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1
Ryde, S. J. S. „Multi element in vivo analysis by neutron activation“. Thesis, Swansea University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638733.
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The design, construction and commissioning of a unique, versatile clinical instrument for multi-element in vivo analysis by neutron activation is described. In this instrument a 4 GBq Cf-252 neutron source is stored below ground level and can be pneumatically propelled to one of two irradiation ports. From these ports collimated beams of fast neutrons, of different intensities and dose-rates, are delivered either to a localised volume such as the liver or kidneys, or across the width of a patient for head-to-toe scanning. The instrument is intended primarily for measurement of total-body calcium and nitrogen, and partial-body cadmium via the prompt-gamma-ray technique in which the characteristic gamma-ray emission is measured during neutron activation. Repeated bilateral irradiations of a tissue equivalent phantom have shown that using high-resolution germanium spectroscopy the elements calcium, chlorine, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen can be simultaneously measured with precisions (the coefficient of variation) of 2.6% , 1.5% , 3.1% , 4.3% and 0.4% respectively for a radiation dose equivalent to the skin of 6.4 mSv (QF= 10). When nitrogen is the element of prime interest it is advantageous to use NaI(Tl) rather than germanium detectors and the elements nitrogen, chlorine and carbon can then be simultaneously measured with precisions of 1.6% , 5.1% and 7.9% respectively for a radiation dose equivalent to the skin of 0.45 mSv. The detection limits (2 standard deviations of the net peak counts) obtained for cadmium are 2.8 mg and 3.5 ppm for the kidney and liver respectively, for an incident dose equivalent to the skin of 4.4 mSv. The instrument has so far been calibrated for quantitative in vivo measurement of nitrogen and cadmium, and for measurements of calcium counts in sequential studies of the same individual.
2
Kolor, Katherine. „Advancement of the timing of origin activation by a cis-acting DNA element /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10292.
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3
Fischer, Shain Ann. „A Three-Dimensional Anatomically Accurate Finite Element Model for Nerve Fiber Activation Simulation Coupling“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1365.
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Improved knowledge of human nerve function and recruitment would enable innovation in the Biomedical Engineering field. Better understanding holds the potential for greater integration between devices and the nervous system as well as the ability to develop therapeutic devices to treat conditions affecting the nervous system. This work presents a three-dimensional volume conductor model of the human arm for coupling with code describing nerve membrane characteristics. The model utilizes an inhomogeneous medium composed of bone, muscle, skin, nerve, artery, and vein. Dielectric properties of each tissue were collected from the literature and applied to corresponding material subdomains. Both a fully anatomical version and a simplified version are presented. The computational model for this study was developed in COMSOL and formatted to be coupled with SPICE netlist code. Limitations to this model due to computational power as well as future work are discussed. The final model incorporated both anatomically correct geometries and simplified geometries to enhance computational power. A stationary study was performed implementing a boundary current source through the surface of a conventionally placed electrode. Results from the volume conductor study are presented and validated through previous studies.
4
Sugden, Frank Daniel. „A NOVEL DUAL MODELING METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING HUMAN NERVE FIBER ACTIVATION“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1318.
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Presented in this work is the investigation and successful illustration of a coupled model of the human nerve fiber. SPICE netlist code was utilized to describe the electrical properties of the human nervous membrane in tandem with COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element analysis software tool. The initial research concentrated on the utilization of the Hodgkin-Huxley electrical circuit representation of the nerve fiber membrane. Further development of the project identified the need for a linear circuit model that more closely resembled the McNeal linearization model augmented by the work of Szlavik which better facilitated the coupling of both SPICE and COMSOL programs. Related literature was investigated and applied to validate the model. This combination of analysis tools allowed for the presentation of a consistent model and revealed that a coupled model produced not only a qualitatively comparable, but also a quantitatively comparable result to studies presented in the literature. All potential profiles produced during the simulation were compared against the literature in order to meet the purpose of presenting an advanced computational model of human neural recruitment and excitation. It was demonstrated through this process that the correct usage of neuron models within a two dimensional conductive space did allow for the approximate modeling of human neural electrical characteristics.
5
Vallinoto, Priscila. „Determinação de elementos essenciais e tóxicos em alimentos comerciais infantis por análise por ativação com nêutrons e espectrometria de absorção atômica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-04072013-144252/.
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A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda que os bebês sejam amamentados de forma exclusiva, pelo menos, seis meses após o nascimento. Após este período, recomenda-se a introdução de alimentos complementares, a fim de atender as quantidades nutricionais, minerais e energéticas necessárias às crianças. Produtos alimentares destinados a lactentes formam uma parte importante da dieta de muitos bebês, por isso é muito importante que esses alimentos contenham quantidades suficientes de minerais. Alimentação complementar inadequada é uma das principais causas das altas taxas de desnutrição nos países em desenvolvimento. Neste estudo, níveis dos elementos essenciais: Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se e Zn e dos elementos tóxicos: As, Cd e Hg foram determinados em amostras de vinte e sete diferentes produtos alimentares por Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons Instrumental (INAA) e Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica (AAS). Para a validação da metodologia foram analisados os materiais de referência: INCT MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs e NIST SRM 1577b Bovine Liver para INAA e NIST SRM 1548a Typical Diet e NIST SRM 1547 Peach Leaves para AAS. As vinte e sete amostras de alimentos para bebês foram adquiridas em supermercados e drogarias da cidade de São Paulo. Os elementos essenciais e tóxicos foram determinados e a maioria das concentrações obtidas dos elementos essenciais estava abaixo das recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, enquanto as concentrações dos elementos tóxicos foram inferiores ao limite superior tolerável. As concentrações baixas dos elementos essenciais obtidas nessas amostras indicam que as crianças não devem ser apenas alimentadas com esses alimentos comerciais.The World Health Organization recommends that infants should be breastfed exclusively for at least six months after birth. After this period, it is recommended to start introducing complementary foods, in order to meet the child´s nutritional, mineral and energy needs. Commercial food products for infants form an important part of the diet for many babies. Thus, it is very important that such food contains sufficient amounts of minerals. Inadequate complementary feeding is a major cause of high rates of infant malnutrition in developing countries. In this study, essential elements: Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se and Zn and toxic elements: As, Cd, Hg levels were determined in twenty seven different commercial infant food product samples by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). In order to validate both methodologies the reference material: INCT MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs and NIST - SRM 1577b Bovine Liver by INAA and NIST - SRM 1548a Typical Diet and NIST - SRM 1547 Peach Leaves by AAS were analyzed. The twenty seven baby food samples were acquired from São Paulo city super markets and drugstores. Essential and toxic elements were determined. Most of the essential element concentrations obtained was lower than the World Health Organization requirements, while concentrations of toxic elements were below the tolerable upper limit. These low essential element concentrations in these samples indicate that infants should not be fed only with commercial complementary foods.
