hHL nanoparticles at different pH conditions were found to follow the first-order release model and hHL with higher RS loading showed a more gradual release. In vitro biocompatibility assay with human dermal fibroblast cell lines was performed and cell behavior on coated surfaces was observed. Nanoparticles were found to be safe for healthy cells. Consequently, the fabricated hHL-based nanoparticle system may have potential use in drug delivery systems for wound healing and tissue engineering applications and surfaces could be coated with these electrosprayed particles to improve cellular interaction.

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Kimyaev, I. T., und B. V. Sokolov. „Methodology for Ensuring the Viability for a Complex Object Based on Managing its Structural Dynamics“. Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 25, Nr. 4 (10.04.2024): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.25.167-176.

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The article examines a conceptual model that forms the basis of the authors’ proposed approach to solving the problem of creating integrated information-management systems (IMS) for making managerial decisions, embedded within the structure of vertically integrated Business Entity (BE) to maintain their viability. Viability is understood as the ability of an BE to maintain key technological and business indicators within safe ranges throughout its life cycle (LC), while being subject to the influence of destructive internal and external factors. The problem of synthesizing a generalized structure of an IMS is proposed to solve using a system-cybernetic approach, which considers this problem as the managing its structural dynamics. Managing structural dynamics enables maintaining a regulated level of viability of the vertically integrated BE at all the key stages of its life cycle. The proposed structure of model-algorithmic support (MAS) implements the methods for complexity management. This methodology proposes the approach that justifies the evolutionary redistribution of roles between managerial teams of the vertically integrated BE and functionally equivalent information-management systems. The results of implementing the structure of an IMS, as an example are provided, which arises through the transformation of its original multi-structural state into a qualitatively different state. Multi-structural states are characterized by the use of various control methods, such as "Automatic Multi-Factor", "Automatic Optimal" "Manual on site" etc. In the synthesis of the IMS structure, the methods for system modeling technologies based on simulation-statistical and fuzzy-possibilistic approaches were used.

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Lauková, Andrea, Oľga Burdová und Jozef Nagy. „In Situ Interaction of Enterocin A/P with Staphylococcusaureus SA5 in Goat Milk Lump Cheese“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 19 (30.09.2022): 9885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199885.

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In Slovakia, goat milk is used for the production of traditional/local products, for example goat milk lump cheese. Healthy and safe dairy products are one of the major objectives for producers and consumers. Staphylococci are found in frequent contaminants of raw milk and dairy products. A promising approach of how to prevent/eliminate them is represented by bacteriocins. The aim of this study was testing in situ the anti-staphylococcal effect of Enterocin A/P, characterized in our laboratory and produced by the non-autochthonous strain Enterococcus faecium EK13 = CCM7419 against the contaminant strain Staphylococcus aureus SA5 experimentally inoculated in a goat milk vat during processing of goat milk lump cheese to show the application potential of Enterocin A/P. In addition, the parameters influencing the ripening of the cheese (lactic acid-LA), the acidity °SH and the pH were also checked. The 2.5 log cycle difference was found in the EV comparing to the CV at day 168 (1 week), which indicates a reduction of SA5 cells due to Ent A/P. The acidity value (pH and °SH) and LA were not negatively influenced. These preliminary results indicate that Enterocin A/P seems to be a promising additive for dairy products. Moreover, this is the first study showing in situ (in goat milk cheese) the anti-staphylococcal effect of Ent A/P.

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Golovina, Svetlana Yu, und Olesya V. Shcherbakova. „A new era in the labor protection of workers: safe and healthy environment as one of the goals of sustainable development“. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 62, Nr. 5 (25.06.2022): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-5-344-352.

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The course developed by the UN General Assembly to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of the introduction of new technologies, automation and robotization of production naturally determines the transformation of the approach to the legal regulation of labor protection. At the same time, the established practice of applying labor legislation and statistical data have revealed a number of problems of inefficient interaction between employees and employers on issues of ensuring safe working conditions. The article aims to analyze the current legislation in the field of labor protection from the perspective of the triune essence of labor relations. We have paid special attention to the influence of a combination of biological phenomena, psychological factors and social events on the development of occupational diseases and injuries, ignoring which significantly levels the effectiveness of current requirements and rules in the field of occupational safety. Empirical research consists of several stages. At the first stage the authors have carried out a selection of norms that are novelties in the field of legal regulation of labor protection. Within the framework of the second stage, using systematic, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods, researchers have analyzed these norms from the point of view of the triune essence of the labor legal relationship. Subject of the study is the rights and obligations of employers in the field of labor protection enshrined in legislation and necessary to ensure safe working conditions. At the third stage, we have identified psychological factors and social phenomena that accompany an employee during his life, and not only during working hours. At the last stage, using systematic, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods, experts have analyzed the influence of the combination of these factors and phenomena on the receipt of occupational diseases and injuries by employees. The results of the study show that the current legislation does not take into account that psychological factors and social events can act in a causal relationship with the development of occupational diseases in workers and their occupational injuries. At the same time, there are no legal obstacles for the employer to take into account these determinants when regulating the sphere of labor protection at the local level. Improving professional skills and knowledge in the field of occupational safety, occupational safety culture, the level of accessibility to information about their rights, including in the field of occupational safety, taking into account the social and structural characteristics of conditions mediating the life of workers - all this will increase the effectiveness of legal regulation of the field of occupational safety at the local level. Conclusion. The study concludes that the most important issues remain unaddressed, among which are the creation of a psychologically comfortable working atmosphere, the prevention of professional burnout of employees, the possibility of recognizing professional burnout as an occupational disease with all the consequences that follow from this. In addition, the authors came to the conclusion that, in order to implement the protection of personal data of employees, a more detailed regulation at the legislative level of the process of monitoring by the employer of the labor activity of employees. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

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Martsev, Oleksii. „Особливості організації еколого-психологічно безпечного інклюзивного освітнього середовища в закладах освіти“. Personality and environmental issues 2, Nr. 5 (29.12.2023): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2786-6033-2023-3(5)-27-34.

