Thematische Bibliographien / Electrons

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Electrons“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 28. Juni 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Electrons"

1

Wang, Xiaoping, Shusai Zheng, Zhen Li, Shaoming Pan, Weibo Fan, Daomin Min, and Shengtao Li. "Radiation electron trajectory modulated DC surface flashover of polyimide in vacuum." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 20 (February 17, 2022): 205201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4cf8.

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Abstract Improving surface flashover voltage on vacuum-dielectric interface irradiated by electrons is a long-standing challenge for developing high-voltage and high-power spacecraft technology. The basic issue is understanding the role of radiation electrons in the process of surface flashover. In this paper, a ‘three-segment’ curve concerning the surface flashover properties under electron irradiation is discovered experimentally. As the gap distance of electrodes increase, the surface flashover voltage of polyimide during electron irradiation presents a trend of firstly increasing, then decreasing, and finally stabilizing. According to the simulation of the trajectory distribution for kinetic electrons, this trend is found to correspond with three typical stages respectively. In stage A, the kinetic electrons are completely deflected and the varying electrode parameters mainly affect the electric field distribution. In stage B, the kinetic electrons can irradiate the part of polyimide. The promoting effect of those electrons on flashover process enhance with the enlargement of the irradiated region. In stage C, trajectories are no longer seriously deflected and the role of kinetic electrons do not vary with electrode parameters. Combining with the results above, a model with combined effects of both kinetic and deposited electrons on surface flashover in vacuum is thus proposed, base on which the guidance for the methods of improving surface flashover voltage during electron irradiation is provided.
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Suzuki, Kosuke, Ayumu Terasaka, Tomoya Abe, and Hiroshi Sakurai. "Modification of Electronic Structures with Lithium Intercalation in LixMn2O4 (x = 0 and 1) Studied by CRYSTAL14 Calculation Code." Key Engineering Materials 790 (November 2018): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.790.15.

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In this study, we calculate electronic structures for Mn2O4 and LiMn2O4 by using CRYSTAL14 ab-initio calculation code in order to understand electrode reaction mechanism of LixMn2O4 by lithiation/delithiation. Mulliken population analysis for all electrons show that the redox orbitals with lithiation and delithiation is O 2p orbitals. However, difference charge densities between majority and minority electrons indicate the change of distribution in Mn 3d orbitals by lithiation. This modification of distribution in Mn 3d orbitals suggests the change of electron configuration because the number of electrons at Mn atom is almost constant in Mulliken population analysis for all electrons. As a result, this modification of distribution in Mn 3d orbitals improves electron conductivity of this material.
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Schultheiss, Katrin, Joachim Zach, Bjoern Gamm, Manuel Dries, Nicole Frindt, Rasmus R. Schröder, and Dagmar Gerthsen. "New Electrostatic Phase Plate for Phase-Contrast Transmission Electron Microscopy and Its Application for Wave-Function Reconstruction." Microscopy and Microanalysis 16, no. 6 (October 15, 2010): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610093803.

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AbstractA promising novel type of electrostatic phase plate for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is presented. The phase plate consists of a single microcoaxial cable-like rod with its electrode exposed to the undiffracted electrons. The emerging field is used to shift the phase of the undiffracted electrons with respect to diffracted electrons. The design overcomes the drawback of the spatial frequency-blocking ring electrode of the Boersch phase plate. First, experimental phase-contrast images are presented for PbSe and Pt nanoparticles with clearly varying phase contrast, which depends on the applied voltage and resulting phase shift of the unscattered electrons. With the new phase-plate design, we show for the first time the reconstruction of an object wave function based on a series of only three experimental phase-contrast TEM images obtained with an electrostatic phase plate.
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4

Troyon, Michel, and He Ning Lei. "Electron Trajectories Calculations of an Energy - Filtering Field-Emission Gun." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179713.

