Dissertationen zum Thema „Électronique stochastique“
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Huc, Pierre-Emmanuel. „Modélisation probabiliste du couplage d'un champ électromagnétique stochastique sur un équipement électronique dans un système multi-cavités“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhaire, Eric. „Contribution à la réalisation électronique de réseaux de neurones formels : intégration analogique d'une Machine De Boltzmann“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008989.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLassere, Gaëtan. „Implémentation électronique d'un oscillateur non linéaire soumis au bruit : application à la modélisation du codage neuronal de l'information“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692347.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGorchon, Jon. „Current and field induced magnetization reversal in Pt/Co/Pt and (Ga, Mn)(As, P) ferromagnetic films“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEffectively manipulating the magnetic state of a ferromagnet has a great interest for possible technological applications. Understanding the underlying fundamental mechanisms is thus particularly important. In some cases, the understanding of some mechanisms may even importantly impact other areas of physics. This is the case for example with field induced magnetic domain walls motion in the creep regime, where the wall can be assimilated to an elastic interface and follows an universal behavior. This thesis presents through an experimental work on Pt/Co/Pt ultra-thin samples, a complete description of the temperature and field dependent domain wall dynamics. A self-consistent analysis allows the extraction of all control parameters, identifying the new Thermally Activated Flux Flow regime, and confirming universal thermal scaling exponents. A second study focuses on current induced domain wall motion in an extended geometry of a (Ga,Mn)(As,P) ferromagnetic film. This study unveils domain wall shape instabilities under a gradient of current. The instability limits are analytically predicted in agreement with the experimental observations. A third work concerns the magnetization reversal mechanism evidenced at the interface between a (Ga,Mn)(As,P) film and a non-ferromagnetic electrode under a current flow. The reversal is shown to be stochastic and mainly governed by the spin accumulation at the interface, which reduces importantly the local magnetization. A simplified model allows the description of the reversal probability and the time scales involved in the mechanism of reversal are accessed and discussed
Olivas, Carrion Marc. „Communications sur le réseau d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule : modélisation et analyse du canal de propagation“. Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Carrion.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBordet, Maxime. „Contribution du bruit aux phénomènes de résonance et à la propagation de l'information dans les réseaux électroniques non linéaires“. Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS051/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript presents research aiming to show possible positive effects of deterministic and stochastic perturbations on the responses of different nonlinear systems. To that end, both numerical and experimental studies were carried out on two kinds of structures : an elementary electronic FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillator and an electrical line developed by resistively coupling 45 elementary cells. In the first section, the elementary cell characterization was undertaken in a deterministic regime. In the presence of a bichromatic stimulus, it is shown that when the low frequency component is subthreshold, its detection can be maximized for an optimal magnitude of the second component thanks to vibrational resonance. Next, it is established that this resonance may be enhanced for specific frequencies of the second component ; this phenomenon is referred to as frequency resonance. Furthermore, white and colored noise sources effects on vibrational resonance are reported. Then, for any other bichromatic excitation configuration, attention was focused on ghost stochastic resonance. Contrary to the other phenomena introduced in this manuscript, this one differs in the fact that the frequency of interest in the system output is here not applied on the input. Finally, the last part of the manuscript is devoted to the study of the coupled structure. It is shown that information propagation through line cells can be enhanced by vibrational propagation and noise assisted propagation phenomena. These nonlinear effects respectively occur when the system is under a high frequency deterministic perturbation or a random noise source
Rousseau, David. „Contribution à l'étude du traitement de l'information dans les processus physiques non linéaires : résonance stochastique et rôle bénéfique du bruit“. Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNonlinear physical processes exhibit much richer dynamics than linear processes; some of their specific behaviors are of interest for information processing. We focus on one of these typically nonlinear behavior: stochastic resonance, which manifest the possibility to enhance the transmission or the processing of a useful signal by certain nonlinear systems by means of an increase of the noise in the system. Present developments about stochastic resonance can be organized in three main axes: the pursue of fundamental analysis, the study of stochastic resonance in natural neurons and the search for technological competitive applications of stochastic resonance. In this work, we propose our contribution to these three main axes of development of stochastic resonance. Within this perspective, we examine different signal processing problematics (transmission, detection and estimation) in different nonlinear physical processes. We study the influence of noise on the performance of information processing involving different nonlinear systems like nonlinear sensors with saturations, arrays of nonlinear devices or bistable dynamic systems. We consider different signal--noise mixtures: linear or nonlinear (with the specific case of phase noises)