6
AGUIAR, AMILTON R. „Aplicacao do metodo de analise por ativacao com neutrons a determinacao de elementos traco em unhas humanas“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10890.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
7
COCCARO, DANIELA M. B. „Estudo da determinacao de elementos - tracos em liquens para monitoracao ambiental“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10844.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
8
CAVALCANTE, CASSIO Q. „Estudo sobre a determinação de paládio em amostras biológicas pelo método de análise por ativação em nêutrons“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11544.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
9
PIASENTIN, RICARDO M. „Acompanhamento da variacao mineral de duas cultivares de guandu (Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp) submetidas a diferentes doses de fertilizantes, pelo metodo de analise por ativacao com neutrons“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10903.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
10
Vernois, Vincent. „Determination de certains microconstituants de l'email dentaire humain“. Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05M116.
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11
Sádovská, Terézia. „Výpočtové modelování napětí a deformace lidských hlasivek při nastavování do fonačního postavení“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443762.
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This master‘s thesis deals with computational modelling of human vocal folds in phonation position using finite element method. There are described larynx anatomy, voice generation theories and overview of so far published computational models of vocal folds. Next part of the paper deals with a redesign of vocal folds and soft tissues‘ geometry, creation of finite element mesh and implementation of active stress in thyroarytenoid muscle. The problem was solved using Ansys 19.2 software. Computation of stress and deformation of soft tissues in phonation position has been made for 7 variations with different combination of active cartilages and muscles. Lastly, there was evaluated an effect of different cartilages and active muscle stress to final stress and deformation of soft tissues of vocal folds.
12
TAKATA, MARCELO K. „Determinacao in vitro de constituintes inorganicos em tecidos osseos pelo metodo de ativacao com neutrons“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11133.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:00/04423-3
13
Soto, Nathan Daniel. „Characterizing Nerve Fiber Activation By Varying Fiber Diameter And Depth Within a Conductive Medium: A Finite Element Approach“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/608.
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In some instances neuropathies can be diagnosed through a conduction velocity test. However, not all neuropathies can be classified using this method. Gaining an understanding of how the stimulus level varies for different fiber sizes at different fiber depths within a conductive medium will provide useful information for simulation studies.
Following a two-step approach using COMSOL and MATLAB, a simulation was implemented to investigate the stimulus necessary to activate different sized fibers at different depths. In this two-step approach, COMSOL was used to describe the voltage profile that would be present within a conductive medium after a stimulus was applied. This voltage profile could then be analyzed using a program written in MATLAB to determine if the applied stimulus was sufficient to activate a given fiber. The analysis was performed using a stimulus method using a constant DC source. Two finite element models were also used, one using a homogeneous medium and the other inhomogeneous.
A three dimensional plot was created to describe the effect of both the depth and diameter of a fiber on the required stimulus for fiber activation. From this plot, an equation was fit to the data to represent the activation function of a nerve fiber at various diameters and depths.
14
Nishii, Kenichiro. „MICRO-SCALE FLUID DYNAMICS AND ITS EFFECT ON HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELL REGENERATION ACTIVATION“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461945701.
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15
AVEGLIANO, ROSEANE P. „Estudo de dieta total no estado de Sao Paulo: estimativa de ingestao dietetica de elementos toxicos (arsenico e cadmio) e essenciais (calcio, cromo, ferro, selenio, sodio, potassio e zinco)“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11523.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
16
BAPTISTA, TATYANA S. „Valores de referencia de elementos em sangue de cavalos da raca crioula via metodologia nuclear“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9587.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
17
SUSSA, FABIO V. „Estudo da composição inorgânica e avaliação da atividade biológica de Peperomia pellucida no crescimento de Aspergillus flavus“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10068.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
18
KIRA, CARMEN S. „Estudo da composicao mineral e dos elementos-traco essenciais em amostras de leite e produtos lacteos por espectrometria de emissao atomica com plasma induzido e analise por ativacao com neutrons“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11040.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
19
LARIZZATTI, FLAVIO E. „Determinacao de metais pesados e outros elementos de interesse por ativacao neutronica, em amostras de sedimentos da Laguna Mar Chiquita (Cordoba, Argentina)“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10972.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
20
Rolseth, Anton, und Anton Gustafsson. „Implementation of thermomechanical laser welding simulation : Predicting displacements of fusing A AISI304 T-JOINT“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19946.
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Laser welding is an advanced joining technique with the capability to form deep, narrow, and precise welds. Numerical models are used to simulate the process in attempts of predicting distortions and stresses in the material. This is done to reduce physical testing, optimize processes and enable integrated product- and process development. The Virtual Manufacturing Process research group at University of Skövde wishes to increase their knowledge on modeling options of thermomechanical simulations to grant local industries these benefits. A numerical model for the laser welding process was developed in ABAQUS. This was done by examining the macrograph structure of a simple weld and applied to a stainless-steel T-joint welding application. The macrograph data was used to calibrate a mathematical heat source model. User subroutine DFLUX was used to enable movement of the heat source and element activation was used to simulate the fusion of the two parts. A T-joint welding experiment was carried out to measure deflection and the result was compared to numerical simulations. Different combinations of heat source models, coupling type and element activation was compared in relation to predicting the deflection. Computational time and modeling complexity for the techniques was also considered.The results showed that a 3D Gaussian heat source model will imitate the keyhole weld achieved superior to the compared 2D model. The 3D model provides greater flexibility since it enables combinations of any geometrical bodies. It was shown that element activation has a significant contribution on part stiffness and thus resulting distortions. To implement element activation a fully coupled analysis is required. The deflection of the fully coupled 3D simulation with element activation showed a 9% deviance in deflection compared with experiments.
21
MAIHARA, VERA A. „Avaliacao do conteudo de alguns elementos essenciais e toxicos em dietas de criancas e idosos pelo metodo de analise por ativacao de neutrons“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1996. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10445.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
22
Deserranno, Dimitri. „A Multi-Scale Finite Element Model of the Cardiac Ventricles“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1148984314.
