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Ochs, Magalie. „Modélisation, formalisation et mise en œuvre d'un agent rationnel dialoguant émotionnel empathique“. Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/13337923X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent research has shown that virtual agents which express empathic emotions enable to improve the human-machine interaction. Such agents should know in which circumstances which emotion may appear during the interaction. To achieve this goal, an exploratory analysis of real human-machine dialog situations which have lead users to express emotions have been done. The results have been studied in the light of the theoretical descriptions of emotions in cognitive psychology in order to identify the types of emotions that may appear during human-machine dialog and their conditions of elicitation. From this information, a formal model of emotions for a rational dialog agent has been designed. The emotions are defined by their conditions of elicitation represented by particular mental state, i. E. By combinations of beliefs, uncertainties, and intentions. The intensity of these emotions is computed from these mental attitudes. This formalisation enables a rational dialog agent to determine in which dialog situations which empathic emotion it should express. Based on the formal model, a module of emotions for JSA rational dialog agent has been implemented. An evaluation with users of an emotional empathic rational dialog agent has enabled us to highlight the positive effect of such agent on the user's perception
Benamara, Amine. „Conception d'une patiente virtuelle Alzheimer interactive et expressive : modélisation de biais d'évaluation pour la génération de comportements non-verbaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlzheimer’s patients display a wide variety of emotional and behavioral disorders (apathy, aggressiveness, depression, etc.) that evolve with the disease. When dealing with this type of patient, medical and nursing staff must be trained to manage their own non-verbal behavior. They must also be trained to understand the patient’s behavior in order to improve the quality of interactions and avoid difficult situations. Standardized patients (human actors playing the role of the patient) are among the most commonly used traditional training tools. However, they are expensive and not widely available. As for digital training materials (online courses, videos...), they lack interactivity. Virtual patients, which are interactive animated characters that simulate patient behaviors, are increasingly used to train caregivers to interact with patients. They enable a precise and dynamic control of realistic behaviors on the virtual patient, while ensuring consistency with the educational objectives of the training. In this thesis, we introduce the method used to design such an interactive and expressive virtual patient to simulate a virtual patient with Alzheimer’s disease. Our work is part of the field of affective computing. This multidisciplinary field is at the intersection of computer science and cognitive psychology. We conducted a Wizard of Oz experiment and collected a corpus of interaction data between 31 medical and nursing staff members and a controlled version of our virtual patient. These data were analyzed and integrated into the design of an automatic model aiming at controlling automatically the reactions of the virtual patient. We thus introduce the COPALZ model (COmputational model of Pathological appraisal biases for a virtual Alzheimer’s patient), which is based on the Appraisal Bias Model from cognitive psychology. Our COPALZ model generates pathological appraisals of our virtual patient in order to reproduce the emotional and behavioral disorders associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The evaluation results suggest that our model can generate pedagogically relevant situations by adjusting the severity of the disease and the mood instability of the virtual patient
Petit, Olivia. „Le plaisir et la santé dans la consommation alimentaire : activité cérébrale, motivation et simulation sensorielle“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelf-regulation is an essential resource for not succumbing to (junk) food. It requires willpower and control of emotions and sensations. However, individuals operate in an environment enhancing food pleasure where health informations are few and poorly considered, causing difficulties in self-regulation. These difficulties are found especially in overweight people and/or dieter. We hypothesized that value the taste of healthy foods could help people to self-regulate and we conducted two experiments to test it. In the first study, messages highlighting the pleasure of eating fruits and vegetables are more persuasive to subjects taking risks to health. Similarly, in the second study in decision making, focusing on the tatste of these foods increases more healthy food choices for these subjects. By using neuroimaging, we have shown brain activity distinctions between these subjects when choosing healthy food in this condition. Choosing healthy food is more impulsive for the most sensitive to reward subjects, approaching the choice of junk foods. Instead, it appears more reflective for subjects with a high BMI and choosing more junk foods, facilitating self-regulation. At the theoretical level this research highlights the positive role of emotions and sensations related to pleasure in self-regulation. At the managerial level, it suggests the importance of adapting strategies to the target audience in order to efficiently healthy food consumption