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In many cases, the contribution of beam energy spread to the limitation of the performances of an electron microscope is strong. In the case of the field emission gun (FEG) , Troyon has experimentally shown it is possible to reduce considerably the energy spread by energy filtering at the gun level. The system developed consists basically of a magnetic FEG with a retarding electrode working as the retarding electrode of an energy filter. The principle is recalled in Fig. 1 and the cross section of the accelerator is given in Fig. 2. In this paper, the results of electron trajectories calculations inside the energy filtering field emission gun (EFFEG) are given.Fig. 3 shows that electrons of same energy, but entering the retarding field with different angles, can have exit angles very different. Due to the work function of approximately 4.5 eV the electrons, for an extracting potential Vo = 2 kV, enter in the field of the retarding electrode with an energy smaller than 2 keV. In Fig. 3 trajectories are computed for an electron of 1996 eV. Electrons passing by the nodal points have the same entering and exit angles. Trajectory 1 in Fig. 3 corresponds to an entering radius re = 17.5 μm and an entering semi angle αe = 1.2 mrad. For these re and αe values, at Vr =6 V, the exit semi angle αs = αe . Fig. 3 shows that an electron entering parallely to the axis, even very close to the axis (re = 10 μm) has a larger exit angle than electrons passing by the nodal points.
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Joens, Steve. "Hitachi S-4700 ExB Filter Design and Applications." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 878–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030464.

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Electron beam - specimen interactions and SEM signals have been well understood and documented for many years. These interactions result in a variety of electron signals including the most common, secondary and backscattered electron. Each electron signal produces unique characteristic information about the sample surface, subsurface, and elemental composition. Important information can be gained by controlling and filtering electron signals collected by the electron detector system.The S-4700 Cold Field Emission SEM incorporates a set of electrodes and plates positioned in the objective lens upper pole piece in close proximity to the upper secondary detector (figure 1). When a positive voltage is applied to the electrode plates, a high yield of secondary and backscattered electrons spiral up the column of the objective lens. The backscattered electrons are filtered with the ExB producing a SE rich signal. The information from this type of signal provides absolute detail from the sample surface, but can be prone to charging with some highly nonconductive samples. Figure 2a shows the effect of charging while observing uncoated Teflon ™. The image becomes distorted with bright intermittent horizontal lines. Surface detail is enhanced due to the high contribution of SEs from the sample surface.When the electrode voltage is set negative, through the instrument GUI, the low energy secondary electrons are repelled providing a signal rich in backscattered electrons. The information from this type of signal provides compositional information and inherently reduces charging. The uncoated Teflon ™ sample in figure 2b shows all charging affects have been eliminated.
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Dedulewich, S., Z. Kancleris, A. Matulis, and Yu Pozhela. "Electron-electron scattering in hot electrons." Semiconductor Science and Technology 7, no. 3B (March 1, 1992): B322—B323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/7/3b/081.

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Mitrokhovich, M. F., V. T. Kupryashkin, and L. P. Sidorenko. "Correlation of the Auger electrons direction of movement with the internal electron conversion direction of movement." Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 129–34. https://doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2013.02.129.

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By registering coincidences of γ-quanta with electrons and with low (about zero) energy electrons, the spatial correlation of the direction of emitted Auger-electrons and electron of internal conversion was investigated in the 152Eu decay. Auger-electrons were registered by е0-electrons of the secondary electron emission (γеICе0-coincidences). It was established that Auger-electrons of M-series, as well as electrons "shake-off" at β-decay and internal conversion, are strongly correlated at the direction of movement with the direction of movement of basic particle (β-particle, conversion electron), moving together mainly in the forward hemisphere. The intensity of correlated М-Auger radiation in range of energy 1000 - 1700 eV is equal to intensity of correlated radiation "shake-off" electron from internal conversion in this range. The assumption, that the presence of spatial correlating Auger-electron and conversion electron caused by current components of electron-electron interaction of particles in the final state is made.
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Golden, Joel, Matthew D. Yates, Michelle Halsted, and Leonard Tender. "Application of electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR) to the study of electroactive microbial biofilms." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 40 (2018): 25648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03898h.

