Thematische Bibliographien / Energy arbitrage

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Energy arbitrage“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 24. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 18. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Energy arbitrage"

Overturf, Michael C., und Brian Flynn. „Energy Sufficiency Arbitrage“. Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 27, Nr. 4 (September 2012): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21563306.2012.10554222.

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Flamm, Benjamin, Annika Eichler, Roy S. Smith und John Lygeros. „Price arbitrage using variable-efficiency energy storage“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1343 (November 2019): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012060.

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Brivio, Claudio, Stefano Mandelli und Marco Merlo. „Battery energy storage system for primary control reserve and energy arbitrage“. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 6 (Juni 2016): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2016.03.004.

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Bassett, Kyle, Rupp Carriveau und David S. K. Ting. „Energy arbitrage and market opportunities for energy storage facilities in Ontario“. Journal of Energy Storage 20 (Dezember 2018): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.10.015.

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Hashmi, Md Umar, Deepjyoti Deka, Ana Busic, Lucas Pereira und Scott Backhaus. „Arbitrage With Power Factor Correction Using Energy Storage“. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 35, Nr. 4 (Juli 2020): 2693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2020.2969978.

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Nakajima, Tadahiro. „Expectations for Statistical Arbitrage in Energy Futures Markets“. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, Nr. 1 (15.01.2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12010014.

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Energy futures have become important as alternative investment assets to minimize the volatility of portfolio return, owing to their low links with traditional financial markets. In order to make energy futures markets grow further, it is necessary to expand expectations of returns from trading in energy futures markets. Therefore, this study examines whether profits can be earned by statistical arbitrage between wholesale electricity futures and natural gas futures listed on the New York Mercantile Exchange. On the assumption that power prices and natural gas prices have a cointegration relationship, as tested and supported by previous studies, the short-term deviation from the long-term equilibrium is regarded as an arbitrage opportunity. The results of the spark-spread trading simulations using historical data from 2 January 2014 to 29 December 2017 show about 30% yield at maximum. This study shows the possibility of generating earnings in energy futures market.

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Ponnaganti, Pavani, Birgitte Bak-Jensen, Brian Vejrum Wæhrens und Jesper Asmussen. „Assessment of Energy Arbitrage Using Energy Storage Systems: A Wind Park’s Perspective“. Energies 14, Nr. 16 (04.08.2021): 4718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164718.

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With the growing application of green energy, the importance of effectively handling the volatile nature of these energy sources is also growing in order to ensure economic and operational viability. Accordingly, the main contribution of this work is to evaluate the revenue potential for wind parks with integrated storage systems in the day-ahead electricity markets using genetic algorithm. It is achieved by the concept of flexible charging–discharging of the Energy Storage System (ESS), taking advantage of the widespread electricity prices that are predicted using a feedforward-neural-network-based forecasting algorithm. In addition, the reactive power restrictions posed by grid code that are to be followed by the wind park are also considered as one of the constraints. Moreover, the profit obtained with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is compared with that of a Thermal Energy Storage System (TESS). The proposed method gave more profitable results when utilizing BESS for energy arbitrage in day-ahead electricity markets than with TESS. Moreover, the availability of ESS at wind park has reduced the wind power curtailment.

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Salles, Mauricio, Junling Huang, Michael Aziz und William Hogan. „Potential Arbitrage Revenue of Energy Storage Systems in PJM“. Energies 10, Nr. 8 (27.07.2017): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10081100.

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Peñaranda, Andrés F., David Romero-Quete und Camilo A. Cortés. „Grid-Scale Battery Energy Storage for Arbitrage Purposes: A Colombian Case“. Batteries 7, Nr. 3 (03.09.2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030059.

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This study seeks to determine a suitable arbitrage strategy that allows a battery energy storage system (BESS) owner to obtain the maximum economic benefits when participating in the Colombian electricity market. A comparison of different arbitration strategies from the literature, such as seasonal, statistical, and neural networks-based models, is performed. To determine BESS’s optimal operation, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization problem is formulated, including a battery degradation model based on an upper piecewise linear approximation method. A financial evaluation of the different arbitrage strategies is carried out, resulting, for all the analyzed cases, in a negative net present value (NPV); thus, the results show that the income obtained from BESS when only performing energy arbitrage in the Colombian market do not compensate the investment costs. Results have also shown that strategies based on statistical and prediction models have a better performance than seasonal strategies, especially in atypical circumstances such as COVID-19.

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Gundogdu, Burcu, Daniel Gladwin und David Stone. „Battery energy management strategies for UK firm frequency response services and energy arbitrage“. Journal of Engineering 2019, Nr. 17 (01.06.2019): 4152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8226.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Energy arbitrage"

Nishi, Hirofumi. „Market Efficiency, Arbitrage and the NYMEX Crude Oil Futures Market“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862846/.

