Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Ensuring safe interaction for healthy applications“

The healthcare sector is frequently known for being delicate and intricate.Individuals' sensitive information must be kept safe, secure, and protected.Blocks of the blockchain are secured and bound to each other using cryptographic principles. By maintaining the patient at the centre of the medical ecosystem system and establishing greater security, interoperability, and privacy of stored patient records, blockchain has the potential to eradicate the problems ailing the industry and transform healthcare. By decentralizing and encrypting health records, blockchain ensures that patient data is securely stored and tamper-proof. Additionally, blockchain can facilitate the seamless exchange of medical information between different healthcare providers, leading to better coordination of care and reduced medical errors. By leveraging Ethereum's smart contract functionality, healthcare organizations can securely store and share patient data, ensuring its integrity and confidentiality. Moreover, Ethereum's programmable nature allows for the development of decentralized applications (DApps) that can streamline various healthcare processes, such as medical record management, supply chain tracking, and clinical trials. Overall, the integration of blockchain in the healthcare industry has the potential to revolutionize the way healthcare data is managed, ensuring privacy, security, and efficiency in patient care.

The recent surge in environmental awareness and consumer demand for stable, healthy, and safe foods has led the packaging and food sectors to focus on developing edible packaging materials to reduce waste. Edible films and coatings as a modern sustainable packaging solution offer significant potential to serve as a functional barrier between the food and environment ensuring food safety and quality. Whey protein is one of the most promising edible biopolymers in the food packaging industry that has recently gained much attention for its abundant nature, safety, and biodegradability and as an ecofriendly alternative of synthetic polymers. Whey protein isolate and whey protein concentrate are the two major forms of whey protein involved in the formation of edible films and coatings. An edible whey film is a dry, highly interacting polymer network with a three-dimensional gel-type structure. Films/coatings made from whey proteins are colorless, odorless, flexible, and transparent with outstanding mechanical and barrier properties compared with polysaccharide and other-protein polymers. They have high water vapor permeability, low tensile strength, and excellent oxygen permeability compared with other protein films. Whey protein-based films/coatings have been successfully demonstrated in certain foods as vehicles of active ingredients (antimicrobials, antioxidants, probiotics, etc.), without considerably altering the desired properties of packaging films that adds value for subsequent industrial applications. This review provides an overview of the recent advances on the formation and processing technologies of whey protein-based edible films/coatings, the incorporation of additives/active ingredients for improvement, their technological properties, and potential applications in food packaging.

The article analyses the orientation and priorities of pedagogical communication in the conditions of humanistic paradigm of education. One of the main characteristics of pedagogical communication is the non-violent nature of pedagogical interaction. Frustration in interpersonal relations, emotional distress, insufficient level of professional self-awareness and reflection lead to the use of violent forms of communication in the pedagogical process. Pedagogical violence is a misplaced emphasis on the attitude of authority of the teacher towards the pupil. Also, it is accompanied by various forms of hostility, aggression and runs counter to the ethics and safety of pedagogical communication. The article proves the necessity of improvement of communicative competence and emotional culture of the teacher as necessary means of ensuring humanitarian adequate pedagogical relations. In addition, it describes the parameters of safe pedagogical communication: the building of trusting and dialogue relations with the pupil, insensitive behavior, the use of non-violent communication technology, clear formulas of speech pedagogical etiquette, technique of constructive critical remark, reduction of emotional tension.