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Results reveal that for an electrode-grown Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilm, as much as 70% of cytochrome hemes residing within hundreds of nanometers from the electrode surface store electrons even as extracellular electron transport is occurring across the biofilm/electrode interface.
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Toth, M., and M. R. Phillips. "Space Charge Artifacts in ESEM Images: Shadowing and Contrast Reversal." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 774–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036369.

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The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) employs a series of pressure limiting apertures and a differential pumping system to allow for electron imaging at specimen chamber pressures of up to 50 torr. Images rich in secondary electron (SE) contrast can be obtained using the gaseous secondary electron detector (GSED) or ion current (Iion) signals. The GSED and Iion signals are amplified in a gas cascade. SEs emitted from a sample are accelerated through the gas in the specimen chamber by an electric field, EGSED, produced by a positively biased electrode located in the chamber, above the specimen. The accelerated SEs give rise to a cascade ionization process that can amplify the SE signal by up to three orders of magnitude. Electrons produced in the cascade are rapidly swept to the biased electrode and are efficiently removed from the gas. Positive ions produced in the cascade drift away from the electrode with a velocity that is at least three orders of magnitude lower than that of the electrons.
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Nur-E-Habiba, Rokon Uddin, Kalle Salminen, Veikko Sariola, and Sakari Kulmala. "Carbon Particle-Doped Polymer Layers on Metals as Chemically and Mechanically Resistant Composite Electrodes for Hot Electron Electrochemistry." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.00640.

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This paper presents a simple and inexpensive method to fabricate chemically and mechanically resistant hot electron-emitting composite electrodes on reusable substrates. In this study, the hot electron emitting composite electrodes were manufactured by doping a polymer, nylon 6,6, with few different brands of carbon particles (graphite, carbon black) and by coating metal substrates with the aforementioned composite ink layers with different carbon-polymer mass fractions. The optimal mass fractions in these composite layers allowed to fabricate composite electrodes that can inject hot electrons into aqueous electrolyte solutions and clearly generate hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence (HECL). An aromatic terbium (III) chelate was used as a probe that is known not to be excited on the basis of traditional electrochemistry but to be efficiently electrically excited in the presence of hydrated electrons and during injection of hot electrons into aqueous solution. Thus, the presence of hot, pre-hydrated or hydrated electrons at the close vicinity of the composite electrode surface were monitored by HECL. The study shows that the extreme pH conditions could not damage the present composite electrodes. These low-cost, simplified and robust composite electrodes thus demonstrate that they can be used in HECL bioaffinity assays and other applications of hot electron electrochemistry.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Electrons"

1

Hoffrogge, Johannes Philipp. "A surface-electrode quadrupole guide for electrons." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-155503.

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Papageorgiou, George. "Counting electrons on helium using a single electron transistor." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415196.

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Schäfer-Bung, Boris, and Mathias Nest. "Correlated dynamics of electrons with reduced two-electron density matrices." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4177/.

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We present an approach to the correlated dynamics of many-electron systems. We show, that the twoelectron reduced density matrix (2RDM) can provide a suitable description of the real time evolution of a system. To achieve this, the hierarchy of equations of motion must be truncated in a practical way. Also, the computational effort, given that the 2RDM is represented by products of two-electron determinants, is discussed, and numerical model calculations are presented.
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Krecinic, Faruk [Verfasser]. "Ultrafast electron diffraction and imaging using ionized electrons / Faruk Krecinic." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142155447/34.

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Miller, Nathan A. "Using electron-tunneling refrigerators to cool electrons, membranes, and sensors." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315773.

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Hardy, Thomas M. "Superconductivity with strongly correlated electrons and an electron-phonon interaction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34947.