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Since Engle and Granger formulated the concept of cointegration in 1987, the literature has extensively examined the unbiasedness of the commodity futures prices using the cointegration-based technique. Despite intense attention, many of the previous studies suffer from the contradicting empirical results. That is, the cointegration test and the stationarity test on the differential contradict each other. In marked contrast, my dissertation develops the no-arbitrage cost-of-carry model in the NYMEX light sweet crude oil futures market and tests stationarity of the spot-futures differential. It is demonstrated that the primary cause of the "cointegration paradox" is the model misspecifications resulting in omitted variable bias.

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Bangaru, S. R. V. Babu. „Time series modeling of spot energy prices for strategic fuel management and gas/electricity arbitrage“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10427.

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Abrams, Philip. „Simulering och känslighetsanalys av ett pumpkraft-dagvattendammsystem : En utvärdering av potential för småskalig energilagring av solelsöverskott eller arbitrage“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42111.

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The global move to more sustainable and renewable energy sources causes increased fluctuations in theelectric market. That fact combined with the Swedish regulations on micro producers make high levels ofself-use critical and have increased the interest in energy storage of energy from intermittent sources.Cooperation with Eksta AB have provided the opportunity to evaluate an innovative energy storage conceptfor a future exploitation area of around 17,2 hectares planned residential and urban area. This bachelorthesis studies the potential of using stormwater management ponds for small-scale energy storage in theform of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES). The focus is on storage of surplus energy from a solarenergy system designed for micro production and local energy supply. However, it also evaluates thepotential of using the equivalent dimensions for energy storage which storage level only change whenbuying or selling electricity at market prices for arbitrage purposes.Potential in the form of financial benefit and increased self-use of solar energy are studied through aquantitative methodology that, in the case of storing surplus energy from a solar system, use a simulationmodel developed for this thesis that takes Eksta´s contractual electric specifications into account. Toevaluate the case of energy storage for arbitrage a simulation model is used in the form of an algorithmbaseddrive strategy named “Optimal”, which has been recreated from research in the field of energy storageand drive strategies. The level of innovation is high on account of including such as energy additions to thestorage from rain water management, energy losses from dispersion of stored stormwater to surroundingground layers, it´s novel focus on a stormwater pond for energy storage, the rarely studied combination ofPHES and small scale solar systems and finally that the dimensions of the pump and turbine that is neededin PHES is based on PaT (pump as turbine) technology, allowing the reverse drive of a centrifugal pumpto operate as a turbine.Sensitivity analysis is included to increase the understanding of PHES-stormwater systems in the case of Eksta and as a concept for energy storage. The work also includes a brief examination of relevant regulationsin order to supply a wider perspective.The result shows that the implementation of a PHES-stormwater system during the years 2018 and 2019increased the self-use of generated solar energy by 28,59 % and provide the joint financial benefit of 5989SEK. The simulation model of energy storage for arbitrage during the years 2018 and 2019 resulted in thecombined financial benefit of 699 SEK when “Optimal” operation strategy is used and 678 SEK with apractically applicable operation strategy.The main conclusion is that PHES-stormwater systems as an energy storage for small-scale solar surplushas high potential to increase the self-use of solar energy but relatively low potential to increase the financialbenefits of small-scale solar systems. From the sensitivity analysis it can be concluded that the simulatedPHES-stormwater system is sensitive to small and medium ranged changes in storage capacity, efficiency,rate of dispersion, set electrical buying price and selectivity of which hours to empty the storage. This whilebeing generally insensitive to small and medium ranged variations in installed peak effect of the solar system,filling/emptying time and the relative size of the turbine compared to the pump.The conclusion from the simulation of arbitrage application is that the potential for financial benefit inthese circumstances is extremely low. The sensitivity analysis lead to the conclusion that the system issensitive to small and medium ranged variations in storage capacity, efficiency, filling/emptying time andmarginal operation costs.Besides the limited financial benefit, other potential hindrances may be the legality of connecting the systemelectrically, lack of financial benefits given to larger but still small-scale solar systems and the eventuality ofdisrupting the main function of the stormwater pond, which is purifying stormwater.

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Nydahl, Helena, und Annica Marmolin. „Smarta elnät med fokus på energilager; en lösning till hållbar tryckluftsförsörjning inom industrin : Simulering och optimering av energilager för utjämning av intermittenta energikällor“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37060.

