Zeitschriftenartikel: „Energy- and cost-efficient measures“

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Akbaş, Cem Emre, Osman Günay, Kasım Taşdemir und A. Enis Çetin. „Energy efficient cosine similarity measures according to a convex cost function“. Signal, Image and Video Processing 11, Nr. 2 (17.08.2016): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-016-0949-7.

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Severnyák, Krisztina. „Overhead Reduction or Energy Efficiency Measures“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (Januar 2016): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.493.

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The energy efficiency minimum requirements determined at the Decree 2006/7 by the Minister without Portfolio, has been amended in 2015, only prescribes cost optimisation levels corresponding in strictness to those by the European Union as set out in the Directive 2010/631 EU for state or EU founded renovations. With the artificial decrease in energy prices in Hungary in 2012, requirements originally considered as optimal has changed and tightening is not needed any more. By maintaining the old requirements, the energy consumption and CO2 emission of renovated and newly constructed buildings will stay below optimum levels. Ignoring actual energy prices results in an apparently low return on constructing energy efficient buildings while energy awareness is also decreasing as a result of these measures. One may wonder about the energy efficiency measures that could have been financed from the savings coming from the enforced utility cost reduction, ones that would have resulted in real energy savings, thus benefitting both the users of buildings and the implementation of Hungarian commitments with the deadline of 2020.

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Foda, Ehab, Ashraf El-Hamalawi und Jérôme Le Dréau. „Computational analysis of energy and cost efficient retrofitting measures for the French house“. Building and Environment 175 (Mai 2020): 106792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106792.

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Denkena, B., M. A. Dittrich, S. Kettelmann und L. Reuter. „Measures for Energy-Efficient Process Chains“. Procedia CIRP 98 (2021): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.105.

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Harmathy, Norbert, Danijela Urbancl, Darko Goricanec und Zoltán Magyar. „Energy efficiency and economic analysis of retrofit measures for single-family residential buildings“. Thermal Science 23, Nr. 3 Part B (2019): 2071–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170518298h.

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The research elaborates various solutions using detailed economic evaluation and energy efficiency calculation and simulation technology for formulating applicable, energy and cost-efficient retrofit solutions of single-family residential buildings located in temperate climate areas. Primarily the annual energy demand for a reference existing single-family residential building was determined. The economic analysis was performed for six formulated refurbishment scenarios in order to determine which of the scenarios will demonstrate optimal performance both in energy and cost efficiency. A feasibility study was performed for the most efficient scenario, which included an economic evaluation of low temperature radiant heating systems were three energy suppliers (oil, natural gas and electricity for air to water heat pump) were compared. According to financial analyses the optimal scenario includes the replacement of windows, installation of 15 cm expanded polystyrene thermal insulation, low temperature radiant floor heating, with a payback period of ten years.

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Maheshwari, Jyoti, Pramod Paliwal und Amit Garg. „Assessing electricity and CO2 emission savings through energy efficiency measures in shopping malls in India: a feasibility study of appliance retrofit“. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 15, Nr. 3 (19.03.2021): 697–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-06-2020-0017.

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Purpose Energy-efficient retrofitting of existing buildings is an inexpensive way of reducing energy consumption and mitigating climate change impacts. The purpose of this study is to examine electricity savings and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction potentials of energy-efficient retrofit measures for surveyed two large shopping malls in India. Design/methodology/approach A techno-economic model was developed to estimate the electricity savings achieved due to energy-efficient retrofit measures in shopping malls that were surveyed in 2017. Alternative scenarios were constructed based on capital cost and cost of conserved energy (CCE) value for retrofit measures: cheapest replacement, best available technology and best value for money. The life-cycle electricity and CO2 emission savings and payback period for end-use retrofit measures were evaluated. Findings The estimated average electricity savings were around 39–56% for various retrofit measures across all three scenarios while the average CO2 emission reductions were around 50–125 kt-CO2. Retrofits to light-emitting diode lights and air conditioners with inverter technology offered more life-cycle electricity savings. Paybacks for most lighting end-use measures were estimated to be within 1.5 years while for most space conditioning end-use measures were between 1 and 4 years. Originality/value The primary survey-based comprehensive research makes an exclusive contribution by estimating life-cycle electricity savings and CO2 emission reductions for energy-efficient retrofit measures of lighting and space cooling end-use appliances for existing shopping malls. The present research methodology can also be deployed in other types of commercial buildings and in residential buildings to estimate electricity savings from energy-efficient retrofit measures.

