Dissertationen zum Thema „Enquêtes environnementales“
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Brett, Raphaël. „La participation du public à l'élaboration des normes environnementales“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making demonstrates that participation contributes to Modern state's mutation. International, europeans and french laws offer from now on various perspectives for the public to influence the construction of environmental decisions. If it does not change the nature of the french notion of general interest, it surely modifies the way to elaborate such interest. The study emphasizes more precisely the role of individuals and groups of interest in this new procedural democracy. It underlines furthermore the conditions in which public participation can really satisfy its two main objectives, the legitimization of public action and the improvement of the content of environmental decisions
Touir, Ghada. „S'approprier les technologies numériques : étude des dynamiques, des pratiques et des usages du Web de quatre associations environnementales québécoises“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25828.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis examines the appropriation of digital technologies by Québec civil society organizations (CSOs) in the context of the New Public Management (NPM). Based on study of four environmental groups (Conseil régional de l’environnement de Montréal : CREMTL, ENvironnement JEUnesse : ENJEU, Équiterre and Nature Québec), the research involved at first an on-line questionnaire, then a structural analysis of the web technology pages launched by this groups, and finally in-depth interviews with representatives of these associations, in order to describe, examine and analyze under a critical perspective, in the foucaldian sense, the process of appropriation of the Internet and Web technology. The main findings show that the appropriation of the digital technologies depends less on « intrinsic » technical potentialities of the Internet and Web than on the sense (meanings of uses) which allowed it the users. In this sense, the appropriation of Web technology by environmental associations stems from a process of negotiated construction uses. The differences noticed in the process of appropriation of the Internet and Web technology by these environmental associations, according to the mission of the association, the working social relationships (mainly to the hierarchical structures, the reports of power, the strategic management method) and of their share social capital as together relations in network « carriers of resources », are considered as categories of analysis of appropriation of the digital technologies by the associative groups of the civil society towards certain social problems, in particular those related to the environment, and to the underlying interests. Similarly, the findings of this study show, in the cases being examined, the small role on the one hand, of the expectations of the organizations’ members related to web technology; and, on the other hand, of the « creativity » and practices of the « holders » of Web sites (webmasters, agents and communication officers, directors and officers, etc.) in differentiated methods of appropriation of these associations.
Roy-Allard, Florence. „Mises en récits de souffrances sociales environnementales chez les Autochtones de l'état de Oaxaca au Mexique : une articulation à l'imaginaire politique“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe exploitation of natural resources is often at the heart of power relations in indigenous communities in southern Mexico. Situations of suffering, here explored through an agrarian and forestry conflict in an Aboriginal community in the State of Oaxaca, are subject to various attributions of meaning, or various feelings of nonsense, by local populations. In this thesis, political narratives of suffering will be explored from the point of view of the experiences they represent. Circulation and reproduction of these discourses mean that the social imaginary that can be found within the community transforms and informs politics at the local level. The relations between discourses about social suffering and the political imaginary will be studied at the local level, in the ordinary speech. The objective of this research is to give voice people who usually do not occupy significant place in political studies.
Maucourant-Leroyer, Ariane. „Imprégnation par le plomb et le cadmium dans une population soumise à une exposition environnementale“. Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs part of the study of a site in Northern France polluted by lead and cadmium from 2 smelten (ME and UM), we sought to examine the burden of these metals in the populations subjected to this pollution. The objectives of this dissertation were to quantify these burdens and to seek the factors associated with excess levels. A cross-sectional survey included 400 children (200 living in the exposed municipalities and 200 in non-exposed municipalities) and 600 adults (400 exposed and 200 not exposed). The factors associated with increased blood lead levels in children were: place of residence ≤ 3 kilometers from the smelters, drinking tap water, eating organ meats, male sex, and warm weather (compared with winter). The blood cadmium concentration was significantly higher in children who lived ≤ 4 kilometers from UM and drank > 500 ml tap water daily, who ate fish ≥ once a week and who ate garden vegetables ≥ once a day. The factors associated with elevated urinary cadmium levels were similar to those for blood cadmium, but also included paternal employment at one of the two smelters. Adults had a higher blood lead level when they lived ≤ 1 kilometer from one of the smelters. Most of the other factors associated with increased blood lead levels differed by sex. For men, they were: occupational exposure to lead, alcohol consumption and smoking, low educational level, and age older than 30 years; for women: drinking alcohol, eating organ meats, living in a home constructed before 1948, and using a broom for housework. An increase in the mean blood cadmium concentration was observed in subjects living ≤ 4 kilometers from ME, among smokers, women, subjects with a low educational level, and adults older than 40 years
Gueymard, Sandrine. „Inégalités environnementales en région Ile-de-France : répartition socio-spatiale des ressources, des handicaps et satisfaction environnementale des habitants“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStill little investigated until now, the issue of environmental inequalities is a subject of growing interest in France. Among numerous definitions and a few evaluation attempts, one understanding seems to be more common. It refers to social inequalities in regard of both the access to environmental resources and the exposure to nuisances, risks and pollution. This thesis’ purpose was to explore the relations between the physical characteristics of the environment and the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals and the territories on the scale of the Paris metropolitan area. Two multi-criteria typologies were carried out on the scale of the 1300 cities belonging to the Paris metropolitan area, based on usual statistical indicators – both social and environmental. The crossing of these typologies confirmed the existence of an overall match between the environmental and social characteristics of the cities. This appeared to