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Världens energibehov förväntas ökar samtidigt som miljökraven blir allt hårdare. För att komma till rätta med klimatförändringarna och utsläppen av växthusgaser måste användningen av fossila bränslen minska samtidigt som energieffektiviseringar och förnybara energikällor måste öka. En större andel intermittenta förnybara energikällor på elmarknaden medför utmaningar. Finns det inget elbehov då det exempelvis blåser eller när solen skiner går den producerade elen förlorad, detta leder till att produktion och konsumtion av elektricitet måste ske samtidigt. För att förnybar energi ska kunna expandera men också effektiviseras måste samhället utveckla smarta elnät. Det finns olika uppfattningar vad som krävs för att skapa smarta elnät men elektrisk energilagersystem återkommer ofta i litteraturen. Det finns forskare som anser att satsning på intermittenta förnybara energikällor inte är ett alternativ om inte energin går att lagra. Compressed air energy storage är ett energilager som använder komprimerad luft för att lagra energin tills det finns ett behov. Industrin i Sverige står för drygt en tredjedel av den totala energianvändningen. Över 90 % av tillverkningsindustrin använder tryckluft. Det finns stora och små förbrukare av tryckluft beroende på användningsområde. I denna studie kommer en internationell nulägesbeskrivning ges i utvecklingen av smarta elnät med fokus på elektriska energilagersystem. Syftet är att studien ska vara ett diskussionsunderlag, en informationsbärare och idéskapare. Den internationella nulägesbeskrivningen baseras på studiebesök, litteratursammanställning samt intervjuer. Resultatet från den internationella nulägesbeskrivningen visar att intresset för elektriska energilagersystem ökar då det är en central del i utvecklingen av smarta elnät. Mellan 2011-2013 ökade investeringarna i elektriska energilager med 521 %. En anledning till denna ökning är den internationella trenden med microgrids och mindre decentraliserade kraftverk. Med ökad efterfrågan på energilagringssystem kommer nya energilagringssystem skapas och befintliga system utvecklas. Syftet med studien är även att undersöka om energilager är en lösning till hållbar tryckluftsförsörjning inom industrin. Målet är att dimensionera ett luftningssystem bestående av vindkraftverk och energilager, med en viss volym och maxtryck, för en stor- och liten tryckluftsförbrukare. I studien kommer även kostnadsbesparingen för den stora förbrukaren optimeras genom arbitrage. Dimensioneringen görs utifrån simuleringar i Simulink och optimering görs i MATLAB. Dimensionerat luftningssystemet för den stora tryckluftsförbrukaren består av ett vindkraftverk, ett energilager på 200 m3 med maxtryck på 10 bar. Täckningsgraden, det vill säga andelen av luftbehovet som kan täckas med vindkraft tillsammans med ett energilager, är 26 % för det dimensionerade luftningssystemet. Resultatet ger då 48 % mindre energiförbrukning, cirka 1,2 miljoner kronor i kostnadsbesparing och en miljövinning motsvarande 532 ton CO2-ekvivalenter. Kostnadsbesparing, då el köps via arbitrage, för den stora förbrukaren optimeras till maximalt 1,2 miljoner kronor. Generatorn har då en verkningsgrad på 85 % och kompressorn 90 %. Dimensionerat luftningssystemet för den mindre tryckluftsförbrukaren består av en vindsnurra, ett energilager på 20 m3 med maxtryck på 30 bar. Täckningsgraden, det vill säga andelen av luftbehovet som kan täckas med vindsnurra tillsammans med ett energilager, är 61 % för det dimensionerade luftningssystemet. Resultatet ger då 93 % mindre energiförbrukning, cirka 26 tusen kronor i kostnadsbesparing och en miljövinningen motsvarande 10,7 ton CO2-ekvivalenter. Skillnaden mellan en vindsnurra och ett vindkraftverk är att vindsnurran inte producerar el utan använder rörelseenergin direkt. Ett system bestående av energilager som drivs av energi från vinden lämpar sig bättre för ett mindre tryckluftsbehov där det går att nå upp i högre täckningsgrad. Övergången till smarta elnät är nödvändigt för att tillgodose alla aspekter av hållbar utveckling. Det är ingen del av smarta elnät som är viktigare än någon annan. En hållbar tryckluftanvändning inom industrin är en del av smarta elnät och för att göra det möjligt har energilager en avgörande roll. Nulägesbeskrivningen visar att det i dagsläget finns ett ökat intresse för EES internationellt men att det inte finns ett EES som ensamt kommer lösa integrationen av förnybar energi. Tekniken för energilagring finns idag och växer imorgon.
The world’s energy demand is expected to increase and at the same time the environmental requirements are becoming stricter. To deal with the climate change and the greenhouse gas emissions, the use of fossil fuel need to decrease, while the energy efficiency and renewable energy production must increase. A greater share of intermittent renewable energy on the electricity market entails challenges. If there is no need for electricity when the wind is blowing or when the sun is shining the electricity is lost, this leads to production and consumption of electricity must occur simultaneously. To expand the renewable energy and make it more efficient, society must develop a smart grid. There are different opinions about what it takes to create smart grids, but electrical energy storage, EES, reappears frequently in the literature. There are even scientists who believe that investment in intermittent renewable energy sources is not an option unless energy can be stored. Compressed air energy storage is a technique that uses compressed air to store energy until there is a demand. The Swedish industry accounts for over a third of total energy consumption in the country. Over 90 % of the all manufacturing industry uses compressed air. There are big and small users of compressed air depending on the industry. In this study, an international status description is given in the development of smart grids with a focus on electrical energy storage systems. The aim of this study is to be an information carrier that creates discussion and new ideas. The international status description is based on field visits, literature surveys and interviews. The results from the international status description shows that interest in electric energy storage systems is increasing since it is a central part in the development of smart grids. Between 2011 and 2013 the investments increased in electrical energy storage with 521 %. One reason for this increase is the international trend of micro grids and small decentralized power plants. With the increased demand for energy storage, new energy storage systems are created and existing systems evolve. The purpose of the study is also to examine if energy storage is a solution for a sustainable supply of compressed air in the industry. The goal is to design a compressed air system consisting of wind turbines and energy storage with a certain volume and maximum pressure, for a large and a small compressed air consumer. The study will also determine the cost saving for the big users is an optimized through arbitrage. The design is based on simulations in Simulink and the optimization is done in MATLAB. The selected compressed air system for the large consumer is based on one wind turbine, energy storage of 200 m3 with a maximum pressure of 10 bar. The coverage ratio, i.e. the proportion of the air need that is covered by wind energy with energy storage, is 26 %. An investment in this system would give reduced energy consumption by 48 % leading to a cost reduction of about 1.2 million SEK and a reduced environmental impact equivalent to 532 tons of CO2-equivalents. The generator then has an efficiency of 85 %, and the compressor has 90 %. The selected compressed air system for the smaller consumer achieves a coverage rate of 61 % with the following dimensions; one windmill, energy storage of 20 m3 and maximum pressure of 30 bar. An investment in this system would give a reduced energy consumption by 93 %, leading to a cost reduction of about 26 000 SEK and a reduced environmental impact equivalent to 10.7 ton of CO2 equivalents. The difference between a windmill and a wind turbine is that the windmill does not produce electricity instead it uses kinetic energy directly. A system consisting of energy storage driven by energy from the wind is more suited for smaller air requirements where it is possible to achieve greater coverage. The transition to smart grids is necessary to be able to meet all aspects of sustainable development. There is no part of smart grids that is more important. Sustainable use of compressed air in industry is a part of smart grids and to make it possible energy storage is crucial. The international status description shows that there is a growing international interest in EES but there isn’t one EES alone that will solve the integration of renewable energy. The techniques for energy storage are existing today and are growing tomorrow.