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23
Roux, Anthony. „Modélisation par la Méthode des Eléments Discrets de la Déchirure du Complexe Musculo-Tendineux“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0023/document.
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La déchirure musculaire est la première cause de blessure chez les athlètes. De nombreuses études décrivent ce traumatisme musculaire sans parvenir à en identifier clairement la chronologie et ses circonstances. L’objectif de la thèse est de décrire le phénomène de déchirure musculaire avec la méthode des éléments discrets, en s’appuyant sur des essais expérimentaux pour valider les modèles numériques. Dans une première partie, une revue de littérature permet d’acquérir les propriétés mécaniques des différents éléments constituant le complexe musculo-tendineux afin de pouvoir en réaliser un modèle macroscopique. Dans une deuxième partie, la modélisation du complexe musculo-tendineux est réalisée. La validation du comportement mécanique en traction passive du modèle proposé est réalisée en comparaison des travaux de L-L. Gras sur le muscle sternocléidomastoïdien humain. L’influence des paramètres morphologiques sur le comportement mécanique global est ensuite étudiée. La rupture fait l’objet de la troisième partie. Une modélisation de l’ensemble {tendon d’Achille/triceps sural} est réalisée et soumise à un test de traction passif jusqu’à rupture. La validation des résultats est faite vis-à-vis des essais expérimentaux réalisés sur cet ensemble musculaire provenant de pièces anatomiques humaines. L’étape suivante s’attache à modéliser la contraction musculaire, implémentée au niveau des fibres musculaires. Une validation du comportement actif du complexe musculo-tendineux est réalisée. Cette dernière étape, combinée à la traction destructive permet d’étudier la faisabilité de modéliser la déchirure par la méthode des éléments discrets, mais également d’étudier les structures endommagées et les mécanismes de rupture. Cela ouvre des possibilités d’utilisation cliniques de ce modèle pour comprendre et prévenir des blessures par déchirure musculaireTearing of the muscle-tendon complex is a common sport-related injury for athletes. Many studies reported description of this traumatism but mechanisms leading to such an injury are still unclear as are the site of mechanical failure and involved structures. The aim of the thesis is to describe the phenomenon of the muscle-tendon-complex’s tear using the discrete element method and validating the numerical model with experimental data. In the first part, a literature review explains the different properties of the muscle-tendon complex main components’ in order to model it at the macroscopic scale. In the second part, the muscle-tendon complex is modeled. Validation of the mechanical behavior in passive tensile test is proposed by comparison with experimental data from L.-L. Gras on human sternocleidomastodeus muscle. Then, the different influences of morphometric parameters on the mechanical behavior of the complex are investigated. The third part focuses on the rupture. A model of the complex set of {Achilles tendon/surae triceps} is built and a tensile test until rupture is applied. Model validity is assessed by comparison with in vitro experiments from human cadavers. The fourth part focuses on the muscular activation, implemented inside fibers’ behavior. Validity of its active behavior is investigated. This fifth and last presents the enrichment with destructive tensile test. This added test allows first to study the feasibility to model the tear with the discrete element method; and second to focus on damaged structures and rupture’s mechanisms. This offers possibilities for clinical applications of this model to understand and prevent injuries caused by a tear of the muscle-tendon complex
24
MONTEZANI, EDMILA. „Estudo sobre a composicao elementar nas amostras de liquem epifitico utilizado como bioindicador da poluicao aerea na cidade de Sao Paulo“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9620.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
25
TUDELA, DIEGO R. G. „Caracterização físico-química de sedimentos do sítio arqueológico Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu, MG“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10533.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
26
Mancinelli, Andrea. „Palladium Catalyzed C–H activation of arylethyl amines and their derivatives: application to the construction of heterocyclic compounds“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403465.
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The development of selective methods for the direct conversion of carbon−hydrogen bonds into carbon-heteroatom and carbon−carbon bonds remains a critical challenge in organic chemistry. An interesting approach to address this issue involves the use of substrates that contain coordinating atoms (or directing groups) that bind to the metal center in a first step, and a further rearrangement allows the C−H bond activation. A variety of palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, rhenium, and copper and, to a lesser extent, manganese, nickel, iron, and cobalt metal derivatives have been shown to be effective in this process. Palladium complexes are particularly attractive catalysts for such transformations because ligand-directed C−H functionalization at Pd(II) centers can be used to obtain different types of C−Y bonds (Y being carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or halogen).
Furthermore, Pd(II) can activate C−H bonds, both at sp2 and sp3 sites, and a wide range of catalytic processes has been described with different nitrogen-based directing groups. These include amides, pyridines, triazoles, pyrroles, imines, oximes, azobenzenes, amines, carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, and hydroxyl derivatives.
In contrast, few examples of the use of primary amines as directing groups have been described in spite of the fact that this functional group is ubiquitous in organic structures, probably because the NH2 group is too reactive toward different organic functions and also can easily coordinate too tightly to transition-metal centers.
In this thesis, a quite large survey of different processes based on C-H activation of arylethyl amines and their derivatives is reported.
In the first part of the work, the reactivity of palladium-activated primary amines with carbonyl surrogates or radical species was tested. The outcomes suggested that the substrates that we employed were not reactive in absence of radicals, while several undesired secondary reactions were observed in the presence of radical species. It was never possible to obtain a satisfactory selective functionalization.
In the second part of the thesis, a palladium–catalyzed reaction for the construction of tetrahydroisoquinolines was developed starting from primary amines. The process was based on a tandem palladium-mediated olefination-annulation reaction. An extense search of suitable amines and olefins was performed and the synthesis of several functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines was achieved thanks to the combination of various α-functionalized arylethyl amines and different olefins.
Afterwards, the reactivity of oxidized analogs of phenylethyl amines in C-H activation processes was studied in order to develop catalytic reactions in absence of external oxidants. O-Acyl hydroxylamines allowed the olefination-annulation reaction for the construction of tetrahydroisoquinolines (cited in the previous paragraph) without the need of further oxidizing agents. In some cases, the desired products were obtained in better yields, compared to the original conditions. Unfortunately, the oxidized substrates were not useful to the overcoming of the structural limitations that had been observed in these reactions, nor to the development or improvement of different C-H activation processes.