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The article reveals the eco-psychological safety of an inclusive educational environment as a state of the environment free from external manifestations of psychological violence in interaction, which contributes to the satisfaction of basic needs in personal and trusting communication, creates the referential significance of the environment and ensures the mental health of the students of education. The purpose of the article is to substantiate modern scientific research on the organization of an eco-psychologically safe educational environment for children with special needs in the conditions of effective modern inclusive education. It is noted that the psychological safety of children in educational institutions is determined by the individual's own characteristics and largely depends on him, ensuring the mobility of responding to danger in the absence or delay of appropriate social assistance. A modern teacher must be a mentor, coordinator, manager, psychologist, and observer at the same time. That is why the teacher needs to focus on inclusive values, building a comfortable environment for every student. Among the research methods, the analysis and research of the content, principles, essence and features of the inclusive development of students in educational institutions are at the center of scientific research of many countries and international institutions, including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), European Commission, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Forum (WEF), World Bank, International Policy Center for Inclusive Growth, which contributed to the psychodiagnostic dimensions of the study. The conclusions reveal the components of professional competence regarding the organization of an eco-psychologically safe educational environment for children with special needs, including cognitive, organizational-activity, motivational-value, and reflective components. It is noted that the joint work of the teacher should be extended both to the parents of children with disabilities and to the parents of healthy children, during which a tolerant attitude towards children with special educational needs and environmental safety of the educational environment of educational institutions is formed.

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Vlachou, Marilena, Angeliki Siamidi, Natassa Pippa und Nikolaos Fikioris. „Vitamin C Fast Action Tablets by Doctor's Formulas' Food Supplements: Evaluation of Matrix Properties“. Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 11, Nr. 11 (01.11.2019): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2019.2451.

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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a diet dependent vitamin that promotes antioxidation though free radical scavenging and electron donation, has anti-inflammatory properties, supports growth of healthy immune cells and enhances bioavailability of iron in hemoglobin. Vitamin C as a food supplement is commercially available in many forms like immediate/extended release, effervescent and chewable tablets. Its absorption from a solid dosage form after oral administration depends on the release of the active ingredient from the product under physiological conditions and the permeability across the gastrointestinal tract. Generally, immediate release formulations provide rapid drug absorption and consequently a quick onset of the therapeutic effect. The aim of this study was to examine whether the physicochemical properties of the excipients, present in the solid pharmaceutical formulation under study, promote a synergistic interaction with the stereoelectronic features of ascorbic acid, so that the latter is released into the gastric-like dissolution environment in 30 minutes, thus ensuring fast onset of action. Vitamin C fast action tablets by Doctor's Formulas' Food Supplements were evaluated regarding their tablets' properties. Uniformity of tablets regarding their weight, thickness, friability, hardness, disintegration and dissolution was achieved. The careful choice of the appropriate type and quantity of excipients (calcium phosphate, corn starch, silicon dioxide, maltodextrin and magnesium stearate) in the tablet formulation, along with the application of the suitable compression force, ensures right handling/packaging and safe transportation. Moreover the disintegration time as well as the dissolution profile matched the requirements needed for immediate release formulations.

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Xu, Jiping, Jiaqi Han, Zhibo Qi, Zixuan Jiang, Ke Xu, Minzhang Zheng und Xin Zhang. „A Reliable Traceability Model for Grain and Oil Quality Safety Based on Blockchain and Industrial Internet“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 22 (15.11.2022): 15144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215144.

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Gain and oil are important compounds in global food supplies, and ensuring the quality and safety of grains and oil is a critical issue in the food supply chain security. Data traceability is the key factor in quality and safety management. Currently, it is a big challenge to ensure the reliability of data and guarantee the efficient exchange of data in various highly heterogeneous systems. To address this challenge, we develop a reliable traceability model applied to the grain and oil industry. In this paper, we first analyze the characteristics of the whole chain traceability information flow, and then we propose the concept that the connector for blockchain and industrial internet is suitable for data traceability in the grain and oil industry. Based on this concept, a reliable traceability model of grain and oil quality and safety is constructed. Finally, a reliable traceability prototype system for wheat quality and safety was designed, and the system implementation of the model was validated. The overall advantage of the proposed model is that the traceability information is safe and credible, the interaction is concise and efficient, and the security and full-process traceability of cross-chain information interaction are guaranteed. This paper fills the gap in the application of research chain network in the field of grain and oil traceability. Reference to this model can also be used to implement and adjust the traceability system, which is adaptable to stakeholders in the grain and oil industry. The model and techniques in this paper not only demonstrate value in real-world applications but also inspire further research in the field.

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Yang, Yuqi, Hongwei Ma, Zhitao Hu, Lina Wang und Xin Chen. „The Calculation Method for the Horizontal Bearing Capacity of Squeezed Branch Piles Considering the Plate–Soil Nonlinear Interaction“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 24 (13.12.2023): 13229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132413229.

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The m-method is a commonly used method to calculate the internal force and deformation of pile foundations under lateral loads. However, for squeezed branch piles, the increase in the load-bearing plate leads to changes in the pile section and the generation of a resistance bending moment under loading, which means the load–displacement relationship at the load-bearing plate will no longer satisfy the linear relationship. In this paper, a hyperbolic load transfer model is established to describe the nonlinear relationship between the soil resistance and lateral displacement at the branch of the pile, and the m-method is used for the straight section of the pile. Laboratory model tests are used to verify the correlation between theory and experimentation. The results show that the theory is consistent with the measured curve. On the basis of the theoretical calculation, the influence of the bearing plate and pile body parameters on the force of the squeezed branch pile is analyzed. The research shows that that the bearing capacity of the squeezed branch pile is improved by increasing the plate’s diameter, placing the plate closer to the ground, and ensuring that the pile top is embedded. The theoretical calculation method established in this paper can correctly and accurately reflect the bearing capacity characteristics of squeezed branch piles under horizontal loads, and it is more safe than performing measurements. Additionally, it can be applied to squeezed branch piles with different plate diameters, plate positions, plate section forms, and plate quantities as well as for piles with different boundary conditions and soil conditions. Moreover, it can also be applied to other pile shapes. This method is of significance for the analysis of the bearing characteristics of piles with variable sections under lateral loads.

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Tyulenev, I. D., und N. B. Filimonov. „Algorithmization of Automatic Parking Control of Self-Driving Car“. Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 24, Nr. 12 (06.12.2023): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.24.634-642.

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Currently, the development of a self-driving car (SDC) is becoming increasingly popular, the full autonomy of which is achieved by automatic control of all its driving modes and maneuvers, including parking — the most common maneuver. The problem of parking automation is of particular relevance, as far as it allows not only to facilitate the process of safe parking, but also to increase the density of parked cars. The paper considers the control problem of automatic parking of SDC. The statement and formalization of the control problem of car parking taking into account the mechanical and spatial constraints ensuring the safety of the parking maneuver are given. Both classical and modern control methods of automatic car parking are considered. The classical control method of SDC parking is based on the utilization of widely used Dubins and Reeds-Shepp traffic models ensuring fast acting optimal car parking. At the same time, the algorithm of a fast-growing random tree RRT was used to construct a path between two points. Due to randomization, an important advantage of this algorithm is its independence from the geometric representation and dimension of the modeled environment of the car. The modern control methods of SDC parking are based on the use of intelligent methods and technologies. In present paper in contrast to the classical, "untrained" methods, the control method of parking based on machine learning is used. The problem of synthesis of control algorithm of SDC parking based on the machine learning method with reinforcement is posed and solved. A car parking algorithm implemented in Python using mathematical libraries Matplotlib and NumPy is synthesized. Computer verification of the synthesized algorithm was carried out and optimal values of machine learning parameters were determined.