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Odin, Håkan. „Svänghjul som lastutjämning“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39271.

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Denna rapport visar på problemen i det svenska elnätet som uppstår på grund av de intermittenta energikällorna som ökar i antal vilket medför en stor variation i tillskott av energi till elnätet. Detta har gjort att el- och nätbolagen står inför stora utmaningar med möjlig kapacitetsbrist i vissa områden i framtiden samt risken för effektbrist i nätet vid vissa tidpunkter. Det har i sin tur lett till att elpriser varierar mer över dygnet och kostnaden för elleveranser ökar. En möjlig lösning på detta problem är energilagring hos elnätbolagens kunder där svänghjulstekniken är en av flera möjligheter med miljömässiga fördelar i förhållande till andra tekniker. I Jämtkrafts elnät är dock denna möjlighet inte kostnadseffektiv i dagsläget då effektpriset är lågt och elpriset inte varierar nog kraftigt, samtidigt som svänghjulstekniken för långtidslagring av energi är ny och under utveckling. Vid denna typ av energilagring är det viktigt att energibehovet stämmer överens med priset på elmarknaden för att nyttja maximal möjlighet till arbitrage och samtidigt minska effekttoppar i största möjliga mån. Studien visar på svårigheten att få energilagringen lönsam på grund av förluster i lagringen samtidigt som andra lösningar på effektutjämning kan vara mer lönsamma i vissa fall.

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Börger, Reik H. „Energy-related commodity futures - statistics, models and derivatives“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-60248.

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Abran, Eszter, Elin Andersson und Rova Therese Nilsson. „Battery Storage for Grid Application : A case study of implementing a Lithium-ion storage system for power peak shaving and energy arbitrage“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443558.

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Large scale Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (BESS) for stationary power grid application is a developing field among energy storage technologies. Predictions indicate an increased use of the technology which offers a solution to the challenges that the increasing share of intermittent energy sources causes on the power grid. The non-plannability of intermittent power production requires solutions to maintain a stable and reliable power grid. Further commercialization of BESSes is also seen as use increases for electric vehicles and other mobile use. A distribution grid owner, referred to as the Company, has a power subscription for power that is fed from the regional grid, where additional power peak fees are added when exceeding the subscription limit. This study investigates whether a Lithium-ion BESS can be financially beneficial for the Company by examining two power grid services. The first one is power peak shaving, and the second one is energy arbitrage. Energy arbitrage signifies that the BESS is charged during low electricity prices and discharged during high prices, thus generating profit. This is accomplished by simulating a Lithium-ion BESS in MATLAB (2019) where the studied services are combined. The results show that a Lithium-ion BESS can be used for the purpose of peak shaving and energy arbitrage, although an investment is not profitable for the Company with the current market situation. The sensitivity analysis does however indicate profitability if the current power peak fees and spot prices remain unchanged while the BESS investment cost is reduced by 50%. This decrease in BESS cost is predicted possible within the next decade as BESS demand is expected to increase. The study implies that the main factor effecting the solution to be profitable is the high investment cost.