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Roslizar, Aiman, M. A. Alghoul, B. Bakhtyar, Nilofar Asim und K. Sopian. „Annual Energy Usage Reduction and Cost Savings of a School: End-Use Energy Analysis“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310539.

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Buildings are among the largest consumers of energy. Part of the energy is wasted due to the habits of users and equipment conditions. A solution to this problem is efficient energy usage. To this end, an energy audit can be conducted to assess the energy efficiency. This study aims to analyze the energy usage of a primary school and identify the potential energy reductions and cost savings. A preliminary audit was conducted, and several energy conservation measures were proposed. The energy conservation measures, with reference to the MS1525:2007 standard, were modelled to identify the potential energy reduction and cost savings. It was found that the school’s usage of electricity exceeded its need, incurring an excess expenditure of RM 2947.42. From the lighting system alone, it was found that there is a potential energy reduction of 5489.06 kWh, which gives a cost saving of RM 2282.52 via the improvement of lighting system design and its operating hours. Overall, it was found that there is a potential energy reduction and cost saving of 20.7% when the energy conservation measures are earnestly implemented. The previous energy intensity of the school was found to be 50.6 kWh/m2/year, but can theoretically be reduced to 40.19 kWh/mm2/year.

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Langner, Christian, Elin Svensson und Simon Harvey. „A Framework for Flexible and Cost-Efficient Retrofit Measures of Heat Exchanger Networks“. Energies 13, Nr. 6 (20.03.2020): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061472.

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Retrofitting of industrial heat recovery systems can contribute significantly to meeting energy efficiency targets for industrial plants. One issue to consider when screening retrofit design proposals is that industrial heat recovery systems must be able to handle variations, e.g., in inlet temperatures or heat capacity flow rates, in such a way that operational targets are reached. Consequently, there is a need for systematic retrofitting methodologies that are applicable to multi-period heat exchanger networks (HENs). In this study, a framework was developed to achieve flexible and cost-efficient retrofit measures of (industrial) HENs. The main idea is to split the retrofitting processes into several sub-steps. This splitting allows well-proven (single period) retrofit methodologies to be used to generate different design proposals, which are collected in a superstructure. By means of structural feasibility assessment, structurally infeasible design proposals can be discarded from further analysis, yielding a reduced superstructure. Additionally, critical point analysis is applied to identify those operating points within the uncertainty span that determine necessary overdesign of heat exchangers. In the final step, the most cost-efficient design proposal within the reduced superstructure is identified. The proposed framework was applied to a HEN retrofit case study to illustrate the proposed framework.

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Hannon, Bruce, Robert Costanza und Robert A. Herendeen. „Measures of energy cost and value in ecosystems“. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 13, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1986): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(86)90008-2.

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Bajraktari, Egzon, Violeta Nushi und Manuela Almeida. „Cost efficiency of retrofit measures for typical masonry houses in Kosovo“. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 10, Nr. 1 (Juni 2019): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2019.0013.

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A major challenge our society faces today is the energy consumption of buildings. Building stock is responsible for about 40% of energy consumption worldwide. The same applies to Kosovo, where a large number of houses are poorly weatherized and inefficient in terms of energy consumption. Most of the energy consumption in the household sector in Kosovo is dedicated to the needs for heating purposes. Furthermore, many of these houses use wood or coal for heating, releasing a lot of gases in the air and so contributing to an increased air pollution both indoors and outdoors. The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina” aims to address the issue of energy efficiency for these houses. Specifically, in this study we intend to evaluate various retrofit measures applicable in the country for typical masonry houses and identify the cost-efficient solution. This paper reports the initial results of the study and discusses related challenges.

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Song, Kwonsik, Yonghan Ahn, Joseph Ahn und Nahyun Kwon. „Development of an Energy Saving Strategy Model for Retrofitting Existing Buildings: A Korean Case Study“. Energies 12, Nr. 9 (29.04.2019): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091626.