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Kis, Iudith Anci, Adela Jansen, Corina Daniela Bogheanu und Alecxandrina Deaconu. „Research upon the evolution of the preference regarding the way of working in COVID-19 crisis times“. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, Nr. 1 (01.08.2022): 965–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0090.

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Abstract After more than two years, the Covid-19 crisis is still not over, therefore top managers and human resources professionals are investing an important amount of time in finding the right way to keep their employees safe and motivated to ensure the performance and continuity of their businesses. Being interested in this topic, we studied in two distinct moments (beginning and end of 2021) the preferences of the managers regarding the methods that could be implemented in organizations such as working totally remote, totally from the office, or hybrid work while staying healthy, motivated and performant. The method used for the two moments of our research was the investigation based on a questionnaire addressed to managers working in all departments, located in the entire country. In this article, we will present the results of the research conducted at the end of 2021 and we will compare the results in the dynamics. Essentially, the results show the fact that non-sales managers appreciate more the work at distance or hybrid work and wish to keep this facility in the long run while sales managers appreciate it less and want to work as much as possible from the office. The preference of the two categories is very much linked to their job type and their need for direct human interaction. Regardless of their preference, all managers and their teams feel motivated and involved, and on the long term, they all believe that hybrid work will lead to ensuring the motivation and performance of their teams because being from time to time in the office encourages socializing, better access to information, an option to change the environment and even to, sometimes, work easier. Listening to the voice of the employees’ remains key in taking good quality decisions.

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Manoharan, Manovina, und Thamarai Selvi Balasubramaniam. „An Extensive Review on Production, Purification, and Bioactive Application of Different Classes of Bacteriocin“. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 7, Nr. 3 (09.09.2022): 72735. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.72735.

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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) synthesize various metabolites during their growth phase and are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS). Ribosomally synthesized Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) or Bacteriocins from the genera of Lactic Acid Bacteria and other prokaryotic genera are cationic, heat-stable, amphiphilic and the membrane permeabilizing peptides built with an excess amount of lysyl and arginyl residues. Antimicrobial compounds produced by LAB depend on the physical and biological conditions of microbial culture. Different classes of bacteriocin are produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The production of bacteriocin is influenced by various environmental factors. Bacteriocin has a wide variety of applications in various fields. The application spectrum of bacteriocins can be expanded in various domains such as food processing, biomedical, and personal care due to the increase in the number of newly discovered bacteriocins. Bacteriocins acquire a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity with minimal level of cytotoxicity. In addition, bacteriocins were studied for their anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines. Selective binding of bacteriocins (cationic) towards cancer cells (anionic) increases the cytotoxicity of cancer cells. Bacteriocin peptides initiate necrosis by communicating with the cell surface which selectively targets and kills the cells with tumor formation and does not cause any damage to the normal healthy cells. In this review, the bacteriocins synthesized from lactic acid bacteria along with their interaction with cancer cell lines and other applications are discussed along with a few examples of other bioactive compounds produced by LAB.

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Du, Yao, Thomas D. Grace, Krithika Jagannath und Katie Salen-Tekinbas. „Connected Play in Virtual Worlds: Communication and Control Mechanisms in Virtual Worlds for Children and Adolescents“. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, Nr. 5 (11.05.2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5050027.

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Technology plays an essential role in shaping youth’s communication and social interactions in online multiplayer games. Due to physical distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 global pandemic, online multiplayer games like Minecraft and Roblox are well-positioned to amplify healthy communication/social connections and mitigate the impact of social isolation. Research so far has been focused on how these gaming environments support youth development from the perspectives of individual stakeholders (e.g., caregivers, educators, designers, and developers). However, features of these games, such as communication and parental controls, are often misaligned with the ways in which children develop communication and social skills. Using a series of case studies of popular virtual worlds and online games, this paper provides an analysis of critical design features that serve youth throughout different stages of childhood and early adolescence. We offer three main contributions: (a) a comparison matrix of similarities and differences in communication and control features between platforms; (b) an evaluation of design features in selected virtual world platforms that promote safe and positive social interactions; and (c) a method for cross-platform comparison aimed at helping researchers, designers, and practitioners examine specific dimensions of social communication and play experience in virtual worlds.

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Suganya, Kanmani, und Byung-Soo Koo. „Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 20 (13.10.2020): 7551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207551.

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The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has the largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, and environmental factors, as well as to differentiate commensals, invading pathogens, and others. It is well-known that the gut has a strong connection with the central nervous system (CNS) in the context of health and disease. A healthy gut with diverse microbes is vital for normal brain functions and emotional behaviors. In addition, the CNS controls most aspects of the GI physiology. The molecular interaction between the gut/microbiome and CNS is complex and bidirectional, ensuring the maintenance of gut homeostasis and proper digestion. Besides this, several mechanisms have been proposed, including endocrine, neuronal, toll-like receptor, and metabolites-dependent pathways. Changes in the bidirectional relationship between the GIT and CNS are linked with the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders; therefore, the microbiota/gut-and-brain axis is an emerging and widely accepted concept. In this review, we summarize the recent findings supporting the role of the gut microbiota and immune system on the maintenance of brain functions and the development of neurological disorders. In addition, we highlight the recent advances in improving of neurological diseases by probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation via the concept of the gut–brain axis.

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Chen, Chao, Abdelsalam (Sumi) Helal, Zhi Jin, Mingyue Zhang und Choonhwa Lee. „IoTranx: Transactions for Safer Smart Spaces“. ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 6, Nr. 1 (31.01.2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471937.

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Smart spaces such as smart homes deliver digital services to optimize space use and enhance user experience. They are composed of an Internet of Things (IoT), people, and physical content. They differ from traditional computer systems in that their cyber-physical nature ties intimately with the users and the built environment. The impact of ill-programmed applications in such spaces goes beyond loss of data or a computer crash, risking potentially physical harm to the space and its users. Ensuring smart space safety is therefore critically important to successfully deliver intimate and convenient services surrounding our daily lives. By modeling smart space as a highly dynamic database, we present IoT Transactions, an analogy to database transactions, as an abstraction for programming and executing the services as the handling of the devices in smart space. Unlike traditional database management systems that take a “clear room approach,” smart spaces take a “dirty room approach” where imperfection and unattainability of full control and guarantees are the new normal. We identify Atomicity, Isolation, Integrity and Durability (AI 2 D) as the set of properties necessary to define the safe runtime behavior for IoT transactions for maintaining “permissible device settings” of execution and to avoid or detect and resolve “impermissible settings.” Furthermore, we introduce a lock protocol, utilizing variations of lock concepts, that enforces AI 2 D safety properties during transaction processing. We show a brief proof of the protocol correctness and a detailed analytical model to evaluate its performance.

