Thematische Bibliographien / Emissions planning

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Emissions planning“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 24. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Emissions planning"

Jan Chocholac, Jaroslava Hyrslova, Tomas Kucera, Stanislav Machalik und Roman Hruska. „Freight Transport Emissions Calculators as a Tool of Sustainable Logistic Planning“. Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 21, Nr. 4 (01.10.2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2019.4.43-50.

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The freight transport performance is growing. The transport sector is also one of the largest producers of emissions. This must be reflected not only by production companies but also by other stakeholders. The issue of transport emissions is particularly important for city residents, so today the concept of sustainable city logistics is emphasized. Companies should deal with the amount of produced emissions. The use of emission calculators would support operational, tactical and strategic business decision-making. The aim of this article is to analyse the approaches used in available free calculators of emission arising from the freight transport. The focus was on the transport modes that calculators include, input data, output data and methodologies used to calculate emissions. The method of systematic review was used to search analysed freight transport emissions calculators. The method of content analysis was used to analyse inputs, outputs and freight transport emissions calculator’s methodologies. The method of qualitative comparative analysis was used to analyse and compare the freight transport emissions calculators.

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Lei, Sun, Zhong Fu Tan, Li Wei Ju, He Yin und Zhi Hong Chen. „Generation Resource Planning Optimization Model under Emission Constraint“. Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.868.

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As a large energy consumption and pollutants emission department, power industry energy saving and emission reduction is of great significance for the community's overall energy consumption and pollutants emission control. As the main energy saving measures of the power industry, optimize the structure of power based on grid-connected renewable energy. Therefore, this article is based on energy distribution in China, considering load, electricity, resources, environmental pollution and the unit served, target is the total system power generation installed capacity and pollutant emissions at minimum costs, to construct generation resource planning optimization model under emission constraint, install generation capacity costs, running costs and the cost of pollutant emissions will be take into account, in order to make reasonable recommendations on power resource planning in China.

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Gan, Jing, Linheng Li, Qiaojun Xiang und Bin Ran. „A Prediction Method of GHG Emissions for Urban Road Transportation Planning and Its Applications“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 24 (08.12.2020): 10251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410251.

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The increasing vehicle usage has brought about a sharp increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of vehicles, which brings severe challenges to the sustainable development of road transportation in Chinese counties. Low-carbon transportation planning is an essential strategy for carbon control from the source of carbon emissions and is crucial to the full transition to a low-carbon future. For transportation planning designers, a quick and accurate estimation of carbon emissions under different transportation planning schemes is a prerequisite to determine the optimal low-carbon transportation development plan. To address this issue, a novel prediction method of hourly GHG emissions over the urban roads network was constructed in this paper. A case study was conducted in Changxing county, and the results indicate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Furthermore, we applied the same approach to 30 other counties in China to analyze the influencing factors of emissions from urban road networks in Chinese counties. The analysis results indicate that the urban road mileage and arterial road ratio are the two most important factors affecting road network GHG emissions in road traffic planning process. Moreover, the method was employed to derive peak hour emission coefficients that can be used to quickly estimate daily or annual GHG emissions. The peak hour emission of CO2, CH4, and N2O accounts for approximately 9–10%, 8.5–10.5%, 5.5–7.5% of daily emissions, respectively. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for establishing effective carbon control strategies in the transportation planning stage to reduce road traffic GHG emissions in counties.

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Gomilšek, Rok, Lidija Čuček, Marko Homšak, Raymond R. Tan und Zdravko Kravanja. „Carbon Emissions Constrained Energy Planning for Aluminum Products“. Energies 13, Nr. 11 (01.06.2020): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112753.

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The production of primary aluminum is an energy-intensive industry which produces large amounts of direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions, especially from electricity consumption. Carbon Emissions Constrained Energy Planning proved to be an efficient tool for reducing energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on energy planning constrained by CO2 emissions and determines the required amount of CO2 emissions from electricity sources in order to meet specified CO2 emission benchmark. The study is demonstrated on and applied to specific aluminum products, aluminum slugs and aluminum evaporator panels. Three different approaches of energy planning are considered: (i) an insight-based, graphical targeting approach, (ii) an algebraic targeting approach of cascade analysis, and (iii) an optimization-based approach, using a transportation model. The results of the three approaches show that approximately 2.15 MWh of fossil energy source should be replaced with a zero-carbon or 2.22 MWh with a low-carbon energy source to satisfy the benchmark of CO2 emissions to produce 1 t of aluminum slug; however, this substitution results in higher costs. This study is the first of its kind demonstrated on and applied to specific aluminum products, and represents a step forward in the development of more sustainable practices in this field.