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The building sector accounts for approximately 40% of national energy consumption, contributing to the environmental crisis of global warming. Using energy saving measures (e.g., improved thermal insulation, highly energy-efficient electrical and mechanical systems) provides opportunities to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings. Furthermore, if the life cycle cost (i.e., installation, operation and maintenance cost) of the measures is considered with their energy saving potential, it is possible to establish a cost-effective energy retrofit plan. Therefore, this research develops an energy saving strategy model considering its saving potential and life cycle cost of the measures for reducing energy consumption in existing buildings. To test the validity of the proposed model, a case study is carried out on an educational facility in South Korea, in response to its overconsumption of energy. The results demonstrate that in terms of energy saving and life cycle cost, the optimal energy retrofit plan is more cost-effective than the existing plan. Also, the break-even point for the optimal energy retrofit plan is within five years, and then revenue from energy saving continually occurs until 2052. For energy retrofit of existing buildings, using the proposed model would enable building owners to maximize energy savings while minimizing the life cycle cost.

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Dandia, Gazal, Pratheek Sudhakaran und Chaitali Basu. „EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA“. Architecture and Engineering 6, Nr. 2 (2021): 03–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-03-17.

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Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.

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Dodoo, Ambrose, Leif Gustavsson und Uniben Y. A. Tettey. „Cost-optimized energy-efficient building envelope measures for a multi-storey residential building in a cold climate“. Energy Procedia 158 (Februar 2019): 3760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.879.

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Gyawali, Surya, Sushil Bdr Bajracharya, Sudarshan Raj Tiwari und Hans Norve Skotte. „Patterns of Household Energy Consumption in Kathmandu“. Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, Nr. 1 (17.02.2020): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i1.27737.

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Much of the world's energy is currently produced and consumed in ways that could not be sustained if technology were to remain constant and if overall quantities were to increase substantially. The objective of the paper is to examine the household energy consumption of the case study area. The paper also explores significant factors affecting energy saving measures at household level. A household questionnaire survey was conducted to identify energy consumption pattern and energy efficient measures. The study stabilized that, reducing the consumption of individual household energy by using energy efficient appliances and equipment is an obvious step for energy efficiency improvement. Results of the analysis revealed that electricity is predominately used for lighting and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking, the use of energy efficient lighting appliances increasing significantly. Also there is a strong relationship of monthly energy cost with number of family, occupied space and income. Based on the aforementioned result, it is clearly concluded that, in order to optimize energy use, appropriate energy efficient appliances are to be integrated into household level.

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Zemitis, Jurgis, und Maxim Terekh. „Management of energy efficient measures by buildings’ thermorenovation“. MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824506003.

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The system of integral indexes for estimation of economic efficiency of warm isolations of dwelling and civil buildings is resulted in the article. For the management by energysavings measures during realization of investment projects in the conditions of financial limitations effectively to apply economic-mathematical methods. Application of method of the dynamic programming at the choice of effective measures on the heatcover of barriering constructions of buildings allows to get the mixed optimum strategy of the use of the limited investments.

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Adewunmi, Yewande Adetoro, Anthony Alister, Bopape Phooko und Thabethe Nokukhanya. „Energy efficiency practices in facilities management in Johannesburg“. Journal of Facilities Management 17, Nr. 4 (02.09.2019): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-11-2018-0067.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine at energy efficiency practices within the facilities management sector and barriers to adopting energy efficient strategies, it further explored the factors that promote the employment of energy efficient practices. Design/methodology/approach The data were gathered by means of an electronic survey, administered to facilities managers in Johannesburg. Findings Energy efficient lighting is the most used energy efficiency practice. It further uncovered that occupant engagement and education is considered least, amongst current energy efficiency practices. This study revealed that the biggest barrier to the implementation of energy efficient facilities management practices was the cost implications of adopting FM strategies and rated the lowest were policies and regulations of energy efficiency standards. Cost reduction was the highest rated factor that promotes energy efficiency practices. Practical implications Occupants should be educated on energy efficiency through a change of their behaviours and also exposed to the benefits of using energy conservation measures. Management buy-in should be the goal of the facilities manager for the success of energy efficient practices. Originality/value This study is an encompassing study on energy efficiency where many aspects of energy efficiency and factors that promote energy efficiency were explored.

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Li XiuFang, und Gao XuanNeng. „The Impact of Energy-saving Measures on Construction Cost“. Journal of Convergence Information Technology 8, Nr. 10 (31.05.2013): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue10.64.

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Kim, Doyoon. „Optimizing Cost Effective Energy Conservation Measures For Building Envelope“. Energy Engineering 107, Nr. 3 (März 2010): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998591009709877.