This paper formulates the basic provisions that determine the organizational and innovative basis for the formation of cluster structures in waste management to ensure a healthy environment and health disease prevention. The structural and functional scheme of creating and functioning the environmental and resource cluster of waste management has been substantiated. Features of the formation of the complex mechanism of cluster management have been outlined. The main purpose of the research is to develop the conceptual principles and mechanisms of organizational and innovative development of clusters for ensuring environmentally healthy and safe, resource-oriented waste management at the regional level. From these perspectives, the relevance of the discussion of this scientific and practical issue is creating integrated business and entrepreneurial structures, appropriate organizational and economic mechanisms that would provide innovation, investment, financial and economic, socio-environmental framework to address the multidimensional problem of generation, disposal and use the secondary raw materials in the context of healthy and sustainable development. Research on the principles, mechanisms of organizational and innovative development of cluster structures in the field of «healthy» waste management in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: justification for the application of the cluster approach to solving regional environmental and economic problems in the field of waste management for ensuring public health; the mechanism of integrated business structures creation in the field of waste management has been defined; formulation of the concept of environmental and resource cluster of waste management, its purpose, tasks and conceptual principles; the structural and functional scheme of the environmental and resource cluster has been proposed in this paper; creation of effective motivational mechanisms for involving enterprises in cluster interaction and specific motivational advantages of separate economic entities participation in the field of waste management have been substantiated; a comprehensive mechanism scheme for creating the environmental and resource cluster has been proposed; also the objective function and the main tasks of the complex mechanism of cluster formation have been considered. The results of the research have proved the necessity and the relevance of defining conceptual principles and mechanisms for formation and effective development of environmental and resource clusters in the field of waste management in the context of healthy development. This research has identified the need to develop the effective interaction of cluster participants within the formation of a comprehensive mechanism for managing the integrated structure, which should include the internal mechanism of the cluster, as well as the external contour of regulatory mechanisms (motivational, organizational, economic, political and legal).

This paper studies the working principles of antagonistic magneto-rheological (MR) actuators, i.e., a combination of an electric motor and a pair of MR clutches in an antagonistic configuration, for compliant actuation in robotics. The study focuses on the unique boundedness property exhibited by MR actuators, which limits the output torques delivered to the load, independent of the received input torque and/or control commands. This inherent property is of significant importance for ensuring human safety in human–robot interaction applications. Through a comprehensive analysis, we provide analytical proof of the inherent output boundedness of antagonistic MR actuators and validate our findings through experimental results. Our research demonstrates that these actuators are well-suited for safe operations in robotic applications, eliminating the need for additional sensor measurements or complex control strategies. This promising capability enables the avoidance of trade-offs between actuator performance, complexity, and cost. The insights gained from this study contribute to advancing compliant actuation technology, paving the way for high-performance and human-safe robotic systems.

This study explores the pharmacokinetic and toxicity aspects of Clitoria ternatea, which is well-known in traditional medicine for its promising pharmacological potential. Using computational methods, research seeks to unravel the interaction of active compounds in the human body, predicting not only pharmacokinetic properties but also exploring the correlation between chemical structure and parameters such as lipophilicity and P-glycoprotein substrate status, which improves our understanding of the compound's behaviour. The urgency of this research stems from the need for a safe source of therapeutics. Through in-depth in silico toxicity assessments, potential side effects of compounds are carefully identified, ensuring a comprehensive safety evaluation. This important step lays the foundation for responsible pharmacological development. This research introduces a new perspective on exploring traditional medicinal plants, emphasising the importance of safe therapeutic alternatives. The ultimate goal is to establish a solid foundation to further develop C. ternatea as a valuable resource for pharmacological applications and advance natural medicine. The results revealed many compounds with significant pharmacological potential, which show promise for future natural medicine applications. However, the imperative for additional research and experimental validation underscores our commitment to understanding the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of these compounds.

Socio-pedagogical problems of ensuring safety and healthy lifestyle of children are considered. The views of individual scientists on the age peculiarities of children are described. Modern statistics of emergency situations in Russia, positive experience of pedagogical aspects in research activities and normative legal acts in the field of child safety are presented. Domestic risks of death and injury of chil-dren and some problematic components of safety of the younger generation are shown, confirming the importance of forming a culture of safe behaviour of children. The attention of citizens, society and the state in modern conditions, in connection with emerging threats to reality, is particularly focused on the issues of children's safety. The author considers the peculiarities of the educational process with the par-ticipation of the parental community, mentors and involvement of mass media. The problem in communi-cation processes between children in social networks and messengers, which often lead to certain inter-personal conflicts, is described separately. Some concepts of the model of forming a safe environment for children, taking into account their physical and psycho-physiological characteristics, and involving troubled teenagers in social activities are proposed. Sports influence is reflected as an important point. The importance of interaction between the services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Min-istry of Emergency Situations of Russia, providing security of citizens and the state is emphasised.

In the current era of technology, the internet of things (IoT) plays a vital role in smart drug delivery systems. It is an emerging field that offers promising solutions for improving the efficacy, safety, and patient compliance of drug therapies. IoT-based drug delivery systems leverage advanced devices, sophisticated sensors, and smart tools to monitor and analyse the health matrices of the patient in real-time, allowing for personalised and targeted drug delivery. This technology is implemented through various types of devices, including wearable and implantable devices such as infusion pumps, smart pens, inhalers, and auto-injectors. However, the development and implementation of IoT-based drug delivery systems pose several challenges, such as ensuring data security and privacy, regulatory compliance, compatibility, and reliability. In this paper, the latest research on smart wearable devices and its analysis are addressed. It also focuses on the challenges of ensuring the safe and efficient use of this technology in healthcare applications.

Proton beam therapy is more effective method than most common radiation (x-rays or photons) therapy and is a new type of irradiation that destroys the tumor or cancer cells in the human body. In the proton therapy, the beam consists of charged nuclei of hydrogen atoms i.e. hydrogen ions or protons. The beam of proton loses the most of its energy to the targeted tissue like ovary tumor cells, with less impact of healthy tissues and organs. This property of a proton beam makes it ideal for clinical applications. When organ safe keeping is our priority then proton beam therapy is the most effective tool to damage nearby affected tissues. For efficient treatment planning in ovary tumor, the maximal energy loss of proton beam in its tissues must be exactly calculated. The method of computer simulation, SRIM is employed for the calculation of energy loss by energized proton beam irradiation on ovary tumor at a depth of 43.3 mm. The stopping power and range data agrees with standard reference data. 65 Mev energy loss is caused by ionization and the energy loss in various layers viz. skin, adipose tissue, soft muscle and ovary are approximately 2.6 MeV, 15 MeV, 7 MeVand 40 MeV respectively, ensuring less injury to healthy cells.

Some medical applications of magnetic nanoparticles require direct contact with healthy tissues and blood. If nanoparticles are not designed properly, they can cause several problems, such as cytotoxicity or hemolysis. A strategy for improvement the biological proprieties of magnetic nanoparticles is their functionalization with biocompatible polymers and nonionic surfactants. In this study we compared bare magnetite nanoparticles against magnetite nanoparticles coated with a combination of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350) and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80). Physical characteristics of nanoparticles were evaluated. A primary culture of sheep adipose mesenchymal stem cells was developed to measure nanoparticle cytotoxicity. A sample of erythrocytes from a healthy donor was used for the hemolysis assay. Results showed the successful obtention of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80, with a spherical shape, average size of 119.2 nm and a zeta potential of +5.61 mV. Interaction with mesenchymal stem cells showed a non-cytotoxic propriety at doses lower than 1000 µg/mL. Interaction with erythrocytes showed a non-hemolytic propriety at doses lower than 100 µg/mL. In vitro information obtained from this work concludes that the use of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80 is safe for a biological system at low doses.

Les robots humanoïdes incarnent un lien singulier entre l'ingénierie, la technologie et les aspirations humaines. Cependant, leur progression pose des défis complexes au-delà des aspects techniques, englobant des considérations fondamentales telles que les besoins énergétiques, les capacités de détection et les algorithmes de contrôle sophistiqués. Les actionneurs, véritable cœur de ces machines, jouent un rôle crucial en permettant des mouvements précis et en mimant la complexité des muscles et des articulations humaines. L'actuateur servo-électrohydraulique (SEHA), une proposition innovante de Samer ALFAYAD et al., représente un tournant majeur en générant de manière autonome de l'énergie hydraulique et en renforçant la sécurité des interactions humaines par la compensation de la force d'asservissement. La mise en œuvre de SEHA nécessite une intégration de composants clés, conduisant à la création de la startup KALYSTA, soutenue par la SATT-Paris Saclay. Cette thèse explore la dimension électronique des actionneurs, cherchant à inaugurer une ère nouvelle de technologies d'actuation pour des robots plus performants et sécurisés. À travers SEHA et les innovations de KALYSTA, elle aspire à catalyser le développement de robots avancés pour diverses applications, ouvrant ainsi des perspectives prometteuses dans le domaine de la robotique humanoïde
Humanoid robots embody a unique connection between engineering, technology, and human aspirations. However, their advancement poses complex challenges beyond technical aspects, encompassing fundamental considerations such as energy requirements, detection capabilities, and sophisticated control algorithms. Actuators, the true core of these machines, play a crucial role in enabling precise movements and mimicking the complexity of human muscles and joints. The servo- electrohydraulic actuator (SEHA), an innovative proposal by Samer ALFAYAD et al., represents a significant breakthrough by autonomously generating hydraulic energy and enhancing the safety of human interactions through force feedback compensation. Implementing SEHA requires the integration of key components, leading to the establishment of the startup KALYSTA, supported by SATT-Paris Saclay. This thesis explores the electronic dimension of actuators, aiming to usher in a new era of actuation technologies for more efficient and secure robots. Through SEHA and KALYSTA's innovations, it aspires to catalyze the development of advanced robots for various applications, promising exciting prospects in the field of humanoid robotics

Introduction In recent decades, the development of autonomous cyber-physical systems for a wide range of tasks has been the focus of research activities for military organisations. Modern security forces can be seen as socio-technical systems. Only an integrated approach, in which people, organisation and technology are viewed as interlocking elements, enables the optimisation of the overall system. Soldiers are still at the center of deployed sociotechnical systems despite major innovations in the field of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence (Swiss, 2020). An efficient and coordinated interaction in a task force and an optimised human-machine teaming are essential prerequisites for a successful operation and thus also for increasing the safety of the soldiers in critical operational situations. This requires, on the one hand, optimal HMI development, but also, on the other hand, information about the mental and physical state of the soldier to provide improved decision processes and operational performance. Information on a common operational picture and the status of the technical systems used is usually available, but not the psychophysical situation of the soldier. Therefore extensive development projects have been launched for solutions of psycho-physiological monitoring, with new possibilities arising from innovative developments in the field of bio-sensor technology. The aim is to optimise human performance in the field and the interaction between man and machine with highly sophisticated mission equipment. An important success factor in complex operations is the quality of the necessary decisions (decision intelligence) in time-critical security situations, whereby the current psychophysical stress state of the person is a decisive factor. Therefore, an ongoing challenge for the military task forces is managing personnel to optimise and sustain performance, improve security while also ensuring health and wellbeing. In the course of intensive training and exercises as well as in real operational scenarios, soldiers often suffer physiological and psychological borderline stresses and injuries during physical and combat-related training. In this context efficient solutions for the physiological monitoring of soldiers based on the integration of innovative biosensor technology and specific load models considering load characteristics of different military forces will enable a targeted support.Motivation and Background The challenging military work tasks are often associated with a high degree of physical stress and require a high level of mental performance and concentration. Reduced concentration and reaction cause delayed or possibly even wrong decisions, which can have critical consequences. In this context a real-time system for physiological status monitoring (RT-PSM) offers new opportunities for military purpose with individual assessment of soldiers' performance limits. However, most commercially available health and performance sport systems do not meet the relevant military requirements. They typically lack validated methods and algorithms to derive essential information in real time and are not designed to be integrated into soldier's technological ecology (Friedl, 2018). Based on the specific requirements and the experience of the Austrian Armed Forces, an RT-PSM was developed as part of the VitalMonitor project and geared to the working conditions and multifactorial stress situations of CBRN defence personnel and light infantry forces. The main objectives were to analyze the individual stress in deployment scenarios and to achieve a targeted improvement in the individual performance level through personalized adaptive training concepts and thus to optimize the health and fitness of the individual soldier. The research project VitalMonitor therefore focuses on the development of a (I) real-time monitoring system, which analyses changes in physiological parameters from heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance, core body temperature, etc., (II) development of a stress model considering load characteristics of different military forces, (III) communication solution for a real-time data transfer, (IV) data management and interactive real-time visualization module to support decision processes for mission commanders to determine optimal work-rest-cycles preventing physical overstraining in trainings and missions and (V) an expert interface to visualize sensor data streams (low-level data) together with model-based analysis results (high-level data) in a graphical interface as a basis for model development, verification and optimization.This paper gives an overview of the main developments and results implemented and achieved within the VitalMonitor project. In the following, wearable sensors and their evaluation, the development of a specific load model, the real-time visualization modules and finally a conclusion and outlook will be presented.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that cerebrovascular diseases account for the second highest cause of death in Europe, contributing to 11% of annual deaths. One of the underlying causes is a stenosis, which refers to the blockage or narrowing of the carotid artery due to the accumulation of plaque within the artery. Although stenoses can result in severe health complications such as strokes, early detection can prevent such complications. The BODYTUNE system aims to detect building stenoses in high-risk patients through an AI-supported auscultation device. This device is accompanied by an app that enables users to take independent measurements from home and manages and displays the results. The development of a high-fidelity interactive prototype of this app is the subject of this paper. The app prototype was developed using the Human-centred design process, an approach defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that places emphasis on the needs and preferences of the user, ensuring that the resulting product meets a high level of usability. To ensure user centricity towards the system's target group a survey of potential at-risk patients for a carotid stenosis was conducted, investigating their needs and abilities, and obtaining design requirements. Inquired points included participants' experience with handling medical systems in home use and their general affinity for technology. The survey revealed that most participants have prior experience with comparable systems such as blood pressure monitors or health and lifestyle apps. However, participants were still concerned about being able to operate the system independently and feared making errors in the measurement process, leading to false results. The survey highlighted the importance of designing an app that is easy to use, instils trust between the system and the users, validates users in their actions, and guides them when problems arise. After the initial research a design was established through several iterations, starting from wireframing to the final design of the interactive prototype. It aims to be trustworthy and professional and convey a positive feel and calming feel. The prototype covers the four following use cases: establishing a connection between the measuring device and the app, taking a measurement, looking up former measuring results and editing profile information. Subsequently to the prototype development a usability test was conducted to assess whether the design met the requirements for the target group and to identify potential usability problems. Six people, representing potential users of the app, participated in the test, and were asked to independently execute each use cases. The tests were observed, and the prototype device was screen recorded. Additionally, an interview was conducted afterwards where participants were asked about their specific struggles and general aspects regarding the app's usability. In total, 24 usability problems were identified from the test, almost two-thirds of which were pointed out by more than one test participant. Despite these issues, participants generally displayed a positive reaction towards the app, stating they feel safe and reassured during use and feeling that the BODYTUNE system would be helpful to them.