In the fourth part of the work, we tested the use of imines, as an amine surrogate that could be eliminated by hydrolysis at the end of the reaction. As a result, the isolation of a new palladium
complex with three coordinating centers was accomplished and a new palladium-catalyzed reaction for the construction of N-acylated indolines starting directly from primary amines was developed. This transformation was never reported before.
Unfortunately, the yields and the scope of the reaction were only moderate. Furthermore, the oxidation of the imine to amide did not agree with the original aim of introducing an easy removable directing group in the structure of the substrates.
Finally, the reactivity of aromatic sulphones obtained with our olefination-annulation reaction was launched. Thanks to this research an unusual reaction leading to the elimination of the sulphone and the consequent formation of dihydroisoquinolines was discovered.
The functionalization of these products and the finding of the appropriate conditions for a modified Julia reaction (starting from bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl sulphones, allowed us to prepare several kinds of functionalized or unsaturated tetrahydroisoquinolines that were difficult to prepare by other methodologies.En la Memoria de Tesis se recoje un amplio estudio de diferentes procesos basados en la activación C-H de ariletil aminas y sus derivados. En la primera parte del trabajo se ensayó la reactividad de aminas primarias activadas por paladio con distintos equivalentes sintéticos de grupos carbonilos o con especies radicalarias. Resultó que los substratos utilizados no eran reactivos en ausencia de radicales, mientras que experimentaban muchas reacciones colaterales en su presencia. En ningún caso se pudo obtener una funcionalización mayoritaria de forma satisfactoria. En la segunda parte de la tesis se trabajó en el desarrollo de una reacción catalizada por paladio para la obtención de tetrahidroisoquinolinas a partir de aminas primarias, basándonos en una potencial reacción de olefinación-ciclación catalizada por paladio. Desarrollamos una vasta exploración de las aminas y de las olefinas utilizables en el proceso y se logró la síntesis de muchas tetrahidroisoquinolinas funcionalizadas gracias a la combinación de diferentes ariletil aminas α-cuaternarias con varias olefinas. Seguidamente se ensayó la reactividad en procesos de activación C-H de análogos oxidados de feniletil aminas con la finalidad de desarrollar procesos catalíticos en ausencia de oxidantes externos. Las O-acilhidroxilaminas permitieron realizar el proceso de olefinación-addición de Michael para la obtención de tetrahidroisoquinolinas (descrita en la precedente parte del trabajo) en ausencia de oxidante, llevando en algunos casos a la síntesis de los productos deseados en mayor rendimiento. Lamentablemente los substratos oxidados no se revelaron adecuados para superar las limitaciones estructurales que se habían observado por esta reacción ni para su utilizo en otros procesos de activación C-H. En la cuarta parte del trabajo se ensayó el uso de iminas, como grupo director equivalente al grupo amino de las ariletil aminas pero que podía ser eliminado posteriormente por hidrólisis. Este estudio llevó al aislamiento de un nuevo complejo de paladio con tres centros de coordinación y al desarrollo de una reacción catalizada por paladio para la construcción de precursores de indolinas a partir de aminas primarias, nunca descrito anteriormente. Desafortunadamente los rendimientos y el campo de aplicabilidad del proceso fueron sólo moderados. Además, la oxidación de las iminas a amidas, que ocurría en el proceso de ciclación, no estaba de acuerdo con la idea inicial de introducir grupos quelantes fáciles de eliminar. Finalmente se estudió la reactividad de modelos de sulfonas aromaticas construidas gracias a la reacción de olefinación-ciclación descrita en el segundo capítulo de la memoria. Fruto de este trabajo se descubrió una reacción inusual de eliminación de la sulfona y la posterior formación de dihidroisoquinolinas. La funcionalización de estos productos y la búsqueda de condiciones adecuadas para una reacción de Julia modificada a partir de bis(trifluorometil)fenil sulfonas permitió la síntesis de varios tipos de tetrahidoisoquinolinas funcionalizadas o insaturadas, difíciles de obtener por otras metodologías.
27
Fuga, Alessandra. „Uso de líquens epifíticos no biomonitoramento da poluição atmosférica da região metropolitana de São Paulo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-15052012-133838/.
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Devido aos crescentes problemas relacionados com a poluição atmosférica na região metropolitana de São Paulo que atingem o ambiente e a saúde das populações, toma-se de grande interesse o estabelecimento de metodologias tal como a de monitoramento da qualidade do ar usando organismos cosmopolitas. O biomonitoramento é um método experimental que permite avaliar a resposta de organismos vivos à poluição, oferecendo vantagens como custos reduzidos, eficiência no monitoramento de amplas áreas geográficas e de elementos químicos poluentes presentes em baixas concentrações no ambiente e acumulados no biomonitor ao longo de um período. No presente trabalho, o método de análise por ativação neutrônica foi aplicado à determinação de elementos acumulados em amostras do fungo liquenizado Canoparmelia texana coletadas em duas áreas distintas: (1) Parques Estaduais Carlos Botelho (PECB) e Intervales (PEI), área considerada não-poluída pertencente ao ecossistema de Mata Atlântica - SP e (2) área metropolitana de São Paulo em pontos localizados nas proximidades das estações automáticas de monitoramento da Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB). Os liquens coletados dos troncos de árvores foram previamente limpos, moídos e posteriormente irradiados com nêutrons do reator IEA- R1 juntamente com os padrões sintéticos dos elementos. A precisão e exatidão dos resultados analíticos foram avaliadas por meio das análises dos materiais certificados de referência IAEA-336 LICHEN e Mixed Polish Herbs (INCT-MPH-2). Os resultados obtidos nestes materiais de referência foram concordantes com os valores certificados e apresentaram, em geral, uma boa precisão com coeficientes de variação variando de 0,9 a 14,6%. Os resultados das análises de liquens indicaram que os elementos As, Co, Cr, Cs, La, Mo, Sb, Sc, Se e U estão presentes aos níveis de ng g-1, Ba, Br, Cl, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Rb e Zn aos niveis de mg g-1 e Ca aos níveis de μg g-1. Por meio da aplicação das análises de cluster e de discriminate, aos resultados obtidos nas amostras coletadas em áreas com diferentes níveis de poluição, os pontos de amostragens foram agrupados segundo similaridades químicas no que diz respeito às suas composições elementares. Também foi observado que as amostras do PECB e do PEI separaram-se dos grupos e subgrupos formados pelas amostras da região metropolitana e este resultado indica a preservação das áreas consideradas não-poluídas. Os liquens coletados no PEI apresentaram, em geral, concentrações inferiores àquelas obtidas para a região metropolitana de São Paulo principalmente para os elementos relacionados com ações antrópicas. Os mapas de distribuição das concentrações de elementos permitiram a visualização e identificação de pontos que apresentam concentrações de elementos mais altas na região metropolitana. Estes mapas de distribuição também mostraram que a poluição na região metropolitana de São Paulo apresenta perfis diferentes devido às inúmeras fontes de emissão de poluentes. Os elementos determinados nos liquens da área metropolitana indicaram ser de origens industrial, veicular e do solo. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho mostraram a viabilidade do uso da C. texana na avaliação da poluição no biomonitoramento passivo de diversos elementos contaminantes presentes na atmosfera da região metropolitana de São Paulo.Due to the increasing problems of atmospheric pollution in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region that affect the environment and human health the application of biomonitoring methodologies using cosmopolite organisms has now become relevant. Biomonitoring is a method to evaluate the response of live organisms to pollution. This method offers advantages such as reduced costs, efficient monitoring of large geographic areas and accumulated pollutants over a large period in which low concentrations of chemicals elements in the environment can be evaluated. In the present study, neutron activation analysis method was applied to determine elements accumulated in Canoparmelia texana lichenized fungi. Samples were collected in two distinct areas: Carlos Botelho (PECB) and Intervales (PEI) State Parks that are considered as non-polluted areas and that belong to the Atlantic Forest - SP ecosystem; and Sao Paulo city metropolitan region in sites near automatic monitoring stations of the Environmental Protection Agency of the State of Sao Paulo (CETESB). The lichens collected from the bark of the trees were properly treated, and irradiated with neutrons from IEA-R1 nuclear reactor along with synthetic standards of elements. The precision and the accuracy of the results were evaluated by the analyses of IAEA-336 LICHEN and Mixed Polish Herbs (INCT -MPH-2) certified reference materials. The results obtained for these materials were in accordance with the certified values and presented good precision with variation coefficients ranging from 0.9 to 14.6%. Results obtained for lichens showed that elements As, Co, Cr, Cs, La, Mo, Sb, Sc, Se and U are present at ng g-1 levels, Ba, Br, Cl, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Rb and Zn at μg g-1 and Ca at mg g-1. By applying cluster and discriminant analyses to the results for the lichen samples from areas with different levels of pollution, the sampling sites were grouped according to their chemical similarities and their elemental composition. It was also observed that samples from PECB and PEI were separated from groups and subgroups formed by the samples from the metropolitan region. This result indicates the preservation of PECB and PEI areas considered non-polluted. The lichens collected in the PEI presented, in general, lower concentrations of the elements than those from the metropolitan region of São Paulo in regards to those elements related to anthropogenic actions. The distribution maps of element concentrations allowed identification of sites in the metropolitan region that present higher elemental concentrations. Furthermore the distribution maps also showed that the pollution in the metropolitan region presents different profiles due to many sources and different pollutant emissions. The probable sources of elements determined in lichens from the metropolitan region are industrial, vehicular and soil. Results obtained indicate that the C. texana species can be used as a passive biomonitor of element pollution in the Sao Paulo metropolitan area. This species is abundant in both polluted and non-polluted areas and thus allows to distinguish regions with distinct levels of pollution.
28
YAMASHITA, CELINA I. „Estudo sobre os constituintes inorgânicos presentes em diferentes espécies da planta medicinal do gênero Casearia coletadas em regiões distintas da Mata Atlântica, SP“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9298.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
29
Kim, Yong-Chul. „Hemin-induced activation of the thioredoxin gene by Nrf2 : A differential regulation of the antioxidant responsive element by a switch of its binding factors“. Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148732.
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30
SOARES, EUFEMIA P. „Caracterizacao de componentes inorganicos e tipos de polimeros em materiais plasticos metalizados“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11066.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
31
FUGA, ALESSANDRA. „Uso de liquens epifíticos no biomonitoramento da poluição atmosférica da região metropolitana de São Paulo“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11482.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:03/03387-1
32
BOURLEGAT, FERNANDA M. LE. „Disponibilidade de metais em amostras de fosfogesso e fertilizantes fosfatados utilizados na agricultura“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9582.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
33
BORDES, NICOLE. „Etude du dosage d'elements traces dans inp par activation avec des particules chargees; comparaison avec d'autres methodes de caracterisation“. Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0035.
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Le phosphure d'indium (inp) est un materiau semiconducteur interessant pour ses proprietes electriques dans le domaine de la microelectronique et de l'optoelectronique. Dans le but de maitriser son elaboration et de mieux comprendre ses proprietes, il est necessaire de determiner la concentration des elements traces ou des dopants presents dans le materiau. Les methodes nucleaires d'activation par particules chargees sont actuellement parmi les plus sensibles pour l'analyse d'impuretes dans les materiaux, et surtout elles sont quantitatives. Les possibilites analytiques offertes par des protons de haute energie (superieure a 20 mev) ont ete etudiees et appliquees au dosage du chrome, cuivre, zinc et fer dans inp et in. Les sensibilites obtenues sont comprises entre 10**(13) et 8. 10**(13) a nontcm**(3). La presence de quelques impuretes legeres a egalement ete recherchee dans inp. Oxygene et carbone ont ete doses a l'aide de tritons de 6 mev et de deutons de 8 mev respectivement, avec une sensibilite de 4. 10**(13) a nontcm**(3) et 2. 10**(14) a nontcm**(3). Les protons de 13 mev ont permis le dosage du soufre dans l'indium avec une limite de detection de 2. 10**(15) a nontcm**(3). Le silicium a ete dose au moyen de tritons de 3 mev : une limite de quelques 10**(16) a nontcm**(3) a ete obtenue. Des comparaisons avec d'autres methodes de caracterisation telles que sims, ssms ont ete faites. Nous avons ensuite etudie d'une part la repartition de ces impuretes dans des lingots prepares par la methode czochralski sous encapsulant liquide (lec) et d'autre part suivi le transfert de ces impuretes au cours de la cristallogenese. Nous presentons enfin les caracteristiques electriques et cristallines des lingots d'inp etudies et nous avons essaye de les relier a la presence de ces elements
34
Stelletta, Julien. „Modélisation volumique déformable du système musculosquelettique du membre inférieur“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10107/document.