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The effect on the stability of the superconducting phase due the addition of an electron–phonon interaction to a repulsive Hubbard model is studied. Our Hubbard–Fröhlich Hamiltonian includes electron hoping, the on-site Coulomb repulsion, vibrating ions (phonons) and the electron–phonon interaction. A Lang–Firsov transformation is used to integrate out the phonon degrees of freedom. The transformation reduces the model to simple a Hubbard Hamiltonian with an additional long-range electron–electron attraction. A variational Monte Carlo technique, with a projected BCS trial function, is used to investigate the ground state energies of our transformed Hubbard–Fröhlich Hamiltonian. For various electron densities, with a d-wave superconducting order parameter, it is found that the inclusion of the electron-phonon interaction significantly enhances the condensation energy (the energy required to break paired electrons). We show that increasing the strength of the electron-phonon interaction increases the condensation energy. It is also found that even with an infinite on-site repulsion, where the resonating valence bond state cannot exist, the EPI does still lead to a d-wave superconducting state. In addition we examine, analytically, the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity. Allowing different masses for spin-up and spin-down electrons in a BCS-type Hamiltonian two new branches in the energy spectrum are found. Including a spatially varying order parameter a new expression for the pairing amplitude of finite momentum pairs is derived.
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Siedlein, Rupert V. "A search for excited electrons in electron-proton collisions at HERA /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487854314871133.

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Moreira, Leandro Malard. "Raman spectroscopy of graphene:: probing phonons, electrons and electron-phonon interactions." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESCZ-7ZFGDY.

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Since the identification of mono and few graphene layers in a substrate in 2004, intensive work has been devoted to characterize this new material. In particular, Raman spectroscopy played an important role in unraveling the properties of graphene systems. Moreover resonant Raman scattering (RRS) in graphene systems was shown to be an important tool to probe phonons, electrons and electronphononinteractions. In this thesis, by using different laser excitation energies, we obtain important electronic and vibrational properties of mono- and bi-layer graphene. For monolayer graphene, we determine the phonon dispersion near the Dirac point for the in-plane transverse optical (iTO) mode and the in-plane longitudinal acoustic (iLA) mode. These results are compared with recent theoretical calculations for the phonon dispersion around the K point. For bilayer graphene we obtain the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure band parameters. These results show that bilayer graphene has a strong electron-hole asymmetry, which is larger than in graphite. In a gating experiment, we observe that the change in Fermi level of bilayer graphene gives rise to a symmetry breaking, allowing the observation of both the symmetric (S) and anti- symmetric (AS) phonon modes. The dependence of the energy and damping of these phonons modes on the Fermi level position is explained in terms of distinct couplings of the S and AS phonons with intraand inter-band electron-hole transitions. Our experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions for the electron-phonon interactions in bilayer graphene. We also study the symmetry properties of electrons and phonons in graphene systems as a function of the number of layers, by a group theory approach. We derive the selection rules for the electron-radiation and for the electron-phonon interactions at all points in the Brillouin zone. By considering these selection rules, we address the double resonance Raman scattering process. The selection rules for monolayer and bilayer graphene in the presence of an applied electric field perpendicular to the sample plane are also discussed.<br>Desde a identificação de uma ou poucas camadas de grafeno em um substrato em 2004, trabalhos intensivos tem sido feitos para se caracterizar esse novo material. Em particular, a Espectroscopia Raman Ressonante tem sido muito importante para elucidar propriedades físicas e químicas em sistemas de grafeno. A Espectroscopia Raman Ressonante também tem se mostrado como uma ferramenta importante para se estudar fônons, elétrons e interações elétron-fônon em grafeno. Nesta tese, ao usarmos diferentes energias de laser de excitação, nós obtivemos propriedades importantes sobre as estruturas eletrônicas e vibracionais para uma e duas camadas de grafeno. Para uma monocamada de grafeno, nós determinamos a dispersão de fônons perto do ponto de Dirac para o modo óptico transversal no plano (iTO) e para o modo acústico longitudinal no plano (iLA). Comparamos nossos resultados experimentais como cálculos teóricos recentes para a dispersao de fônons nas proximidades do ponto K. Para a bicamada de grafeno, nós obtivemos os parâmetros de estrutura eletrônica do modelo de Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure. Nossos resultados mostram que a bicamada de grafeno possue uma forte assimetria elétron-buraco, que por sua vez é mais forte que no grafite. Em experimentos aplicando uma tensão de porta, variamos o nível de Fermi em uma bicamada de grafeno, o que levou uma quebra de simetria, deixando assim ambos os modos de vibração simétricos (S) e anti-simétricos (AS) ativos em Raman. A dependência da energia e do amortecimento desses modos de fônons com a energia de Fermi é explicada através do acoplamento elétron-buraco intra- ou inter- banca. Nossos resultados experimentais deram suporte às previsões teóricas para interações elétron-fónon em uma bicamada de grafeno.
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Ren, Yan-Ru. "Orbital spin-splitting factors for conduction electrons in lead." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25961.

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A detailed experimental study has been made of the spin-splitting factors ℊc for magnetic Landau levels associated with conduction electrons in extremal orbits on the Fermi surface of lead. This information has been derived from the waveform of the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) quantum oscillations in the magnetization of single-crystal lead spheres at temperatures of about 1.2 K and with applied magnetic fields in the range 50-75 kG. A commercial spectrum analyzer has been used to provide on-line values of the harmonic amplitudes in the dHvA waveform, and the values of ℊc have been extracted from the relative strengths of the harmonics. Serious systematic errors in ℊc can arise on account of waveform distortions caused by the small and subtle difference between the externally applied field H and the magnetizing field B acting on the conduction electrons. In 1981 Gold and Van Schyndel demonstrated that these 'magnetic-interaction' distortions could be suppressed to a large extent by using negative magnetic feedback to make the induction B within the sample be the same as H (or very nearly so). This thesis describes the first in-depth application of the magnetic-feedback technique to the systematic study of any metal. Particular attention has been paid to the effect of sample inhomogeneity, and Shoenberg's treatment of the magnetic interaction in a non-uniform sample has been generalized to include magnetic feedback. This theory accounts well for many features in the experimental data, especially those which remained a puzzle in the earlier work of Gold and Van Schyndel. Experimental ℊc values are given for the first time for most of the extremal orbits on the lead Fermi surface and for high-symmetry directions of the magnetic field. Indeed these are the most detailed data reported for any polyvalent metal. The ℊc factors for the different orbits and field directions are found to span the range from 0.56 to 1.147. These large net deviations from the free-electron value ℊ₀ = 2.0023 are consequences of the strong spin-orbit and electron-phonon interactions, and an attempt has been made to separate these two contributions to the ℊ-shifts.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Physics and Astronomy, Department of<br>Graduate
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Dogbe, John Kofi. "Comparing cluster and slab model geometries from density functional theory calculations of si(100)-2x1 surfaces using low-energy electron diffraction." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3258835.

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Bücher zum Thema "Electrons"

1

Kessler, Joachim. Polarized Electrons. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02434-8.

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Kessler, Joachim. Polarized Electrons. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985.

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Fields, B. H. Understanding electrons. New York: Cavendish Square, 2016.

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Amdahl, Kenn. There are no electrons: Electronics for earthlings. Broomfield, Colo: Clearwater Pub. Co., 2000.

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Hawkes, P. W. Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, 67. Burlington: Elsevier, 1986.

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B, Hirsch P., ed. Topics in electron diffraction and microscopy of materials. Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1999.

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Zou, Xiaodong. Electron crystallography: Electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Burstein, Elias, and Claude Weisbuch, eds. Confined Electrons and Photons. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1963-8.

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Haug, Rolf, and Herbert Schoeller, eds. Interacting Electrons in Nanostructures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45532-9.

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M, Alpatova N., ed. Organolithium compounds, solvated electrons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Electrons"

1

Keighley, H. J. P., F. R. McKim, A. Clark, and M. J. Harrison. "Electrons and Electron Beams." In Mastering Physics, 189–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-86062-3_21.

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Keighley, H. J. P., F. R. McKim, A. Clark, and M. J. Harrison. "Electrons and Electron Beams." In Mastering Physics, 189–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08849-2_21.

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Mc McClintock, P. V. E., D. J. Meredith, and J. K. Wigmore. "Electrons." In Low-Temperature Physics: an introduction for scientists and engineers, 59–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2276-4_3.