More and more automation of safety-critical transport systems, either in the railway sector, in the aviation sector or in maritime transport, is becoming part of the further development of many systems. However, humans are certainly not being removed from these systems. Their tasks are changing and the question of a human fallback level arises, to ensure the safe operation of autonomous systems. Concepts of this fallback level can be, monitoring centers for autonomous trains, modern control centers for future drone traffic in aviation or remote shore-control centers for autonomous shipping. Because the human factor plays a major role in these applications, it is important to design safety-systems that are used in such a way that HMI can be used easily and efficiently. In order to achieve this, a methodical approach is necessary, which ensures that the human-machine interfaces are designed appropriately during the design process.Design methods for safety-critical systems provide the developers with plenty of support when it comes to the specification of a system, in terms of requirements management, model-based development, validation and verification. However, designing the HMI of these safety-critical systems, is often still a very creative process. Also, the support for analyzing the specified HMI’s, with respect to Human Factors Issues is limited, and often done in separate teams and processes. It is up to the designers to consider standard human factors recommendations and design guidelines, as well as to follow a human-centered design approach. For this reason, Harre developed the KONECT method. The method can be used to develop HMI that are specifically optimized for fast and correct perception during monitoring tasks. The method has been tested in e-mobility and truck platooning applications, as well as for vessel monitoring in maritime environments.Due to the focus on monitoring, the current method is limited to the display of information elements, i.e. fast and correct perception. However, in order to be used in the development of systems, also the interaction with the system has to be possible. The interaction with a system can have a wide range of techniques, from standard GUI elements to more advanced techniques like gesture or speech recognition. Since this, we limit the scope to simple GUI elements, like Textboxes, Buttons, or Dropdowns. In this paper, we will describe this extension, as well as the first evaluation of the extended method. This leads to the following research question:RQ: What interaction elements are there for HMIs and what insights are necessary for them to ensure rapid interaction?Chapter 2 deals with the current design methods being considered for safety-critical systems, including a comprehensive presentation of the KONECT method. Chapter 3 then presents the new insights for interaction insights and elements. These are then integrated into the Idea Box (meaning of this becomes clear in chapter 2). In Chapter 4 a study was set up to validate the new interaction elements and insights. In this study, the subjects take on the role of a designer for remote control systems in the railway sector.

Abstract Collaborative robotics is a key pillar of the smart factory of the future making production systems more flexible and responsive. To this aim, the research communities have made considerable efforts to enable direct interaction between humans and robots in a safe and integrated shared workspace. However, the industrial sector still shows a mismatch between the HRC potentialities and the HRC existing applications. The design is often technology-driven, and coexistence prevails on cooperation or collaboration. Through the case study, this article describes the human-driven design approach that a company should follow to define and evaluate different scenarios and choose the one that best suits its context and workforce. It considers safety, ergonomic, technical, spatial, and equipment issues. It presents an application common to all sectors, the packaging, addressing the complexities of the new production paradigm of mass customization. The design approach has been tested by the major Italian kitchen manufacturer and the resulting collaborative workstation has been simulated by using the software Tecnomatix Process Simulate. The simulation allowed the analysis and evaluation of risks, layout, and performance. The simulation results showed significant benefits in terms of efficiency ensuring a safe collaboration.

Abstract The world is facing several industrial and societal challenges, such as providing enough renewable energy and enough safe and healthy food as formulated in the United Nations sustainable development goals. Using floating stationary structures, the ocean can contribute to solving several of the challenges. New applications need new types of structures, with which we have limited experience. These support structures will be diverse, but also have essential research needs in common. Design of novel floating structures need reliable descriptions of the marine environment. This is particularly challenging for semi-sheltered coastal regions, with complex topography and bathymetry. Novel structures are likely to be compliant, modular and/or multi-body, requiring increased understanding and rational models for wave-structure interaction. Structures with sustainable, safe, and cost-efficient use of materials, including untraditional ones, must be developed. Smart, affordable, and reliable mooring systems and anchors for novel applications are necessary for station keeping. Digital solutions connecting the various stages of design and operation, as well as various design disciplines, researchers, and innovators, will be necessary. Sustainability will be an integral part of any new design. To unlock the potential of novel floating structures, we need to understand the requirements of the applications, as well as the associated technology gaps and knowledge and research needs. This paper highlights research needs for innovation within floating offshore wind, floating solar power plants, novel aquaculture structures, and coastal infrastructure.