Mizrahi, Alice. „Jonctions tunnel magnétiques stochastiques pour le calcul bioinspiré“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic tunnel junctions are promising candidates for computing applications. But when they are reduced to nanoscale dimensions, maintaining their stability becomes an issue. Unstable magnetic tunnel junctions undergo random switches of the magnetization between their two stable states and thus behave as stochastic oscillators. However, the stochastic nature of these superparamagnetic tunnel junctions is not a liability but an asset which can be used for the implementation of bio-inspired computing schemes. Indeed, our brain has evolved to function in a noisy environment and with unstable components. In this thesis, we show several possible applications of superparamagnetic tunnel junctions.We demonstrate how a superparamagnetic tunnel junction can be frequency and phase-locked to a weak oscillating voltage. Counterintuitively, our experiment shows that this is achieved by injecting noise in the system. We develop a theoretical model to understand this phenomenon and predict that it allows a hundred-fold energy gain over the synchronization of traditional dc-driven spin torque oscillators. Furthermore, we leverage our model to study the synchronization of several coupled junctions. Many theoretical schemes using the synchronization of oscillators to perform cognitive tasks such as pattern recognition and classification have been proposed. Using the noise-induced synchronization of superparamagnetic tunnel junctions would allow implementing these tasks at low energy.We draw an analogy between superparamagnetic tunnel junctions and sensory neurons which fire voltage pulses with random time intervals. Pushing this analogy, we demonstrate that populations of junctions can represent probability distributions and perform Bayesian inference. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interconnected populations can perform computing tasks such as learning, coordinate transformations and sensory fusion. Such a system is realistically implementable and could allow for intelligent sensory processing at low energy cost
Ramdane, Saïd. „Identification automatique de types de formulaires par des méthodes stochastiques markoviennes“. Le Havre, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LEHA0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIdentification of forms is a significant operation of an automatic system of reading. No distinctive sign is supposed to mark the form. The treatment starts with the extraction of the rectangular blocks of texts or rectangles including the drawings or the images. Since the forms include handwritten fields, the position, dimensions of the rectangular blocks present are variable. The phenomena of merging and fragmentation resulting from the segmentation induce an additional variability in the number of the rectangles. This double variability of the rectangles is naturally random. A first statistical method carries out the recognition by the calculation of a distance, which generalizes the Mahalanobis distance. Learning requires taking care of the phenomenon of merging/fragmentation. This statistical model appears to be actually a Markovian stochastic model of order 0. A second stochastic method rests on the construction of planar hidden Markov models (PHMM: Pseudo-2D Hidden Markov Model). We describe in particular a new unsupervised training of the states number by a dynamic aggregation method. The recognition is based on the estimation of the conditional probability calculated by an extension of a doubly imbricated Viterbi algorithm. For the two methods, we sought to make automatic all the phases of the training and the recognition. The experimental results confirm the validity of the two methods
Diouf, Fatou. „Application de méthodes probabilistes à l'analyse des couplages en Compatibilité Ealectromagnétique et contribution à la sûreté de fonctionnement de systèmes électroniques“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21832.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSiohan, Olivier. „Reconnaissance automatique de la parole continue en environnement bruité : Application à des modèles stochastiques de trajectoires“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0290_SIOHAN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiouf, Fatou. „Application de méthodes probabilistes à l'analyse des couplages en Compatibilité électromagnétique et contribution à la sûreté de fonctionnement de systèmes électroniques“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSix, Pierre. „Estimation d'état et de paramètres pour les systèmes quantiques ouverts“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, the scientifical community has succeeded in experimentally building simple quantum systems on which series of measurements are successively acquired along quantum trajectories, without any reinitialization of their state (density operator) by the physicist. The subject of this thesis is to adapt the quantum tomography techniques (state and parameters estimation) to this frame, in order to take into account the feedback of the measurement on the state, the decoherence and experimental imperfections.During the measurement process, the evolution of the quantum state is then governed by a hidden-state Markov process (Belavkin quantum filters). Concerning continuous-time measurements, we begin by showing how to discretize the stochastic master equation, while preserving the positivity and the trace of the quantum state, and so reducing to discrete-time quantum filters. Then, we develop,starting from trajectories of discrete-time measurements, some maximum-likelihood estimation techniques for initial state and parameters. This estimation is coupled with its confidence interval. When it concerns the value of parameters (quantum process tomography), we provide a result of robustness using the formalism of particular filters, and we propose a maximization technique based on the calculus of gradient by adjoint method, which is well adapted to the multi-parametric case. When the estimation concerns the initial state (quantum state tomography), we give an explicit formulation of the likelihood function thanks to the adjoint states, show that its logarithm is a concave function of the initial state and build an intrinsic expression of the variance, obtained from asymptotic developments of Bayesian means, lying on the geometry of the space of density operators.These estimation techniques have been applied and experimentally validated for two types of quantum measurements: discrete-time non-destructive measurements of photons in the group of cavity quantum electro-dynamics of LKB at Collège de France, diffusive measurements of the fluorescence of a supra-conducting qubit in the quantum electronics group of LPA at ENS Paris