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La modélisation du système musculo-squelettique est un outil permettant l'amélioration des connaissances du fonctionnement biomécanique des structures ostéo-articulaires et musculo- tendineuses. Nos travaux de recherche portent sur le développement d'une méthodologie de modélisation personnalisée, volumique, déformable et à capacité contractile du système musculo- squelettique du membre inférieur, intégrant l'ensemble des outils, le plus possible automatisés, de construction (basée sur l'imagerie médicale), de simulation (en couplage avec un modèle multi-corps dynamique) et d'analyse (comme la cartographie des raideurs locales dans le muscle) nécessaires à leur mise en œuvre dans le cadre d'études orthopédiquesMusculo-skeletal modeling can update our knowledge concerning the biomechanical behavior of the osteoarticular and musculotendinous structures. This research work is focus on the development of methodology and tools for the generation of a personalized model of the lower limb musculoskeletal system, taking account of the deformable and contractile behavior of the muscles. This workflow automatically builds the model dataset (from medical imagery), performs the simulations (coupled with a multibody dynamic model), and offers specific analysis tools (as local stiffness mapping in the active muscle) required for various orthopedic studies
35
FRANKLIN, ROBSON L. „Determinacao de mercurio tital e organico e avaliacao dos processos de metilacao e desmetilacao em sedimentos do reservatorio Rio Grande, Estado de Sao Paulo“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9558.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
36
Tavares, Daniel Jorge. „Sequences Required for Neurotensin Receptor-1 Gene Expression in N1E-115 Neurosblastoma Cells: Critical Importance of a CACCC Element for Activation During DMSO-Induced Neuronal Differentiation: a Dissertation“. eScholarship@UMMS, 2000. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/40.
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The promoter sequence of the mouse high affinity neurotensin receptor, Ntr-1, gene was cloned and characterized, sequences required for positive regulation in N1E-115 cells were localized, and at least two different peptides from these cells were shown to make specific contacts within the most potent positive regulatory element. A mouse neuroblastoma cell line, N1E-115, treated with 1.5% DMSO for 72 hours induces gene expression of both endogenous Ntr-l, and reporter constructs driven by the NTR-1 promoter, by 3 - 4 fold. The sequence ofthe NTR-1 promoter has no canonical TATA box, but is GC rich and contains consensus SP1, CACCC, CRE, and initiator elements. These elements are located within a 193 base positive regulatory region required for DMSO responsive activity and contains the transcriptional start site. Detailed mutational analysis of this region revealed that a CACCC box and the central region of a large GC rich palindrome are crucial cis-regulatory elements for DMSO induction. The SP1 element, an NGFI-A-related element, and the 5' end of the positive regulatory region are required for maintaining basal expression in N1E-115 cells. Cell type differences in the cis-regulatory elements that mediate both DMSO induction and maintenance of basal expression are observed. Characterization of proteins in N1E-115 cells that make specific contacts within the CACCC element identified at least two peptides with predicted sizes of 57 kd and 97 kd. Two dimensional UV crosslinking indicates that these proteins might contribute to inducible gel shift complexes that require the CACCC element. Several previously characterized CACCC binding proteins, belonging to the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors, were tested by supershift analysis for their ability to contribute to NTR-1 CACCC complexes. In fact, a protein closely related to SP1 does bind the CACCC element in N1E-115 cells, but of the other Kruppel-like protein tested, only BKLF contributes to a minor complex in N1E-115 cells. These results provide evidence for the complex regulation of Ntr-1 gene expression mediated by the cooperation of several cis-regulatory elements including a CACCC Kruppel-like binding element.
37
FRANCISCONI, LUCILAINE S. „Determinação dos constituintes inorgânicos em plantas medicinais e seus extratos“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23298.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
38
RIBEIRO, ROGERIO B. „Caracterização físico-química da cerâmica do sítio arqueológico São Paulo II“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10506.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
39
SEO, DANIELE. „Avaliação dos teores de Br, Cl, K, Mg, Mn e V em mexilhões Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758: Mollusca, Bivalvia) coletados no litoral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9939.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
40
SUSSA, FABIO V. „Efeito do manejo agrícola, da sazonalidade e dos elementos traço na produção dos óleos voláteis de erva-cidreira (Melissa officinalis L.)“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28047.
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Este trabalho é um estudo interdisciplinar envolvendo o cultivo de erva-cidreira (Melissa officinalis L.) e sua caracterização química. O objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer informação sobre a adubação orgânica e convencional, a sazonalidade e os efeitos dos elementos traço na produção dos óleos voláteis de Melissa officinalis. O modelo experimental utilizado foi em canteiros com delineamento inteiramente casualizados (DIC) com quatro repetições. Melissa officinalis foi submetida a diferentes sistemas de adubação e época de colheita. A concentração elementar foi determinada pela análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental (INAA), espectrometria de absorção atômica por forno de grafite (GF AAS) e espectrometria de emissão óptica com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES) nas folhas de Melissa officinalis e nos solos de cultivo. Os óleos voláteis de Melissa officinalis foram extraídos pela técnica de hidrodestilação, utilizando-se o aparelho de Clevenger e os principais metabólitos secundários (citronelal, neral, geranial, citronelol, nerol e geraniol) foram determinados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS). Primavera e verão apresentaram os óleos de melhor qualidade por possuírem menores teores de citronelol, nerol e geraniol. A formação de neral e geranial foi favorecida no manejo convencional correlacionado com a presença dos elementos Co, Cr, Mg e Ni presentes no solo, enquanto que a formação do citronelal foi favorecida no manejo orgânico correlacionado com o elemento Mn presente nas folhas de Melissa officinalis.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
41
RUBY, ELAINE C. „Qualidade ambiental de solos agricolas da bacia do Rio Jaguari - Sao Paulo“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9484.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
42
RIBEIRO, ANDREZA P. „Determinacao de metais pesados e outros elementos de interesse em sedimentos lacustres da Estacao de Tratamento de Esgoto de Barueri, Sao Paulo, por ativacao neutronica“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11026.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:00/00546-3
43
FARIAS, LUCIANA A. „Avaliação do conteúdo de mercúrio, metilmercúrio e outros elementos de interesse em peixes e em amostras de cabelos e dietas de pré-escolares da região Amazônica“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11472.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Galdino, Luciano. „CALFRAC: Programa que quantifica o processo de cristalização fracionada e sua aplicação ao estudo de soleiras da Bacia do Paraná (Estado do Paraná)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14132/tde-03012011-135433/.
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Foi desenvolvido um programa computacional escrito na linguagem de programação C++ denominado CALFRAC para quantificar o processo de cristalização fracionada em sistemas ígneos, utilizando para isso as concentrações dos elementos maiores, menores e traços. O algoritmo moderniza, torna mais eficiente e aprimora os programas publicados na literatura e possui a grande vantagem de poder calcular, automaticamente, todas as possíveis combinações de evolução das amostras envolvidas na diferenciação, além de associar aos cálculos os elementos-traço, os quais servem para confirmar os resultados sugeridos pelos ajustes dos elementos maiores e menores. O CALFRAC calcula a fração total subtraída do magma inicial e as frações referentes a cada mineral fracionado através do cálculo do balanço de massa, utilizando as concentrações de elementos maiores e menores, empregando os métodos de estimativa de máxima verossimilhança e dos multiplicadores de Lagrange para a resolução por mínimos quadrados, enquanto para os elementos-traço o programa utiliza a Equação de Rayleigh. Em ambos os casos a média dos erros percentuais relativos é usada como indicação das melhores evoluções. O programa CALFRAC foi aplicado na investigação da possibilidade de diferenciação por cristalização fracionada em amostras de soleiras de diabásio da Bacia do Paraná, que ocorrem nos municípios de Salto do Itararé, Ponta Grossa, Prudentópolis, Rebouças, Irati, Reserva e Jaguariaíva (PR), as quais foram coletadas para essa finalidade. Nas 33 amostras coletadas foram realizadas determinações de elementos maiores, menores e traços, incluindo terras raras, empregando-se os métodos de Fluorescência de Raios X e Ativação Neutrônica. Os resultados fornecidos pelo programa foram insatisfatórios, não sendo possível estabelecer um percurso de diferenciação das rochas mais primitivas para as mais diferenciadas das intrusões, devido ao fato de que provavelmente muitas das amostras analisadas representam a mistura de magmas com porções contendo acumulação de fases minerais causada pelo próprio processo de cristalização fracionada in situ.CALFRAC is a computer program written in C++ programming language developed to quantify fractional crystallization processes in igneous systems. Major, minor and trace element concentrations are used as input for calculations. The new algorithm enhances and makes the program more efficient than those published in the literature. Besides it is capable to automatically calculating all possible rock sample combinations involving differentiation by fractional crystallization process, using in addition trace element concentrations to corroborate the results obtained by the fitting of major and minor element abundances. CALFRAC calculates the total fraction subtracted from the original magma and the percentage of each fractionated mineral by solving least-squares mass balance equations based on major and minor element concentrations. The methods of maximum likelihood estimate and Lagrange multipliers are used to solve the equations, whereas for the quantification of trace elements the program uses the Rayleigh Equation. In both cases the mean relative percentage errors is used as an indication of the best results. The program CALFRAC was applied to investigate the possibility of differentiation by fractional crystallization of diabase samples from Paraná Basin sills, which outcrop nearby Salto do Itararé, Ponta Grossa, Prudentópolis, Rebouças, Irati, Reserva and Jaguariaíva towns (PR). The 33 collected samples were analyzed for major, minor and trace elements, including rare earths, employing X-Ray Fluorescence and Neutron Activation methods. The program output was not satisfactory, since it was not possible to establish a differentiation sequence from the more primitive to the more differentiated rocks of the intrusions. This is probably due to the fact that many rock samples are the result of mixing of magmatic melts with mineral accumulation zones, which were formed by the in situ fractional crystallization process.
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ROCHA, ROSIANA R. „Avaliação da poluição atmosférica de elementos químicos pela análise de líquen epifítico no campus da Cidade Universitária de São Paulo“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25356.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Pareek, Manish [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Oestreich, Martin [Gutachter] Oestreich und Philipp [Gutachter] Heretsch. „Activation of boron–boron, tin–silicon, and tin–tin bonds : application in carbon–element (E = B and Sn) bond-forming reactions and site-selective Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions / Manish Pareek ; Gutachter: Martin Oestreich, Philipp Heretsch ; Betreuer: Martin Oestreich“. Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156016843/34.
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Daniele, Anna Paula. „Determinação de elementos essenciais em vinhos por Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-16022017-111238/.
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Muitos estudos têm sido realizados para determinar elementos essenciais nos alimentos, dentre eles o vinho, devido aos seus importantes papéis nutricionais em funções do corpo humano. Estudos apontam que o consumo diário e moderado de vinho contribui de forma significativa para as necessidades dos elementos essenciais para o corpo humano, tais como Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, V, entre outros, bem como traz benefícios para a saúde como a prevenção de inúmeras doenças e maior expectativa de vida, relacionados em particular com a ingestão de antioxidantes como os compostos polifenólicos. Por outro lado, outros elementos são bons indicadores da origem do vinho e as suas concentrações podem ser utilizadas como critério para garantir a autenticidade e a qualidade do vinho, bem como avaliar se os limites de tolerância estabelecidos pela lei foram respeitados durante todo o processo de produção. Todavia, embora a indústria do vinho no Brasil esteja entre as 15 maiores do mundo, ainda são poucos os estudos analíticos dos elementos no vinho se comparado a outros grandes produtores. Neste sentido este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar alguns procedimentos para preparação de amostras de vinho para determinar elementos essenciais por Análise por Ativação Neutrônica Instrumental (INAA) e comparar os resultados com a técnica de Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica por Plasma de Argônio Acoplado Indutivamente (ICP OES). Três procedimentos de preparação da amostra foram estudados: liofilização, evaporação e calcinação. Os parâmetros estudados foram precisão, exatidão e limite de detecção. Foram aplicados testes estatísticos de ANOVA e Tukey Kramer para verificar as diferenças estatísticas entre as médias obtidas pelos três procedimentos de preparação do vinho para INAA com as médias obtidas por ICP OES. Foi observado que cerca de 60% dos resultados obtidos por liofilização foram concordantes com aqueles obtidos por ICP OES.Several studies have been carried out for determining essential elements in foodstuffs, including wine, due to its important nutritional role in human body functions. It was shown that daily consumption of wine in moderation contributes significantly to the needs of essential elements in human body such as Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, V, among others, and has health benefits in the prevention of numerous diseases and longer life expectancy, related in particular to the intake of antioxidants such as polyphenolic compounds. Trace elements are good indicators of origin of wines and their concentrations can be used as criteria to ensure authenticity, quality and show that the tolerance limits established by law were respected throughout the production process. However, although Brazilian wine industry is among the 15 largest in the world, analytical studies for organic and inorganic compounds of wine content are still small when compared to other major producers. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate some procedures of wine sample preparation to determine essential elements by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and compare the results with those determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). Three sample preparation procedures were studied: freeze-drying, evaporation and dry ashing. The parameters studied were precision, accuracy and detection limit. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests were applied to verify the statistical differences between the mean values obtained by the three wine preparation procedures for INAA with those means obtained by ICP OES. It was noticed that about 60% of results obtained by freeze-drying agreed with those obtained by ICP OES.