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Zhou, Zhi Hua, Zi Chao Tan, Guo Qiang Yang und She Ming Qiu. „The Study on Community Energy Planning and Emission Reduction in China“. Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (Januar 2012): 1442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1442.

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Climate change is becoming a highlight of the world. As the world's second largest CO2 emission country, China faces increasing pressure. Energy consumption and utilizing is the major source of CO2 emissions. Optimization of the regional energy configuration can not only reduce energy consumption, but also reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, it will achieve energy conservation and sustainable development. Based on the Eco-city constructed by China and Sino-Singapore, this paper calculates the regional energy-saving under the requirement of existing Energy Conservation Code, plans its energy saving quantity by taking some measurements and then predicts the carbon dioxide emission reductions. The result shows that using effective measures to save energy can reduce 227772t carbon dioxide emissions. Using renewable energy and energy saving measures will reduce 371414t CO2, which has a striking effect. So changing energy structure and using renew energy are main measures to reduce CO2 emission.

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Zhu, Xiaoqing, Tiancheng Zhang, Weijun Gao und Danying Mei. „Analysis on Spatial Pattern and Driving Factors of Carbon Emission in Urban–Rural Fringe Mixed-Use Communities: Cases Study in East Asia“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 8 (13.04.2020): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083101.

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Urban-intensive areas are responsible for an estimated 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. The urban–rural fringe areas emit more greenhouse gases than urban centers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern and driving factors of carbon emissions in urban–rural fringe mixed-use communities, and to develop planning methods to reduce carbon emissions in communities. This study identifies mixed-use communities in East Asian urban–rural fringe areas as industrial, commercial, tourism, and rental-apartment communities, subsequently using the emission factor method to calculate carbon emissions. The statistical information grid analysis and geographic information systems spatial analysis method are employed to analyze the spatial pattern of carbon emission and explore the relationship between established space, industrial economy, material consumption, social behavior, and carbon emission distribution characteristics by partial least squares regression, ultimately summing up the spatial pattern of carbon emission in the urban–rural fringe areas of East Asia. Results show that (1) mixed-use communities in the East Asian urban–rural fringe areas face tremendous pressure to reduce emissions. Mixed-use community carbon emissions in the late urbanization period are lower than those the early urbanization. (2) Mixed-use community carbon emission is featured by characteristics, such as planning structure decisiveness, road directionality, infrastructure directionality, and industrial linkage. (3) Industrial communities produce the highest carbon emissions, followed by rental-apartment communities, business communities, and tourism communities. (4) The driving factor that most affects the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is the material energy consumption. The fuel consumption per unit of land is the largest driver of carbon emissions. Using the obtained spatial pattern and its driving factors of carbon emissions, this study provides suggestions for planning and construction, industrial development, material consumption, and convenient life guidance.

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Ostria, Sergio J. „Assessing Emissions Contribution of Intercity Trucking“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1520, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152000105.

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The contribution of intercity trucking to air pollution in a given region is readily recognized as significant by transportation and air quality planners. Other than emissions standards for newly sold trucks, neither the air quality nor the transportation planning communities has focused on implementing control strategies that directly mitigate emissions from intercity trucking. As nonattainment areas strive to comply with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the potential emission reduction benefits of truck-related control measures must be evaluated to ensure that all sources of emissions are considered in the planning processes. However, little is known about the contribution of intercity trucking to emissions inventories in regions across the country, particularly since the Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE emissions factor model is not well-suited for this purpose. The incorporation of intercity trucking in emission inventory estimates is reviewed, and a methodology by which intercity trucking emissions can be easily isolated using information documented in state implementation plans (SIPs) is developed. Using SIP data for a select number of metropolitan areas and the Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS), the emissions contributions of city-to-city truck transport and drayage operations are assessed. Furthermore, the contribution of intercity trucking to emission reductions in areas across the country is determined using information reported in 15 percent volatile organic compound reduction plans.

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Zhong, Jia Qing, Zhi Gang Lu und Ke Ke Yan. „Multi-Objective Model Research with Clean Energy Technologies in Low Carbon Power Planning“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (Juli 2013): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1223.