Petit, Olivia. „Le plaisir et la santé dans la consommation alimentaire : activité cérébrale, motivation et simulation sensorielle“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelf-regulation is an essential resource for not succumbing to (junk) food. It requires willpower and control of emotions and sensations. However, individuals operate in an environment enhancing food pleasure where health informations are few and poorly considered, causing difficulties in self-regulation. These difficulties are found especially in overweight people and/or dieter. We hypothesized that value the taste of healthy foods could help people to self-regulate and we conducted two experiments to test it. In the first study, messages highlighting the pleasure of eating fruits and vegetables are more persuasive to subjects taking risks to health. Similarly, in the second study in decision making, focusing on the tatste of these foods increases more healthy food choices for these subjects. By using neuroimaging, we have shown brain activity distinctions between these subjects when choosing healthy food in this condition. Choosing healthy food is more impulsive for the most sensitive to reward subjects, approaching the choice of junk foods. Instead, it appears more reflective for subjects with a high BMI and choosing more junk foods, facilitating self-regulation. At the theoretical level this research highlights the positive role of emotions and sensations related to pleasure in self-regulation. At the managerial level, it suggests the importance of adapting strategies to the target audience in order to efficiently healthy food consumption
Poncet, Philippe. „Méthodes particulaires pour la simulation des sillages tridimensionnels“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004699.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXiao, Yi-Jun. „Contribution aux méthodes arithmétiques pour la simulation accélérée“. Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleViseur, Sophie. „Simulation stochastique basée-objet de chenaux“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL036N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStoltz, Gabriel. „Quelques méthodes mathématiques pour la simulation moléculaire et multiéchelle“. Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166728.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuld, Salihi Mohamed Lemine. „Couplage de méthodes numériques en simulation directe d'écoulements incompressibles“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004901.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStoltz, Gabriel. „Quelques méthodes mathématiques pour la simulation moleculaire et multiéchelle“. Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents some contributions to the theoretical and numerical study of models used in practice in the field of molecular simulation. In particular, stochastic techniques to compute more efficiently ensemble averages in the field of computational statistical physics are presented and analyzed. An important application is the computation of free energy differences using nonequilibrium or adaptive dynamics. Some stochastic or deterministic techniques to solve approximately the Schrödinger ground state problem for high dimensional systems are also studied. Finally, some reduced models for shock and detonation waves, relying on an average stochastic dynamics reproducing in a mean sense the high dimensional deterministic hamiltonian dynamics, are proposed
Gillyboeuf, Jean-Philippe. „Diverses méthodes chimère pour la simulation numérique d'écoulements stationnaires“. Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT127H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePapadopoulos, Christos. „Méthodes de simulation stochastiques rapides et applications en fiabilité“. Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinvielle-Larrousse, Pierre. „Méthodes de simulation stochastique pour le traitement de l’information“. Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen a quantity of interest is not directly observed, it is usual to observe other quantities that are linked by physical laws. They can provide information about the quantity of interest if it is able to solve the inverse problem, often ill posed, and infer the value. Bayesian inference is a powerful tool for inversion that requires the computation of high dimensional integrals. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods, a.k.a. interacting particles methods, are a type of Monte Carlo methods that are able to sample from a sequence of probability densities of growing dimension. They are many applications, for instance in filtering, in global optimization or rare event simulation.The work has focused in particular on the extension of SMC methods in a dynamic context where the system, governed by a hidden Markov process, is also determined by static parameters that we seek to estimate. In sequential Bayesian estimation, the determination of fixed parameters causes particular difficulties: such a process is non-ergodic, the system not forgetting its initial conditions. It is shown how it is possible to overcome these difficulties in an application of tracking and identification of geometric shapes by CCD digital camera. Markov Monte Carlo Chain (MCMC) sampling steps are introduced to diversify the samples without altering the posterior distribution. For another material control application, which mixes static and dynamic parameters, we proposed an original offline approach. It consists of a Particle Marginal Metropolis-Hastings (PMMH) algorithm that integrates Rao-Blackwellized SMC, based on a bank of interacting Ensemble Kalman filters.Other information processing works has been conducted: particle filtering for atmospheric reentry vehicle tracking, 3D radar imaging by sparse regularization and image registration by mutual information
Demogeot, Thierry. „Développement de l'environnement de simulation Gaspe“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL064N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNavarro, Barragan Alberto. „Etude d'un procédé de séparation chromatographique en continu : modélisation et mise en oeuvre d'un séparateur à trois sorties fonctionnant en simulation de lit mobile“. Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT040G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLucas, Philippe. „Modélisation et simulation du régime transitoire d'unités de séparation d'un procédé chimique avec leur système de régulation : Application à la conduite d'un atelier industriel“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECAP0083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabeau, Pierre-Etienne. „Méthodes semi-analytiques et outils de simulation en dynamique probabiliste“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212439.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonithon, Gaël. „Méthodes numériques innovantes pour la simulation thermique de composants électroniques“. Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00547880.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleApraez, Camilo. „Étude comparative de méthodes de simulation de la stabilité transitoire“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1000/1/APRAEZ_Camilo.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilva, lopes Laura. „Méthodes numériques pour la simulation d'évènements rares en dynamique moléculaire“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn stochastic dynamical systems, such as those encountered in molecular dynamics, rare events naturally appear as events due to some low probability stochastic fluctuations. Examples of rare events in our everyday life includes earthquakes and major floods. In chemistry, protein folding, ligandunbinding from a protein cavity and opening or closing of channels in cell membranes are examples of rare events. Simulation of rare events has been an important field of research in biophysics over the past thirty years.The events of interest in molecular dynamics generally involve transitions between metastable states, which are regions of the phase space where the system tends to stay trapped. These transitions are rare, making the use of a naive, direct Monte Carlo method computationally impracticable. To dealwith this difficulty, sampling methods have been developed to efficiently simulate rare events. Among them are splitting methods, that consists in dividing the rare event of interest into successive nested more likely events.Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (AMS) is a splitting method in which the positions of the intermediate interfaces, used to split reactive trajectories, are adapted on the fly. The surfaces are defined suchthat the probability of transition between them is constant, which minimizes the variance of the rare event probability estimator. AMS is a robust method that requires a small quantity of user defined parameters, and is therefore easy to use.This thesis focuses on the application of the adaptive multilevel splitting method to molecular dynamics. Two kinds of systems are studied. The first one contains simple models that allowed us to improve the way AMS is used. The second one contains more realistic and challenging systems, where AMS isused to get better understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Hence, the contributions of this thesis include both methodological and numerical results.We first validate the AMS method by applying it to the paradigmatic alanine dipeptide conformational change. We then propose a new technique combining AMS and importance sampling to efficiently sample the initial conditions ensemble when using AMS to obtain the transition time. This is validatedon a simple one dimensional problem, and our results show its potential for applications in complex multidimensional systems. A new way to identify reaction mechanisms is also proposed in this thesis.It consists in performing clustering techniques over the reactive trajectories ensemble generated by the AMS method.The implementation of the AMS method for NAMD has been improved during this thesis work. In particular, this manuscript includes a tutorial on how to use AMS on NAMD. The use of the AMS method allowed us to study two complex molecular systems. The first consists in the analysis of the influence of the water model (TIP3P and TIP4P/2005) on the β -cyclodextrin and ligand unbinding process. In the second, we apply the AMS method to sample unbinding trajectories of a ligand from the N-terminal domain of the Hsp90 protein
Agouzoul, Asmaâ. „Nouvelles méthodes numériques pour la simulation de l’impression 3D métallique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelective Laser Melting offers new perspectives in terms of part design and simplification of complex assemblies. However, severe thermo-mechanical conditions arise and are responsible for local plastic deformation, residual stresses and distortion of the manufactured component. Numerical simulation is an interesting tool for process understanding the physical phenomena and their impact on the quality of the part. In this thesis, we propose different approaches to perform simulations at a lower cost, by using model reduction algorithms. The results are compared with those obtained by the finite element method. A reverse analysis in order to identify the inherent strain responsible for the measured elastic springback makes possible to build offline numerical abacus. Therefore, we use a multi-parametric reduced order model using the so called Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD) to construct this abacus. We also explore the benefits of an implementation of PGD on GPU
MAHMOUD, AHMAD. „Simulation numérique d'écoulements par des méthodes de transformation de domaines“. Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaleh, Susi. „Méthodes de simulation des erreurs transitoires à plusieurs niveaux d'abstraction“. Grenoble INPG, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009587.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe nowadays miniaturization of the electronic components increases considerably the sensitivity of the integrated circuits face to transient faults (SEU) or (SET). The analysis of the transient faults sensitivity for combinational logic and sequential circuits is an essential task today. The analytical methods based on probabilistic calculation of the generation of transient pulses SET or SEU, and of the propagation and the transformation of these transients faults into errors, published in the literature are not complete because a certain number of parameters are not taken into account. In this thesis, we propose a fast and accurate multi levels methodology to simulate transient faults. This methodology is a collection of simulation methods, a method for each level of abstraction (physical level, transistor level, and gate level). At the physical level, we use a physical simulation at the components level for any elementary logical gates which consists in the characterization of each type of transistor of a given technology face of SET by taking into account several parameter (the energy or the LET of the particle, the angle of incidence, the impact localization and the dimensions of the transistors where the particle strike occurs). After this characterization, a family of current curves is obtained for each transistor and a domain of the current amplitude values and the current pulses duration is established. The transformation of the current pulse obtained at the physical level into voltage pulses is done by electrical simulations by taking into account the output impedance of each gate. A family of transient voltage pulse curves is also established for each gate. Furthermore, a logical pulse model is defined for these pulses which will be then used in a numerical simulations, which are much faster, and which are finally used in the sensitivity analysis phase for complex circuit. The results of this analysis are used in order to realize a cartography of a complex circuit sensitivity which allow us to determine the most significant zones of a studied circuit and, if required, to decide a hardening solution of the sensitive gates
El, Haddad Rami. „Méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo de simulation des chaînes de Markov“. Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonte Carlo (MC) methods are probabilistic methods based on the use of random numbers in repeated simulations to estimate some parameter. Their deterministic versions are called Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. The idea is to replace pseudo-random points by deterministic quasi-random points (also known as low-discrepancy point sets or sequences). In this work, we propose and analyze QMC-based algorithms for the simulation of multidimensional Markov chains. The quasi-random points we use are (T,S)-sequences in base B. After recalling the principles of MC and QMC methods and their main properties, we introduce some plain financial models, to serve in the following as numerical examples to test the convergence of the proposed schemes. We focus on problems where the exact solution is known, in order to be able to compute the error and to compare the efficiency of the various schemes In a first part, we consider discrete-time Markov chains with S-dimensional state spaces. We propose an iterative QMC scheme for approximating the distribution of the chain at any time. The scheme uses a (T,S+1)-sequence in base b for the transitions. Additionally, one needs to re-order the copies of the chain according to their successive components at each time-step. We study the convergence of the scheme by making some assumptions on the transition matrix. We assess the accuracy of the QMC algorithm through financial examples. The results show that the new technique is more efficient than the traditional MC approach. Then, we propose a QMC algorithm for the simulation of Markov chains with multidimensional continuous state spaces. The method uses the same re-ordering step as in the discrete setting. We provide convergence results in the case of one dimensional chains and then in the case of multidimensional chains, by making additional assumptions. We illustrate the convergence of the algorithm through numerical experiments. The results show that the new method converges faster than the MC algorithm. In the last part, we consider the problem of the diffusion equation in a spatially nonhomogeneous medium. We use a random walk algorithm, in conjunction with a correction of the Gaussian Steplength. We write a QMC variant of the algorithm, by adapting the principles seen for the simulation of the Markov chains. We test the method in dimensions 1, 2 and 3 on a problem involving the diffusion of calcium ions in a biological medium. In all the simulations, the results of QMC computations show a strong improvement over MC outcomes. Finally, we give some perspectives and directions for future work
Dubos, Samuel. „Simulation des grandes échelles d'écoulements turbulents supersoniques“. Rouen, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerot, Thomas. „Quel est le niveau de détail pertinent pour modéliser la croissance d'une forêt mélangée ? Comparaison d'une famille de modèles et application aux peuplements mélangés chêne sessile - pin sylvestre“. Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/43/25/73/PDF/ManuscritTheseTPerotVF.