be true both on the regional scale and on a smaller scale, the departments of Paris’ inner suburbs. Our results revealed connections that are more or less distinct depending on the examined environmental factors and particularly on the very nature of these factors, i.e. whether they encompass environmental amenities or desamenities. The empirical research in form of questionnaires and distributed among inhabitants of 6 cities of the Paris metropolitan area (600 people) completed this first approach. The survey, focusing on the personal environmental experience of the inhabitants, initially reaffirmed the importance of environmental quality as selection criteria and residential arbitration for the households. Among the examined variables, two explanatory registers appeared especially structurant of the recorded differences in satisfaction: (i) the residential anchorage and the emotional relation taking place in the living space ; (ii) the trust individuals grant to means of collective action to convey their environmental expectations. Therefore, the analysis of the determinants of environmental satisfaction unveiled that satisfaction would be be less directly related to neither sole socio-economic variables or “objective” environmental data than to the individuals’ differentiated capacities and aptitudes to control their environment and act upon it. Hence, the information collected on site driven by the population’s feeling questions the empirical measurement of environmental inequalities as well as the framework of analysis for such unequal situations– at this stage still an ongoing discussion
Ndegue, Fongue Moïse Kouakou. „Efficience technique et efficience environnementale en agriculture“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28398/28398.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCidreira, Keserle Gilberto. „Exposition environnementale des structures en conditions hivernales sur un réseau routier“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66591.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModeling the impact of the various rehabilitation methods, as a function of the initiation time of the damage, is the major challenge in the field of structural durability. The durability of a structure is directly linked to the exposure conditions influenced by the climate and the environment where the structure is located. Depending on the degree of exposure, the rate of degradation of structures can then accelerate or be slow. This work develops an in-depth study on the exposure of structures in winter conditions, which includes the use of de-icing salts. A survey was carried out to find out the amount of salt used in Quebec and Canada. In addition, the three most used types of de-icing salt were evaluated to determine its speed of progression in concrete under severe winter conditions. A mobile weather station MexStUL, designed with several sensors of temporal measures, has been developed to monitor exposure conditions in two different experimental sites on severe winter conditions during 2018/19. It was then possible to predict the climatic (temperature, humidity, speed and wind direction, sunshine and precipitation) and environmental factors (traffic, road condition, salt concentration on road, splashes and salt laden mist) relating to the conditions of exposure of the structures. Models were proposed to predict exposure condition using a meteorological station and evaluation of spatial influence of de-icing salt on different types of exposure as well. A new sensor has been developed, measuring the concentration of salt laden mist under severe winter conditions. Results demonstrate an important spatial variability on stagnant water. A model about spatial influence of brine splashes is proposed to delimit this type of exposure. Airborne concentration during winter climate shows an important evolution and a concentration model is proposed and the volume of salt laden mist is also determined during winter.
Féron, Aurélien. „Persistance biochimique et récalcitrance politique. Enquête socio-historique sur les résurgences multiscalaires d’un problème environnemental et sanitaire“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMassively synthesized from the 1930s, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) are among the chemicals whose uses have been progressively banned at the global scale for sanitary reasons, after many decades of industrial production and varied usages in industry as well as in commodities into offices and households. They have been described since the end of the 1960s as an omnipresent pollutant in the environment, accumulating in the bodies of living organisms, toxic, "persistent" (which – wherever it is – does not, or almost not, degrade over time), and which can be eliminated only by incineration at a very high temperature. These chemicals have been the subject of numerous political actions since the early 1970s: not only have the production and use of these substances been progressively banned, but regulatory devices and industrial sectors have been developed to carry their elimination out.This thesis examines how damages, problems, hazards and risks have been associated with PCBs and how all these have been managed. In this perspective, the world contamination by these substances appears, over the last five decades, as a recalcitrant problem: the multiplication of technical and political devices that have aimed at managing the (potential) adverse effects of PCBs have not prevent new problems from arising and certain types of problems already tackled in the past from resurfacing.Based on archives, interviews and documents collected online, this thesis first sets some milestones for a transnational history of the qualification and management of health and environmental issues related to PCBs since the beginning of their industrial production in 1929. It then focuses on three "cases" in France, between the mid-1980s and today, during which PCBs, from local problematization, prompted interventions of different actors, including scientists, associations and public authorities. Thus, it sheds light on scientific, technical, industrial, social and political dynamics that, beyond the consensus in scientific community on the biochemical persistence of these compounds, have made the political recalcitrance of the "PCB problem" over decades
Carignan, Maude. „Écotourisme et conservation environnementale : le cas d'Isla Arena, Campeche, Mexique“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25271.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoffat, Éva. „La satisfaction environnementale au travail des employés français“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100166/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnvironmental satisfaction is a key concept in environmental psychology. Surprisingly however, it has been little explored in the French-speaking organisational framework. Our research defines environmental satisfaction at work as an individual’s overall assessment of the workplace, regardless of the spatial scale (workstation, office, organization, neighbourhood). We have constructed a scale in order to better understand this concept and its links with concepts from both environmental psychology and occupational psychology. Our study has three objectives. The first is based on Churchill’s paradigm (1979) and involves the construction (study 1), and exploratory (study 2) and confirmatory (study 3) validation of the Environmental Satisfaction at Work Scale. Our second objective involves examining environmental satisfaction at work in relation to variables from environmental psychology (study 1) and occupational psychology (study 2). Finally, we examine the ESET from an intercultural perspective by comparing the environmental satisfaction of French and Italian office workers taking an emic (study 1) and an etic (study 2) approach.The ESET possesses satisfying psychometric characteristics that can be used both by researchers in social sciences and by human resource managers. This scale can help improve the quality of life in work environments