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With the increasing development of clean energy technologies, the application of new energy and carbon capture technology would have a positive effect for CO2 emissions reduction. In this paper, planning of power system model including clean energy technology facing low carbon targets established, considering the carbon emission rights allocation and carbon trading. By studying coal-fired power plant planning model with wind power and carbon capture technology for the future planning period, establish the multi-objective model of minimum comprehensive cost and biggest carbon trading gains, considering constraint conditions of power generating capacity, wind power integrated capacity and carbon emissions reduction targets. Use the bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm for optimization calculation of the power planning, to give a planning scheme that can meet the requirements of economic development trend and emission reducing requirements.

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Zhang, Hong Liang. „Urban Vehicle Emissions Management under Uncertainty - A Traffic Planning Model with Interval-Parameter Programming“. Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (Dezember 2013): 1586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1586.

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In this study, an interval-parameter programming method has been used for urban vehicle emissions management under uncertainty. The model improves upon the existing optimization methods with advantages in uncertainty reflection, system costs and limitation of emission. Moreover, the model is applied to a case study of urban vehicle emissions management in a virtual city. The results indicate that the interval linear traffic planning model can effectively reduce the vehicles emission and provide strategies for authorities to deal with problems of transportation system.

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Ahmadi, Abdollah, Hani Mavalizadeh, Ali Esmaeel Nezhad, Pierluigi Siano, Heidar Ali Shayanfar und Branislav Hredzak. „A robust model for generation and transmission expansion planning with emission constraints“. SIMULATION 96, Nr. 7 (18.05.2020): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549720915773.

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This paper presents the application of information gap decision theory (IGDT) to deal with uncertainties associated with load forecasting in dynamic, environment constrained, coordinated generation and transmission expansion planning. Traditionally, the gaseous emissions are constrained over the whole system. Conventional methods cannot guarantee a practical expansion plan since huge emissions can still occur on some buses in the power system. This paper introduces a per-bus emission limit to avoid extreme emissions in highly populated areas. The effect of nodal emission limits is fully discussed and compared to a conventional method. The model is kept linear using the big M approach to decrease the model computational burden. Reliability is considered by limiting the estimated load not served in each year over the planning horizon. The cost of fuel transportation and fuel limits are considered in order to make the model more realistic and practical. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by implementation on Garver 6 bus, IEEE 30 bus, and 118 bus test systems.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Emissions planning"

Irvin, Elizabeth J. (Elizabeth Joanna). „Driving down emissions : analyzing a plan for meeting Massachusetts' carbon emission reduction targets for passenger vehicles“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99099.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-52).
Massachusetts is one of the US states at the forefront of carbon emission reduction policy, and has the potential to model success to the rest of the country. The state's Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA) passed in 2008, two years before federal climate legislation floundered in the U.S. Senate. This legislation committed the state to reducing carbon emissions 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80% by 2050. However, progress toward these targets has been uneven, particularly when it comes to transportation and land use. Despite aggressive goals, the number of vehicle trips, the number of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and the carbon emissions from passenger vehicle trips are all projected to increase over the next several decades. What will it take to put Massachusetts on track to meet its vehicle emission reductions targets? Many of the state's environmental advocates are uniting behind a potential new policy, a revenue-neutral carbon tax or carbon fee. This policy would levy an additional fee on fossil fuel consumption, but would distribute the revenue back to the state's residents instead of adding it to the state budget. This thesis explores the political, technical, and equity-based considerations that must be addressed to make this policy framework a success. Through spatial analysis of passenger vehicle driving patterns in the state of Massachusetts, a case study of British Columbia's successful revenue-neutral carbon tax, and analysis of the current political landscape in Massachusetts, I conclude that environmental advocates should reconsider their decision to advocate for a state level revenue-neutral carbon tax. At first glance, this policy seems elegantly workable -- economist-approved, politically savvy, and equity-conscious. A closer look, however, reveals some serious flaws that are likely to render it at best a huge expense of political capital for limited results. Worse, this policy might actually undermine the case for a nationwide carbon tax.
by Elizabeth J. Irvin.
M.C.P.

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Hartikka, Alice, und Simon Nordenhög. „Emission Calculation Model for Vehicle Routing Planning : Estimation of emissions from heavy transports and optimization with carbon dioxide equivalents for a route planning software“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178065.

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The transport sector is a major cause of emissions both in Sweden and globally. This master thesis aims to develop a model for estimating emissions from heavy transport on a specific route. The emissions can be used in a route planning software and help the driver choose a route that contributes to reduced emissions. The methodology was to investigate attributes, like vehicle-related attributes and topography, and their impact on transport emissions. The carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions were converted into carbon dioxide equivalents, which were incorporated as one cost together with a precalculated driving time as a second cost in a multi objective function used for route planning. Different tests were conducted to investigate the accuracy and the usability of the model. First, a validation test was performed, where the optimized routes were analyzed. The test showed that the model was more likely to choose a shorter route in general. The fuel consumption values largely met expectations towards generic values and measurements, that were gathered from research. A second test of the model made use of the driving time combined with the emissions in a multi objective function. In this test, a weighting coefficient was varied and analyzed to understand the possibility to find a value of the coefficient for the best trade-off. The result showed that the model generates different solutions for different coefficients and that it is possible to find a suitable trade-off between the driving time and emissions. Therefore, this study shows that there is a possibility to combine emission with other objectives such as driving time for route optimization. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed, where attribute factors and assumptions were varied to see how sensitive they were and, in turn, how much a change would impact the calculated emissions. The result from the sensitivity analysis showed that the changes in topography-attributes had less impact than changes on vehicle-related attributes. In conclusion, this thesis has built a foundation for route planning, based on the environmental aspect, for heavy transports.

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Kassinis, Georgios Ioannis. „Towards an improved procedure for estimating industrial-pollutant emissions“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67413.

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Momen, Mustafa. „Long-term supply mix planning of power systems accounting for greenhouse gas emissions“. Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115996.

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Recent scientific findings have generated considerable concern about the adverse effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the world's climate in general and global warming in particular. In Canada and many other countries, this concern has led to the adoption of legal and political steps with the aim of curbing GHG emissions. The first part of this thesis describes the steps taken by Canada in this regard.
Such steps provide a strong incentive to Canadian power systems to incorporate reduction of GHG emissions in their planning process. Thus, in the second part of the thesis, a long-term supply mix planning model is developed. Since significant decrease in GHG emissions is unlikely to occur without removal of highly polluting power plants, this model allows for decommissioning these power plants.
Finally, the supply mix planning model is applied to evaluate the strategy of joint planning (as opposed to separate planning) of the power systems of Quebec and Ontario. Results obtained from the model leads to the conclusion that joint planning is preferable from the point of view of overall social and financial cost.

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Rickwood, Peter. „The impact of physical planning policy on household energy use and greenhouse emissions“. Electronic version, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/1085.

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This thesis investigates the impact of physical planning policy on combined transport and dwelling-related energy use by households. Separate analyses and reviews are conducted into dwelling-related and transport-related energy use by households, before a model is developed to investigate the city-wide implications of different land-use scenarios in Sydney, Australia. The analysis of household energy use in Chapter 3 suggests that medium density housing (i.e. lose-rise apartments, townhouses, and terraces) is likely to result in the lowest per-capita energy use, while also allowing for sufficient densities to make frequent public transport service viable. The analysis of transport energy in Chapter 4 confirms that increasing urban density is associated with decreased car ownership and use, independent of other factors. However, land use changes alone are likely to result in modest changes to travel behaviour. The results of the scenario modelling in Chapters 7-9 support the view that changes to land use alone can reduce household energy consumption, but the changes, even over a long time period (25 years) are small (~0-10%) for all but the most extreme land-use policies. Instead, a coordinated (land-use/transport and other policy levers) approach is much more effective. The results confirm that it is transport energy that is most sensitive to planning policy, but that a combined consideration of dwelling-related and transport-related energy use is still useful. The micro-simulation model developed to assess the impact of different land-use planning scenarios allows the establishment of a lower-bound estimate of the effect that housing policy has on household energy use, assuming ‘business as usual’ transport policy, household behaviour, and technology.

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Kreycik, Philip W. „Factors affecting the gas price elasticity of travel demand : implications for transportation emissions policy“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103265.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 146-154).
This thesis explores the possibility of reducing transportation emissions by reducing the growth of demand for travel in the United States light-duty vehicle fleet. Many government agencies seek to reduce the environmental and social ills associated with excess travel demand (e.g. congestion, reduced safety during travel, local pollution and noise, energy consumption, and climate change). These agencies have many tools at their disposal to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per capita - including encouraging compact mixed-use development, providing alternatives to single occupancy vehicle travel such as transit and biking and walking infrastructure, and restricting/regulating driving alone for instance by providing less parking. But the fastest way to reduce travel demand is through higher pricing that accounts for the externalities that drivers impose upon each other and society more broadly. The degree to which higher pricing can reduce travel demand is a function of two interrelated factors: 1) how high of a price increase is politically feasible to implement, and 2) the degree to which the driving public responds to the higher cost of driving. Both these factors vary over time. Given that carbon pricing and/or higher gas taxes are likely to take years to gain broader political acceptability, the future price elasticities of travel demand are just as relevant as today's elasticities. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the variability of price elasticity, the factors that explain this variation, and how these factors might change in the future. Using a diverse set of methods including literature review, semi-structured interviews, and odometer data, I find evidence that the magnitude of price elasticity is lower for vehicles of higher fuel economy, for vehicles further from the urban center, and for vehicles in lower income zipcodes. This is the first analysis I am aware of that evaluates the variation of the price elasticity of travel demand within a metro area, an approach that is important to the understanding the political feasibility of pricing and as a lens to the future effectiveness of pricing. It suggests that gas price increases will affect certain households in very different ways, with the most inelastic households simply paying more to maintain their lifestyle and the most elastic households pushed to make significant changes to their daily travel patterns and opportunities. These two types of impact may lead to different types of resistance to the policy. As for the future, the findings regarding fuel economy and distance to the urban center are particularly relevant, as we foresee society continues to become more metropolitan and the vehicle fleet is increasingly comprised of high fuel economy vehicles. Finally, the magnitude of price response suggested by both my interviews and my odometer data analysis suggests that price is still a significant determining factor in distance driven; therefore, policy that increases the cost of driving remains an important emissions reduction strategy.
by Philip W. Kreycik.
M.C.P.

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Halm, Julia. „Assessing Barriers and Benefits to a Food Waste Composting Pilot Program in Oberlin, Ohio“. Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin162151075210671.

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Germeraad, Michael. „Quantifying the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Hazards: Incorporating Disaster Mitigation Strategies in Climate Action Plans“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1173.

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Reconstruction after natural disasters can represent large peaks in a community’s greenhouse gas emission inventory. Components of the built environment destroyed by natural hazards have their useful life shortened, requiring replacement before functionally necessary. Though the hazard itself does not release greenhouse gasses, the demolition and rebuilding process does, and these are the emissions we can quantify to better understand the climate impacts of disasters. The proposed methodology draws data from existing emission and hazard resource literature and combines the information in a community scale life cycle assessment. Case studies of past disasters are used to refine the methodology and quantify the emissions of single events. The methodology is then annualized projecting the emissions of future hazards. The annualization of greenhouse gasses caused by hazard events provides a baseline from which reduction strategies can be measured against. Hazard mitigation strategies can then be quantified as greenhouse gas reduction strategies for use in Climate Action Plans. The methodology combines the fields of climate action, hazard mitigation, and climate adaptation. Each field attempts to create sustainable and resilient communities, but most plans silo each discipline, missing opportunities that are mutually beneficial. Quantifying the greenhouse gasses associated with recovery following a disaster blends these fields to allow development of comprehensive resilience and sustainability strategies that lower greenhouse gases and decrease risk from existing or projected hazards. An online supplement to this thesis is available online at disasterghg.wordpress.com

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Hoesly, Rachel. „Implications of Mobility, Population Shifts, and Growth for Metropolitan Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Planning“. Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/413.

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As the public and policy makers continue to become more concerned with climate change, researchers continue to seek to understand and explain energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends and their drivers. Living and existing in different areas is associated with different impacts, so growth in different areas, as well as the movement of people to and from those areas will affect energy use and emissions over US, individual states, and counties. First the emissions implications of state to state mobility on household energy and GHG emissions are explored. 3 million households move across state lines annually, and generally move from the North East to the South and West. Migrating households often move to states with different climates, and thus heating and cooling and needs, different fuel mixes, and different regional electricity grids which leads them to experience changes in household emissions as a result of their move. Under current migration trends, the emissions increases of households moving from the Northeast to the South and Southwest are balanced by the emissions decreases of households moving to California and the Pacific Northwest. The net sum of emissions changes for migrating households is slightly positive but near zero; however, that net zero sum represents the balance of many emission changes. Summing emissions changes over individual states and regions show the regional differences in household emissions. Next, a similar analysis is conducted for the 120,000 households that annually move between counties in Pennsylvania. From 2006–2010, the emissions changes experienced by those households balanced to near zero values, similar to the state analysis. The emissions increases from households moving to metropolitan fringe and suburban counties were countered by the emissions decreases from households moving to low emission urban centers, even though urban centers experienced net negative migration. While emission changes experienced by households were dominated by differences in emissions from residential energy use, emission changes for household moving within Pennsylvania were dominated by differences from transportation emissions. Finally, this thesis explores the long term effects of growth and decline at the metropolitan level by estimating fossil based CO2 emissions from1900−2000 for Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. From 1970 to 2000, Allegheny County experienced a 30% decrease in total emissions and energy use from peak values, primarily because of a decline in industrial activity! (40% decrease in value added) and the loss of a quarter of its population. Allegheny County’s history suggests that the scale of change needed to achieve local emissions reductions may be significant; given years of major technological, economic, and demographic changes, per capita emissions in 1940 were nearly the same in 2000. Most local governments are planning emissions reductions rates that exceed 1% per year, which deviate significantly from historical trends. These results suggest additional resources and improved planning paradigms are likely necessary to achieve significant emissions reductions, especially for areas where emissions are still increasing. This work shows that overtime, growth and decline within a! region drives its evolving GHG footprint. Population decline within region may lead to emission reductions, as seen in the Allegheny County, but those reductions are more accurately described as displaced emissions due to population redistribution. From 2005-2010, the mobility of the US population between states, regions and counties was responsible for many household emissions changes that balance annually over the entire US. The near zero sum represents the v precarious emissions balance of two kinds of household moves. First, moves resulting in moderate emissions increases either as a result of households moving to higher carbon regions, like the South or South West, or as a result of households moving higher carbon suburban counties within states. Second, moves resulting in significant emissions decreases! As a result of households moving to low carbon regions or low carbon urban centers. Planning for continued low carbon growth in low carbon regions or cities experiencing high growth rates driven by migration, like California or Philadelphia, is essential in order to offset the moderate emissions increases experienced by households moving to high carbon regions or suburban areas.

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Nagpal, Shreshth. „Auto-calibrated urban building energy models as continuous planning tools for greenhouse gas emissions management“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123574.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Architecture: Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-117).
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with their buildings' energy use, owners frequently rely on building energy models that are calibrated to existing conditions for evaluation of potential energy efficiency retrofits. Development of such calibrated models requires the estimation of a series of building characteristics, a process which is extremely effort-intensive even for a single building and, therefore, almost prohibitive for large campus projects which often include hundreds of diverse-use buildings. There is a need for a framework that combines established urban energy model generation techniques with data-driven methods to reduce the manual and computational cost of developing calibrated baseline campus energy models, allow for real time evaluation of future building upgrades, and display their consequences to decision makers on an ongoing basis. This dissertation addresses this need by proposing new workflows for different development stages of models designed to evaluate future energy scenarios for large institutional campuses. First, the strengths and limitations of different urban modeling methodologies are assessed (modeling approach). Next, a methodology to employ statistical surrogate models is proposed for rapid estimation of unknown building properties (auto-calibration). Finally, a continuous energy performance tracking framework is presented to enable university campuses to manage their building related greenhouse gas emissions over time (continuous planning). As a proof of concept, the complete method has been implemented and tested at the author's home institution. Auto-calibration and continuous planning can be implemented independently or combined, and the dissertation includes a discussion about their possible impact if applied across the building stock.
by Shreshth Nagpal.
Ph. D. in Architecture: Building Technology
Ph.D.inArchitecture:BuildingTechnology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture

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Bücher zum Thema "Emissions planning"

Limited, ECOTEC Research and Consulting. Reducing transport emissions through planning. London: HMSO, 1993.

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Acutt, Melinda Z. Modelling greenhouse gas emissions from cars in Great Britain. Lancaster: Management School, Lancaster University, 1995.

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DeFilippo, Gary J. The future of the Connecticut Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program: Report on status and planning recommendations. [Waterbury, Conn: Connecticut Dept. of Motor Vehicles, 2001.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board und National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Hrsg. Driving and the built environment: The effects of compact development on motorized travel, energy use, and CO2 emissions. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2009.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study on the Relationships Among Development Patterns, Vehicle Miles Traveled, and Energy Consumption. Driving and the built environment: The effects of compact development on motorized travel, energy use, and CO2 emissions. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2009.

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National, Research Council (U S. ). Committee for the Study on the Relationships Among Development Patterns Vehicle Miles Traveled and Energy Consumption. Driving and the built environment: The effects of compact development on motorized travel, energy use, and CO2 emissions. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2009.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Emissions from older electricity generating units : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA could take additional steps to help maximize the benefits from the 2007 diesel emissions standards. Washington, D.C: United States, General Accounting Office, 2004.

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NextGen: Leveraging public, private, and academic resources : hearing before the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, November 7, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Emissions planning"

Boswell, Michael R., Adrienne I. Greve und Tammy L. Seale. „Emissions Reduction Strategies“. In Local Climate Action Planning, 115–52. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-201-3_5.