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Mulongo, Ndala Y., und Pule A. Kholopane. „Cost Assessment: Electricity Generating Sources Against Energy Efficiency Measures“. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 20, Nr. 01 (März 2018): 1850004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333218500047.

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Diaz, Fabian, Jacopo Andreas Vignati, Beatrice Marchi, Riccardo Paoli, Simone Zanoni und Francesco Romagnoli. „Effects of Energy Efficiency Measures in the Beef Cold Chain: A Life Cycle-based Study“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0025.

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Abstract Circular economy and industrial symbiosis represent a production and consumption model involving sharing, lending, reusing, and recycling existing materials and products in the most efficient way to increase sustainability and reduce or eliminate waste. Beef production has a high impact on the environment in different impact categories, especially those activities related to livestock breeding and feeding. In this study, a life cycle assessment and a life cycle cost evaluation are carried out investigating potential energy efficiency measures to promote industrial symbiosis scenarios referring to a proposed baseline scenario. Three main potential measures are evaluated: energy recovery from waste via anaerobic digestion, integration of renewable sources at warehouses, including solar PV panels, and the replacement of auxiliary equipment at the retailer. It was found that energy reconversion of food waste through anaerobic digestion and cogeneration provides the most valuable benefits to the supply chain. From the economic perspective, using a conventional life cycle cost assessment, the energy production from the use of wastes for anaerobic digestion proved to be the best potential option.

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Kelly, Geoff. „Sustainability at home: Policy measures for energy-efficient appliances“. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, Nr. 9 (Dezember 2012): 6851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.08.003.

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Gustafsson, Moa Swing, Jonn Are Myhren, Erik Dotzauer und Marcus Gustafsson. „Life Cycle Cost of Building Energy Renovation Measures, Considering Future Energy Production Scenarios“. Energies 12, Nr. 14 (16.07.2019): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142719.

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A common way of calculating the life cycle cost (LCC) of building renovation measures is to approach it from the building side, where the energy system is considered by calculating the savings in the form of less bought energy. In this study a wider perspective is introduced. The LCC for three different energy renovation measures, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and two different heat pump systems, are compared to a reference case, a building connected to the district heating system. The energy system supplying the building is assumed to be 100% renewable, where eight different future scenarios are considered. The LCC is calculated as the total cost for the renovation measures and the energy systems. All renovation measures result in a lower district heating demand, at the expense of an increased electricity demand. All renovation measures also result in an increased LCC, compared to the reference building. When aiming for a transformation towards a 100% renewable system in the future, this study shows the importance of having a system perspective, and also taking possible future production scenarios into consideration when evaluating building renovation measures that are carried out today, but will last for several years, in which the energy production system, hopefully, will change.

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Wentzel, M. „Quantifying benefits of energy efficient house design through monitoring of specified air quality and household energy activity“. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, Nr. 2 (01.05.2006): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i2a3236.

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Energy efficient building design aims to use passive design principles such as orientation, insulation, materials and surrounding area layout to minimise the need for active space heating or cooling. Implementation of the principles of energy efficient design in specifically low-cost houses delivered by government can have numerous benefits such as monetary savings, increased comfort and health indoor environments for homeowners and inhabitants. The project described here measured the indoor air quality of six energy efficient houses in two project areas as well as energy activity and potential benefits related to energy efficient house design. It was concluded that a small reduction in CO2 is achieved in an energy efficient house when compared with a conventional house. However, the reduction achieved is dependent on the type of fuel used for space heating. Overall, the energy efficient houses observed in the project were more comfortable and households spent less on space heating requirements than conventional houses. It is recommended that the principles of energy efficient design should be a minimum requirement in low-cost housing delivery.

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Li, Si Qi, und Rui Li. „Analysis of Air Conditioning Energy Saving Measures“. Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (März 2013): 2526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2526.

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This paper analyzes the significance of air conditioning energy efficient, and analysis from the three aspects of the design, construction, operation and management of the air conditioning system to achieve energy saving measures.

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Howe, Cheryl A., Patty S. Freedson, Henry A. Feldman und Stavroula K. Osganian. „Children's Simulated Recess Program: Measures of Energy Cost and Enjoyment“. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (Mai 2010): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000384976.64792.c2.