Glaude, Hadrien. „Méthodes des moments pour l’inférence de systèmes séquentiels linéaires rationnels“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10107/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLearning stochastic models generating sequences has many applications in natural language processing, speech recognitions or bioinformatics. Multiplicity Automata (MA) are graphical latent variable models that encompass a wide variety of linear systems. In particular, they can model stochastic languages, stochastic processes and controlled processes. Traditional learning algorithms such as the one of Baum-Welch are iterative, slow and may converge to local optima. A recent alternative is to use the Method of Moments (MoM) to design consistent and fast algorithms with pseudo-PAC guarantees. However, MoM-based algorithms have two main disadvantages. First, the PAC guarantees hold only if the size of the learned model corresponds to the size of the target model. Second, although these algorithms learn a function close to the target distribution, most do not ensure it will be a distribution. Thus, a model learned from a finite number of examples may return negative values or values that do not sum to one. This thesis addresses both problems. First, we extend the theoretical guarantees for compressed models, and propose a regularized spectral algorithm that adjusts the size of the model to the data. Then, an application in electronic warfare is proposed to sequence of the dwells of a super-heterodyne receiver. Finally, we design new learning algorithms based on the MoM that do not suffer the problem of negative probabilities. We show for one of them pseudo-PAC guarantees
Anantharaman, Arnaud. „Analyse mathématique de quelques modèles en calcul de structures électroniques et homogénéisation“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558618.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLamblin, Mathieu. „Quantum spintronic energy harvesters“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAE019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuantum engines have attracted extensive research as they give us a glimpse of abundant, dense, and environmentally friendly power sources. This thesis experimentally studies ferromagnetic tunnel junctions containing magnetic impurities which can be used for information storage and energy harvesting.Then, this work proposes three theoretical models that explain the observed energy generation: a microscopic quantum model in which a spin chain is connected to two spin-polarized electronic reservoirs, a phenomenological mesoscopic model based on a non-linear material rectifying the magnetic fluctuations at the interface between two misaligned ferromagnetic electrodes, and an electronic macroscopic model which studies the characteristic of two parallel spin diodes.The concomitant conclusions of those three approaches thus show the possibility of harvesting the magnetic energy between two reservoirs through a microscopic interface
Singh, Kamal Priya. „Etude théorique et expérimentale des résonances stochastiques et interactions entre bruits dans un laser vectoriel bistable : applications à la bascule de Schmitt et à la dynamique du climat“. Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBorrel, Marie. „Interactions entre composants matériel et logiciel de systèmes tolérants aux fautes : caractérisation, formalisation, modélisation : application à la sûreté de fonctionnement du CAUTRA“. Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT025H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKlein, Jacques-Olivier. „Impact des technologies sur les architectures de calcul“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408875.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDurant ma thèse au sein du département AXIS de l'IEF, j'ai étudié les architectures analogiques dédiées à la simulation d'un modèle stochastique de réseau de neurone, du point de vue de sa robustesse, des possibilités de compensation des défauts par apprentissage et des vitesses de simulation. Je montre comment les conclusions de ces travaux m'ont conduit à travailler sur les applications au traitement d'image et plus particulièrement sur des rétines programmables.
Ensuite, j'explique comment j'ai abordé la synthèse logique adaptée aux circuits à parois de domaines magnétiques à l'occasion d'une conversion thématique où j'ai rejoint le département NST de l'IEF. Enfin, je présente les développements récents sur l'utilisation des méthodes d'apprentissage d'inspiration neuronale permettant de donner une fonction à une assemblée de nanocomposants émergents organisée en cross-bar.
Ziegler, Christian. „Sûreté de fonctionnement d'architectures informatiques embarquées sur automobile“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139873.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCogrel, Benjamin. „Sélection contextuelle de services continus pour la robotique ambiante“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1079/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmbient robotics aims at introducing mobile robots in active environments where the latter provide new or alternative functionalities to those shipped by mobile robots. This thesis studies the competition between robot and external functionalities, which is set as a service selection problem. Service selection consists in choosing a service or a combination of services among a set of candidates able to fulfil a given request. To do this, it has to predict and evaluate candidate performances. These performances are based on non-functional requirements such as execution time, cost or noise. This application domain requires tight coordination between some of its functionalities. Tight coordination involves setting data streams between functionalities during their execution. In this proposal, functionalities producing data streams are modelled as continuous services. This new service category requires hierarchical service composition and adds some constraints to the service selection problem. This thesis shows that an important non-functional coupling appears between service instances at different levels, even when data streams are unidirectional. The proposed approach focuses on performance prediction of an high-level service instance given its organigram. This organigram gathers service instances involved in the high-level task processing. The scenario included in this study is the selection of a positioning service involved in a robot navigation high-level service. For a given organigram, performance prediction of an high-level service instance of this scenario has to: (i) be contextual by, for instance, considering moving path towards the required destination, (ii) support service instance replacement after a failure or in an opportunist manner. Consequently, this service selection is set as a sequential decision problem and is formalized as a finite-horizon Markov decision process. Its high contextual dimensionality with respect to robot moving frequency makes direct learning of Q-value functions or transition functions inadequate. The proposed approachre lies on local dynamic models and uses the planned moving path to estimate Q-values of organigrams available in the initial state. This estimation is done using a Monte-Carlo tree search method, Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees