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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Ely's Eight Conditions for Change“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Ely's Eight Conditions for Change"
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Gaubatz, Julie A., und David C. Ensminger. „Department chairs as change agents“. Educational Management Administration & Leadership 45, Nr. 1 (10.07.2016): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143215587307.
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Change process research often discusses barriers that impede organizational change (e.g., Banta, 1997; Cavacuiti and Locke, 2013; Mutchler, 1990; Stewart et al., 2012); however, no empirical research has addressed how behaviors established in leadership models counteract these barriers. This study explored these two interconnected constructs of leadership and change in stories of secondary school department chair change attempts, and identified specific leadership behaviors described within their stories that aided the conversion of change barriers into conditions that enhanced the change process. Leadership behavior identification within department chair stories of change was guided by Blake and Mouton’s (1962) leadership theory, which has been further delineated by Yukl et al. (2002), and identification of change process barriers was guided by Ely’s (1990a) eight conditions for change. From the combined descriptions of six successful and four unsuccessful narratives of department chair-led change emerged essential conditions for change and commonly occurring change barriers. Specific leadership behaviors capable of overcoming these change barriers were also identified. Unexpectedly, this investigation also unearthed a change barrier seemingly unrelated to previously identified conditions of change: the contentious resistor. The contentious resistor was described as the most detrimental barrier to department chairs’ leadership of the change process.
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Fitzgerald, Karen, und Louise Biddle. „Creating the conditions for change: an NHS perspective“. Journal of Health Organization and Management 34, Nr. 3 (19.12.2019): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-02-2019-0031.
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Purpose Improving early diagnosis of cancer through system change initiatives is endemic in England’s NHS cancer services. These initiatives, however, often fail to gain traction due to the complexities of health system structures. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether using a change framework grounded in systems thinking could be of help to system leaders. Design/methodology/approach A portfolio of geographically independent projects, all implementing cancer service changes as part of the Accelerate, Coordinate, Evaluate Programme, was used for the study. Eight projects were purposively selected to give a varied case-mix. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with each project. Analysis of interviews was carried out using the Framework Method. Findings Processes working for (growth processes) and against (limiting processes) change were evident in and common across all eight projects. Projects commonly encountered challenges of relevance, time and bounded thinking. Having a network of committed people was vital for both initiating and sustaining change. Furthermore, understanding stakeholders’ emotional responses to change helped mitigate emergent challenges. Practical implications Leaders should pay constant attention to the dynamics of change, taking time to anticipate and diffuse challenges whilst simultaneously working to create the conditions that help change flourish. A change framework rooted in complex systems theory can help leaders understand the contradictory and non-linear processes inherent in transformational change. Originality/value Few studies seek to understand change dynamics by comparing the experiences of separate change initiatives implemented contemporaneously. The findings offer leaders practical insights on how to implement transformation.
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Wang, Sheng-lin, Qing-feng Lv, Hassan Baaj, Xiao-yuan Li und Yan-xu Zhao. „Volume change behaviour and microstructure of stabilized loess under cyclic freeze–thaw conditions“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2016): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2016-0052.
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Freeze–thaw action is considered to be one of the most destructive actions that can induce significant damage in stabilized subgrades in seasonally frozen loess areas. Laboratory tests including frost heave – thaw shrinkage and microstructure change during freeze–thaw cycles were conducted to evaluate the volume change rate of loess stabilized with cement, lime, and fly ash under the impact of cyclic freeze–thaw conditions. The loess specimens collapsed after eight freeze–thaw cycles (192 h), but most stabilized loess specimens had no visible damage after all freeze–thaw cycles were completed. All of the stabilized loess samples underwent a much smaller volume change than the loess alone after the freeze–thaw cycles. Although surface porosity and equivalent diameter of stabilized loess samples increased, the stabilized loess can retain its microstructure during freeze–thaw cycles when the cement content was less than 6%. To ensure freeze–thaw resistance of stabilized loess subgrades, the mix proportions of the three additives was recommended to be 4 to 5% cement, 6% lime, and 10% fly ash.
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Pan, Bing Hong, und Ling Chen Kong. „Research on Calculation Model of Minimum Net Distance between Interchanges on Eight-Lane Expressway“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.121.
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According to traffic operation characteristics and lane changing maneuvers, combining with the export notice signs and considering the worst driving conditions, the gap acceptance theory and kinematics are employed to establish the length of lane change operation between interchanges with probability theory. To operating speed as the premise, the necessary length that drivers change to the inside lane from the nearside lane is analyzed in terms of waiting for the gap acceptance, and the necessary length that drivers change to the nearside lane from the inside lane is also analyzed in terms of running for the gap acceptance, then calculation model of minimum net distance between interchanges on eight-lane expressway is constructed. The recommended value is then put forward.
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Węsławski, Jan Marcin, Maria Włodarska−Kowalczuk, Monika Kędra, Joanna Legeżyńska und Lech Kotwicki. „Eight species that rule today’s European Arctic fjord benthos“. Polish Polar Research 33, Nr. 3 (01.10.2012): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10183-012-0016-1.
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Abstract : The eight most abundant species (mean density >20 ind. m−2), which occurred at high frequencies (mean >30%) were selected from grab samples in the three Svalbard fjords: Hornsund, van Mijenfjord, and Kongsfjord, in the summer seasons between 1997 and 2007. Six polychaete and two bivalve species comprised more than 47% of the individ− uals and the biomass in all the samples examined. Four species are cosmopolitan, while the others are widely distributed Arctic−boreal species, and none has Arctic origin. Their den− sity, frequency of occurrence, and biology are very similar across the wide geographical range from boreal to Arctic conditions. As the diversity of benthic fauna in the fjords stud− ied increases (from 172 to 238 species), the dominance of the eight species in the soft bot− tom community diminishes from 76% to 47%. In times of hydrological regime shift, i.e., the warming of the European Arctic, it is unlikely that the abundancy of these species in the soft bottom fjordic ecosystems will change. The most common soft bottom species are not good indicators of environmental change in the Arctic, and rare, specialized species are better op− tion for indicative purposes.
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Potoski, Matthew, R. Urbatsch und Cindy Yu. „Temperature Biases in Public Opinion Surveys*“. Weather, Climate, and Society 7, Nr. 2 (01.04.2015): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-15-0001.1.
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Abstract The quasi experiment of deviations from normal temperatures shows how local temperature conditions bias selected survey results. Responses in eight CBS News surveys from 2001 to 2007 change with the weather, with unseasonable temperatures reducing concern about climate change and unusually warm temperatures increasing presidential approval. Unusual temperatures also influence who answers surveys; wealthier respondents are overrepresented in warmer conditions. These results jointly suggest that surveys are at risk for temperature-induced response bias. Weighting-based methods can account for survey results’ temperature-induced differences in samples.
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Bielza, P., V. Quinto, C. Grávalos, E. Fernández, J. Abellán und J. Contreras. „Stability of spinosad resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) under laboratory conditions“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, Nr. 4 (18.02.2008): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005658.
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AbstractThe stability of spinosad resistance in western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), populations with differing initial frequencies of resistance was studied in laboratory conditions. The stability of resistance was assessed in bimonthly residual bioassays in five populations with initial frequencies of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of resistant individuals. There were no consistent changes in susceptibility of the susceptible strain after eight months without insecticide pressure. In the resistant strain, very highly resistant to spinosad (RF50>23,000-fold), resistance was maintained up to eight months without further exposure to spinosad. In the absence of any immigration of susceptible genes into the population, resistance was stable. In the case of the population with different initial frequency of resistant thrips, spinosad resistance declined significantly two months later in the absence of selection pressure. With successive generations, these strains did not change significantly in sensitivity. Spinosad resistance inF. occidentalisdeclined significantly in the absence of selection pressure and the presence of susceptible WFT. These results suggest that spinosad resistance probably is unstable under field conditions, primarily due to the immigration of susceptible WFT. Factors influencing stability or reversion of spinosad resistance are discussed.
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Singh, Amar Paul, Kritish De, Virendra Prasad Uniyal und Sambandam Sathyakumar. „A preliminary assessment of odonate diversity along the river Tirthan, Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area, India with reference to the impact of climate change“. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, Nr. 11 (26.09.2021): 19611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5427.13.11.19611-19615.
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A total of 19 species of odonates, including eight species of Anisoptera (dragonflies) and 11 species of Zygoptera (damselflies), were recorded along the Tirthan River, Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (GHNPCA), Himachal Pradesh. Among these species, 17 were reported from the area for the first time. With the addition of these new records the number of odonates known from the GHNPCA is increased to 23 species representing 18 genera and eight families. Indothemis carnatica, Agriocnemis femina, and Argiocnemis rubescens are reported for the first time from the western Himalayan region. The study found a significant change in the species composition of odonates over a period of 18 years in the area, which may be due to changes in microhabitat conditions associated with climate change.
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Guan, Hongwei, und David M. Koceja. „Effects of Long-Term Tai Chi Practice on Balance and H-Reflex Characteristics“. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 39, Nr. 02 (Januar 2011): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x11008798.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of long-term Tai Chi practice on postural balance and H-reflex. Sixteen healthy volunteers, eight with three or more years of experience in Tai Chi training (Tai Chi Group-TCG), and eight with no experience in Tai Chi training (Control Group-CG) participated in the study. Postural sways were measured under four experimental conditions: (1) Standing still with eyes open (EO); (2) Standing still with eyes closed (EC); (3) Standing and turning head to left and right with eyes open (EOT); and (4) Standing and turning head to left and right with eyes closed (ECT). Paired reflex depression (PRD) of the soleus muscle was measured under two conditions: supine and standing. Less significant postural sway was observed in the TCG than in the CG under four conditions including EO, EC, EOT, and ECT (p < 0.01). The TCG demonstrated 14.1%, 30.6%, 33.3% and 22.7% less postural sway, respectively. Significant PRD change from a supine to standing position was observed between TCG and CG (p < 0.05). A significant correlation between PRD change (from supine to standing) and years of Tai Chi practice was observed (r = 0.80, p < 0.05). The findings of this study support the positive effects of Tai Chi exercise on balance control under different conditions. Long-term Tai Chi exercisers also demonstrated different reflex modulation from a supine to standing position, and long-term Tai Chi practice may lead to a change of PRD modulation as neuroadaptation.