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAppropriate tools and models are needed for the management of mixed forests. The aim of this thesis is to show how the construction and the comparison of models with different levels of detail can help us to choose the most appropriate level to model the growth of a mixed stand. We developed a family of models at different levels of detail from data collected in mixed stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea L. ) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. ) : a tree distance independent model (MAID), a tree distance dependent model (MADD), three stand models and an intermediate model bridging the MAID and the MADD. We ensured consistency between models using several approaches in order to make relevant comparisons. These models have given us some knowledge on the growth and dynamics of these forests, in particular on the spatial and temporal interactions between oaks and pines. Thus, we showed a compensatory growth phenomenon between the two species using the MAID. The MADD made it possible to show that, in these stands, the intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition. A stand model developed from the MADD helped us to study the influence of mixing rate on production. To assess the quality of models predictions, we used an independent data set obtained by splitting our data. For example, we have shown that the MAID was more efficient than the MADD to predict individual increments. The models were also compared on examples of applications with short or medium term simulations. The proposed approach is of interest for both understanding the studied phenomenon and developing predictive tools. The different results of this work, allowed us to assess the relevance of a type of model for different contexts of use. This very general approach could be applied to the modeling of other processes such as mortality or regeneration
Turati, Pietro. „Méthodes de simulation adaptative pour l’évaluation des risques de système complexes“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRisk assessment is conditioned on the knowledge and information available at the moment of the analysis. Modeling and simulation are ways to explore and understand system behavior, for identifying critical scenarios and avoiding surprises. A number of simulations of the model are run with different initial and operational conditions to identify scenarios leading to critical consequences and to estimate their probabilities of occurrence. For complex systems, the simulation models can be: i) high-dimensional; ii) black-box; iii) dynamic; and iv) computationally expensive to run, preventing the analyst from running the simulations for the multiple conditions that need to be considered.The present thesis presents advanced frameworks of simulation-based risk assessment. The methods developed within the frameworks are attentive to limit the computational cost required by the analysis, in order to keep them scalable to complex systems. In particular, all methods proposed share the powerful idea of automatically focusing and adaptively driving the simulations towards those conditions that are of interest for the analysis, i.e., for risk-oriented information.The advantages of the proposed methods have been shown with respect to different applications including, among others, a gas transmission subnetwork, a power network and the Advanced Lead Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED)
Turinici, Gabriel. „Analyse des méthodes numériques de simulation et contrôle en chimie quantique“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377187.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVenet, Cédric. „Méthodes numériques pour la simulation de problèmes acoustiques de grandes tailles“. Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies numerical methods for large-scale acoustic problems. The parallelization of the numerical acoustic methods is the main focus. The manuscript is composed of three parts: ray-tracing, optimized interface conditions for domain decomposition methods and asynchronous iterative algorithms
Minjeaud, Sebastian. „Raffinement local adaptatif et méthodes multiniveaux pour la simulation d'écoulements multipĥasiques“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00535892.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarquez, Bernard. „Simulation des grandes échelles d'écoulements compressibles par des méthodes éléments finis“. Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT0184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChoquin, Jean-Philippe. „Simulation numérique d'écoulements tourbillonaires de fluides incompressibles par des méthodes particulaires“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCasarin, Roberto. „Méthodes de simulation pour l'estimation bayésienne des modèles à variables latentes“. Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLatent variable models are now very common in econometrics and statistics. This thesis mainly focuses on the use of latent variables in mixture modelling, time series analysis and continuous time models. We follow a Bayesian inference framework based on simulation methods. In the third chapter we propose alfa-stable mixtures in order to account for skewness, heavy tails and multimodality in financial modelling. Chapter four proposes a Markov-Switching Stochastic-Volatility model with a heavy-tail observable process. We follow a Bayesian approach and make use of Particle Filter, in order to filter the state and estimate the parameters. Chapter five deals with the parameter estimation and the extraction of the latent structure in the volatilities of the US business cycle and stock market valuations. We propose a new regularised SMC procedure for doing Bayesian inference. In chapter six we employ a Bayesian inference procedure, based on Population Monte Carlo, to estimate the parameters in the drift and diffusion terms of a stochastic differential equation (SDE), from discretely observed data
Minjeaud, Sebastian. „Raffinement local adaptatif et méthodes multiniveaux pour la simulation d’écoulements multiphasiques“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript describes some numerical and mathematical aspects of incompressible multiphase flows simulations with a diffuse interface Cahn-Hillliard/Navier-Stokes model (interfaces have a small but a positive thickness). The space discretisation is performed thanks to a Galerkin formulation and the finite elements method. The presence of different scales in the system (interfaces have a very small thickness compared to the characteristic lengths of the domain) suggests the use of a local adaptive refinement method. The algorithm, that we introduced, allows to implicitly handle the non conformities of the generated meshes to produce conformal finite elements approximation spaces. It consists in refining basis functions instead of cells. The refinement of a basis function is made possible by the conceptual existence of a nested sequence of uniformly refined grids from which “parent-child” relationships are deduced, linking the basis functions of two consecutive refinement levels. Moreover, we show how this method can be exploited to build multigrid preconditioners. From a composite finite elements approximation space, it is indeed possible to rebuild, by “coarsening”, a sequence of auxiliairy nested spaces which allows to enter in the abstract multigrid framework. Concerning the time discretization, we begin by the study of the Cahn-Hilliard system. A semi-implicit scheme is proposed to remedy to convergence failures of the Newton method used to solve this (non linear) system. It guarantees the decrease of the discrete free energy ensuring the stability of the scheme. We show existence and convergence of discrete solutions towards the weak solution of the system. We then continue this study by providing an inconditionnaly stable time discretization of the complete Cahn-Hilliard/Navier-Stokes model. An important point is that this discretization does not strongly couple the Cahn-Hilliard and Navier-Stokes systems allowing to independently solve the two systems in each time step. We show the existence of discrete solutions and, in the case where the three fluids have the same densities, we show their convergence towards weak solutions. We study, to finish this part, different issues linked to the use of the incremental projection method. Finally, the last part presents several examples of numerical simulations, diphasic and triphasic, in two and three dimensions
Legoll, Frédéric. „Méthodes moléculaires et multi-échelles pour la simulation numérique des matériaux“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaure, Frédéric. „Nouvelles méthodes pour la simulation numérique du soudage des structures élancées“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFréret, Lucie Viviane Françoise. „Méthodes particulaires en vue de la simulation numérique pour la plasturgie“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe framework of this thesis is the simulation of injection processes of thermoplastic materials. The aim is to simulate numerically fluid flows with free boundaries where transition of phase can occur. More precisely, in this work, we have considered bidimensionnal incompressible viscous flows with Lagrangian meshless methods. The lack of consistency of discetrized partial derivatives operator for the MPS method (Moving Particle Semi-implicit) is shown. By using approximated consistent meshless techniques close to MLS approximation (Moving Least Square), we then propose an original Lagrangian meshless method which discretize incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a purely Lagrangian formulation. Concerning the semi-discretization in time, we use the classical projection method. The resultant fractionnal step method consists in three stages: a prediction step of position and velocity field, a correction step of position particles and a correction step of velocities field. Such a discretization keeps the particle repartition regular and do not need to create or destroy particles. An original numerical treatment to track or capture free surfaces and computation of surface tension force are proposed. We compare numerical results to experiments showing the capability of our method to calculate mono-fluid free surface flows. In a second part, we present a bi-fluid extension using a melt model. The Rayleigh-Taylor results are compared to these obtained by other methods. Because of the limitations of such model, we focus on a bifluid model where each fluid is calculated. This model needs first the non-constant coefficient operator div( a grad) to be discretized. We the use an integral representation ans a quadrature formulae with Gauss's points. The numerical model obtained is a previously three step method adaptation. Precise numerical results show the significance of the approach
Rosiello, Immacolata. „Méthodes de simulation, analyse de la complexité, utilisation de modèles, interdisciplinarité“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZoghaib, Maria. „Étude et simulation de méthodes de refroidissement des bandes d'acier défilantes“. Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main scope of this dissertation is to ameliorate the cooling process of the steel strips in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines. Cooling in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines is of great metallurgical interest. Insufficient cooling capacity can result in inadequate steel grades. Cooling by impinging gas jets over the steel surface is first investigated. The heat transfer rates of this process are limited on one side by the blowing device power consumption and on the other by the occurring non stationary phenomena for high impingement velocities. On one side, the blowing device configuration and blown gas properties are analyzed in order to increase the cooling rates while keeping the power consumption at its lowest. The study is undertaken throughout literature, experimental measurements, and numerical results. An optimized configuration is defined. On the other, a numerical model is developed to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that generates the detrimental oscillations of the strip. A configuration of oblique jet impingement is compared to normal impingement. It was proven to confer more stability. However, the maximum cooling rates reached by gas convection are insufficient regarding the cooling rates to obtain special steel grades. A more efficient technique based on boiling heat transfer is investigated. Due to phase change that occurs in boiling heat transfer, high heat fluxes are dissipated for small flow velocities. In order to sidestep the oxidation problems encountered with water, another liquid coolant is chosen, Pentane. For homogenous cooling patterns and savings in flow requirements, spray nozzles are used to impinge Pentane over the hot surface. An experimental bench is then set-up to characterize the cooling rates of a pentane spray for high surface temperature, i. E. Film boiling regime. The effect of the spray hydrodynamic parameters on the heat transfer process is analyzed and a correlation is developed. T he correlation predicts the evacuated heat flux from the hot surface as a function of the surface temperature and spray hydrodynamic parameters. The developed correlation is implemented in a simulation model in order to predict the cooling rate of a Pentane spray cooling section. The latter is then compared to gas jet cooling section for the same terms of reference. Aside from yielding higher cooling rates, Pentane spray cooling results in savings in power consumption
Daubas, Bruno. „Modélisation et simulation des procédés continus et discontinus“. Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT023G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMulton, Stéphane. „Évaluation expérimentale et théorique des effets mécaniques de l'alcali-réaction sur des structures modèles“. Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA large scale experimental program has been carried out at the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), with Electricité de France (EDF) as a partner, in order to validate methodologies of mechanical reassessment of real structures damaged by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) and thus answer to the needs of owners of civil engineering structures (bridges, dams, pavements). The final aim is to improve calculation tools in order to determine the evolution of ASR affected structures. Major features of this study were to point out the water driving effect and the compressive stresses consequences on swellings due to ASR. Thus, the hydro-chemo-mechanical behaviour of six instrumented laboratory structures has been monitored during a two years experimentation. Three specific devices have been designed to achieve the numerous measurements, in order to evaluate water movements in concrete and structural behaviours of the six structures : -the weighing device allows to measure the mass variations of the 900 kg beams, with a 10 g accuracy, -the gammadensitometry equipment is used to determine the relative mass variations along the height of the beams, -specific stiffness vibrating wire sensors achieve deformation measurements in the beams. Other current or improved techniques have been also used in order to complement the characterisation of the behaviour of the beams, and to quantify chemo-mechanical data related to the two concrete mixtures during two years. This laboratory experimental survey has collected numerous results to document both moisture and chemo-mechanical deformations, which builds a useful data bank in order to validate models. At last, measurements have increased knowledge useful for expert evaluation of ASR-affected structures about : -mechanical properties evolution of concrete mixture damaged by ASR, -methodology of residual expansion tests, -effects of moisture gradient in ASR-damaged structures, -consequences of late water supply on ASR progress in structures already damaged, -range and time-evolution of ASR swellings under specific stress states, due to mechanical loads, reinforcement or various environmental conditions, and, at last, the effect of this chemical reaction on the mechanical strength of damaged structures
Di, Benedetto Hervé. „Modélisation du comportement des géomatériaux : application aux enrobés bitumineux et aux bitumes“. Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDascalu, Daniel. „Méthodes probabilistes pour la modélisation de la maintenance préventive“. Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1386.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNomine, Jean-Philippe. „Etude d'outils de simulation du comportement de robots“. Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066596.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGabella-Latreille, Céline. „Le modele quinquin-fret : un modele de simulation a l'horizon 2015 des flux nationaux de transport de marchandises“. Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO22024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe quinquin fret model is an instrument helping the decision making. It allows is evaluate ex-ante the long term effects of transport policies measures expected by public authorities as to the sncf. The national ton kilometre obtained by road, transport, rail transport or inland navigation can be simulated at a long term toking into account different asseptions related to industrial growth and to modal split factors
Bourgeois, Timothée. „Effets des perturbations anthropiques sur la biogéochimie dans l'océan côtier à l'échelle globale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe coastal ocean suffers from the convergence of multiple anthropogenic stressors with climate change at the forefront. Combined stresses from global warming, ocean acidification, eutrophication and deoxygenation threaten coastal ecosystems and thus their services that humans rely on. Unfortunately, the coastal ocean's large spatiotemporal heterogeneity limits our understanding of the biogeochemical processes involved and their responses to anthropogenic perturbations. The current database of coastal observations remains insufficient, and global biogeochemical ocean models have long been inadequate to the study of the global coastal ocean. Indeed, the spatial resolution of these models has been too coarse to resolve key small-scale coastal processes. However, continual improvements in computational resources now allow global simulations to be made with sufficiently high model resolution that begins to be suitable for coastal ocean studies. In this thesis, we propose to study the evolution of the coastal ocean biogeochemistry at the global scale over recent decades using higher resolution versions of the global physical-biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES. After evaluating of the global representation of the coastal biogeochemistry in this ocean model, we estimate the current role of the coastal ocean in the ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon and we study the impact of the anthropogenically driven changes in riverine inputs on the coastal biogeochemistry. From simulations made at 3 different spatial resolutions (200 km, 50 km, 25 km), we esteem that the 50-km model grid offers the best compromise between quality of results and computational cost. The upgrade to 25 km does not appear to provide significant improvement in model skill of simulating coastal biogeochemical fields. After evaluating the model, we provide an estimate of the coastal-ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon, the first study to do so with a global 3-D model. In our simulation, the coastal zone absorbs only 4.5% of the anthropogenic carbon taken up by the global ocean during 1993-2012, less than the 7.5% proportion of coastal-to-global-ocean surface areas. Coastal uptake is weakened due to a bottleneck in offshore transport, which is inadequate to reduce the mean anthropogenic carbon concentration of coastal waters to the average level found in the open-ocean mixed layer. Finally, the anthropogenic perturbation in riverine delivery of nutrients to the ocean has limited impact on the coastal carbon cycle when integrated across all coastal regions, but locally it can induce sharp biogeochemical contrasts. For example, the North Sea shows minor biogeochemical changes following the moderate local trend in nutrient riverine inputs, which is in dramatic contrast to the East China Sea where extensive deoxygenation and acidification are driven by sharp increases in riverine nutrient inputs
Desbenoit, Brett. „Modélisation et simulation de scènes naturelles complexes“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we address the modelling realistic natural sceneries. We focus on the modelling of details and their distribution in a complex scene. Details have a great impact over the overall realism of the final scene. Our approach consists in modeling details such as mushrooms, lichens, leaves or fractures and storing them in an atlas of shapes. Those details are distributed in the scene according to specific physically and biologically based dispersion and propagation algorithms, which are controlled by the parameters of the environment such as the wetness, the temperature or the amount of direct and indirect lighting. Our approach enables us to add a vast variety of details without the burden of editing them by hand
Lecocq, Pascal. „Simulation d'éclairage temps réel par des sources lumineuses mobiles et statiques : outils pour la simulation de conduite“. Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKadi, Imène Yamina. „Simulation et monotonie“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this thesis concern the contribution of the monotony in simulation methods. Initially, we focus on the study of different monotonicity notions used in stochastic modeling, trying to define the relationships between them. Three concepts have been defined in this field: the stochastic monotonicity based on stochastic comparison, the realizable monotony and finally the events monotony used in the perfect simulation. This study allowed us to use the stochastic monotonicity properties under the monotone perfect simulation. On the other hand, we have proposed monotone invertible encodings for systems whose natural representation is not monotone. This encoding allows to accelerate monotonous simulations and found its application in the simulation of optical burst. Another work was done in the field of parallel simulation, it use monotonicity properties of simulated systems to better parallelize the simulation process. This should produce a substantial acceleration in simulations
Sanchez, Viera Talia. „Prédiction de comportements toxiques à partir des messages sur les réseaux sociaux“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66590.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this study is to explore three different techniques to predict toxicity online community users. Our main motivation is to help the moderators of these communities to focus their efforts on users who are more likely to write toxic messages, and thus avoid wasting time and resources by monitoring the entire community. First, we created a mathematical model capable of predicting the five personality traits of the OCEAN model (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) and the three traits of the Dark Triad (Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy) for auser, based on their writing style and choice of vocabulary. The experiments we performed with this model on users of the Twitter and Reddit communities have shown that there is a relationship between a user’s personality and the level of toxicity of their messages. In particular, we found that users with high values of narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy andlow values of conscientiousness and agreeableness were more likely to write toxic messages. For our second technique, we applied clustering algorithms on the predicted personality traits andon the observed language characteristics. This allowed us to show that it is possible to detect clusters of potentially risky users without having to create a profile for each user. Finally, we created a regression model to estimate the level of toxicity of users based on their linguistic attributes alone. We observed that the users predicted to have higher toxicity levels by our regression model are also those who have a very high value of Dark Triad traits according to our personality model.