Gagné, Emmanuelle. „La nature anthropomorphisée en publicité sociale pour encourager un comportement pro-environnemental : le rôle du souci empathique“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28285.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo ultimately encourage pro-environmental behavior, information campaigns, more particularly social cause advertisements about the environment, often employ anthropomorphism – the application of human characteristics to nonhuman entities, such as natural entities. Anthropomorphism is believed to encourage pro-social and pro-environmental behaviors through various mechanisms, such as eliciting empathic concern for the entity. To our knowledge, empirical evidence on this relationship has been lacking in social cause advertising context, since anthropomorphism has rarely been studied in that field of social causes. A field experiment was used to examine, on the one hand, the effectiveness of social cause advertisements using anthropomorphism on pro-environmental behavior and, on the other hand, the mediating role of empathic concern between anthropomorphism in these ads and pro-environmental behavior. The field experiment was conducted in public restrooms of a shopping mall and included three conditions: a no-advertisement control condition and two advertisement treatment conditions in which the use of a hand-dryer was promoted over the use of paper hand towels either with a suffering, anthropomorphized tree or with no anthropomorphism. In the three conditions, the actual behavior – the estimated average use of paper hand towels per user – was measured. Our study is one of the few where actual behavior was directly measured in the context of social cause advertising, whose ultimate goal is to influence more responsible actual behaviors. To test the mediating role of empathic concern, a subset of restroom users completed a questionnaire, which was administered under both treatment conditions, and assessed exposure to the advertisements, empathic concern, and self-reported behavior – the hand-dryer vs. paper hand towel use. Results indicated that the presence of the social cause advertisements significantly decreased the average use of paper hand towels per user relative to the no-advertisement control condition. Anthropomorphism in the ads, however, did not increase their overall effectiveness. Questionnaire results revealed that anthropomorphism was effective in encouraging pro-environmental behavior with people younger than 50, but not with those over 50. Empathic concern did not, nonetheless, explain the effectiveness of anthropomorphism on people younger than 50. Our study suggests that social cause advertisements encouraging a pro-environmental behavior can be effective, and should employ anthropomorphism, a low-cost strategy, in comparable venues frequented by younger people.
Graziani, Claire Taugeron. „Les dynamiques associatives dans la gestion du littorale en Corse“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23523.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current question of Corsica’s coastal regions has been the subject of many debates. Various associations and citizen groups have made public their disapproval of the current politics surrounding the matter, stirring up many questions in regards to the current governance of the territory, problematic in the eyes of the associations and concerned citizens. This has lead to many territorial conflicts that have yet to be resolved. Therefore this research focuses on the diagnostics of the associations when the conflicts emerge. Also it is of interest to know the means of action used by these associations, their objectives, and the effects of their actions on the coastal governance.
Chezel, Edith. „La fabrique collective des paysages climatiques : une enquête avec les parcs éoliens citoyens en Frise du Nord“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNorthern Friesland is a region on the Wadden Sea shores in Germany, on the border with Denmark. Since 1991 farmers and locals have partnered to buy and manage wind turbines themselves. They named their companies "citizens wind parks". In 2018, they represent 90% of the installed wind capacity in Friesland, ie around 2000 MW. This thesis is an inquiry with those who made this energy landscape. The “inquiry” is here conceived as method stating that the solution emerges as the problem be-comes clearer. In doing so, the thesis scours from 1975, 40 years of experience with collectively developing and managing wind farms, an experience which suggests renewing our understanding of the relations between energy projects and climate change. Taken as an experience of dwelling the climate, these citizen wind landscapes are successively observed along their sensitive (relational intensities to the environment), practical (socio-technical processes of project set-ups) and political dimensions (collective structuring between citizens and administrations to solve a problem). The thesis proposes a pragmatist and ecologist reformulation (together with John Dewey, Daniel Céfaï and Tim Ingold) of this experience as the collective making of climatic landscapes. The thesis also puts forward the concept of landscape assembly, as a form of landscape, in the political sense inspired by the ancient Landschaften (Kenneth Olwig), to describe a plastic figure, heterogeneous and situated, capable of conducting this experience and of giving an account of it. This last aspect is also discussed in terms of democratic opportunities (Joëlle Zask) and relational responsibility (Joan Tronto) to question the ways of apprehending climate changes
Molnár, Mélinda. „Les rapports à la nature et les modes d'habiter à travers les jardins ouvriers et familiaux en France et en Hongrie, analyse et comparaison“. Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010524.