Bücher: „Electron holes“

1

Dobrovolʹskiĭ, V. N. Perenos ėlektronov i dyrok u poverkhnosti poluprovodnikov. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1985.

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2

Gupta, Atam D. The electron-positron theory of the nucleus and the constructive role of black holes and of the neutrino and the antineutrino. [Georgia?]: A.D. Gupta, 1994.

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3

Wim, Schoenmaker, Hrsg. Quantum transport in submicron devices: A theoretical introduction. Berlin: Springer, 2002.

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4

Norbury, John W. Symmetry considerations in the scattering of identical composite bodies. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1986.

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5

Betrayal of popular hopes: Report on the general election in Zanzibar, October 30, 2005. Zanzibar, Tanzania: Office of the Secretary General, Party Headquarters, Civic United Front, 2005.

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6

Casati, Roberto. Holes and other superficialities. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1994.

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7

Isihara, Akira. Electron liquids. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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8

Isihara, Akira. Electron liquids. 2. Aufl. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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9

Isihara, A. Electron liquids. London: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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10

Isihara, A. Electron liquids. 2. Aufl. New York: Springer, 1998.

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11

Sevortʹi︠a︡n, Anna. Shattering hopes: Post-election crackdown in Belarus. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2011.

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12

Administration, Bonneville Power. Lighting options for homes. Portland, OR: Bonneville Power Administration, 1991.

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13

Dymond, Christopher. Oregon solar electric guide: Independent and utility-connected homes. 2. Aufl. Salem, OR: Oregon Office of Energy (625 Marion St. NE, Ste. 1, Salem, 97301-3742), 2003.

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14

M, Conway Kathryn, Hrsg. The lighting pattern book for homes. 2. Aufl. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

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15

Leslie, Russell P. The lighting pattern book for homes. Troy, N.Y: Lighting Research Center, 1993.

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16

Tsounakos, Othōn. Mauro ston Maurogialouro!: Mnēmes kai analōsima ap' holes tis vouleutikes ekloges tēs metapolemikēs periodou. Athēna: Ekdoseis Hēliotropio, 2004.

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17

Miller, Jan. Better homes and gardens better than mom's slow cooker recipes. Des Moines, IA: Meredith Books, 2007.

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18

Jaworowski, Susan. Elected Hawaiian Homes commissioners?: Weighing the options after Rice. Honolulu, Hawaii: Legislative Reference Bureau, 2000.

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19

J, Kenney Patrick, Hrsg. No holds barred: Negativity in U.S. Senate campaigns. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004.

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20

McKinley, Alan D. Home automation: A useful tool for improving the operation of homes. Ottawa: Canadian Automated Buildings Association, 1993.

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21

Evolution as a religion: Strange hopes and stranger fears. London: Routledge, 2003.

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22

Administration, Bonneville Power. Field measurements of the heating efficiency of electric forced-air furnaces in six manufactured homes. Seattle, WA: Ecotope, 1994.

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23

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Celebrated Cases of Sherlock Holmes: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes / Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. London: Octopus Books Limited, 1985.

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24

Conan, Doyle Arthur. Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. 3. Aufl. New York, USA: Barnes & Noble Books, 1999.

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25

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes / The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.

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26

Conan, Doyle Arthur. Selected adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Charlottesville, Va: Core Knowledge Foundation, 1997.

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27

From washboards to washing machines: How homes have changed. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 2012.

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28

Hillman, Ben. That pesky toaster. New York: Hyperion Books for Children, 1995.

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29

Wiring for Canadian homes and cottages: A guide to the CSA Canadian electrical code. Mississauga, ON: Canadian Standards Association, 2004.

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30

No holds barred: The 2012 Connecticut Senate race. Bethesda: Academica Press, 2013.

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31

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Sherlock Holmes Mysteries. New York: Signet Classic, 1987.

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32

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Sherlock Holmes Mysteries. New York, USA: Signet Classics, 2005.

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33

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and the Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. London: Penguin Group UK, 2008.