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Salevid, Karin. „Market Requirements for Pumped Storage Profitability : Expected Costs and Modelled Price Arbitrage Revenues, Including a Case Study of Juktan“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210136.

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The rapid integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) has caused a growing demand for power system flexibility on energy markets all over Europe. Being the only commercially proven large scale energy storage technology, pumped storage hydro power (PSHP) has by several studies been suggested as an efficient solution to mitigate the impact of IRES. However, despite the perceived technical demand profitability remains as a major obstacle for PSHP development. In this study, a market requirement for PSHP profitability, defined in terms of price volatility, is presented. Considering capital and operational expenditures as well as modelled potential price arbitrage revenues for a greenfield PSHP plant, it may be used as a tool for initial assessments of PSHP profitability in relation to market outlooks or modelled future prices. The results have further been used in a case study, where the price volatility required to motivate a restoration of the now decommissioned Swedish PSHP plant Juktan has been determined. The results show that the high capital expenditures characterising PSHP development do comprise in a high risk for developers; while feasibility depends on the sustainment of a highly volatile price climate during several decades, energy markets are often extremely uncertain.

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Bränström, Amanda, und Jonna Söderberg. „Combining Smart Energy Storage with a Nordic PV Park : An explorative study of revenue-improving and cost-reducing battery services“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447012.

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With global climate change as the main driver, there is an increase towards including more variable renewable energy (VRE) sources in the electricity mix. Energy production from utilizing the photovoltaic effect, or PV power, is increasing rapidly and is visioned to cover 5 – 10 % of Sweden’s electricity demand in 2040. In addition to rooftop PV production, large- scale PV production in the form of ground-mounted PV parks is gaining ground. A higher share of VRE in the power system creates new challenges as to uphold the power system stability. For a PV park owner, achieving a preferable economic outcome is also a challenge, as the variable electricity output may not match electricity demand. Therefore, combining a PV park with an energy storage, which can store the PV production energy, is seen as a favorable solution. This way, the variability of the electricity production can be reduced and the stored energy in the battery can be used for services benefitting both the PV park owner and the power grid. This study aims to explore the economic potential of combining a PV park with an energy storage. This is achieved by simulating a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery storage combined with PV production modeled after a 3.5 MW PV park located in Fyrislund, Uppsala. Five cases with individually differing approaches are simulated, exploring how so-called service stacking can be applied with a battery. The investigated services included in the cases are 1) lowering the cost of connecting the PV park to the power grid, 2) lowering the cost of feeding in energy to the power grid, 3) increasing the revenue of selling electricity on the Nord Pool spot market, 4) increasing the revenue by performing energy arbitrage, 5) increasing the revenue by participating in the primary frequency regulating markets to help stabilize the 50 Hz grid frequency. The cases are evaluated by calculating the net present value (NPV) of the system over 10 years with an annual discount rate of 5 %. Battery capacities ranging from 0.1 MWh/0.1 MW to 8 MWh/2 MW are tested. The system configuration achieving the highest NPV occurs when all services are performed, and a 0.13 MWh/0.1 MW battery is used. This NPV is also higher than the NPV when not including a battery in the system. Conclusions include that the spot price impacts the choice of battery capacity to a high extent and that the battery investment cost motivates using a smaller-sized battery.

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Ribeiro, Diogo Albaneze Gomes. „Arbitragem no setor de energia elétrica“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6881.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Albaneze Gomes Ribeiro.pdf: 1427256 bytes, checksum: 040a344742e9958f178c327c9717832a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-17
This study aims to investigate the use of arbitration in contracts executed in the electric power sector, analyzing not only their pertinence, but, principally, their effective application in generation, distribution, transmission, and commercialization contracts of electricity. The industry, after going through a process of unbundling, that distinguished the monopolized activities likely to be provided for in the/a competition regime, underwent major innovations introduced by Law 9.648/1998 (that created the independent electricity producer and made commercialization an autonomous activity). As a result of these innovations, the contractual relationship between the actors of the sector multiplied, turning it into one of the most complex regulated markets and, consequently, propitious to the use of alternative mechanisms for conflict resolution, including arbitration. In this context, the use of mediation, conciliation, and arbitration institutes came to be expressly provided for in various industry standards, and, in some situations, mandatory use as in the commercialization of electricity. For these reasons, arbitration in the electricity sector is turning into a field that, increasingly, deserves attention from the arbitration community
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a utilização da arbitragem nos contratos firmados no setor de energia elétrica, analisando não apenas o seu cabimento, mas, principalmente, a sua efetiva aplicação nos contratos de geração, distribuição, transmissão e comercialização de energia elétrica. O setor, após passar por um processo de desintegração vertical (unbundling), que distinguiu as atividades monopolizadas das suscetíveis de serem prestadas em regime de competição, passou por importantes inovações trazidas pela Lei 9.648/1998 (que criou a figura do produtor independente de energia elétrica e a comercialização como atividade autônoma). Como resultado dessas inovações, multiplicaram-se as relações contratuais entre os agentes do setor, transformando-o em um dos mercados regulados mais complexos e, consequentemente, propícios para a utilização de mecanismos alternativos de solucionar conflitos, incluindo a arbitragem. Nesse contexto, a utilização dos institutos da mediação, conciliação e arbitragem passou a ser expressamente prevista em diversas normas do setor, sendo, em algumas situações, de uso obrigatório como ocorre no âmbito da comercialização de energia elétrica. Por esses motivos, a arbitragem no setor de energia elétrica vem se transformando em um campo que vem, cada vez mais, merecendo atenção da comunidade arbitral