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Arabatzis, Theodore. "Electrons." In Compendium of Quantum Physics, 195–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_62.

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Anjali, V. R. "Electrons." In Practical Radiation Oncology, 73–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0073-2_11.

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Pearsall, Thomas P. "Electrons." In Quantum Photonics, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55144-9_1.

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Moglestue, C. "Electrons." In Monte Carlo Simulation of Semiconductor Devices, 39–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8133-2_3.

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Yates, John T. "Electrons." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 187–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_20.

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Schwarz, K. "Electrons." In International Tables for Crystallography, 294–313. Chester, England: International Union of Crystallography, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/97809553602060000639.

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Schwarz, K. "Electrons." In International Tables for Crystallography, 314–33. Chester, England: International Union of Crystallography, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/97809553602060000912.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Electrons"

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Brandão, Vitória M. C., Nilson D. Vieira junior, and Ricardo E. Samad. "Development of an Electron Spectrometer for Laser-Accelerated Electrons." In Frontiers in Optics, JTu5A.40. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jtu5a.40.

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Henke, Jan-Wilke, Yujia Yang, F. Jasmin Kappert, Arslan S. Raja, Germaine Arend, Guanhao Huang, Armin Feist, et al. "Probing the Formation of Nonlinear Optical States with Free Electrons." In CLEO: Fundamental Science, FW3P.3. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fw3p.3.

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Combining nonlinear integrated photonics with electron microscopy, we probe the formation of optical dissipative structures in Si3N4 microresonators with free electrons and find unique spectral fingerprints in the electron spectrum that enable new electron beam modulation schemes.
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Arend, Germaine, Armin Feist, Guanhao Huang, Yujia Yang, Jan-Wilke Henke, Arslan Sajid Raja, F. Jasmin Kappert, et al. "Coupling Free Electrons and Cavity Photons in a Transmission Electron Microscope." In CLEO: Applications and Technology, JTh4N.4. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jth4n.4.

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We couple free electrons to the optical modes of a photonic microring resonator. Inelastic electron scattering leads to the generation of cavity photons, correlated to the electrons in time and energy loss.
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Zhang, Yingrui, and David J. Quesnel. "Nanoscale Polarizations That Enable Stress Corrosion Cracking." In CORROSION 2012, 1–12. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01678.

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Abstract This paper addresses fundamental mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking by simulating the 3D distribution of electrical charge at the tip of a stress corrosion crack. Ledges and steps on freshly created surfaces interact with electrons that move about on that surface in an effort to maintain a net negative equipotential. Excess electrons stick to the ledges, creating nanoscale variations in electrical polarization of the metal-electrolyte interface. The excess electrons, responsible for the negative free corrosion potential, have a spatially varying density that supports local variations in the dissolution and replating rates of the near-surface metallic ions comprising the electrical double layer. In essence, the electrical double layer has an as-yet unexplored lateral structure owing to the presence of geometric features on the fracture surface which promotes mass transfer from the crack tip region to the atomic sites just a few lattice spacings away, minimizing the need for diffusion, and allowing for rapid crack advance via short-circuit exchange currents. At larger stresses, slip steps from dislocations introduce features that concentrate the excess electrons, promoting cathodic (electron consuming) processes while regions of reduced electron concentration such as at the symmetric crack tip favor anodic (electron producing) processes such as metall ic ionization and dissolution. Implications of the temporally and spatially varying electron distribution with charged ions in the solution that create local anodes and cathodes are also discussed.
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Gao, Feng, Jianmin Qu, and Matthew Yao. "Conducting Properties of a Contact Between Open-End Carbon Nanotube and Various Electrodes." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11117.

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The carbon nanotube (CNT) is becoming a promising candidate as electrical interconnects in nanoscale electronics. This paper reports the electronic structure and the electrical conducting properties at the interface between an open-end single wall CNT (SWCNT) and various metal electrodes, such as Al, Au, Cu, and Pd. A simulation cell consisting of an SWCNT with each end connected to the metal electrode was constructed. A voltage bias is prescribed between the left- and right-electrodes to compute the electronic conductance. Due to the electronic structure, the electron density and local density of states (LDOS) are calculated to reveal the interaction behavior at the interfaces. The first-principle quantum mechanical density functional and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approaches are adopted to compute the transport coefficient. After that, the voltage-current relation is calculated using the Landauer-Buttiker formalism. The results show that electrons are conducted through the electrode/CNT/electrode two-probe system. The contact electronic resistance is calculated by averaging the values in the low voltage bias regime (0.0–0.1 V), in which the voltage–current relationship is found to be linear. And the electrical contact conductance of electrode/CNT/electrode system show the electrode-type dependent, however, the amplitude for different electrodes is of the same order.
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Schoenlein, R. W., W. Z. Lin, J. G. Fujimoto, and G. L. Eesley. "Femtosecond Studies of Nonequilibrium Electronic Processes in Metals." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.wc7.

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An ultrashort laser pulse incident on a metal first interacts with the electrons which thermalize rapidly via electron-electron scattering. If the pulses are sufficiently short, electron temperatures in excess of the lattice temperature are generated since the electronic specific heat is much less than that of the lattice. Thermal relaxation of the electrons occurs primarily through electron-phonon interaction. Such processes have been investigated theoretically and observed experimentally[1-3].
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Yablonovitch, E. "Photonic band structure: observation of an energy gap for light in 3-D periodic dielectric structures." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.fw6.

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By analogy to electron waves in a crystal, light waves in a 3-D periodic dielectric structure should be described by band theory. Recently, the idea of photonic band structure1 has been introduced. This means that the concepts of reciprocal space, Brillouin zones, dispersion relations, Bloch wave functions, Van Hove singularities, etc. must now be applied to optical waves. If the depth of index of refraction modulation is sufficient, a photonic band gap can exist. This is an energy band in which optical modes, spontaneous emission, and zero point fluctuations are all absent. Therefore, inhibited spontaneous emission can now begin to play a role in a semiconductors and solid-state electronics. It makes sense then to speak of photonic band structure and of a photonic reciprocal space, which has a Brillouin zone ~1000 times smaller than the Brillouin zone of the electrons. If the dielectric constant is periodically modulated in all three dimensions, it is possible to have a photonic band gap which overlaps the electronic band edge and for spontaneous electron-hole recombination to be rigorously forbidden. Indeed the photonic band gap is essentially ideal since the dielectric response can be real and dissipationless. It is interesting that the most natural real space structure for the optical medium is face centered cubic (fee), which is also the most famous atomic arrangement in crystals. The comparison between electronic and photonic band structure is revealing: (a) The underlying dispersion relation for electrons is parabolic, while that for photons is linear. (b) The angular momentum of electrons is 1/2, but the scalar wave approximation is frequently made; in contrast, photons have spin 1 and the vector wave character will likely play a major role in the band structure. (c) The band theory of electrons is only an approximation due to electron-electron repulsion, while photonic band theory is essentially exact since photon interactions are negligible.
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Bekefi, G. "Free electron lasers with spiraling electrons." In 1985 Tenth International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmm.1985.9126557.

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Lin, Zhibin, and Leonid V. Zhigilei. "The Role of Thermal Excitation of D Band Electrons in Ultrafast Laser Interaction With Noble (Cu) and Transition (Pt) Metals." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21076.

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The temperature dependences of the electron heat capacity and electron-phonon coupling factor for noble (Cu) and transition (Pt) metals are investigated based on the electron density of states (DOS) obtained from ab initio electronic structure calculations. For Cu, d band electrons could be thermally excited when the electron temperature exceeds ∼3000 K, leading to a significant increase, up to an order of magnitude, in the electron-phonon coupling factor and strong enhancement of the electron heat capacity away from the linear dependence on the electron temperature, which is commonly used in most of the current computational and theoretical investigations of ultrafast laser interactions with metals. Opposite to the case in Cu, the thermal excitation of d band electrons in Pt leads to a monotonic decrease of the electron-phonon coupling factor and contributes to significant negative deviations of the electron heat capacity from the linear dependence in the range of electron temperatures that are typically realized in ultrafast laser material processing applications. Strong and drastically different temperature dependences of the thermophysical properties predicted for Cu and Pt point to the importance of the electron DOS effects and the necessity of full consideration of thermal excitation of d band electrons for realistic modeling of short pulse laser interaction with noble and transition metals.
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Goundar, Jowesh Avisheik, Qiao Xiangyu, Ken Suzuki, and Hideo Miura. "Improvement in Photosensitivity of Dumbbell-Shaped Graphene Nanoribbon Structures by Using Asymmetric Metallization Technique." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69917.