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34

Glazov, M. M. Hyperfine Interaction of Electron and Nuclear Spins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the key interaction–hyperfine coupling–which underlies most of phenomena in the field of electron and nuclear spin dynamics. This interaction originates from magnetic interaction between the nuclear and electron spins. For conduction band electrons in III–V or II–VI semiconductors, it is reduced to a Fermi contact interaction whose strength is proportional to the probability of finding an electron at the nucleus. A more complex situation is realized for valence band holes where hole Bloch functions vanish at the nuclei. Here the hyperfine interaction is of the dipole–dipole type. The modification of the hyperfine coupling Hamiltonian in nanosystems is also analyzed. The chapter contains also an overview of experimental data aimed at determination of the hyperfine interaction parameters in semiconductors and semiconductor nanostructures.

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35

Glazov, M. M. Electron & Nuclear Spin Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanostructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.001.0001.

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In recent years, the physics community has experienced a revival of interest in spin effects in solid state systems. On one hand, solid state systems, particularly semicon- ductors and semiconductor nanosystems, allow one to perform benchtop studies of quantum and relativistic phenomena. On the other hand, interest is supported by the prospects of realizing spin-based electronics where the electron or nuclear spins can play a role of quantum or classical information carriers. This book aims at rather detailed presentation of multifaceted physics of interacting electron and nuclear spins in semiconductors and, particularly, in semiconductor-based low-dimensional structures. The hyperfine interaction of the charge carrier and nuclear spins increases in nanosystems compared with bulk materials due to localization of electrons and holes and results in the spin exchange between these two systems. It gives rise to beautiful and complex physics occurring in the manybody and nonlinear system of electrons and nuclei in semiconductor nanosystems. As a result, an understanding of the intertwined spin systems of electrons and nuclei is crucial for in-depth studying and control of spin phenomena in semiconductors. The book addresses a number of the most prominent effects taking place in semiconductor nanosystems including hyperfine interaction, nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamical nuclear polarization, spin-Faraday and -Kerr effects, processes of electron spin decoherence and relaxation, effects of electron spin precession mode-locking and frequency focusing, as well as fluctuations of electron and nuclear spins.

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36

A, Andronov A., und Institut prikladnoĭ fiziki (Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR), Hrsg. Submillimetrovye lazery na gori͡a︡chikh dyrkakh v poluprovodnikakh. Gorʹkiĭ: Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR, In-t prikladnoĭ fiziki, 1986.

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37

Opticheskie i kineticheskie ėffekty v neravnovesnykh ėlektronnykh i ėlektron-kolebatelʹnykh sistemakh. Kishinev: "Shtiint͡s︡a", 1986.

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38

Magnus, Wim, und Wim Schoenmaker. Quantum Transport in Sub-Micron Devices. Springer, 2002.

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39

Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Interacting Electron–Hole–Phonon System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0011.

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Chapter 11 employs variational differential techniques and the Schwinger Action Principle to derive coupled-field Green’s function equations for a multi-component system, modeled as an interacting electron-hole-phonon system. The coupled Fermion Green’s function equations involve five interactions (electron-electron, hole-hole, electron-hole, electron-phonon, and hole-phonon). Starting with quantum Hamilton equations of motion for the various electron/hole creation/annihilation operators and their nonequilibrium average/expectation values, variational differentiation with respect to particle sources leads to a chain of coupled Green’s function equations involving differing species of Green’s functions. For example, the 1-electron Green’s function equation is coupled to the 2-electron Green’s function (as earlier), also to the 1-electron/1-hole Green’s function, and to the Green’s function for 1-electron propagation influenced by a nontrivial phonon field. Similar remarks apply to the 1-hole Green’s function equation, and all others. Higher order Green’s function equations are derived by further variational differentiation with respect to sources, yielding additional couplings. Chapter 11 also introduces the 1-phonon Green’s function, emphasizing the role of electron coupling in phonon propagation, leading to dynamic, nonlocal electron screening of the phonon spectrum and hybridization of the ion and electron plasmons, a Bohm-Staver phonon mode, and the Kohn anomaly. Furthermore, the single-electron Green’s function with only phonon coupling can be rewritten, as usual, coupled to the 2-electron Green’s function with an effective time-dependent electron-electron interaction potential mediated by the 1-phonon Green’s function, leading to the polaron as an electron propagating jointly with its induced lattice polarization. An alternative formulation of the coupled Green’s function equations for the electron-hole-phonon model is applied in the development of a generalized shielded potential approximation, analysing its inverse dielectric screening response function and associated hybridized collective modes. A brief discussion of the (theoretical) origin of the exciton-plasmon interaction follows.