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Bücher zum Thema "Energy arbitrage"

Krause, Timothy A. Pricing of Futures Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0015.

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This chapter examines the relation between futures prices relative to the spot price of the underlying asset. Basic futures pricing is characterized by the convergence of futures and spot prices during the delivery period just before contract expiration. However, “no arbitrage” arguments that dictate the fair value of futures contracts largely determine pricing relations before expiration. Although the cost of carry model in its various forms largely determines futures prices before expiration, the chapter presents alternative explanations. Related commodity futures complexes exhibit mean-reverting behavior, as seen in commodity spread markets and other interrelated commodities. Energy commodity futures prices can be somewhat accurately modeled as a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) process, although whether these models provide economically significant excess returns is uncertain.

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Kaj, Hobér. The Energy Charter Treaty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199660995.001.0001.

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The Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is unique under international law, providing a multilateral framework for energy cooperation through the operation of more open and competitive energy markets, while respecting the principles of sustainable development and sovereignty over energy resources. With 29 arbitrations currently under its provisions, a growing number of investors are resorting to the protection of the ECT. This book is an in-depth, article-by-article commentary on all aspects of the Treaty. It provides clear and comprehensive discussion of all provisions, analysing them against the background of other relevant writings such as case law and academic papers. The book considers relevant arbitral awards and also offers coverage and analysis of the history and background, as well as discussion, of its relationships with other treaties. As energy investors and the legal community become more aware of the Treaty, the number of disputes relating to it is rapidly increasing, and the book considers the growing volume of case law concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of the treaty.

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Maxi, Scherer, Hrsg. International Arbitration in the Energy Sector. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.001.0001.

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Disputes in the energy and natural resources sector are at the heart of international arbitration. With more arbitrations arising in the international energy sector than in any other sector, it is not surprising that the highest valued awards in the history of arbitration come from energy-related arbitrations. Energy disputes often involve complex and controversial issues relating to security, sovereignty, and public welfare. This book puts international energy disputes into a global context, providing broad coverage of different forms and systems of dispute resolution across both renewable and non-renewable sectors. The twenty chapters in the book enable readers to compare the approaches to, and learnings from, energy arbitrations across various legal systems and geographic regions. After outlining the international energy arbitration legal framework in Chapter 1, the book delves into a detailed analysis of the problems which regularly arise in practice. These include, among other things, commercial disputes, investor-state disputes, and public international law disputes. Alongside recent developments in the international energy sector, attention is given to climate and sustainable development disputes, which raise important questions about enforcing sustainability objectives on individuals, corporations, and states. Backed by analyses of arbitral awards, national court and international tribunal decisions, treaties, and other international legal instruments, as well as current events and news in the energy industry, the book offers a unique contribution to international energy literature and provides insightful commentary on the prevalent issues in the field.

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Mahnoush H, Arsanjani, und Reisman W Michael. Part I Conclusion of Treaties, 5 Provisional Application of Treaties in International Law: The Energy Charter Treaty Awards. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588916.003.0005.

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The tension between the often urgent need for effective legal arrangements in modern international law and the much slower internal procedures for finalization of commitment to treaties has lead to the practice of provisional application of treaties. Many treaties provide for their provisional application pending final ratification by the states parties and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties has codified authoritative practice. But two recent arbitral awards, in applying Article 45 of the Energy Charter Treaty, have created some confusion.

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Clarke, Andrew. Temperature and its measurement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0003.