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Boswell, Michael R., Adrienne I. Greve und Tammy L. Seale. „Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting“. In Climate Action Planning, 94–131. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-964-7_4.

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Boswell, Michael R., Adrienne I. Greve und Tammy L. Seale. „Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory“. In Local Climate Action Planning, 87–114. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-201-3_4.

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Möst, Dominik, Massimo Genoese, Anke Eßer-Frey und Otto Rentz. „Design of Emission Allocation Plans and Their Effects on Production and Investment Planning in the Electricity Sector“. In Emissions Trading, 71–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20592-7_5.

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Cigagna, Marco, Valentina Dentoni, Battista Grosso und Giorgio Massacci. „Emissions of Fugitive Dust from Mine Dumps and Tailing Basins in South-Western Sardinia“. In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, 739–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02678-7_72.

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Abdelhalim, Achergui, Allaoui Hamid und Hsu Tiente. „Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning Buffer Positioning Considering Carbon Emissions“. In Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems, 460–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85906-0_51.

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Zhu, Mengyuan, Lurong Fan und Guojiao Chen. „Modeling Optimization Based Economy and Carbon Emissions Balance in Construction Supply Planning“. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 222–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79203-9_17.

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Dimoudi, Argiro, Vasilis Stathis und Christos Pallas. „Transformation of a Small-Livestock, Rural Community into a Green, Nearly-Zero CO2-Emissions Settlement“. In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 319–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44899-2_19.

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Van Esch, Leen, Greta Vos, Liliane Janssen und Guy Engelen. „The Emission Inventory Water: A Planning Support System for Reducing Pollution Emissions in the Surface Waters of Flanders“. In The GeoJournal Library, 137–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8952-7_7.

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Monzón, A., A. M. Pardeiro und L. A. Vega. „Reducing car trip and pollutant emissions through strategic transport planning in Madrid, Spain“. In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 81–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_9.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Emissions planning"

Claggett, Michael, und H. Sarah Sun. „Variability of Vehicle Emissions and Congestion Forecasting“. In Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40960(320)10.

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Bent, R., und G. L. Toole. „Grid expansion planning for carbon emissions reduction“. In 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2012.6345362.

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d'Abadie, R. J., und R. G. Kaiser. „The Emissions Score, a Composite Measure for Ranking Transportation Control Measures and Similar Projects in Terms of Emissions Benefits“. In Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40960(320)34.

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Ivanova, A., A. Bermudez, A. Martinez und A. Montaño. „Air quality in the City of La Paz, Mexico: emissions inventory and air pollutants“. In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp160531.

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Wilson, Jr., James H., Luana Z. Williams, Jackson J. Schreiber, Maureen A. Mullen, Thomas D. Peterson und Randy Strait. „State Approaches to Reducing Transportation Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions“. In Transportation, Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41059(347)9.

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Guo, Rong, Xiaochen Wu und Tong Wu. „Research on the compilation of low carbon planning guidelines for Changxing County, China“. In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/tsmz5166.

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In the past 40 years since China's reform and opening up, the city has been developing rapidly. Small towns are faced with the challenges of extensive development, degradation of human settlements and dif iculty in retaining local characteristics. Therefore, in the development process of small towns, we should not only pay attention to economic development, but also energy conservation and emission reduction, and pay attention to the protection of local characteristics.This paper calculates the carbon emissions of energy consumption in Changxing County from 2002 to 2017, and analyzes the main factors and degree of carbon emissions in Changxing County by using Kaya identities based on the carbon emissions decomposition model. The results show that the carbon emissions of Changxing County increased year by year, but the growth rate showed a downward trend. The ef ect of economic development and energy intensity has a great contribution to the carbon emissions of Changxing County. Industrial structure ef ect, energy structure ef ect and population size ef ect have little contribution to carbon emissions. Combined with the current situation and main factors of carbon emissions in Changxing County, this paper puts forward the compilation ideas and framework of low-carbon planning guidelines of Changxing County from six characteristic spaces , so as to provide the thinking and practical basis for the low-carbon construction of small towns.

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Auld, Joshua, Taha H. Rashidi und Jie (Jane) Lin. „Analysis of National County-Level Heavy-Duty Freight Truck Emissions“. In Transportation, Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41059(347)1.

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Farzaneh, M., J. Zietsman, D. Perkinson und D. Spillane. „The Impact of Biodiesel on Emissions from School Buses“. In Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40960(320)37.

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Zhai, H., H. C. Frey, N. M. Rouphail, G. A. Gonçalves und T. L. Farias. „Impact of Alternative Vehicle Technologies on Measured Vehicle Emissions“. In Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40960(320)38.

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Yuan, Qing, und Ran Guo. „Impact of Urban Compactness on Carbon Emission Efficiency in Small Towns in China“. In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/atxj1734.

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Maintaining a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction is an important part of low-carbon development in modern cities. At present, the positive effect of urban compactness on carbon emission efficiency has been demonstrated in large cities, but few studies have been carried out on small towns. Small towns are an important part of China’s urban system, accounting for 70% of the total population and 60% of the national GDP. Most small towns in China still promote economic growth and enhance the social welfare of residents by large-scale urban construction, which inevitably leads to urban expansion and high carbon emissions. How to reduce carbon emissions by optimising urban form while continuing with economic development and maintaining people’s welfare has become an important issue faced by small towns in China. To guide the low-carbon planning of small towns, it is necessary to understand the relationship between urban compactness and the economic benefit and socialwelfare levels associated with the carbon emissions in small towns. This study quantitatively analyse the relationship between urban compactness and carbon emission efficiency (including CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency) in small towns in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2008 to 2017. This study resulted in four main findings. (i) the expansion of urban scale had significantly improved the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency; (ii) the compactness presented opposite effects on the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency, compactness had a negative correlation with CO2 economic efficiency, and had a positive correlation with CO2 social efficiency; (ii) The CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency both show an upward trend over the period 2008 to 2017; (iv) The relationship between GDP and carbon emissions in small towns did not reach an ideal state, the economies of small towns in China are still strongly dependent on scale expansion.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Emissions planning"

Cox, S., und R. Benioff. International Assistance for Low-Emission Development Planning: Coordinated Low Emissions Assistance Network (CLEAN) Inventory of Activities and Tools--Preliminary Trends. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018074.

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Alexander, Serena, Asha Weinstein Agrawal und Benjamin Y. Clark. Local Climate Action Planning as a Tool to Harness the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Equity Potential of Autonomous Vehicles and On-Demand Mobility. Mineta Transportation Institute, Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1818.

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This report focuses on how cities can use climate action plans (CAPs) to ensure that on-demand mobility and autonomous vehicles (AVs) help reduce, rather than increase, green-house gas (GHG) emissions and inequitable impacts from the transportation system. We employed a three-pronged research strategy involving: (1) an analysis of the current literature on on-demand mobility and AVs; (2) a systematic content analysis of 23 CAPs and general plans developed by municipalities in California; and (3) a comparison of findings from the literature and content analysis of plans to identify opportunities for GHG emissions reduction and mobility equity. Findings indicate that maximizing the environmental and social benefits of AVs and on-demand mobility requires proactive and progressive planning; yet, most cities are lagging behind in this area. Although municipal CAPs and general plans in California have adopted a few strategies and programs relevant to AVs and on-demand mobility, many untapped opportunities exist to harness the GHG emissions reduction and social benefits potential of AVs and on-demand mobility. Policy and planning discussions should consider the synergies between AVs and on-demand mobility as two emerging mobility trends, as well as the key factors (e.g., vehicle electrification, fuel efficiency, use and ownership, access and distribution, etc.) that determine whether deployment of AVs would help reduce GHG emissions from transportation. Additionally, AVs and on-demand mobility can potentially contribute to a more equitable transportation system by improving independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and the elderly, enhancing access to transit, and helping alleviate the geographic gap in public transportation services.

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Maloney, Daniel M. The Emission Reduction Planning Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378579.

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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, Thamir Alshehri und Nicholas Howarth. The Circular Carbon Economy Index – Methodological Approach and Conceptual Framework. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-mp01.

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The circular carbon economy (CCE) approach, developed during Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency and endorsed by G20 leaders and energy ministers, can be used as a framework for holistic assessments of all available energy and emission management technologies within the confines of a global carbon budget. KAPSARC’s Circular Carbon Economy Index project, launched in 2021, will develop a composite indicator (index) that measures and tracks country performance and potential on various dimensions of the CCE to support related policy discussions and planning

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Nelson, James, Ana Mileva, Josiah Johnston, Daniel Kammen, Max Wei und Jeffrey Greenblatt. Scenarios for Deep Carbon Emission Reductions from Electricity by 2050 in Western North America using the Switch Electric Power Sector Planning Model: California's Carbon Challenge Phase II, Volume II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1163655.

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong und Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.

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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn und Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.

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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.

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