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Levi, Bar, Shiri Yacobovich, Michael Kirby, Maria Becker, Oryan Agranyoni, Boris Redko, Gary Gellerman, Albert Pinhasov, Igor Koman und Elimelech Nesher. „Anti-Cancer Effects of Cyclic Peptide ALOS4 in a Human Melanoma Mouse Model“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 17 (03.09.2021): 9579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179579.

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We examined the effects of ALOS4, a cyclic peptide discovered previously by phage library selection against integrin αvβ3, on a human melanoma (A375) xenograft model to determine its abilities as a potential anti-cancer agent. We found that ALOS4 promoted healthy weight gain in A375-engrafted nude mice and reduced melanoma tumor mass and volume. Despite these positive changes, examination of the tumor tissue did not indicate any significant effects on proliferation, mitotic index, tissue vascularization, or reduction of αSMA or Ki-67 tumor markers. Modulation in overall expression of critical downstream αvβ3 integrin factors, such as FAK and Src, as well as reductions in gene expression of c-Fos and c-Jun transcription factors, indirectly confirmed our suspicions that ALOS4 is likely acting through an integrin-mediated pathway. Further, we found no overt formulation issues with ALOS4 regarding interaction with standard inert laboratory materials (polypropylene, borosilicate glass) or with pH and temperature stability under prolonged storage. Collectively, ALOS4 appears to be safe, chemically stable, and produces anti-cancer effects in a human xenograft model of melanoma. We believe these results suggest a role for ALOS4 in an integrin-mediated pathway in exerting its anti-cancer effects possibly through immune response modulation.

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Juif, Pierre-Eric, Markus S. Mueller, Hakim Charfi und Jasper Dingemanse. „Lack of Effect of Cenerimod, a Selective S1P1 Receptor Modulator, on the Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Oral Contraceptive“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 23 (29.11.2022): 14986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314986.

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Cenerimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor modulator, is in development for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease mainly affecting women of childbearing potential. The effect of cenerimod on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a combined oral contraceptive (COC, 100 µg levonorgestrel and 20 µg ethinylestradiol (EE)) was investigated. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was performed in 24 healthy male and female subjects. A single oral dose of COC was administered alone and after 35 days of once daily (o.d.) administration of cenerimod 0.5 (n = 10) or 4 (n = 14) mg. Exposure to EE alone or in combination with cenerimod was comparable as reflected by the geometric mean ratios and the respective 90% confidence intervals, while a slight increase in exposure (approximately 10–25%) to levonorgestrel was observed at clinically relevant concentrations of cenerimod. Overall, COC alone or in combination with cenerimod was safe and well tolerated. Two subjects reported one adverse event each (one headache after COC alone, and gastroenteritis in combination with cenerimod 4 mg). In conclusion, cenerimod does not affect the PK of levonorgestrel or EE to a clinically relevant extent. Therefore, COC can be selected as method of contraception during and after cenerimod therapy without the risk of interaction.

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Bhatia, Surbhi, und Abdulaziz Saad Albarrak. „A Blockchain-Driven Food Supply Chain Management Using QR Code and XAI-Faster RCNN Architecture“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 3 (31.01.2023): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032579.

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The availability of food in a country and the capacity of its citizens to access, acquire, and receive enough food are both referred to as having food security. A crucial component of food security is ensuring and maintaining safe and high-quality goods, which the supply chain process should take into due deliberation. To enhance the food supply chain, organic and wholesome food items should be encouraged. Although packaged goods are evaluated and approved by legal authorities, there is no mechanism in place for testing and assessing the market’s available supply on a regular basis. As a result, food manufacturers are compelled to provide nutritious and healthy products. In this research, we propose an explainable artificial intelligence-based faster regions with convolutional neural networks (XAI-based Faster RCNN) model to evaluate the contents of the food items through user-friendly web-based front-end design and QR code. To validate each communication token in the network, an elliptic curve integrated encrypted scheme (ECIES) based on blockchain technology is utilized. Additionally, artificial rabbit optimization (ARO) is used to register each user and assign him a key. The user will gain a deeper understanding of machine learning (ML) and AI applications using the XAI technique. An EAI-based Faster RCNN model is proposed to help digitize information about food products, rapidly retrieve the information, and discover any hidden information in the quick response (QR) code that could have impacted the safety and quality of the food. The results of the experiments indicated that the proposed method requires less response time than other existing methods with the increase of payload and users. The Shapley additive explanation is used to obtain a legal plea for the laboratory test based on the nutritional information present in the QR code. The benefits provided by ECIES-based blockchain technology assist policymakers, manufacturers, and merchants in efficient decision-making, minimizing public health hazards, and improving welfare. This paper also shows that the accuracy achieved by the proposed method reached 99.53%, with the lowest processing time.

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Ма, И. „Correlation of ethical standards of the platform and speech behavior of users“. Modern scientist, Nr. 3 (08.04.2024): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2541-8459-2024-3-178-183.