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Temperature is that property of a body which determines whether it gains or loses energy in a particular environment. In classical thermodynamics temperature is defined by the relationship between energy and entropy. Temperature can be defined only for a body that is in thermodynamic and thermal equilibrium; whilst organisms do not conform to these criteria, the errors in assuming that they do are generally small. The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales are arbitrary because they require two fixed points, one to define the zero and the other to set the scale. The thermodynamic (absolute) scale of temperature has a natural zero (absolute zero) and is defined by the triple point of water. Its unit of temperature is the Kelvin. The Celsius scale is convenient for much ecological and physiological work, but where temperature is included in statistical or deterministic models, only thermodynamic temperature should be used. Past temperatures can only be reconstructed with the use of proxies, the most important of which are based on isotope fractionation.

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Emmanuel, Gaillard, und McNeill Mark. Part I Investment Treaties and the Settlement of Investment Disputes: The Framework, 2 The Energy Charter Treaty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0002.

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The landscape of investment arbitration has shifted dramatically, with Europe — and the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) — playing important roles in that transition. As the number of investment treaty arbitrations continues to mount, the ECT remains the most frequently invoked investment agreement with over 100 publicly known arbitrations filed to date. This chapter begins with some brief remarks on the genesis of the ECT. Each subsequent section focuses on a different aspect of the Treaty’s investment-related features, including the definitions of ‘Investor’ and ‘Investment’ in Article 1 of the ECT; the denial of benefits provision in Article 17(1), the Treaty’s substantive investment protections in Part III; and the dispute resolution mechanisms in Articles 26 and 27. Where useful, the chapter compares the Treaty’s text with analogous provisions in other investment agreements and addresses relevant arbitral decisions under the ECT.

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Bernardo M, Cremades. Part VII Witnesses and Perjury, 19 The Expert Witness in International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0020.

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This chapter raises the question of whether expert witnesses are necessary or indeed appropriate in international arbitration. The expert’s role in arbitration proceedings is to testify and assist the tribunal. The expert is also a witness, but, in contrast to the legal framework for experts in court proceedings, in international arbitration they do not have to be independent of the parties. The majority of experts appearing before arbitral tribunals are employees or habitual sub-contractors of one of the parties. Regardless of an arbitrator’s background, they will require the support of an expert as they increasingly come into contact with sectors such as construction, energy, telecommunications, and concessions. However, the proliferation of expert witnesses in arbitration proceedings, and above all the phenomenon of the team of experts, have become the cause of confusion and delays.

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Kendra, Magraw. Notable Developments in International Investment Arbitration Case Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780198809722.016.0003.

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The years 2015 and 2016 saw dynamic and significant developments in international investment law and arbitration. This chapter discusses some notable decisions and developments in the case law that occurred during this period. It focuses on decisions that: are novel; address topical issues; may impact subsequent case law as a result of, amongst others, the interpretation of multilateral treaties or the development of legal doctrines; were particularly high-profile or garnered significant public attention; and/or may shape the development of the investor–state arbitration regime. The chapter is divided into six parts: security for costs; disclosure of third-party funding; strategic investment structuring to benefit from investment treaty protection; the first decisions issued in the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) disputes against Spain; host states' right to regulate; and the enforcement and set-aside of arbitral awards.

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Sanders, Rebecca. Deprivations of Life and Liberty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870553.003.0004.

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Post-9/11 American counterterrorism policy has strained legal prohibitions on arbitrary deprivations of life and liberty. This chapter surveys domestic and international legal norms governing killing and detention in peace and war and traces how Americans have justified breaking these rules over time. In cultures of exception, authorities invoked wartime necessity as well as explicitly racist logics to kill, deport, intern, and violate the due process rights of people deemed dangerous. During the Cold War, the United States secretly colluded with allied regimes to disappear dissidents. In the global war on terror, policymakers sought to legally rationalize immigration roundups, watch lists, indefinite imprisonment at Guantánamo Bay and elsewhere, military commissions, and targeted killing in reference to extant norms. Lawyers exploited loopholes and gaps in the law in order to claim that unlawful enemy combatants are subject to wartime detention, trial, and lethal targeting but do not enjoy the rights of lawful combatants.

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T. Wave Phenomena. Courier Dover Publications, 2014.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Energy arbitrage"

Schoubben, Frederiek. „Environmental Regulatory Arbitrage by Business Groups in the Context of the European Union’s Emission Trading System (EU-ETS)“. In Regulations in the Energy Industry, 7–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32296-0_2.

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Cruise, James, und Stan Zachary. „The Optimal Control of Storage for Arbitrage and Buffering, with Energy Applications“. In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, 209–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99052-1_11.

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Yamaleev, Nail K., und M. H. Carpenter. „Energy Stable WENO Schemes of Arbitrary Order“. In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2010, 81–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17884-9_8.

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Calif, Rudy, François G. Schmitt und Yongxiang Huang. „The Scaling Properties of the Turbulent Wind Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Arbitrary Order Hilbert Spectral Analysis“. In Research Topics in Wind Energy, 43–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54696-9_7.

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Davis, B. R., P. A. Wawrzynek und A. R. Ingraffea. „Simulation of Arbitrary Mixed-Mode Crack Growth Using an Energy-Based Approach“. In Fracture, Fatigue, Failure, and Damage Evolution, Volume 5, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06977-7_1.