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40

Hirohata, A., und J. Y. Kim. Optically Induced and Detected Spin Current. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0006.

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This chapter presents an alternative method of injecting spin-polarized electrons into a nonmagnetic semiconductor through photoexcitation. This method uses circularly-polarized light, whose energy needs to be the same as, or slightly larger than, the semiconductor band-gap, to excite spin-polarized electrons. This process will introduce a spin-polarized electron-hole pair, which can be detected as electrical signals. Such an optically induced spin-polarized current can only be generated in a direct band-gap semiconductor due to the selection rule described in the following sections. This introduction of circularly polarized light can also be used for spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy.

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41

Solymar, L., D. Walsh und R. R. A. Syms. Semiconductors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0008.

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Both intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors are discussed in terms of their band structure. The acceptor and donor energy levels are introduced. Scattering is discussed, from which the conductivity of semiconductors is derived. Some mathematical relations between electron and hole densities are derived. The mobilities of III–V and II–VI compounds and their dependence on impurity concentrations are discussed. Band structures of real and idealized semiconductors are contrasted. Measurements of semiconductor properties are reviewed. Various possibilities for optical excitation of electrons are discussed. The technology of crystal growth and purification are reviewed, in particular, molecular beam epitaxy and metal-organic chemical vapour deposition.

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42

Thygesen, K. S., und A. Rubio. Correlated electron transport in molecular junctions. Herausgegeben von A. V. Narlikar und Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.23.

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This article focuses on correlated electron transport in molecular junctions. More specifically, it considers how electronic correlation effects can be included in transport calculations using many-body perturbation theory within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. The article uses the GW self-energy method (G denotes the Green’s function and W is the screened interaction) which has been successfully applied to describe quasi-particle excitations in periodic solids. It begins by formulating the quantum-transport problem and introducing the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. It then derives an expression for the current within the NEGF formalism that holds for interactions in the central region. It also combines the GW scheme with a Wannier function basis set to study electron transport through two prototypical junctions: a benzene molecule coupled to featureless leads and a hydrogen molecule between two semi-infinite platinum chains. The results are analyzed using a generic two-level model of a molecular junction.

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43

Corder, J. Kevin, und Christina Wolbrecht. Disappointed Hopes? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265144.003.0002.

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How did the first female voters use their ballots? Focusing on the presidential election of 1924—in which Progressive Robert M. La Follette secured 17% of the vote—this chapter examines the expectation that women would be particularly likely to support candidates associated with the Progressive movement. Employing new strategies to estimate women’s vote choice using aggregate data, the findings show that female voters were not uniquely likely to support the Progressive candidate. Rather, in a small number of Republican-dominated midwestern states, female voters were more Republican than men, and men were more Progressive than women, in their voting choices. As a result, the presence of female voters actually stabilized the electorate, reinforcing the Republican advantage in most states and dampening the Progressive surge in the Midwest in particular. The conclusion places these findings in the broader perspective of the nearly one hundred years of female electoral participation that has followed.

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44

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Sherlock Holmes Collection (Electronic Paperback on CDROM). Qvision Publishing, 1998.

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45

Johnson, Dennis W. Campaigns and Elections. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190935580.001.0001.

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Frequent and fair elections, open to all, are fundamental elements of a democracy. The United States, through its local, state, and national contests, holds more elections, more often, than any other democracy in the world. But in recent years, there have been troubling signs that our system of campaigns and elections has become much more fragile than we had previously thought. More specifically, in the past twenty years, campaigns have changed profoundly: social media and viral messaging compete with traditional media, races once considered local in nature have become nationalized, Supreme Court decisions on campaign finance law now encourage mega-donors, voters are more polarized, party affiliation has waned, and the middle ideological ground has given way to extremist language and voter rage. Twice in sixteen years we have seen winning presidential candidates gaining fewer popular votes than their opponents. The fundamental right of every citizen to vote has been impeded by state legislatures demanding tighter access, more identification, and accusations of voter fraud. And we have faced the real threat of foreign influence in our national elections. This book offers the most up-to-date examination of campaigns and elections, including the challenges and opportunities they present. It addresses fundamental questions about who votes in American elections, how legislative districts are reapportioned and why it matters, the realities of voter fraud, the pros and cons of reforming the Electoral College, the impact of dark money on campaigns, and the role of political consultants and specialists, among other topics. Given the fragility of our election process, what are the threats to a healthy American democracy? Do the candidates with the most money always win? This is not simply a book on how campaigns are run, but why campaigns and elections are integral components of American democracy and how those fundamental elements may be vulnerable to misuse.

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46

Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies Were New. Oxford University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195063417.001.0001.

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In the history of electronic communication, the last quarter of the nineteenth century holds a special place, for it was during this period that the telephone, phonograph, electric light, wireless, and cinema were all invented. In When old Technologies Were New, Carolyn Marvin explores how two of these new inventions--the telephone and the electric light--were publicly envisioned at the end of the nineteenth century, as seen in specialized engineering journals and popular media. Marvin pays particular attention to the telephone, describing how it disrupted established social relations, unsettling customary ways of dividing the private person and family from the more public setting of the community. On the lighter side, she describes how people spoke louder when calling long distance, and how they worried about catching contagious diseases over the phone. A particularly powerful chapter deals with telephonic precursors of radio broadcasting--the "Telephone Herald" in New York and the "Telefon Hirmondo" of Hungary--and the conflict between the technological development of broadcasting and the attempt to impose a homogenous, ethnocentric variant of Anglo-Saxon culture on the public. While focusing on the way professionals in the electronics field tried to control the new media, Marvin also illuminates the broader social impact, presenting a wide-ranging, informative, and entertaining account of the early years of electronic media.

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47

Oregon. Dept. of Energy., Hrsg. Oregon solar electric guide: Independent and utility-connected homes. Salem, OR: Oregon Dept. of Energy, 2006.

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48

Glazov, M. M. Strong Coupling of Electron and Nuclear Spins: Outlook and Prospects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.003.0011.

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In this chapter, some prospects in the field of electron and nuclear spin dynamics are outlined. Particular emphasis is put ona situation where the hyperfine interaction is so strong that it leads to a qualitative rearrangement of the energy spectrum resulting in the coherent excitation transfer between the electron and nucleus. The strong coupling between the spin of the charge carrier and of the nucleus is realized, for example in the case of deep impurity centers in semiconductors or in isotopically purified systems. We also discuss the effect of the nuclear spin polaron, that is ordered state, formation at low enough temperatures of nuclear spins, where the orientation of the carrier spin results in alignment of the spins of nucleus interacting with the electron or hole.

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49

Better Homes and Gardens so-easy slow cooker. Des Moines, Iowa: Meredith, 2008.

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50

Glazov, M. M. Electron Spin Relaxation Beyond the Hyperfine Interaction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.003.0008.

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Here, some prospects for future studies in the field of electron and nuclear spin dynamics are outlined. In contrast to previous chapters where the electron interaction with multitude of nuclei was discussed, in Chapter 8 particular emphasis is put on a situation where hyperfine interaction is so strong that it leads to a qualitative rear rangement of the energy spectrum resulting in coherent excitation transfer between electron and nucleus. The strong coupling between the spin of the charge carrier and of the nucleus is realized; e.g., in the case of deep impurity centers in semiconductors or in isotopically purified systems. We also discuss the effect of the nuclear spin polaron; that is, the ordered state, where the carrier spin orientation results in alignment of spins of the nucleus interacting with the electron or hole. Such problems have been briefly discussed in the literature but, in our opinion, call for in-depth investigation.

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