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в этой статье анализируется взаимодействие между речевым поведением пользователей социальных сетей и нормами платформы. На фоне быстрого распространения социальных сетей вопросы обеспечения здоровой и этичной сетевой среды становятся все более актуальными, и все больше платформ вырабатывают нормы для этого. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении влияния этих норм, как формальных, так и неформальных, на поведение пользователей социальных сетей. Автором были проанализированы медиатексты на 3 уровнях СМИ: национальном, региональном и личном. Помимо того, были исследованы регуляторные нормы платформы Sina Weibo. Результаты исследования показали, что правила платформ формируют речевое поведение в значительной степени, направляя пользователей в сторону этичной коммуникации. Так, четкие правила обеспечивают уважительное общение, предотвращая распространение неподобающего контента и обеспечивая безопасную среду для пользователей. Уникальность поведения пользователей, особенно различия в речевом выражении, при этом, демонстрирует разнообразие речевых характеристик в социальных сетях, включающих аббревиатуры, смайлики, сленг и т.д., что отражает уникальную идентичность и культурное самовыражение индивидов в виртуальном социальном пространстве. Исследование имеет важное практическое значение для понимания механизмов функционирования социальных сетей в цифровую эпоху и для обеспечения качественного социального опыта для пользователей. Также, оно подчеркивает необходимость постоянного адаптирования норм платформы в соответствии с развитием социальных сетей с целью достижения равновесия между социальной ответственностью и свободой самовыражения пользователя. the article analyzes the interaction between social media users' speech behavior and platform norms. With the proliferation of social media, ensuring a healthy and ethical online sphere has become increasingly important, and more platforms are creating guidelines to do so. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of these norms, both formal and informal, on the behavior of users of social networks. The author analyzed media texts at 3 different levels: national, regional, and personal. In addition, the regulatory framework of the Sina Weibo platform was also examined. The results of the study showed that platform rules shape speech behavior to a significant extent, guiding users towards ethical communication. Thus, clear rules ensure respectful communication, preventing the spread of inappropriate content and providing a safe environment for users. The uniqueness of user behavior, especially differences in speech expression, at the same time, demonstrates the diversity of speech characteristics in social networks, including abbreviations, emoticons, slang, etc., which reflects the unique identity and cultural self-expression of individuals in the virtual social space. The study has important practical implications for understanding the functioning of social networks in the digital era and for providing high-quality social experience for users. It also highlights the need to constantly adapt platform norms in line with the development of social networks to achieve a balance between social responsibility and user’s freedom of expression.

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Olena, DOMBROVSKA, TIKHOSOVA Hanna und KRAGLIK Vira. „NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS FROM TECHNICAL HEMP SEEDS“. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 40, Nr. 4 (22.12.2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2021(40)09.

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Background. A promising direction of ensuring the rational nutrition of the country’s population is the creation of functional goods from natural raw materials, safe for humans, which should be affordable, nutritious and useful. Such natural raw materials with great potential for the production of food products for a wide range of applications are technical hemp, namely their seeds. Analysis of recent research and publications hasproven the biological and physiological value of food products from technical hemp seeds. It identified the need for a systematic analysis of the nutritional value and economic efficiency of technical hemp seed products in comparison with similar products from other crops. The aim of the article is a comparative analysis of the nutritional value and economic efficiency of technical hemp seed products in relation to similar products from other crops. Materials and methods. Thegeneral scientific analytical method, the method of systematization, generalization, comparative, induction and deduction, graphical and statistical analysis are used. The empirical basis for comparing the nutritional value of industrial hemp seed products and similar products from other crops is the data of the caloric table. The determination of economic efficiency of products from seeds of industrial crops was carried out on the basis of research of market prices for seeds of various crops on the Agrovektor platform and products on the Prom.ua platform. Results. The study of the Ukrainian market allowed to identify eleven main products of processing technical hemp seeds: hemp oil, milk from hemp seeds, hemp protein, granola with hemp seeds, halva from hemp seeds, candies from hemp seeds, hemp flour, hemp bran, fiber (grist), hemp pasta and bread made from hemp flour. Analysis of the efficiency of production of technical hemp seeds allows us to say that now there is a need for increased development of production of granola, halva, pasta and candy for sale in both domestic and foreign markets. For other products, the intensification of production requires thorough work on the formation of consumer commitment, and hence an increase in demand and market prices. In addition, even the intensification of production from technical hemp seeds with the highest level of efficiency in comparison with other similar products requires overcoming the existing barriers of a regulatory nature. Conclusion. The intensification of production of technical hemp seeds in Ukraine is expedient both from the standpoint of providing profits to processing enterprises and from the standpoint of providing consumers with products with unique nutritional value. Due to the unique properties of hemp seeds and products from them, it is possible to produce products that are most fully focused on a wide range of consumers who do not tolerate gluten, involved in sports, follow a diet for weight loss, are vegans, and follow a healthy balanced diet. In terms of economic efficiency, it is expedient to intensify the production of granola, halva, pasta and candies from technical hemp seeds. The intensification of production of technical hemp seeds requires a revision of the quota procedure and licensing of technical hemp production, as this issue is the basis for the formation of raw materials for production.

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Faisal, Muhammad, Desita Ria Yusian TB, Periskila Dina Kali Kulla und Mutiawati Mutiawati. „SISTEM INFORMASI PEMANTAUAN KESEHATAN LANSIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 MENGGUNAKAN RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT“. JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE 9, Nr. 1 (29.04.2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33143/jics.v9i1.2940.

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Abstrak— Pandemi COVID-19 telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan masyarakat, terutama pada kelompok lansia yang rentan terhadap penyakit dan komplikasi yang serius. Pemantauan kesehatan lansia menjadi sangat penting dalam memastikan mereka tetap aman dan mendapatkan perawatan yang diperlukan. Namun, dalam situasi pandemi ini, di mana interaksi fisik harus dibatasi, diperlukan solusi teknologi yang efektif untuk melakukan pemantauan kesehatan lansia secara berkala. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menggunakan metode pengembangan aplikasi cepat (Rapid Application Development) untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem pemantauan kesehatan lansia yang responsif dan mudah digunakan. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan pengembangan aplikasi yang cepat dan fleksibel, yang sangat diperlukan dalam situasi darurat seperti pandemi. Sistem pemantauan kesehatan lansia yang dihasilkan melibatkan penggunaan perangkat mobile dan platform berbasis web. Lansia dapat mengunduh aplikasi mobile yang dirancang khusus untuk mereka, yang memungkinkan mereka memantau gejala kesehatan mereka sendiri, seperti suhu tubuh, tekanan darah, dan denyut nadi, serta memasukkan informasi penting seperti riwayat perjalanan dan kontak dengan orang yang terinfeksi COVID-19. Data yang dikumpulkan oleh aplikasi mobile dikirim secara real-time ke platform web, di mana petugas kesehatan atau dokter dapat memantau kondisi kesehatan lansia. Jika ada perubahan signifikan dalam data kesehatan atau kemungkinan adanya gejala COVID-19, petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan rekomendasi atau intervensi yang sesuai, seperti melakukan tes diagnostik lebih lanjut atau memberikan saran perawatan. Melalui pendekatan Rapid Application Development, kami berhasil mengembangkan sistem pemantauan kesehatan lansia yang dapat digunakan secara efektif di masa pandemi COVID-19. Sistem ini memungkinkan pemantauan kesehatan yang terus-menerus, memberikan perawatan yang lebih baik dan lebih responsif kepada lansia, serta membantu mengurangi risiko penyebaran virus.Kata kunci: Pemantauan kesehatan lansia, COVID-19, Rapid Application Development, Aplikasi mobile, Platform web.Abstract—The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public health, especially the elderly who are vulnerable to serious illnesses and complications. Monitoring the health of the elderly is very important in ensuring they stay safe and get the care they need. However, in this pandemic situation, where physical interaction must be limited, an effective technological solution is needed to regularly monitor the health of the elderly. In this study, we used the Rapid Application Development method to design and implement a responsive and easy-to-use elderly health monitoring system. This approach allows for fast and flexible application development, which is indispensable in emergency situations such as a pandemic. The resulting elderly health monitoring system involves the use of mobile devices and web-based platforms. Seniors can download a mobile application specially designed for them, which allows them to monitor their own health symptoms, such as body temperature, blood pressure and pulse, as well as enter important information such as travel history and contact with people infected with COVID-19. The data collected by the mobile application is sent in real-time to a web platform, where health workers or doctors can monitor the health conditions of the elderly. If there is a significant change in health data or there is a possibility of symptoms of COVID-19, the health worker can provide appropriate recommendations or interventions, such as conducting further diagnostic tests or providing treatment advice. Through the Rapid Application Development approach, we have succeeded in developing an elderly health monitoring system that can be used effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. This system enables continuous health monitoring, provides better and more responsive care to the elderly, and helps reduce the risk of spreading the virus.Keyword: Elderly health monitoring, COVID-19, Rapid Application Development, Mobile applications, Web platforms

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Sancheti, Parag, Neeraj Bijlani, Ashok Shyam, Amit Yerudkar und Rohan Lunawat. „ORTHO AI : The Dawn Of A New Era: Artificial Intelligence In Orthopaedics“. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics 8, Nr. 2 (2023): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jcorth.2023.v08i02.578.

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OrthoAI is the new buzz word in Orthopaedics. It was launched on 11th Dec 2023 at the hands of Dr Raghunath Mashelkar. It was an amazing event structured around the World’s First AI Focussed on Orthopaedics. Artificial Intelligence revolution began in Nov 2022 with advent of Chat GPT 3.5 on the AI landscape. Since then the advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have started to change the landscape of various industries, and orthopaedics is no exception. Based on our observations and research, we firmly believe AI will redefine the landscape of orthopaedics in the near future specially in fields mentioned below but not restricted to it. With OrthoAI as first step we have created the foundation on which we can build on. We would be working in this field and follow it as it unfolds and present our insights from time to time. OrthoAI: A Generative AI Revolution in Orthopaedics As said OrthoAI is the foundation of the AI Revolution in Orthopaedics, and we would like to share some more insights about it. OrthoAI primary is a Generative AI like chat GPT. You can even call it OrthoGPT (Ortho Generative Pre-trained Transformer), a type of artificial intelligence model designed for understanding and generating human-like text. OrthoAI, akin to a specialized version of Chat GPT, or ‘OrthoGPT’, stands on three foundational pillars: 1. The OrthoAI Database: The essence of OrthoAI lies in its meticulously curated vector database, developed over nine months by a team of expert orthopaedic surgeons. This database is the cornerstone of OrthoAI’s reliability and validation. 2. PubMed Access: OrthoAI’s integration with PubMed enriches its evidence base, ensuring that its responses are grounded in the latest orthopaedic literature. 3. OrthoTV Access: With over eleven thousand orthopaedic videos, OrthoTV provides a wealth of expert knowledge and experiences. OrthoAI’s access to this repository allows it to offer comprehensive answers, supplemented with relevant article links and video content Before we explore the far-reaching applications of OrthoAI, it’s crucial to gain an understanding of what AI is and its main types. At its core, AI involves creating computer systems that mimic human intelligence, enabling them to perform tasks that usually require human intellect. Before delving into OrthoAI’s applications, it’s vital to understand AI’s core components: • Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that allows computers to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. In simpler terms, it’s like teaching a child to identify objects. Over time, the child learns to recognize and distinguish objects on their own, much like ML algorithms learn from data and improve over time. OrthoAI is primed with Machine Learning • Deep Learning (DL) is a more complex subset of ML that mimics the neural networks of our brain. DL involves feeding a computer system a vast amount of data, which it uses to make decisions. For example, DL can help computers identify diseases by analyzing thousands of radiographs or MRI Scans. This ability to process and analyse a significant amount of data makes DL particularly valuable for OrthoAI. • Natural Language Processing (NLP) is another critical aspect of AI that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans using natural language. NLP can read and understand human language, enabling it to extract essential information from clinical notes or respond to patient queries in real-time. OrthoAI has NLP built in and will continue to learn from all its interactions. The rise of NLP and Large language models in last few months has infused new life in the AI arena and has piked the interest in these models. We believe AI will primarily impact in following Five areas of Orthopaedics OrthoAI & Clinical Decision Making OrthoAI as discussed above is built on a validated database, along with PubMed and OrthoTV access. This makes the answers most relevant and trustworthy. With a synthesised answer from all sources, it will be source of having a huge thinking knowledge bank at your fingertips. It will act as CO-PILOT or as EBM Assistant to Orthopaedic Surgeons, helping them in tricky situations. The queries can vary from clinical, academic, case based, surgical steps, drug interactions, rehabilitation, complications, and surgical planning too. This is the version 1, and more things would be added in coming versions AI and Orthopaedic Imaging One of the most promising applications of AI in orthopaedics is in imaging. We rely heavily on imaging for diagnosis and treatment planning. AI can help streamline this process. ML algorithms, with their ability to identify patterns, can analyse and interpret imaging data from radiographs, MRIs, CT scans, etc. These algorithms can diagnose conditions like fractures, disc herniations and osteoarthritis with a level of accuracy comparable to experienced radiologists, saving significant diagnostic time. We believe radiologist are already using such algorithms and DL models, but it will soon extrapolate into a more common use by orthopaedic surgeons too AI in Surgical Planning and Execution The influence of AI will also transform surgical planning and execution. Patient specific planning and preoperative templating can be easily done by AI. AI’s influence isn’t confined to diagnostics—it’s also transforming surgical planning and execution. Additionally, AI can help surgeons place implants accurately during orthopaedic procedures, thus reducing complications and improving patient outcomes. With large data available from the rise of robotic surgeries in last decade, will help in training these models and soon a combination of robotic AI will be available to help us. OrthoAI is currently being worked as a platform for surgical planning too AI in Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Customised prosthetic development and suggesting innovative strategies in prosthetics that mimic natural movements will be achieve through advanced machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, AI-based rehabilitation programs will offer personalized therapy plans and monitor patient progress in real-time, ensuring a more efficient recovery process. Customisation & utilisation of smart devices in this area will increase. AI in Predictive Analytics Predictive analytics is another area where AI is showing tremendous potential. AI algorithms can analyse vast amounts of patient data to identify risk factors and predict disease progression. This information allows orthopaedic professionals to intervene early, potentially preventing the development of severe conditions and improving patient care. The algorithmic nature of these analysis make it most suitable to be plugged in into OrthoAI. A separate team in working on adding this unique feature to OrthoAI and we are sure that this will come as an update soon. Ethical Considerations and Challenges Like any technology even AI has its limitations. The issues of hallucinations of AI and providing wrong information are not uncommonly reported. This is the reason why we started with creating a validated database for OrthoAI and also limit its access to all unnecessary information. The integration of AI into orthopaedics will not be without challenges but we have created a foundation for it. AI will also raise critical ethical considerations concerning data privacy, informed consent, and accountability in the event of AI errors. Additionally, we need to develop a standardized set of regulations for using AI in healthcare to ensure its ethical and safe application. Conclusion OrthoAI is launched at the threshold of a new era in orthopaedics, bringing significant improvements in diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical execution, prosthetics, rehabilitation, and predictive analytics. As we start to incorporate AI more comprehensively into our practice, we need to conscientiously navigate the ethical and legal challenges it presents. Our enthusiasm as technologically inclined orthopaedic surgeons drives us to harness OrthoAI’s full potential, ushering in an era of precision, efficiency, and patient-centric care in orthopaedics.

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Aspart, Florian, Jon L. Bolmgren, Joël L. Lavanchy, Guido Beldi, Michael S. Woods, Nicolas Padoy und Enes Hosgor. „ClipAssistNet: bringing real-time safety feedback to operating rooms“. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 23.07.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02441-x.

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Abstract Purpose Cholecystectomy is one of the most common laparoscopic procedures. A critical phase of laparoscopic cholecystectomy consists in clipping the cystic duct and artery before cutting them. Surgeons can improve the clipping safety by ensuring full visibility of the clipper, while enclosing the artery or the duct with the clip applier jaws. This can prevent unintentional interaction with neighboring tissues or clip misplacement. In this article, we present a novel real-time feedback to ensure safe visibility of the instrument during this critical phase. This feedback incites surgeons to keep the tip of their clip applier visible while operating. Methods We present a new dataset of 300 laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos with frame-wise annotation of clipper tip visibility. We further present ClipAssistNet, a neural network-based image classifier which detects the clipper tip visibility in single frames. ClipAssistNet ensembles predictions from 5 neural networks trained on different subsets of the dataset. Results Our model learns to classify the clipper tip visibility by detecting its presence in the image. Measured on a separate test set, ClipAssistNet classifies the clipper tip visibility with an AUROC of 0.9107, and 66.15% specificity at 95% sensitivity. Additionally, it can perform real-time inference (16 FPS) on an embedded computing board; this enables its deployment in operating room settings. Conclusion This work presents a new application of computer-assisted surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, namely real-time feedback on adequate visibility of the clip applier. We believe this feedback can increase surgeons’ attentiveness when departing from safe visibility during the critical clipping of the cystic duct and artery.

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Gratz-Kelly, Sebastian, Daniel Philippi, Bettina Fasolt, Sophie Nalbach und Paul Motzki. „Gesture and force sensing based on dielectric elastomers for intelligent gloves in the digital production“. tm - Technisches Messen, 04.03.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0003.

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Abstract Due to recent progress in human-machine interaction the development of interfaces ensuring a safe collaboration between handling devices and workers is gaining in importance and impact to the industry field. For an adequate operation, combined sensing and actuation capabilities are sufficient for interaction units. Smart materials like dielectric elastomers (DEs) are predestinated for integrated multi-functional applications. DEs are lightweight, high energy density and highly stretchable transducers suitable for many different operation areas, like movement tracking, force sensing, haptic feedback and sound generation and can be used to develop highly integrated textile-based user interfaces. This paper shows first results on the development of a novel intelligent glove prototype based on DE elements. The main focus of this investigation lies on DE-based integrated joint angle and force measurement units as well on a cost-efficient and slim sensing electronic. By embedding the resulting system in an industry 4.0 environment, an adaptive assistance tool can be developed. The resulting system can be used to monitor the desired motion of a worker and to respond with a corresponding haptic feedback, which depends on the specific interaction task. This makes the resulting system a novel, portable assistant tool for industrial environments.

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Paqué, Pune Nina, und Mutlu Özcan. „A Review on Biocompatibility of Dental Restorative and Reconstruction Materials“. Current Oral Health Reports, 03.01.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40496-023-00358-9.

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Abstract Purpose of Review Confusion exists on the correct terminology and definitions associated with biocompatibility, including terms such as toxicity, health effects, and allergies. Therefore, this review aims to provide clarity by structuring and summarizing the current terminology, outlining the existing testing methods for each concept, and offering examples within dental material groups. Recent Findings New materials, such as nanomaterials and engineered living materials (ELM), have entered the dental field, requiring a deeper understanding of their biocompatibility. Additionally, recent regulatory changes, such as the European Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR), underscore the importance of standardized terminology and testing methods in this evolving landscape. Summary Measurements in biocompatibility are essential in biomedical applications, involving the interaction between materials and living tissues (host). Testing methods include in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and ex vivo approaches. While thresholds and guidelines, such as NOEL and LOAEL, ensure safe biomaterial use, dental materials, such as alloys, polymers, ceramics, and nanomaterials, exhibit varying biocompatibility and toxicity levels influenced by factors such as release rates, degradation, and chemical interactions. Nanoparticles hold promise but raise concerns about oxidative stress and long-term health effects. Regulatory bodies (i.e., FDA and EU MDR) play crucial roles in ensuring product safety. In conclusion, the dynamic field of dental materials requires ongoing adaptation, rigorous testing, and adherence to regulations for the safe and effective use of emerging technologies in dentistry.

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Yin, Changwei, Fuxin Du, Yang Zhang, Chao Chen, Rui Song und Yibin Li. „Robust dynamic surface control of series elastic actuators based on reduced-order extended state observer“. Journal of Vibration and Control, 28.03.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775463241241347.

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The compliance of series elastic actuators (SEAs) is significant for ensuring safe human–machine interaction. However, in practical applications, the SEA is inevitably encountered with unknown disturbances, such as parameter uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and environmental interferences. In this paper, a robust dynamic surface control scheme is presented to address the high-precision trajectory tracking problem of the SEA. Firstly, a reduced-order extended state observer (RESO) with only link-side position measurements is designed to estimate the unknown lumped disturbance and unmeasurable system states. Based on the estimated values from the RESO, a robust dynamic surface controller is proposed for the trajectory tracking of the SEA. Additionally, the finite-time filter is introduced to overcome the “explosion of complexity” in the backstepping controller, and the filtering error in the dynamic surface controller is reduced compared with the conventional first- and second-order filters. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control algorithm are verified through simulations and experiments.

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Cheng, Zhuoqi, Jiale He, Pengjie Lin, Min He, Jing Guo, Xinwei Chen, Shuting Cai und Xiaoming Xiong. „Smart handheld medical device with patient-specific force regulation mechanism“. Assembly Automation, 12.04.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-10-2021-0126.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a smart handheld device with force regulating function, which demonstrates the concept of patient-specialized tools. Design/methodology/approach This handheld device integrates an electrical bioimpedance (EBI) sensor for tissue measurement and a constant force regulation mechanism for ensuring stable tool–tissue contact. Particular focuses in this study are on the design of the constant force regulation mechanism whose design process is through genetic algorithm optimization and finite element simulation. In addition, the output force can be changed to the desired value by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the generated spring. Findings The following two specific applications based on ex vivo tissues are used for evaluating the designed device. One is in terms of safety of interaction with delicate tissue while the other is for compensating involuntary tissue motion. The results of both examples show that the handheld device is able to provide an output force with a small standard deviation. Originality/value In this paper, a handheld device with force regulation mechanism is designed for specific patients based on the genetic algorithm optimization and finite element simulation. The device can maintain a steady and safe interaction force during the EBI measurement on fragile tissues or moving tissues, to improve the sensing accuracy and to avoid tissue damage. Such functions of the proposed device are evaluated through a series of experiments and the device is demonstrated to be effective.

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„Ensuring the safety of the transportation of dangerous goods“. Truck, Juli 2022, 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36652/1684-1298-2022-7-36-40.

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This article discusses the issue of safe transportation of dangerous goods, such as oil, gas, explosive substances. To solve this issue, an analysis of existing methods of transportation of these substances, as well as the number of accidents and their consequences, is carried out. Keywords: dangerous goods, transportation, traffic accident, safety of transportation, consequences of explosion of hazardous substances

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Mital, Olena. „CURRENT NUTRITION TRENDS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY“. Market Infrastructure, Nr. 65 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/infrastruct65-4.

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The article considers the possibility of combining two concepts: environmental friendliness and healthy eating. The importance and necessity of developing measures aimed at improving the sustainable healthy eating behavior of consumers by influencing their beliefs and expanding the concept of "health", "environment". In our opinion, the popular trend of modernity - conscious, responsible consumption and its subsector of conscious nutrition would help to implement the ideas of gastronomic education, promote Ukrainian food and commodity products, and at the same time promote each Ukrainian region with its tourist prospects. The main consumers of the hospitality industry are tourists, so ensuring a comfortable stay and security are the main principles in this area. Due to the globalization of world markets, in particular food, the problems of food security in the hospitality industry are becoming increasingly important. Complications and lengthening of food chains do not make them available for inspection, and complicate the implementation of quality control and safety. Current recommendations for a healthy lifestyle should include concern for the environment in which people live, and which has a direct and indirect impact, including through food choices. The influence of the main food trends on the development of the hospitality industry of Ukraine is analyzed and the current state of realization of the trend of conscious responsible nutrition in the domestic hospitality industry is studied. The theoretical basis for future research in the field of sustainable conscious nutrition in Ukraine is created and attention is paid to the factors influencing the development of new consumption trends in the hospitality industry of Ukraine. Research on the influence of consumer preferences in the choice of food, taking into account the interaction with the environment, is promising. Currently, nutrition is considered only in the former framework - health. And although the products themselves are classified as organic and safe, but the connection with the environmental impact of our choice is not studied. It is impossible to think about preserving the health of an individual without protecting the "health of the whole planet"

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Chen, Cheng, Jian Huang und Xikai Tu. „Design and single-parameter adaptive fuzzy control of pneumatic lower limb exoskeleton with full state constraints“. Robotica, 30.08.2022, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574722001229.

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Abstract With the excellent characteristic of intrinsic compliance, pneumatic artificial muscle can improve the interaction comfort of wearable robotic devices. This paper resolves the safety tracking control problem of a pneumatically actuated lower limb exoskeleton system. A single-parameter adaptive fuzzy control strategy is proposed with high control precision and full state constraints for the safe gait training tasks. Based on the barrier Lyapunov function, all signals in the closed-loop system can be bounded in finite time, which guarantees the deviation of the exoskeleton’s moving trajectory within a bounded range. Furthermore, with the proposed single-parameter adaptive law, the computational burden and the complexity of the control are reduced significantly. Finally, numerical simulations, no-load tracking experiments, and passive and active gait training experiments with healthy subjects validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Vighetto, Veronica, Marzia Conte, Giada Rosso, Marco Carofiglio, Federica Sidoti Abate, Luisa Racca, Giulia Mesiano und Valentina Cauda. „Anti-CD38 targeted nanotrojan horses stimulated by acoustic waves as therapeutic nanotools selectively against Burkitt’s lymphoma cells“. Discover Nano 19, Nr. 1 (14.02.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-024-03976-z.

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AbstractThe horizon of nanomedicine research is moving toward the design of therapeutic tools able to be completely safe per se, and simultaneously be capable of becoming toxic when externally activated by stimuli of different nature. Among all the stimuli, ultrasounds come to the fore as an innovative approach to produce cytotoxicity on demand in presence of NPs, without invasiveness, with high biosafety and low cost. In this context, zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most promising metal oxide materials for theranostic application due to their optical and semi-conductor properties, high surface reactivity, and their response to ultrasound irradiation. Here, ZnO nanocrystals constitute the stimuli-responsive core with a customized biomimicking lipidic shielding, resembling the composition of natural extracellular vesicles. This core–shell hybrid structure provides high bio- and hemocompatibility towards healthy cells and is here proofed for the treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma. This is a very common haematological tumor, typically found in children, for which consolidated therapies are so far the combination of chemo-therapy drugs and targeted immunotherapy. In this work, the proposed safe-by-design antiCD38-targeted hybrid nanosystem exhibits an efficient selectivity toward cancerous cells, and an on-demand activation, leading to a significant killing efficacy due to the synergistic interaction between US and targeted hybrid NPs. Interestingly, this innovative treatment does not significantly affect healthy B lymphocytes nor a negative control cancer cell line, a CD38- acute myeloid leukemia, being thus highly specific and targeted. Different characterization and analyses confirmed indeed the effective formation of targeted hybrid ZnO NPs, their cellular internalization and the damages produced in Burkitt’s Lymphoma cells only with respect to the other cell lines. The presented work holds promises for future clinical applications, as well as translation to other tumor types. Graphical abstract

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