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Bennie, Kirsty J., Vincent M. Ciriello, Peter W. Johnson und Jack Tigh Dennerlein. „EMG Changes of the ECU Muscle with Exposure to Repetitive Ulnar Deviation“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, Nr. 13 (September 2002): 1086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601317.
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Our objective was to quantify changes in muscle EMG activity due to repetitive work. Using a repeated measures design, 13 females participated in 3 conditions, each lasting two eight-hour days: a control inactive condition, and two repetitive work conditions with ulnar deviation tasks at 20 and 25 repetitions per minute. EMG of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (ECU) was recorded during voluntary isometric contractions (20% and 60% MVC) eight times throughout the work and control days. The amplitude of the EMG signal was lower on workdays compared to the control days. Initial median frequency of the EMG signal showed no change between the control and workdays; however, the decline of the median frequency with respect to time over the course of each isometric contraction was steeper during workdays compared to control days. These changes suggest that the muscles are in an early stage of fatigue when working for an eight-hour workday.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Ely's Eight Conditions for Change"
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Alsobhi, Rania Masoud M. „Factors to Consider for Implementing Blended Learning in Saudi Higher Education Institutions: An Integrative Literature Review“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103963.
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Blended/hybrid learning, a combination of face to face and online learning to deliver instruction, is growing in popularity at institutions of higher education, and may lead to many benefits for students, faculty, and administrators. However, the implementation of blended learning (BL) is a complex process. Although the move towards BL adoption is generally accepted by faculty, questions still remain when it comes to adopting and implementing standards across institutions. Given this problem, this integrative literature review was conducted to identify possible factors that impact the process of implementing BL smoothly and successfully at higher education institutions. The purpose of this study was to identify related institutional factors from empirical studies published from 2000 to 2020. Findings from this study may offer institutions a guide to effectively create, execute, and assess BL programs and courses. The study provides recommendations that may be impactful for decision-makers at Saudi higher education institutions.Doctor of Philosophy
Blended/hybrid learning, a combination of face to face and online learning to deliver instruction, has become popular at universities because it provides advantages for students, faculty members, and the university itself. However, the implementation of blended learning (BL) is a challenging process, and in many instances there is not enough guidance available to assist universities through the process. For this reason, this study has been conducted with the goal of identifying possible factors relating to implementing BL smoothly and successfully at universities. Findings from this study may offer institutions a guide to effectively create, execute, and assess BL programs and courses. The study provides recommendations that may be impactful for decision-makers at Saudi universities
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Murphy, Michael Todd. „The Perception of Ely's Conditions for Technology Implementation within Community Colleges“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56983.
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Change is a concept that has been studied for generations and continues to evolve in the literature. An area of change is diffusion of innovation which examines how new technologies or innovations are spread throughout a population. Using Ely's (1990) eight conditions that facilitate the implementation of educational technologies, this study was conducted to measure the influence of those conditions for the implementation of technologies in community college environments. Within this study, 634 participants from 18 community colleges across Virginia were surveyed and identified the conditions they perceived to be most influential in regards to their decisions to implement a specific technology. The perceived influence of Ely's eight conditions was analyzed for differences between various technologies, as well as within various demographic groups. The findings of this study identify those conditions with highly perceived influences which may lead practitioners to ensure the more influential conditions are in place prior to future technology implementations with the goal of more successful implementations.Ph. D.
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Dickens, Heidi Elizabeth. „A Revised Measure of Ely's Conditions of Change: Initial Psychometric Properties of the Implementation Profile Inventory II“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73708.
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This study provided reliability and validity evidence to substantiate the Implementation Profile Inventory II's (IPI-II) use as a measure of a user's perceptions of Ely's (1990a) eight conditions of change. To establish the psychometric properties of the IPI-II, three alternative factor structure models for Ely's conditions were compared. A confirmatory approach was used for the analysis of the evidence. A four-factor structure hypothesized by Ensminger et al (2004) appears to fit reasonably well; however, this study provided stronger evidence for a fifth underlying construct as a better model for the IPI-II's structure in a sample of 252 university faculty and staff. Perceptions of conditions that influence implementation of innovations are important measures of success and can serve as a planning guide for the instructional designer (Ely, 1990a, 1990b, 1999a, 1999b; Ensminger and Surry, 2002; Ensminger, 2005). The IPI-II is a revised scale (Ensminger and Surry, n.d.) designed to measure a user's perceptions of the importance of Ely's eight conditions of change. Psychometric information was obtained and reported on the measure's dimensionality, reliability, and validity. Recommendations are offered to facilitate the revision of questionnaire items to achieve a stable, well-defined solution for the factor structure (dimensionality) of the IPI-II. This study represented the first psychometric evaluation of the IPI-II and the first confirmatory study in the development cycle of the Implementation Profile Inventory.Ph. D.
Bücher zum Thema "Ely's Eight Conditions for Change"
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Gender now: Historical origins, eight core myths, facts of change. [S.l.]: William M. Wentworth [by] SciArts Publishing, 2011.
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Bourgogne, Université de, Hrsg. Mai-juin 1968: Huit semaines qui ébranlèrent la France. Dijon: Editions universitaires de Dijon, 2010.
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Hawai'i: Eight Hundred Years of Political and Economic Change. University of Chicago Press, 2019.
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America, 1908: The Dawn of Flight, the Race to the Pole, the Invention of the Model T and the Making of a Modern Nation. Scribner, 2007.
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Europe's 1968: Voices of Revolt. Oxford University Press, 2013.
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Mark, James, Robert Gildea und Anette Warring. Europe's 1968: Voices of Revolt. Oxford University Press, 2017.
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Guisinger, Alexandra. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190651824.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 discusses two questions: first, whether the explanation for declining trade salience is specific to the American experience; and second, what conditions in the U.S. could change to revive the salience of trade policy. To address the first question, the chapter compares trade salience patterns in the U.S. and eight other similar advanced industrial countries (AICs). It provides a comparison of beliefs about the benefits of trade the 9 identified AICs; analysis of parties’ position taking and trade’s salience in the party platforms of those countries since 1920, and two comparative case studies of the relationship between party position taking on trade the varying trade salience in Canada and the United Kingdom. The chapter also provides additional detail on the American experience of higher trade salience surrounding the debate and subsequent passage of North American Free Trade Agreement. The chapter concludes with implication for the future of trade policy, electoral politics, and applies the lessons to Donald Trump’s success in the 2016 Republican primary.
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Durham, William H. Exuberant Life. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531518.001.0001.
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Why is Galápagos so endlessly fascinating, whether to read about, to visit, or both? Reasons include its menagerie of truly unusual organisms (like tree daisies, marine iguanas, and flightless cormorants), its relatively low human impact (most of its endemic biodiversity is still extant), and its unrivalled role in the history of science ever since Charles Darwin. Exuberant Life offers a contemporary synthesis of what is known about the evolution of the curiously wonderful organisms of Galápagos, of how they are faring in the tumultuous world of human-induced change, and how evolution can guide efforts today for their conservation. In eight case-study chapters, the book looks at each organism’s ancestry, at how and when it came to Galápagos, and how and why it changed since its arrival, all with an eye to its conservation today. Such analysis often provides surprises and suggestions not previously considered, like the potential benefits to joint conservation efforts with tree daisies and tree finches, for example, or ways that a new explanation for peculiar behaviors in Nazca and blue-footed boobies can benefit both species today. In each chapter, a social-ecological systems framework is used, because human influence is always present, and because it allows an explicit link to evolution. We see how the evolutionary fitnesses of Galápagos organisms are now a product of both ecological conditions and human impact, including climate change. Historically, Galápagos has played a central role in the understanding of evolution; what it now offers to teach us about conservation may well prove indispensable for the future of the planet.
Buchteile zum Thema "Ely's Eight Conditions for Change"
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Carson, Dean B., Doris A. Carson, Per Axelsson, Peter Sköld und Gabriella Sköld. „Disruptions and Diversions: The Demographic Consequences of Natural Disasters in Sparsely Populated Areas“. In The Demography of Disasters, 81–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_5.
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Abstract The Eight Ds model (Carson and Carson 2014) explains the unique characteristics of human and economic geography for sparsely populated areas (SPAs) as disconnected, discontinuous, diverse, detailed, dynamic, distant, dependent and delicate. According to the model, SPAs are subject to dramatic changes in demographic characteristics that result from both identifiable black swan events and less apparent tipping points in longer-term processes of demographic change (Carson et al. 2011). The conceptual foundations for this assertion are clear. Populations in SPAs can experience large and long-term impacts on the overall demographic structure as a result of decisions by a relatively small number of people. High levels of migration and mobility cause constant shifts in the demographic profile and prime SPAs to adapt to many different demographic states (Carson and Carson 2014). The Northern Territory of Australia, for example, experienced previously unseen waves of pre-retirement aged migrants in the past decade or so (Martel et al. 2013) as evidence of detailed but important changes to past trends. However, while dramatic demographic changes are conceptually possible and occasionally observable, there have been few attempts to examine the conditions under which such changes are likely to occur or not to occur. This is an important question particularly in relation to black swan events such as natural disasters because effective disaster management policy and planning is at least partially dependent on understanding who is affected and in what ways (Bird et al. 2013).
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Ferlie, Ewan. „Analyzing Context in Health Care Organizations“. In Context in Action and How to Study It, 197–214. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805304.003.0012.
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This chapter reprises and reflects on Pettigrew, Ferlie, and McKee’s Shaping Strategic Change (1992), which analyzed processes of strategic change in the health care sector in England, based on a set of eight comparative and longitudinal case studies of management teams in English District Health Authorities attempting to accomplish large-scale service-level change. Further, it derived a more general and inductive model of receptive and nonreceptive contexts for change. The strengths and the limitations of this text are considered, along with a possible contemporary research agenda. Present day conditions for such research projects may not be as favorable as they were then.
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„Managing Centrarchid Fisheries in Rivers and Streams“. In Managing Centrarchid Fisheries in Rivers and Streams, herausgegeben von Christopher R. Middaugh und Daniel D. Magoulick. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874523.ch6.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The Ozark Plateau is located at the southern extent of native Smallmouth Bass <em>Micropterus dolomieu </em>range and water temperature and drought conditions during summer months may potentially affect growth of Smallmouth Bass in this region. Groundwater streams in the region do not warm to the same extent as runoff streams during summer months and could provide a thermal refuge habitat for Smallmouth Bass from high summer temperatures and drought conditions. Our study objective was to examine differences in body condition and diet of Smallmouth Bass through summer months between groundwater and runoff streams. We sampled Smallmouth Bass from eight streams across two flow regimes monthly from June–September from 2014 to 2016 in the Ozark Plateau of Arkansas and Missouri. Relative weights were calculated and diet contents were examined for each fish. Linear mixed model analyses indicated that relative weights declined in both stream types in 2014 and 2015, but not in 2016. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in change in relative weights between runoff and groundwater streams in any year. No diet shifts over the course of the summer were noted in any year, and no differences were seen between stream types. Our results suggest that further work should investigate the refuge qualities of groundwater streams for Smallmouth Bass in this region as Smallmouth Bass from both stream types may currently respond similarly to summer conditions.
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Batabyal, Debasish. „Assessing Sustainable Tourism and Crisis Situations“. In Managing Sustainable Tourism Resources, 87–110. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5772-2.ch005.
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Sikkim is the 22nd state situated in the Himalayas. It is a small, but beautiful state with endless potentialities for tourism. Tourism is estimated to contribute to around eight per cent of the state gross domestic product (GDP) in Sikkim and its importance has been increasing day by day. This beautiful alpine Himalayan state has a very relevant performance in exploring the quality of public life. At the same time, this distinctive bio-geographic region is fragile and prone to earthquake and other ecological problems arising from out of climate change and increasing industrialization. This chapter is an attempt to analyze the positive and negative socio-economic conditions on the backdrop of disaster management perspective in the state. Based on review of literature on crisis situations and possible disastrous effects exhibiting from out of tourism activities in similar destinations, socio-economic issues have been dealt with through investigation of secondary data and opinion survey.
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Donkai, Saori, und Chieko Mizoue. „The Public Library in an Aging Society“. In Adult and Continuing Education, 874–91. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5780-9.ch049.
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This chapter describes the present conditions of our aging society, with a particular focus on Japan as a typical example of such a society. In Japan, one in every four individuals is over 65 years of age, and one in eight is over 75 years of age. Further, based on this demographic change to an older population, this chapter discusses a new library service designed to enhance the lives of elderly citizens. The authors explore this new service from the viewpoint of lifelong learning, utilizing the results of recent government surveys and some case studies, such as those done at the Izumo City Hikawa Library and the Akita Prefectural Library in Japan. Although the elderly have been placed within the category of “disabled library patrons,” in recent years, it has become more common to consider the elderly, as a whole, as an individual service category. We should, in the near future, pay more attention to supporting elderly citizens at public libraries to engage them in the development and maintenance of their own communities.
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Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M. „Introduction“. In Humanitarianism and Mass Migration, 1–40. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0001.
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War and terror, demographic imbalances, unchecked climate change, and rampant criminality are the drivers of catastrophic migrations. In the first quarter of the twenty-first century, we witnessed the largest number of forcefully displaced human beings in record. Concurrently the world is now facing the largest “crisis of confinement” in history, leaving millions of human beings in search of shelter far away from the high and middle-income countries, lingering in interminable limbo. In the aftermath of World War II, Europe, the United States, and their allies developed policies for forcefully displaced refugees based on the assumption that whatever caused them to flee their homes would be resolved and refugees would return home. These architectures, we argue, are misaligned with the new conditions. Devastated environments in states with weak institutional capacities hold little promise for safe return. A new twenty-first-century cartography of mass migration suggests forms of migration that do not fit existing policy frameworks. First, most forcefully displaced migrants today stay as internally displaced either in their own countries or in camps in neighboring states often in subhuman conditions with few protections. Second, protracted conflicts are sending millions fleeing with no expectation of returning. Third the architectures in place are generally blind to the developmental needs of children. Crying children are the face of the catastrophic migrations of the twenty-first century. Worldwide, one in every two hundred children is a refugee, almost twice the number of a decade ago. In 2017, there were over twenty-eight million children forcefully displaced. For the first time in history, over half of all refugees under the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees mandate are minors. Even when temporary protection is possible or desirable, children in flight need more than a safe haven. They need a place to grow up. They need the safety of home. In this Introduction we review the best evidence and current thinking on physical health, mental health, and trauma; legal protections; and education for forcefully displaced children and youth.
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Ahlskog, J. Eric. „Unstable Responses and Dyskinesias: Later Motor Problems“. In Dementia with Lewy Body and Parkinson's Disease Patients. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199977567.003.0014.
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Chapter 6 outlined the symptoms that should benefit from carbidopa/levodopa treatment and how to initiate it. Once the optimum dosing scheme has been established there usually is not much medication adjustment required for the initial few years. However, this situation changes with longer durations of DLB or Parkinson’s disease. During the first several years of DLB or Parkinson’s disease, treatment with carbidopa/levodopa is straightforward—the responses are stable and unchanging over the course of the day. Thus, the exact time a person takes the doses is not important as long as they are administered on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before and 2 hours after meals). If the dosage is changed, it takes about a week for the response to fully develop. This pattern of a stable levodopa response that slowly accumulates over a week is termed the long-duration response. For this response to fully develop and capture the maximum benefit, about six to eight tablets of the regular (immediate-release) carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 tablets per day are necessary. While this has not been well studied in clinical trials, experience in the clinic suggests that this is approximately correct. After a few years of having DLB or Parkinson’s disease, the person’s response to levodopa tends to change. The long-duration effect persists, but part of the benefit becomes time-locked to each dose. This response does not reflect how long the person has been taking carbidopa/levodopa but how long he or she has had DLB or Parkinson’s disease. As these conditions progress, the capacity to maintain a stable, around-the-clock effect from levodopa diminishes, as if the effect could no longer be stored-up. This is not simply a brain levodopa storage problem, but it behaves that way. People with this time-locked benefit from levodopa will note that their gait, stiffness, tremor, and slowness will improve an hour or so after taking a carbidopa/levodopa dose. In other words, it takes about an hour (sometimes less) for the regular carbidopa/levodopa to “kick in.” Initially, this benefit may last 4 to 5 hours, but after many years it may diminish to 2 hours or less.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Ely's Eight Conditions for Change"
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Qin, Yun, und Jian S. Dai. „Four Motion Branches of an Origami Based Eight Bar Spatial Mechanism“. In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12584.
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An eight bar spatial mechanism inspired from an origami paper fold by considering the carton panels as links and creases as revolute joints is proposed. The constraint deposition and motion characteristics analyses of the eight bar spatial mechanism show that the mechanism implements one screw motion and one pure translation. The configuration space of the mechanism comprises four subspaces. Through adding different geometrical constraints to the eight bar spatial mechanism, different motions of the end-effector are limited leading to three 2-DOF and one 1-DOF motion branches. Additional geometrical constrained conditions in four motion branches with aimed motions of double translations, single translation and two single screw motions are revealed. In the first two motion branches, the eight bar spatial mechanism remains the constant relative orientations of joint-axes. However, the joint-axes of the eight bar spatial mechanism change their orientations in the last two motion branches. Kinematic analyses are discussed in four motion branches, respectively.
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Szadzińska, Justyna, und Dominik Mierzwa. „Intermittent–microwave and convective drying of parsley“. In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7348.
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The studies present convective drying of parsley with an intermittent microwave application. Eight different drying programs including convective drying (CV) were carried out in a laboratory-scale hybrid dryer. The influence of intermittent conditions on drying time, drying rate, energy efficiency and product quality was analysed. The results demonstrated that intermittent–microwave convective drying improves the drying kinetics and reduces energy consumption. Moreover, a higher retention of vitamin C, smaller color change and a better ability to rehydration were observed for the parsley samples dried using intermittent drying than for CV.Keywords: intermittent drying, microwaves, energy, vitamin C, rehydration.
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Rhee, Bo Wook, Churl Yoon und Byung-Joo Min. „CFD Simulation of the CANDU-6 Moderator Circulation Under Normal Operating Conditions“. In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22527.
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A steady-state 3D simulation for predicting the local subcooling of the moderator in the vicinity of the calandria tubes in a CANDU-6 reactor is performed. For the current simulation, a set of grid structures with the same geometry as the CANDU-6 moderator tank, called ‘calandria vessel’, is generated and the momentum, heat and continuity equations are solved by CFX-4.3, a CFD code developed by AEA technology. The standard k-ε turbulence model associated with logarithmic wall treatment is used to model turbulence generation and dissipation within the vessel. The moderator fluid is heavy water. Buoyancy forces are modeled using the Boussinesq approximation in which density is assumed to be a linear function of temperature. The matrix of the calandria tubes in the center region of the calandria vessel is simplified by the porous media approach. The anisotropic hydraulic impedance of the calandria tubes is modeled using the frictional pressure drop correlations suggested by Idelchik and Szymanski. The heat load in this steady-state simulation is conservatively set as 103 MW of 103% full power, consisting of 96.7 MW to the core region and 6.3 MW to the reflector region. The total volumetric flow rate through eight inlet nozzles is 940 L/s and the outlet temperature is constantly 71.0 °C. The thermal boundary condition of the circumferential vessel wall is assumed a little heat flux out. As a result, the velocity field and temperature distribution of a CANDU-6 moderator in the operating condition are presented. The flow pattern identified in this simulation is the weak jet momentum-dominated flow, which is generated by the interaction between the buoyancy force by heating and the dominant momentum forces by inlet jets. The calculated maximum temperature of the moderator is 83.0 °C at the lower center region of the core, which corresponds to the minimum subcooling of 33.0 °C considering the boiling point increase due to the hydrostatic pressure change.
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Dowell, Peter G., Richard D. Burke und Sam Akehurst. „Accuracy of Diesel Engine Combustion Metrics Over the Full Range of Engine Operating Conditions“. In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9507.
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Measuring and analyzing combustion is a critical part of the development of high efficiency and low emitting engines. Faced with changes in legislation such as Real Driving Emissions and the fundamental change in the role of the combustion engine with the introduction of hybrid-electric powertrains, it is essential that combustion analysis can be conducted accurately across the full range of operating conditions. In this work, the sensitivity of five key combustion metrics is investigated with respect to eight necessary assumptions used for single zone Diesel Combustion analysis. The sensitivity was evaluated over the complete operating range of the engine using a combination of experimental and modelling techniques. This provides a holistic understanding of combustion measurement accuracy. For several metrics, it was found that the sensitivity at the mid speed/load condition was not representative of sensitivity across the full operating range, in particular at low speeds and loads. Peak heat release rate and indicated mean effective pressure were found to be most sensitive to the determination of top dead center (TDC) and the assumption of in-cylinder gas properties. An error of 0.5° in the location of TDC would cause on average a 4.2% error in peak heat release rate. The ratio of specific heats had a strong impact on peak heat release with an error of 8% for using the assumption of a constant value. A novel method for determining TDC was proposed which combined a filling and emptying simulation with measured data obtained experimentally from an advanced engine test rig with external boosting system. This approach improved the robustness of the prediction of TDC which will allow engineers to measure accurate combustion data in operating conditions representative of in-service applications.
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Selem, Ahmed M., Nicolas Agenet, Martin J. Blunt und Branko Bijeljic. „Pore-Scale Imaging of Tertiary Low Salinity Waterflooding in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Rock at Reservoir Conditions“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206357-ms.
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Abstract We investigated pore-scale oil displacement and rock wettability in tertiary low salinity waterflooding (LSW) in a heterogeneous carbonate sample using high-resolution three-dimensional imaging. This enabled the underlying mechanisms of the low salinity effect (LSE) to be observed and quantified in terms of changes in wettability and pore-scale fluid configuration, while also measuring the overall effect on recovery. The results were compared to the behavior under high salinity waterflooding (HSW). To achieve the wetting state found in oil reservoirs, an Estaillades limestone core sample was aged at 11 MPa and 80°C for threeweeks. The moderately oil-wet sample was then injected with high salinity brine (HSB) at a range of increasing flow rates, namely at 1, 2,4, 11, 22 and 42 µL/min with 10 pore volumes injected at each rate.Subsequently, low salinity brine (LSB) was injected following the same procedure. X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was usedto visualize the fluid configuration in the pore space.A total of eight micro-CT images, with a resolution of 2.3 µm/voxel, wereacquired after both low salinity and high salinity floods.These high-resolution images were used to monitor fluid configuration in the porespace and obtain fluid saturations and occupancy maps. Wettabilitywascharacterized by measurements of in situ contactanglesand curvatures. The results show that the pore-scale mechanisms of improved recovery in LSW are consistent with the development of water micro-dropletswithin the oil and the expansion of thin water films between the oil and rock surface. Before waterflooding and during HSW, the measured contact angles were constant and above 110°, while the meancurvature and the capillary pressure values remained negative, suggesting that the HSB did not change the wettability state of the rock. However, with LSW the capillary pressure increased towards positive values as the wettability shifted towards a mixed-wet state. The fluidoccupancy analysis reveals a salinity-induced change in fluid configuration in the pore space. HSB invaded mainly the larger pores and throats, but with LSW brine invaded small-size pores and throats.Overall,our analysis shows that a change from a weakly oil-wet towards a mixed-wet state was observed mainly after LSW, leading to an incremental increase in oil recovery. This work established a combined coreflooding and imaging methodology to investigate pore-scale mechanisms and wettability alteration for tertiary LSW in carbonates.It improves our understanding of LSW asan enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for potential field-scale applications. The data provides a valuable benchmark for pore-scale modelling as well as an insight into how even modest wettability changes can lead to additional oil recovery.
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Hari, Yogeshwar, und Ramana Relangi. „Finite Element Analysis Applied to Vortex Finder Modifications“. In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-29017.
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The objective of this paper is to use finite element analysis in determining stresses in a Vortex Finder. Vortex Finder is tube projecting into central vortex of hydro cyclone or dense medium cyclone through which the classified fines or lighter specific gravity fraction of pulp leaves the system. Two Loading Conditions are considered. The stresses determined for the loading conditions are compared with allowable stresses for the material used for the Vortex Finder. Modifications are made to the Vortex Finder and in that also several design modifications are considered. Case 1 Original Design. Case 2 Modified model add eight Additional support connections and eight guests. Case 3 Same as Case 2 Double Elements to see effect on stresses. Case 4 Vortex Finder Modified Double Elements Air Velocity 100 ft. /sec. Case 5 Vortex Finder Modified Double Elements Change in Air Velocity 100 feet/sec. Add 6 support connections and guests removed. Case 6 Vortex Finder Modified Double Elements Air velocity 100 feet per sec. Add six more support connections and gussets Remove gussets move support points closer. For all the cases the stresses were compared with the allowable stresses. It was determined Case 6 with 24 total supports was the best. No Gussets. Support points moved closure. The maximum stress obtained by FEA Model meets the allowable stresses. This is robust design modification. This was implemented.
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Ramakrishnan, Kishore Ranganath, Shoaib Ahmed, Srinath Ekkad, Federico Liberatore und Yin-Hsiang Ho. „Characterization of Transient Wall Heat Load for a Low NOx Lean Premixed Swirl Stabilized Can Combustor Under Reacting Conditions“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14429.
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Abstract Modern combustor design optimization is contingent on the accurate characterization of the combustor flame side heat loads. Knowledge of regions of high and low heat loads on the liner wall helps designers optimize the cooling designs. The present work focuses on the experimental measurement of the transient heat load along a fused silica (quartz) optical can combustor under reacting conditions for a swirl stabilized premixed methane-air flame. Equivalence ratio was varied from 0.55 to 0.65. Reynolds number based on combustor diameter was varied from 12500 to 18000, where the preheated air temperature was approximately 373 K. The percentage of pilot fuel was varied from 6% to 10% of the main fuel flow rate. Inner and outer walls of the liner were painted with a high temperature flat black paint with an azimuthal offset to aid in infrared measurement of the wall temperature using an infrared camera. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was employed to visualize the flow field for various reacting conditions studied in this work. Based on the heat transfer study, a detailed report of transient heat load along the length of the liner wall for varying reacting conditions has been presented here. The location of impingement of the flame onto the liner and velocity of the flow field were obtained from PIV measurements. Wall heat load at various planes along the length of the liner have been presented. Repeatability of this transient experiment was within 10% between eight different runs for various locations along the length of the liner, except for the region close to flame impingement zone. In the impingement zone, liner heat load varied by about 25% between different runs. It was observed that the change in heat load upstream of the location of impingement on the liner was insignificant with change in pilot ratio as the system tends towards a steady state, contrary to the regions downstream. Higher Reynolds number and equivalence ratios increased the heat load on the liner as expected.
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Suprock, Christopher A., John T. Roth und Larry M. Downey. „Endmill Condition Monitoring and Failure Forecasting Method for Curvilinear Cuts of Non-Constant Radii“. In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31144.
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In this paper, an endmill condition monitoring technique is presented for curvilinear cutting. This algorithm operates without the need for prior knowledge of cutting conditions, tool type, cut curvature, cut direction, or directional rate of change. This technique is based on an autoregressive-type monitoring algorithm which is used to track the tool’s condition using a tri-axial accelerometer. Accelerometer signals are monitored due to the sensors relatively low cost and since use of the sensor does not limit the machining envelope. To demonstrate repeatability, eight life tests were conducted. The technique discussed herein successfully prognosis impending fracture or meltdown due to wear in all cases, providing sufficient time to remove the tools before failure is realized. Furthermore, the algorithm produces similar trends capable of forecasting failure, regardless of tool type and cut geometry. Success is seen in all cases without requiring algorithm modifications or any prior information regarding the tool or cutting conditions.
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Zubenschi, Ecaterina. „Popular synchronous, asynchronous and hybrid e-learning systems“. In Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p114-127.
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Online education requires careful thinking about how students and teachers are equipped to change traditional education to the new digital technology requirements. Digital learning management systems, communication tools and e-learning platforms play a crucial role in the new conditions of online learning. Programs and applications can help learning providers manage, plan, deliver, and track learning. Teachers, in addition to specialized skills in the field of teaching subjects, are presented with new skills of knowledge and management of digital tools. Digital competence is one of the eight key competences, materializing in the confident and critical use of the entire range of information and communication technologies for information, communication and problem solving in all areas of life. The use of digital technologies and living speech, represents a whole didactic creation, which individualizes the presented discourse to become an art in shaping the souls of the young generation.
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Goldin, Graham, und Yongzhe Zhang. „A Generalized FGM Progress Variable Weight Optimization Using HEEDS“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64446.
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The Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) model requires a reaction progress variable which is usually defined as a weighted sum of species mass fractions. This progress variable should increase monotonically as flamelet states progress from unburnt to chemical equilibrium. A favorable attribute of the progress variable is that the flamelet species should change gradually with the progress variable, which reduces sensitivity of these species to any predicted errors in the progress variable. Previous publications have presented optimization algorithms for specific flamelet operating conditions, including fuel and oxidizer compositions and temperatures, and pressures. This work applies the HEEDS optimization software to find optimal species weights for a range of fuels and operating conditions. The fuels included are methane, methane-hydrogen, n-dodecane and n-heptane, at fuel-oxidizer temperatures of 293K and 1000K, and pressures of 1 and 30 atmospheres. For manifolds modeled by constant pressure ignition reactors, the optimal progress variable weights using four species weights are {αCO2 = 1, αCO = 0.91, αH2O = 0.52, αH2 = 1}, and for eight species weights are {αCO2 = 1, αCO = 0.91, αH2O = 0.51, αH2 = 1, αC2H2 = 0.16, αOH = −0.66, αH = −0.38, αO = 0.4}.