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndré, Elodie. „Traiter la durabilité sociale avec le BIM : Enquête sur l'acceptabilité des usages BIM pour la durabilité sociale auprès des concepteurs du projet d'architecture“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work carried out in the course of this thesis is the result of a joint project between the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Mons and the LARSH laboratory at the Polytechnic University of Hauts-de-France. The research developed in this document is based on the following observations.Firstly, we found that social sustainability was often treated as a secondary issue, or through economic or ecological sustainability, including in the construction sector. We then drew up an approach to the definition of social sustainability in construction, and found that the key words related to it were well-being, comfort, safety, etc. However, one of the roles of the designer is to produce projects that offer precisely these criteria to their occupants. They are therefore inclined to pay particular attention to the sustainability of their projects, including social sustainability. So how do designers position themselves in the face of this imbalance ? This contrast leads us to our first research questions : "Do designers integrate social sustainability into their vision of sustainable architecture ? and "How do designers define social sustainability ?" To answer these questions, we carried out a qualitative survey of construction players operating in the design phase.Secondly, following the observation that, on the one hand, social sustainability was less often taken into account than economic and ecological sustainability, and that, on the other hand, Building Information Modeling (BIM) processes were taking on an increasingly essential role in projects, while at the same time presenting a good capacity for efficiency in the management of information, we wondered about the possible interactions between these two concepts. We observed that there were strong interactions between the concept of BIM and sustainability, particularly ecological sustainability. Indeed, the notion of Green BIM brings together the various existing links between these two themes. However, we again observed fewer interactions with social sustainability, which led us to the following questions : "How can BIM be used to improve the social sustainability of projects ?" and "Are designers prepared to accept the use of BIM to address social sustainability issues ?".To answer these questions, we turned to the field of usage studies, which aims to predict the use of a new technology made available to users (Terrade et al., 2010). In this work, we study the perceived usefulness and social acceptance of different BIM uses in a context of social sustainability. Our study of the usefulness of BIM uses in a context of social sustainability took the form of a summary table showing five categories of BIM uses for social sustainability. For each of these criteria, we listed uses for which BIM could offer added value. Our study of the social acceptance of these uses was carried out through a qualitative survey consisting of semi-structured interviews. We used a constructivist and inductive posture to analyse these interviews, which enabled us to identify models of expectations, obstacles and conditions concerning the acceptance of BIM uses for social sustainability by project designers. This enabled us to complete our theoretical approach to the intersections between BIM and social sustainability
Olivero, Julie. „Entreprises et management environnemental : pratiques de gestion dans les établissements à risques règlementés situés sur le littoral français“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increasing societal awareness and the intensification of the regulation make henceforth strategic environmental issues for pollutant sites. Included within the scope of the CSR, this thesis aims to understand the management decision of environmental risks within risky sites located in French densely populated coastal areas. It analyses the ways of evaluating, managing and communicating about environmental risks, also called “industrialo-environmental risks” (IER), and identifies motivations and difficulties of these actions as described by managers. The research is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework: the work on the individual decision under risk, the stakeholder theory, and the neo-institutionalism. The research methodology is divided into two times: a qualitative study of 19 interviews with textual analysis, and a survey of 196 sites by questionnaire. Results emphasize that, despite a collective awareness of environmental issues, IER have been significantly managed since only a decade. If regulatory stakeholders and leaders' values primarily guide risky sites towards a more "responsible" management, the complexity of regulation and the lack of information explain the slowing of environmental initiatives (EMS, EMAS eco-audit, partnerships). The surveyed sites adopt reactive approaches of regulatory compliance. Costs, lack of human and financial resources, and the low perception of the immediate benefits are considered as barriers to the pursuit of more ambitious environmental activities. Thus, the IER management appears more as a way to legitimize and sustain activities as an economic advantage
Diallo, Marlyatou. „Protection de l'environnement : validité du Modèle étendu des processus parallèles (MEPP) lorsque la menace et la solution proposée sont de nature collective“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVillemaine, Robin. „Le conseil agricole coopératif à l'épreuve de l'environnement : une enquête en Champagne-Ardenne“. Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgricultural cooperatives are sometimes presented as an alternative to the excesses of financial capitalism, and sometimes criticized because of their reluctance to cope with environmental concerns. But how, actually, do they integrate these environmental stakes into their strategies and organization? How are their agents affected in their work by the increase of environmental normalization, and how do they deal with them? I address these issues through the analysis of the schemes these organizations build to bring technical advice to the producers, with a socio-historical focus based on an investigation in the French Region Champagne-Ardenne. I show that the question “who handles the environmental concerns, and how” shapes the dynamic of these schemes. Executives of cooperatives adjust their economic model and advisement frame to cope with concurrence and to respond to environmental criticism. On the one hand, they integrate the competence of sustainability into their strategies of wealth creation, upstream of the advice activity, to defend ways of environmental reform of agriculture in line with their interest, and in the same time they let individual producers delegate a part of their environmental responsibility. On the other hand, they develop new advice methods for producers who don’t want to delegate this competence. Otherwise, technical sales advisors don’t think that dealing with environmental concerns is an effective means to strengthen their links with their customers. They do with this constraint through their regulatory expertise, and develop new competences to meet the producers’ request for services
Vignal, Bénédicte. „La sensibilité écologique et les usages sociaux de la nature dans les pratiques de plein air : le cas de la baignade en eau douce“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10228.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuperrex, Matthieu. „Arcadies altérées, territoires de l'enquête et vocation de l'art en Anthropocène“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/11360.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConsidering the paradigm of the inquiry (as John Dewey's theory defines it) as a specific framework in arts and design, this research analyses the sense-making capacity of art forms in revealing the Anthropocene. Because humanity enters in the age of the Anthropocene —an age defined by all-consuming modes of production and by deep alteration of the Earth equilibriums—, this research describes the ontological modes and apparatus by which arts reconnect with Nature and felt natural environment. How do practices of art and our ways of interpreting art reflect, reverberate, contest, the ecological realities that we now face, in the age of the Anthropocene?
Etchevers, Anne. „Exposition au plomb des enfants en France : déterminants et dépistage“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYoung children are most exposed to lead and the most susceptible to its health effects, notably on development. A nationwide representative survey on 3831 children in France has established the geometric mean of lead exposures at 14.9 (+/- 0.5) µg/L of blood with 76000 children beyond the mandatory action level of 50μg / L. The current screening criteria have proved insufficient to identify these overexposed children and new ones are proposed. In addition, an environmental investigation with lead measurements in housing was performed in 484 homes. Household floor dust and tap water are major factors of overexposure, and also the use of traditional dishes and cosmetics. Prevention policies must be pursued in light of the continuing sources of exposure and toxicity even at low doses
Desveaux, Gentiane. „Démarches paysagères participatives : hybrider les logiques paysagères et territoriales pour appuyer la territorialisation : une enquête pragmatique sur les transformations institutionnelles et sociales dans les Parcs Naturels Régionaux de Rhône-Alpes“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with landscape innovation within and by the Regional Natural Parks in the Rhône-Alpes region (France). Landscape is captured as a materiality under construction negotiated along interaction processes between individuals engaged in distinct action logics. The research underlines how Regional Natural Parks’ staff invent imaginative ways to hybridize two of these action regimes (a territorial logic and a landscape one) using participatory landscape procedures. This dynamic tends to favor the territorial anchorage of the new groupings of municipalities. The originality of the thesis emerges from the adopted pragmatic posture: participatory landscape procedures are analyzed along with their own experimentation. They take on the form of an inquiry as defined by Jown Dewey, transforming worlds as well as investigators at the same time
Nguyen, Quang Nguyen. „Articulation temporelle des mobilités individuelles et impact CO2 dans les différents espaces résidentiels en France (des citadins vertueux, mais uniquement en semaine?)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis concern is about knowledge and in depth-understanding of the annual distribution of individual mobility in France (distinguishing daily, weekend and long distance trips) according to the residential locations (by category of urban areas) via the development of an annual CO2 emissions assessment, to address the issue of climate change. After a brief methodological description of the tool, using the dataset of the most recent French National Transport Survey (2007-2008), the paper presents some typical results, declining the distribution of CO2 emissions due to this mobility according to the zone of residence: beyond the initial descriptive analyses, a cluster analysis of mobility behavior results in four profiles of mobility according to the CO2-emissions budgets on these three time segments of mobility. It shows that each type of mobility behavior is not available (nor uniform) in only one type of space. A "cocooning effect" can be detected but it is probably not strong enough to confirm that the citizens of (large) city centers during the weekend necessarily ruin their rather virtuous behavior on week days through the use of less polluting modes. Case studies by gender, frequent travelers (pendulous or transcontinental), and some travel purposes (e.g. shopping, leisure) provide additional results. Finally, the analysis of occupancy rates of the car for local travel shows, that more passengers in a vehicle is an important factor for its energy efficiency (and therefore CO2) due to mobility
Bercovitz, Rémi. „Paysage, médiation paysagère et "bon état écologique" de la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise : mener une enquête historique pour fonder un projet partagé (XVIIIème -XXIème siècles)“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30051/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAny water policy oscillates between multiple vocations - social, environmental, economic, patrimonial - and arouses frequent controversies. It deploys itself according to sectorized actions, to contradictory interests and to different social representations. Today, the confliction about river landscapes re-organizes itself around a new purpose promulgated by the Water Framework European Directive: reach the " good ecological state " in 2015. Therefore, the rearrangement of the intentionality of the action is the context of my doctoral research. This one approaches the landscape at the same time as object of the knowledge and as decision-making tool. I postulate, that in front of the diversity of the social expectations and in front of the multiplicity of the objectives to be seized by the decision-makers, it is important to be able to refer to a frame integrator of reflection and action. The landscape constitutes for me this frame. In this perspective, it is envisaged as a tool of mediation capable of bringing a new "socio-territorial contract". The hypothesis of the landscape mediation thus constitutes the horizon of my contribution, which presents the methodological foundations of an approach which, applied to the case of the river landscapes of the Sèvre niortaise, is leaned on the construction and the sharing of an historical knowledge
Toda política del agua oscila entre preocupaciones y vocaciones múltiples – sociales, ambientales, económicas, patrimoniales… - y suscita frecuentes controversias. Con ella se ponen en marcha acciones sectorizadas en las que participan diferentes actores con intereses contradictorios y sistemas de representación social bien diferenciados. Hoy en día, los conflictos en relación con los paisajes del fondo del valle se reorganizan alrededor de un nuevo objetivo promulgado por la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua : alcanzar el « buen estado ecológico » de los ríos en el año 2015. Es en este contexto de cambio en las políticas del agua en el cual se basa mi investigación doctoral, en la cual se aborda el paisaje a la vez como objeto de conocimiento e instrumento de ayuda en las decisiones. Se postula que frente a la diversidad de las esperas sociales y los múltiples objetivos a tener en cuenta por los responsables de la gestión del agua, es importante poder referirse a un marco integrador de reflexión y acción. Para mi, el paisaje constituye este marco. En esta perspectiva, el paisaje se contempla como una herramienta de mediación capaz de construir un nuevo «contrato social y territorial ». La hipótesis de la mediación a través del paisaje constituye el horizonte de esta tesis, que presenta los fundamentos metodológicos de un procedimiento que, aplicado al caso de la Sèvre niortaise, se apoya en el hecho de construir y compartir conocimientos históricos
Nguyen, Quang Nguyen. „Articulation temporelle des mobilités individuelles et impact CO2 dans les différents espaces résidentiels en France (des citadins vertueux, mais uniquement en semaine?)“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0072/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis concern is about knowledge and in depth-understanding of the annual distribution of individual mobility in France (distinguishing daily, weekend and long distance trips) according to the residential locations (by category of urban areas) via the development of an annual CO2 emissions assessment, to address the issue of climate change. After a brief methodological description of the tool, using the dataset of the most recent French National Transport Survey (2007-2008), the paper presents some typical results, declining the distribution of CO2 emissions due to this mobility according to the zone of residence: beyond the initial descriptive analyses, a cluster analysis of mobility behavior results in four profiles of mobility according to the CO2-emissions budgets on these three time segments of mobility. It shows that each type of mobility behavior is not available (nor uniform) in only one type of space. A "cocooning effect" can be detected but it is probably not strong enough to confirm that the citizens of (large) city centers during the weekend necessarily ruin their rather virtuous behavior on week days through the use of less polluting modes. Case studies by gender, frequent travelers (pendulous or transcontinental), and some travel purposes (e.g. shopping, leisure) provide additional results. Finally, the analysis of occupancy rates of the car for local travel shows, that more passengers in a vehicle is an important factor for its energy efficiency (and therefore CO2) due to mobility
Adolphe, Michèle. „Réalités et efficacités de la "Trame Verte et Bleue" à la Réunion : le paysage comme outil de médiation pour analyser les représentations sociales des trames écologiques“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday the green and blue belt network is a tool, which combines biodiversity and regional development policy and fully integrates territorial planning in national and overseas territories. Nevertheless, the implementation of this tool is confronted with other realities in the French overseas departments. That is the reason why this doctoral project aims to study the case of Reunion island as a forerunner in the transcribing of this spatial planning.Reunion island possesses mapping of regional ecological networks drawn up to accompany the local actors since 2014. However, only protected natural areas had been taken into account in regional projects while leaving behind ordinary nature areas. In order to understand this lack of acceptance, a sociological work was conducted to identify the political and social realities related to the green and blue belt network. If planning issue area to preserve the biodiversity is obvious for planning professionals, this tool is seen as a way to promote the development of the island for institutions. For the other users, the green and blue belt network keeps being pushed aside. However, to them biodiversity is closely tied to the daily lansdscape and they mainly perceive it through ecosystem services.A mapping plan of these results allowed to identify on the one hand areas of ecological interest holding a common social demand, and on the other hand areas excluded from this demand, which may undergo degradation. Therefore, it is now necessary to work on landscape perceptions so that ecological networks can remain functional
Déry, Ann-Sophie. „Conservation de l'environnement et déplacements de populations : le cas des Tzeltals et la Réserve de biosphère Montes Azules, Chiapas (Mexique)“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25354.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenoit, Maude. „Reconfiguration de l’État et renouvellement de l’action publique agricole : L’évolution des politiques agroenvironnementales au Québec et en France“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD048/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the 1990s, environmental issues in agriculture have increasingly become a public policy problem in industrialized countries, notwithstanding the fact that they are integrated very differently in their respective agricultural policies. Based on this observation, this research seeks to explain the various national institutionalization and evolution paths of the so-called agri-environmental policy through a comparative analysis between Quebec and France. The analytical framework considers both the structures and the policy actors in the agri-environmental policy construction by studying specifically two variables: the configuration of agricultural policies and the role of public administrations. This qualitative research investigates a long time frame (1990-2013) and combines three data collection methods: content analysis, discourse analysis and semi-structured interviews. This thesis shows that traditional agricultural policy key players (agricultural administrations and agricultural professional organizations) act as filters of reformist ideas present globally and that they “acclimate” both the sustainable development paradigm and the new public management paradigm to the specificities of their countries and of their public policy sector
Godard, Jean-Yves. „RECHERCHE EMPIRIQUE SUR LES DÉTERMINANTS DU CONSENTEMENT À PAYER POUR UNE AMÉLIORATION DE LA QUALITÉ DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT - cas d'application à la qualité des eaux de baignade du littoral aquitain“. Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePurcel, Alexandra-Anca. „Economic Development and Environmental Quality Nexus in Developing and Transition Economies“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis tackles one of the most debatable and in vogue topics in economics, namely the economic development and environmental quality nexus. Notably, it studies the economic development's effects—in terms of its economic, social, and political dimensions—on the environmental quality for developing and transition economies. Chapter I, which is divided into three key phases, namely theoretical review, empirical exercise, and empirical review, contributes to the literature by giving various insights regarding the link between economic growth and environmental pollution in developing and transition economies. Overall, it reveals that the recent empirical studies, indeed, succeeding to curtail some of the deficiencies suggested by theoretical contributions, might indicate a certain consensus regarding pollution-growth nexus and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis validity. Chapter II examines the pollution-growth nexus in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, adding to the related empirical literature using the extended EKC hypothesis as a theoretical background. On the one hand, it unveils an increasing nonlinear link between GDP and CO2 at the aggregate level, which is powerfully robust to different estimators and control variables. On the other hand, the country-level analysis reveals that the relationship between GDP and CO2 is characterized by much diversity among CEE countries. Thus, despite an aggregated upward trend, some CEE countries managed to secure both higher GDP and lower CO2 emissions. From a policy perspective, EU policymakers could pay more attention to these countries and amend the current unique environmental policy to account for country-heterogeneities to support economic growth without damaging the environment. Chapter III investigates the aggregated and sector-specific CO2 emissions' responsiveness following exogenous shocks to growth and urbanization, considering a transmission scheme that incorporates two of the widely used instruments in mitigating environmental degradation—renewables and energy efficiency. First, robust to several alternative specifications, the results indicate that output, urbanization, and energy intensity increase the aggregated CO2 emissions, while renewable energy exhibits an opposite effect. Moreover, regarding the CO2 responsiveness in the aftermath of output and urbanization shocks, the pattern may suggest that these countries are likely to attain the threshold that would trigger a decline in CO2 emissions. However, the findings are sensitive to both countries' economic development and Kyoto Protocol ratification/ascension status. Second, the sector-specific analysis unveils that the transportation, buildings, and non-combustion sector exhibits a higher propensity to increase the future CO2 levels. Generally, this chapter may provide useful insights concerning environmental sustainability prospects in developing states. Chapter IV explores the effects of political stability on environmental degradation, giving a renewed perspective on this topic in developing states. It shows that a nonlinear, bell-shaped pattern characterizes the relationship between variables at the aggregate level. Moreover, while this result is robust to a broad set of alternative specifications, significant heterogeneities are found regarding countries' distinct characteristics and alternative pollution measures. Besides, the country-specific estimates unveil contrasting patterns regarding the relationship between CO2 and political stability. Broadly speaking, the findings suggest that both the formal and informal sides of political stability play a vital role in mitigating CO2 pollution in developing countries, and may provide meaningful insights for policymakers. (...)
Daniau, Côme. „Surveillance épidémiologique fondée sur des indicateurs de santé déclarée : pertinence et faisabilité d’un dispositif à l’échelle locale en santé environnement“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0923/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents an innovative epidemiological surveillance system in environmental health based on self-reported health indicators, closer to the complaints of the local population leaving around a source of environmental pollution: symptoms and loss of the quality of life. This approach is built up from a conceptual framework based on the psychometric theory and the transactional model of stress. A field application of this approach was carried out the population neighboring (n=1 495) the chemical industrial area of Salindres, Gard. This study verifies that self-reported health indicators measured with MOS SF-36 and SCL-90-R can be used to study populations exposed to multifactorial environmental risks. This study confirms that these indicators are relevant and sensitive when applied to environmental risk factors referring to the cognitive representations of risks, such as the sensorial perception of stimuli emitted by the industries. This work shows, besides, that the availability of national references for these indicators confers interpretability to these indicators, an essential quality criterion. This work discusses qualitatively the acceptability of measuring indicators of self-reported health in the population, proposes recommendations on communication for the setting of that kind of approach, and opens up avenues on management orientations
Menif, Masmoudi Imen. „Le confort du personnel soignant : étude comparative dans deux hôpitaux tunisiens“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComfort has become a major issue in the world of work. Among the various disciplines that have been interested in this concept, we have chosen to articulate two disciplines, notably architecture and environmental psychology. As such, this research relies on the work of Vischer (2004) and Rioux (2013) in environmental psychology and those of the « HQE Approach » in architecture in order to define comfort in terms of two dimensions: physical and psycho-environmental (evaluative and psychological). The physical dimension will be identified through the « HQE Approach » while the psycho-environmental dimension will be detected via the environmental satisfaction in the workplace (evaluative comfort) and via the attachment to the workplace (psychological comfort).Our research is meant to compare the psycho-environmental comfort of professional care providers in two different Tunisian hospital structures and whose difference lies in the architecture (pavilion and monobloc). The research attempts to detect the impact of psycho-organisational variables (professional burn out, perceived occupational stress and coping strategies) on the psychological comfort of professional care providers in these two different hospitals. Therefore, a questionnaire survey covering 297 professional care providers working in the two hospitals has been relied upon as a research tool. The findings of the analysis tend to indicate that monobloc professional care providers are more attached to their workplace but they are less satisfied with their working environment than those working in the pavilion hospital. They are more exhausted and more stressed and they rather use the coping strategies which is centred on emotions. The impact of psycho-organisational variables on the psychological comfort of professional care providers depends on the type of hospital
Deloné, Brunise. „Alternatives agro-écologiques à l’usage d’intrants chimiques dans les bananeraies plantains : Le cas de deux régions de la Caraïbe : Guadeloupe et Haïti“. Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0758/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlantain (Musa paradisiaca) is the staple food of millions of people worldwide and its cropping generates ongoing revenues for many farmers who are planting small or medium size areas. As in other tropical regions, plantain cultivation in Guadeloupe and Haiti is under heavy parasitic constraints terrestrial (plant-parasitic nematodes and banana weevil) as well as aerial (black Sigatoka in particular). Conventional means of control based on the use of synthetic products which adverse effects on the environment (soil, water, animals ...) as on human health are not bearable any more. It is thus urgent to think about agroecological solutions allowing to restore the biological balances, to maintain good soil quality and optimal plantain cropping systems.This is the ultimate goal of this thesis which couples the realization of an agroecological diagnosis in peasants’ plots, and the test of agroecological alternatives in semi-controlled conditions. To do this, a typology of plantain cropping systems was carried out from an agrienvironmental survey in the two study areas. It allowed to select 23 plots in Guadeloupe and 12 in Haiti in which an agroecological diagnosis was implemented. Based on this diagnosis and the research of agroecological alternatives to the use of chemicals, a field experiment was set up in Guadeloupe, in an experimental station allowing the test of three innovative practices for plantain cultivation (alone and combined), namely : i) the introduction of a cover-crop Paspalum notatum for weed control while reducing the use of herbicides ; ii) the input of worms’ compost to control plant-parasitic nematodes specific to plantain and to fertilize it ; iii) the use of healthy “PIF” plants (plants issued from stem fragments) free from telluric pests (nematodes and weevil’s larvaes).The typology of plantains cropping systems shows: i) in Guadeloupe the previous crops are: fallow pineapple and plantain predominate with a low level of intensification (low and infrequent chemical inputs) or high (high and frequent chemical inputs); ii) in Haiti, the previous crops are: fallow, plantain and cassava predominate with a low level or no intensification at all (no inputs). The results of the agroecological analysis show that : i) when the level of intensification is low, perennial plantain and pineapple as previous crops help maintaining a good soil quality and a good regulation of the telluric pests ; ii) when the level of intensification is strong, the soil engineers drastically reduce, while the density of telluric parasites increases without affecting good levels of instantaneous yields (plots where the previous crop is pineapple or mostly fallow) ; iii) when the fertilization is totally missing, it decreases the biological activity of the soil furthermore the plantain yields, exacerbated by the choice of the previous crop (cassava or plantain), in connection with soils and climate constraints and the black Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis, especially in the Haitian plots ; iv) the crop succession plantain/plantain is the most critical regarding the plantain’s cropping, because whatever the level of intensification, the yields remain relatively low in connection with a degradation of the health state, compared to other previous crops.The driving of an experiment in a research station shows that on the scale of one year, the three tested innovative practices allow maintaining a good soils quality. Healthy plants "PIF" have a better health state (absence of plant parasitic nematodes in the roots) which helps a significant increase of the yields. Cover-crop P. notatum helps the weeds and the soil pests control and favors the improvement of soil biological activity and plantain yields. Worms’ compost contributes to the maintenance of a better soils quality while allowing the regulation of the populations of plant-parasitic nematodes of the plantains
Bousquet, Aurélie. „Cartographie et participation : vers une pluralisation des sources de connaissance : application à la Trame Verte et Bleue dans le bocage bressuirais“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the wake of 2007’s “Environment conference of Grenelle”,French authorities decided to instate the Green and Blue Ecological Framework (Trame Verte et Bleue - TVB). This new type of environmental policy is design like a network and aims at reducing “biodiversity erosion” (law nr 2009-967, aug 2009). Deploying such frameworks on the national French territory requir to identify ecological continuities within urban planning documents. Integrating such new operational concepts inside urbanism documents triggers plenty of interrogations. Specifically, it calls into question the unlikely couple cartography and participation. While these terms may seem incompatible on a first sight, we argue that the two practices can be articulated, following a set methodology. By being rooted in a participative approach, our methodological proposal allows to pluralize knowledge sources. It is characterized by a scientific posture that is qualitative, exploratory and inductive. The methodological setting is based on the grounded theory. Through implementing our methodology, workshop participants were progressively led to produce and work on the basis of photograph and maps, both decontextualized and regular. Changing media implied a shift from a “tangential” point of view to a “zenithal” perspective. We understood a qualitative difference between “group work” on the one hand and “collective work” on the other hand. In order to facilitate the shift from individual- to collective–grade work, we allowed the participants to conceive and test their argumentative narrative prior to entering the public arena. Our field of study was the region “Poitou-Charentes”, where we observed the deployment of the Regional Ecological Coherence Framework (SRCE in French - Schéma Régional de Cohérence Écologique). Our observations led us to conceive an innovative and participative approach merging plurality of knowledge sources, to identify the ecological continuities in the Bressuire hedgerow. Hinging on participative conception, the various workshops organized resulted in producing a series of maps that expand the scope of spatial representations of ecological continuities, instead of producing a single synthetic map
Maillé, Marie-Ève. „Information, trust, and social cohesion in an environmental conflict related to a wind farm project in Québec (Canada)“. Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5178/1/D2402.pdf.
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