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Larue, Alyssa. „Analysis of elemental concentrations of biologically important elements in caprine milk and commercial caprine milk replacers using instrumental neutron activation analysis“. Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32108.
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Reis, Rogério Alves de Sousa. „"Caracterização de componentes inorgânicos em suplementos nutricionais pelo método de análise por ativação com Nêutrons"“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-01062007-161704/.
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O controle da composição dos elementos presentes nos suplementos nutricionais é de grande importância devido ao crescente consumo e a comercialização de diversos tipos e marcas destes produtos. A determinação da quantidade de elementos nos suplementos torna se necessária para comparar com os valores declarados nos seus rótulos. Neste trabalho, a ativação com nêutrons foi aplicada à análise de 11 amostras de suplementos, adquiridos em farmácias e em lojas de produtos naturais. As amostras, adquiridas nas formas de cápsulas ou comprimidos foram moídas para se obter as na forma de pó homogêneo. As amostras e os padrões sintéticos dos elementos foram irradiados no reator nuclear de pesquisas IEA-R1. Irradiações de 8 h sob um fluxo de nêutrons térmicos de 5x1012 n cm 2 s-1 foram realizadas para a determinação dos elementos Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Se e Zn e para a determinação dos elementos As, Cu, Fe, K, Na as amostras foram irradiadas por 1 h sob fluxo de nêutrons térmicos da ordem de 1x1012 n cm 2 s-1. As medidas das atividades gama induzidas foram realizadas usando um detector de Ge hiperpuro acoplado a um espectrometro de raios gama. Os resultados das quantidades obtidas nas amostras de suplementos foram em geral, concordantes com os valores apresentados nos seus respectivos rótulos. Elementos tóxicos como As, Cd, Hg e Sb não foram detectados em nenhuma das amostras. Para o controle da qualidade dos resultados analíticos com relação à exatidão e precisão foram analisados os materiais certificados de referência NIST 1400 Bone Ash e NIST 1633b Coal Fly Ash ambos da National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Os resultados obtidos nestes materiais de referência apresentaram uma boa precisão e exatidão e os valores de Z score ou diferença padronizada obtidos das análises, foram menores que 2 indicando que os resultados obtidos são satisfatórios e estão dentro da faixa dos valores dos certificados a um nível de confiança de 95%.The control of element composition in nutritional supplements is of great interest due to increasingly high consumption and a large diversity and brands of these products offered in market. Therefore, there is the necessity to evaluate the element contents in the supplements and to compare with those values declared on the labels. In this study neutron activation analysis (NAA) was applied to evaluate the element composition of 11 commercial nutritional supplement brands bought in natural product drugstores and pharmacies. These samples acquired in capsule or tablet forms were ground to a homogeneous powder. The samples were irradiated together with the elemental standards in the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. Irradiations of 8 h under a thermal neutron flux of 5x1012n cm-2s-1 were carried out for Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Se and Zn determinations. For Cu, K and Na determinations thermal neutron flux of 1x1012n cm-2s-1 was used and, the exposure time was 1h. The induced gamma activities were measured using a hyperpure Ge detector coupled to a gamma ray spectrometer. The obtained results compared with the values of the labels of nutritional supplements presented good agreement for most of the elements. Toxic elements such as As, Cd, Hg and Sb were not detected in the samples. For quality control of the analytical data, certified reference materials NIST 1400 Bone Ash and NIST 1633b Coal Fly Ash provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology were also analysed. Accuracy and precision of these results were evaluated. The obtained Z score values were lower than 2 indicating that the data are within the ranges of certified values at 95% confidence level.
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Alamin, Mohamed Bachir. „Bulk material elemental analysis using neutron activation techniques“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843813/.
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The principles of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) techniques and their applications in bulk analysis making use of prompt and delay gamma-rays have been outlined. Bulk analysis has the advantage of reducing sample preparation, and the use of large volume samples ensures that the analyses are representative of the bulk. A full description of the irradiation facility with the changes in terms of better shielding, and the use of a microcomputer in cycling the neutron source and the acquisition system control which is employed for simultaneous prompt and cyclic NAA has been given. The absolute method was used in the analysis of different environmental materials as bulk samples (2-5 kilogrammes) including sawdust, landfill, coal and fly ash. This means that all the parameters involved in the activation equation should be known. In particular, it was important to evaluate the solid angle between the sample and the detector and relate its variation to the detector absolute efficiency. For that purpose a Monte Carlo program was developed to find the effective solid angle subtended by a collimated detector for irregularly shaped bulk samples. The program was tested experimentally using an 152Eu voluminous source and the results showed a variation of not more than 4 % between the measured and calculated absolute efficiencies. INAA based on a 5 Ci (1.85x1011 Bq) Am-Be neutron source and the absolute method with the necessary corrections for neutron and gamma-ray attenuation showed to be most useful in determining the concentrations of elements such as H, B, C, O, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ti and Fe in different environmental bulk samples. Other elements such as F, Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Ag and In may also be analysed if found in high concentrations. INAA based on a nuclear reactor and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis based on a 2 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator were employed in this study as trace elements techniques using the comparator method. The concentrations of the elements and the associated detection limits in these samples were given and a comparison was made for those elements commonly obtained in both techniques. Finally, the effect of hydration of samples on the sensitivity of ten elements has been investigated. It was found that with an increased amount of water added (i.e. an increase in the amount of hydrogen present in the sample) to the sample matrix, an increase in elemental sensitivity was observed up to a certain value after which it remains more or less constant. Sensitivities of elements were determined over broad ranges of H concentrations with constant sample volume and shape in order to gain an understanding of the process(es) responsible for the enhancement.