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Boztaş, Serdar. „New Lower Bounds on the Periodic Crosscorrelation of QAM Codes with Arbitrary Energy“. In Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes, 410–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46796-3_39.

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Pedretti, Giacomo. „One Step in-Memory Solution of Inverse Algebraic Problems“. In Special Topics in Information Technology, 63–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_6.

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AbstractMachine learning requires to process large amount of irregular data and extract meaningful information. Von-Neumann architecture is being challenged by such computation, in fact a physical separation between memory and processing unit limits the maximum speed in analyzing lots of data and the majority of time and energy are spent to make information travel from memory to the processor and back. In-memory computing executes operations directly within the memory without any information travelling. In particular, thanks to emerging memory technologies such as memristors, it is possible to program arbitrary real numbers directly in a single memory device in an analog fashion and at the array level, execute algebraic operation in-memory and in one step. In this chapter the latest results in accelerating inverse operation, such as the solution of linear systems, in-memory and in a single computational cycle will be presented.

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PUCACCO, GIUSEPPE. „INTEGRABILITY AT FIXED AND ARBITRARY ENERGY“. In The Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, 796–97. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777386_0069.

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„Chapter 6. Asymptotics When the Energy Is Arbitrary“. In Blow-up Theory for Elliptic PDEs in Riemannian Geometry (MN-45), 83–200. Princeton University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400826162.83.

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Matsumoto, Mitsuo. „An Approach for Estimating Geothermal Reservoir Productivity under Access Limitations Associated with Snowy and Mountainous Prospects“. In Geothermal Energy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96314.

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This chapter describes an approach to estimate reservoir productivity during the active exploration and development of a geothermal prospect. This approach allows a reservoir model to be updated by overcoming the severe time limitations associated with accessing sites for drilling and well testing under snowy and mountainous conditions. Performed in parallel with the conventional standard approach, the new approach enables us to obtain a first estimate of the reservoir productivity at an early time and to make successful project management decisions. Assuming a practical geothermal field, the procedures of the new approach are demonstrated here in detail. Finally, frequency distributions for the expected production rates and changes in the reservoir pressure at an arbitrary time are obtained during an assumed operational period.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Energy arbitrage"

Coronel, Tamatia, Enrique Buzarquis und Gerardo A. Blanco. „Analyzing energy storage system for energy arbitrage“. In 2017 IEEE URUCON. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urucon.2017.8171883.

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Mathieu, Johanna L., Maryam Kamgarpour, John Lygeros und Duncan S. Callaway. „Energy arbitrage with thermostatically controlled loads“. In 2013 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2013.6669582.

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Coronel, Tamatia, Enrique Buzarquis und Gerardo A. Blanco. „Analyzing feasibility of energy storage system for energy arbitrage“. In 2017 CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chilecon.2017.8229547.

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Chen, Aoxia, und Pankaj K. Sen. „Deployment of battery energy storage system for energy arbitrage applications“. In 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2016.7747920.

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de Souza, Jonas V., Antonio E. C. Momesso, Felipe M. dos S. Monteiro, Rodrigo B. Otto und Eduardo N. Asada. „Intelligent Management of Battery System for Energy Arbitrage“. In 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2019.8810805.

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Byrne, C., und G. Verbic. „Feasibility of residential battery storage for energy arbitrage“. In 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aupec.2013.6725471.

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Vejdan, Sadegh, und Santiago Grijalva. „The Value of Real-Time Energy Arbitrage with Energy Storage Systems“. In 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2018.8585767.

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Wang, Zhigang, Shifa Gao, Changhong Meng, Zhi Zhang, Chao Xue, Siyi Yin, Jia Zhang, Tian Mao und Bingjie Zhao. „A Fast Calculation Method Supporting Price Arbitrage for Energy Storage“. In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei250167.2020.9347280.

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Shapiro, Carl R., Chengda Ji und Dennice F. Gayme. „Real-time energy market arbitrage via aerodynamic energy storage in wind farms“. In 2020 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147730.

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Jafari, Mehdi, Kara Rodby, John Leonard Barton, Fikile Brushett und Audun Botterud. „Improved Energy Arbitrage Optimization with Detailed Flow Battery Characterization“. In 2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm40551.2019.8974070.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Energy arbitrage"

Castro Abril, Miguel. Intermittent Renewable Energy, Hydropower Dynamics and the Profitability of Storage Arbitrage. Inter-American Development Bank, Mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002360.

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Kintner-Meyer, Michael CW, Patrick J. Balducci, Whitney G. Colella, Marcelo A. Elizondo, Chunlian Jin, Tony B. Nguyen, Vilayanur V. Viswanathan und Yu Zhang. National Assessment of Energy Storage for Grid Balancing and Arbitrage: Phase 1, WECC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131386.

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