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Abstract The existence of Schottky barrier between the semiconductive graphene nanoribbon (GNR) and the metallic electrodes at its both ends causes a major hurdle in the development of GNR based devices. Here, a dumbbell-shape GNR structure was proposed to solve the problem. This structure consisted of a semiconductive GNR and wide metallic GNR at both ends. The ohmic contact between the wide metallic GNR and metallic electrode was easily achieved. Furthermore, an effective mechanism to enhance electronic band properties of the dumbbell-shape GNR structure by using asymmetric metallization technique is employed. To achieve this, two different metallic electrodes were introduced, Platinum (Pt) and Titanium (Ti), at each end of the GNR channel to break the symmetry in the Schottky barrier at both ends. The asymmetric difference in the Schottky barrier at the electrode/GNR interface at each ends allows for an efficient directional flow of electrons, effectively separating the photo-generated carriers. The individual contributions at each electrode/GNR interface were summed up resulting in a larger absolute photo-induced current. The electron transfer characteristics of the DS-GNR-FET was studied under an irradiation of a light source with a wavelength of 632.8-nm at room temperature. The developed 70-nm DSGNR-FET showed a significantly larger and enhanced photosensitivity of about 1.6 × 107 A/W.m2 as compared to the device fabricated with identical metallic electrodes as the source and drain electrodes.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Electrons"

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van der Heijden, Joost. Optimizing electron temperature in quantum dot devices. QDevil ApS, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53109/ypdh3824.

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The performance and accuracy of quantum electronics is substantially degraded when the temperature of the electrons in the devices is too high. The electron temperature can be reduced with appropriate thermal anchoring and by filtering both the low frequency and radio frequency noise. Ultimately, for high performance filters the electron temperature can approach the phonon temperature (as measured by resistive thermometers) in a dilution refrigerator. In this application note, the method for measuring the electron temperature in a typical quantum electronics device using Coulomb blockade thermometry is described. This technique is applied to find the readily achievable electron temperature in the device when using the QFilter provided by QDevil. With our thermometry measurements, using a single GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot in an optimized experimental setup, we determined an electron temperature of 28 ± 2 milli-Kelvin for a dilution refrigerator base temperature of 18 milli-Kelvin.
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Nishikawa, Masaru, R. A. Holroyd, and Kengo Itoh. Behavior of excess electrons in supercritical fluids -- Electron attachment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/354895.

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Papadopoulou, Afroditi. Electrons for Neutrinos. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1460788.

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Kestner, N. Theoretical studies of electrons and electron transfer processes in fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7252887.

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Wernick, I. K., and T. C. Marshall. Acceleration of electrons using an inverse free electron laser auto- accelerator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5096041.

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Fieguth, T. a. Arnold, R. Electron Bypass Line (EBL) Design: Electrons to A-line bypassing LCLS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922589.

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Wernick, Iddo K., and Thomas C. Marshall. Acceleration of electrons using an inverse free electron laser auto- accelerator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10159742.

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Preische, S., P. C. Efthimion, and S. M. Kaye. Radially localized measurements of superthermal electrons using oblique electron cyclotron emission. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/248329.

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Stancari, Giulio, J. Jarvis, N. Kuklev, I. Lobach, A. Romanov, J. Ruan, J. Santucci, and A. Valishev. Detecting Single Electrons in IOTA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1498551.

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Bonesteel, Nicholas E. Correlated Electrons in Reduced Dimensions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1237352.

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