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Arumägi, Endrik, und Targo Kalamees. „Cost and Energy Reduction of a New nZEB Wooden Building“. Energies 13, Nr. 14 (10.07.2020): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143570.

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The current study demonstrates the possibilities of reducing energy use and construction costs and provides evidence that wooden nearly-zero-energy buildings (nZEB) are technically possible at affordable construction costs by using novel design processes and procurement models that enable scalable and modular production. The energy efficiency solutions were derived by increasing/decreasing the insulation value of the building envelope in successive steps. Financial calculations were based on the investment needed to achieve the nearly-zero-energy levels. Overall, many opportunities exist to decrease the cost and energy use compared to the current (pre-nZEB) practice because the net present value can change up to 150 €/m² on the same energy performance indicator (EPI) level. The EPI in the cost-even range was reached by combining a ground-source heat pump (between 115 and 128 kWh/(m2·a)) and efficient district heating (between 106 and 124 kWh/(m2·a)). As energy efficiency decreases, improving energy efficiency becomes more expensive by insulation measures. Throughout the EPI range the most cost efficient was investment in the improvement of the thermal transmittance of windows (3–13 €/(kWh/(m2·a))) while investments in other building envelope parts were less effective (4–80 €/(kWh/(m2·a))). If these were possible to install, photovoltaic (PV) panels installed to the roof would be the cheapest solution to improve the energy performance. Integrated project delivery procurement (design and construction together) and the use of prefabricated wooden structures reduced the constructing cost by half (from ~2700 €/net m2 to 1390 €/net m2) and helped to keep the budget within limits.

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Heine, Karl, Paulo Cesar Tabares-Velasco und Michael Deru. „Energy and cost assessment of packaged ice energy storage implementations using OpenStudio Measures“. Energy and Buildings 248 (Oktober 2021): 111189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111189.

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Voβ, Alfred, und Günter Schmid. „Cost-effectiveness analysis of air-pollution control measures“. Energy 16, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1991): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(91)90150-k.

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Mo, Zheng Bo, Song Tao Hu und Li Yan Gao. „The Efficiency Measures of Building Energy Conservation“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.680.

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Briefly outlines current situation of building energy consumption in China. On this basis, lists the efficiency measures of building energy conservation: including energy optimization in building design process, new technologies in building envelope, energy saving of heating system, heat pumps, large public buildings energy conservation, efficient lights and energy saving electrical appliances.

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Glumac, Brano, Marieke A. Oosterbaan, Wim F. Schaefer und Kairi Sulla. „Implementing energy saving measures“. Journal of Corporate Real Estate 17, Nr. 2 (11.05.2015): 134–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-11-2014-0026.

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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a decision support tool that would aid decision-makers to implement energy-saving measures efficiently in a corporate real estate. Design/methodology/approach – The tool consists of a system dynamic model that allows describing and quantifying the complex interaction between potential maintenance scenarios, external energy factors and case-specific conditions. In addition, to include the uncertainty of some of the input variables related to the external energy factors, Monte Carlo simulation has been applied. Findings – A case study of a city hall in The Netherlands showed the usability of the proposed tool. Over the selected period of 20 years, applying the chosen set of interventions, the simulation showed possible gains in the net present value and significant decrease of energy consumption and carbon emission. Municipal officials and consultants verified the tool for energy efficiency. Research limitations/implications – Although the tool has proved its functionality in one case study, to test its robustness, additional case studies would be preferable. Practical implications – The assessment tool can help organizations in assessing energy-efficient maintenance scenarios that include multiple technical energy efficiency interventions as a part of other maintenance activities. Originality/value – There are numerous ways to increase building’s energy efficiency, but a lack of knowledge is often hindering the enhancement of maximal benefits. A tool that would assess both financial and environmental benefits of potential technical intervention would provide useful insights into corporate’s real estate current and possible future energy performance. This would aid corporations in making better decisions regarding finances, and on the long run, it will bring an improved corporate image.

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Kamble, Prashik P., und Rahul K. Kamble. „Energy Audit of Sardar Patel College, Chandrapur, Central India“. International Journal of Environment 3, Nr. 3 (12.09.2014): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11062.

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Energy audit of Sardar Patel College was carried out in 2012-2013. Energy audit of the college revealed that annual electricity consumption was 93,984 units at a total cost of Rs 8,28,248/- (US$ 15059) with an average of Rs 8.66 (US$ 0.15) per unit. The per capita energy expenditure on a student comes out to be Rs 127.42/- (US$ 2.31) per annum, while including teaching and non-teaching faculty members it was Rs 121.80/- (US$ 2.21) per annum. To reduce the electricity consumption in the college various measures were suggested such as use of energy efficient appliances, task lighting, peak shaving and good housekeeping measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11062 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 36-49

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Sung, Po Hsun, Jyh Dong Lin, Ruei Hung Shiu, Chung Yuan Chen, Chen Yu Lin und Ming Da Lin. „Energy Saving Benefit Analysis of Green Construction Using Energy-Efficient Lighting Equipment“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (Mai 2012): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.24.

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It's an important topic that how to improve the illumination but decreasing or no increasing the electricity loads. The energy-efficient lighting equipment in the study was T5 lighting fixture combining with High-efficiency Reflector and Low-loss Diffuser Plate. The High-Efficiency Reflector could reflex the luminous energy above 97%. The illuminance could be improved largely through using the High-Efficiency Reflector without additional power. The High-Efficient Equipment illuminated the environment with low glare by the lights through the plate. Saving electricity was 47.5% and the measured illumination was increased more than 2 times in case one. The saving electricity was 30% and the measured illumination was increased about 1.5~2 times in case two. The specific benefits using energy-efficient lighting equipment were saving energy and enhance illumination. Cost of the investment achieved balance about 9.5~13.3 months. The additional value was a lighting environment with uniformity and low-glare. The energy-efficient lighting equipment could be an option of green construction.

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Gray, Chrispin Alfred, Leith Campbell, Robert Ayre und Kerry Hinton. „Energy-Efficient Network Protocols for Domestic IoT Application Design“. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 7, Nr. 2 (30.06.2019): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v7n2.184.

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In the future Internet of Things, many common household devices will have communications interfaces added. The gathering of data from these household IoT-enabled devices will incur an energy cost and, in this paper, we investigate the impact of different communications technologies and protocols on that cost. As a first step towards energy-efficient design, we have measured the power consumption of several popular wireless interfaces – Bluetooth (Classic and Low Energy), ZigBee, Wi-Fi and 433 MHz module (RF433). We then combine these measurements through the example of a simple domestic stock control application and we show how an energy-efficient communications paradigm can be designed in each case. In general, both the communications paradigm and the amount of traffic need to be considered for an energy-efficient design. This is a contribution to design guidelines for energy-efficient communication in the Internet of Things as it expands to encompass all consumer devices.

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Gupta, Prof S. K. „Life-Cycle Costing of Energy - Efficient Measures for Architectural Building“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, Nr. 8 (31.08.2019): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.8009.

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35

Lam, Joseph C., und Apple L. S. Chan. „Life-Cycle Costing of Energy-Efficient Measures for Commercial Buildings“. Architectural Science Review 38, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.1995.9696790.

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36

Grewal, Gurinderbir Singh, und Bharat Singh Rajpurohit. „Efficient energy management measures in steel industry for economic utilization“. Energy Reports 2 (November 2016): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2016.10.003.

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37

Böhner, Johannes, Moritz Hamacher, Arnim Reger und Rolf Steinhilper. „Derivation of Measures for Energy Efficient Machine Design by Evaluating Energy Consumption Data“. Procedia CIRP 15 (2014): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.06.062.

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38

Jiang, Tianhua, Chao Zhang, Huiqi Zhu, Jiuchun Gu und Guanlong Deng. „Energy-Efficient Scheduling for a Job Shop Using an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm“. Mathematics 6, Nr. 11 (28.10.2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math6110220.

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Under the current environmental pressure, many manufacturing enterprises are urged or forced to adopt effective energy-saving measures. However, environmental metrics, such as energy consumption and CO2 emission, are seldom considered in the traditional production scheduling problems. Recently, the energy-related scheduling problem has been paid increasingly more attention by researchers. In this paper, an energy-efficient job shop scheduling problem (EJSP) is investigated with the objective of minimizing the sum of the energy consumption cost and the completion-time cost. As the classical JSP is well known as a non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problem, an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) is presented to solve the energy-efficient scheduling problem. The improvement is performed using dispatching rules (DR), a nonlinear convergence factor (NCF), and a mutation operation (MO). The DR is used to enhance the initial solution quality and overcome the drawbacks of the random population. The NCF is adopted to balance the abilities of exploration and exploitation of the algorithm. The MO is employed to reduce the possibility of falling into local optimum to avoid the premature convergence. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, extensive simulations have been performed in the experiment section. The computational data demonstrate the promising advantages of the proposed IWOA for the energy-efficient job shop scheduling problem.

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Guolo, Erika, Lorenza Pistore und Piercarlo Romagnoni. „The role of the reference building in the evaluation of energy efficiency measures for large stocks of public buildings“. E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103017.

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With the last European Directive 2018/844/EU, EU Member States have to outline effective strategies for the energy renovation of existing buildings, so as to achieve the objectives set respectively for 2030, 2040 and 2050, taking advantage of new financing instruments. In this process, public buildings are identified as important drivers for energy-behavioural changes among citizens and, in addition, they can benefit from encouraging mortgages for certified energy efficient renovations. However, the problem of dealing with existing public buildings is their sample size combined with the current necessity of significant renovations. In this scenario, the reference building acquires a key role as the starting model for the evaluation of primary energy needs and of retrofit measures. In this work, a reference building selected by a previous work is further analyzed, testing selected potential retrofit interventions by means of model simulation. The implemented measures are then evaluated using a cost-optimal approach, in order to integrate their priority with respect to cost-effectiveness. The aim of the work is to test on a building centrotype selected retrofit measures, to be then extended to the other buildings similar for their main geometrical and thermophysical features.

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Walnum, Harald Taxt, Marius Bagle, Åse Lekang Sørensen und Selamawit Mamo Fufa. „Cost optimal investment in energy efficiency measures and energy supply system in a neighbourhood in Norway“. E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124605005.

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Building renovation is a key measure to reduce energy consumption and Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and ease the transition to a fully renewable energy system. This paper applies the IEA EBC Annex 75 methodology for investigating the cost optimal and environmental trade-off between investment in energy efficiency measures on the building envelope and energy supply, on a residential neighbourhood in Norway. Combination of different energy efficiency measures and energy supply systems are investigated with an optimal investment model. The cost and environmental impact of the combinations are evaluated. An important outcome is that within the evaluated combinations, the choice of energy supply system has little impact on the cost effectiveness of the energy efficiency measures. However, it has a significant impact on the GHG emissions. The results also highlight the importance of performing energy efficiency measures in coordination with other renovating measures, both regarding cost effectiveness and environmental impact. The results will not give a finite answer to what is the best solution but serves at a useful set of inputs for overall evaluations.

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Bass, Brett, Joshua New und William Copeland. „Potential Energy, Demand, Emissions, and Cost Savings Distributions for Buildings in a Utility’s Service Area“. Energies 14, Nr. 1 (29.12.2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010132.

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Several companies, universities, and national laboratories are developing urban-scale energy modeling that allows the creation of a digital twin of buildings for the simulation and optimization of real-world, city-sized areas. Prior to simulation-based assessment, a baseline of savings for a set of utility-defined use cases was established to clarify the initial business case for specific energy efficient building technologies. In partnership with a municipal utility, 178,337 OpenStudio and EnergyPlus models of buildings in the utility’s 1400 km2 service area were created, simulated, and assessed with measures for quantifying energy, demand, cost, and emissions reductions of each building. The method of construction and assumptions behind these models is discussed, definitions of example measures are provided, and distribution of savings across the building stock is provided under a maximum technical adoption scenario.

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Ashrafian, Touraj, A. Zerrin Yilmaz, Stefano P. Corgnati und Nazanin Moazzen. „Methodology to define cost-optimal level of architectural measures for energy efficient retrofits of existing detached residential buildings in Turkey“. Energy and Buildings 120 (Mai 2016): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.03.074.

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Kuivjõgi, Helena, Jarek Kurnitski, Aivar Uutar und Martin Thalfeldt. „NZEB and market-based renovation case study of an existing office building“. E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124605002.

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The goal of decarbonizing the building stock in the EU requires a multi-fold increase of the current renovation rates. In Estonia, the non-residential building sector has had little or no public support to improve the energy efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to study the energy efficient and cost-optimal measures for non-residential building renovation to give guidance to real estate companies and other stakeholders about the renovation alternatives. Furthermore, crucial is to provide input to the government to develop the renovation grant and incentives for renovation. In this study, energy renovation measures and savings to improve the energy performance to NZEB level were identified in a large (16 990 m2 heated area) office building. For that purpose, energy use was measured, simulation model developed and calibrated, feasible and more comprehensive energy improvements and costs analysed. The improvement of lighting, AHU, heating, installation of a 69 kW PV system, and window replacement was needed to achieve the goal with a primary energy use of 163 kWh/m2. However, some of the applied measures had long payback times of 40-70 years and are not realistic to be implemented without renovation incentives.

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Aulin, Dmytro, Artem Zinkivskyi, Oleksandr Anatskyi und Dmytro Kovalenko. „Measures for Resource Saving for Diesel Locomotives“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 4.3 (15.09.2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19726.

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This article discusses the measures for efficient use of fuel and energy resources in the railway industry. The calculation of the initial moment of starting the diesel engine and the necessary position of its crankshaft is made, on the basis of which it is proposed to modernize the locomotive start-up system with a decompressor. These measures are aimed at reducing the dynamic loads of engine components and reducing their wear and tear, as well as failure preventing. A method for the clean-up of fuel systems and the cylinder-piston diesel engine group of diesel locomotives was developed and tested using a special cleaning liquid that dissolves and removes solidified particles from pipelines and tanks. Measures have been proposed on the use of advanced models to test the modernized locomotives that will reduce the duration of the tests, resource and economic costs. The use of advanced testing model involves choosing the level of accuracy of the test results and, consequently, their duration and cost.

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Thornton, Edward W. „The External Health Cost of Reduced Ventilation Domestic Energy Conservation Measures“. Energy & Environment 5, Nr. 3 (September 1994): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500307.

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The use of reduced ventilation as a domestic energy conservation measure carries with it an increased radiation dose from radon gas. Linking the increase in radiation dose to a health detriment allows the external health cost of this form of energy conservation to be evaluated in monetary terms and compared with the external health costs of means of supplying primary energy on a common basis. The external health cost of reduced ventilation domestic energy conservation measures (draught proofing and double glazing) is estimated to be about 7 p/kWh based on an average home in the UK. This is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the external health costs of electricity fuel cycles based on PWR, solar, wind, hydro and gas and about one order of magnitude greater than those based on coal and oil.

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Florides, G. A., S. A. Tassou, S. A. Kalogirou und L. C. Wrobel. „Measures used to lower building energy consumption and their cost effectiveness“. Applied Energy 73, Nr. 3-4 (November 2002): 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(02)00119-8.

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47

Karásek, Jiří, Jan Pojar, Ladislav Kaločai und Renáta Schneiderová Heralová. „Cost optimum calculation of energy efficiency measures in the Czech Republic“. Energy Policy 123 (Dezember 2018): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.049.

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48

Greenberg, Vladimir A., und Stuart L. Harshbarger. „Least cost selection of energy conservation measures for regulated gas utilities“. Energy Economics 15, Nr. 3 (Juli 1993): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-9883(93)90002-9.

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49

Villoria-Siegert, R., P. Brodrick, K. Hallinan und R. J. Brecha. „Cost-availability curves for hierarchical implementation of residential energy-efficiency measures“. Energy Efficiency 8, Nr. 2 (15.08.2014): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-014-9291-5.

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50

Jafari, Amirhosein, und Vanessa Valentin. „SUSTAINABLE IMPACT OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT MEASURES“. Journal of Green Building 12, Nr. 3 (September 2017): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.3.69.

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Energy retrofitting is argued to be the most feasible and cost-effective method for improving existing buildings' energy efficiency. As a sustainable development, building energy retrofits require the consideration and integration of all three sustainability dimensions: environmental, economic and social. The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the sustainable impact of building energy retrofits to determine the maximum sustainable benefit when implementing different energy-related measures. The proposed analysis consists of integrating three approaches for evaluating these benefits. Economic benefits are measured by estimating the payback period of energy-related measures, environmental benefits are measured by estimating the CO2 equivalent saving per year due to the implementation of energy-related measures, and social benefits are measured by defining a “social impact index” that establishes the impact of energy-related measures on buildings' users. A case study is used to demonstrate the framework for four potential scenarios. The results show that for the case study, energy-related “controlling” and “upgrading mechanical system” measures have the highest sustainable impact among the identified energy retrofitting measures.

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