Zeitschriftenartikel: „Electromagnetic measurements“

1

Yell, R. „Electromagnetic measurements“. IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 139, Nr. 5 (1992): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-3.1992.0034.

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2

Jensen, H. D. „Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements“. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 145, Nr. 4 (1998): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19982116.

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3

Henderson, L. C. A. „Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements“. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 147, Nr. 4 (01.07.2000): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20000642.

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4

Henderson, Lesley CA. „Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements“. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 149, Nr. 6 (01.11.2002): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20020766.

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5

Cheney, M., und G. Kristensson. „Optimal Electromagnetic Measurements“. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 15, Nr. 10 (Januar 2001): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939301x01228.

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6

Gradoni, Gabriele, Johannes Russer, Mohd Hafiz Baharuddin, Michael Haider, Peter Russer, Christopher Smartt, Stephen C. Creagh, Gregor Tanner und David W. P. Thomas. „Stochastic electromagnetic field propagation— measurement and modelling“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, Nr. 2134 (29.10.2018): 20170455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0455.

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This paper reviews recent progress in the measurement and modelling of stochastic electromagnetic fields, focusing on propagation approaches based on Wigner functions and the method of moments technique. The respective propagation methods are exemplified by application to measurements of electromagnetic emissions from a stirred, cavity-backed aperture. We discuss early elements of statistical electromagnetics in Heaviside's papers, driven mainly by an analogy of electromagnetic wave propagation with heat transfer. These ideas include concepts of momentum and directionality in the realm of propagation through confined media with irregular boundaries. We then review and extend concepts using Wigner functions to propagate the statistical properties of electromagnetic fields. We discuss in particular how to include polarization in this formalism leading to a Wigner tensor formulation and a relation to an averaged Poynting vector. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.

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Perov, Sergey Yu, und Olga V. Belaya. „Instrumental assessment of mobile communication base station electromagnetic field exposure“. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, Nr. 11 (03.12.2020): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-853-856.

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Introduction. Monitoring and ensuring safe operating conditions of modern base stations for occupational and general public exposure is relevant with the use of methods for measuring electromagnetic fields, which allow to assess the contribution of different sources to the overall level of the electromagnetic background, taking into account the dynamic features of base stations and the spectral electromagnetic characteristics. The aim of study is the levels of electromagnetic fields assessment from modern base stations using broadband and selective measurement methods, as well as the possibility of predicting the worst exposure conditions. Materials and methods. The levels of electromagnetic fields from base stations according to the LTE2600 standard were evaluated at the maximum transmission traffic (laboratory mearements) and at real variable traffic (field measurements). For broadband measurements, the power density (PD) was estimated, for selective measurements, the PD level in the LTE frequency channel (frequency-selective measurements) and the PD level of the reference signal (code-selective measurements) were evaluated. The theoretical maximum PD level was calculated from the maximum value of the reference signal. Results. When simulating the maximum intensity of data traffic, the PD level in the LTE channel was 94.51-101.39% of the calculated maximum value. According to field measurements, the values of electromagnetic field levels obtained from frequency-selective measurements in the LTE frequency channel were less than the corresponding values estimated from the results of broadband measurements, and were no more than 25% of the theoretical maximum. Conclusions. The use of selective approach and measurement methods made it possible to estimate the maximum possible contribution of a single source to the overall level of the electromagnetic background and to predict the worst conditions for human exposure.

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8

Krupka, Jerzy. „Microwave Measurements of Electromagnetic Properties of Materials“. Materials 14, Nr. 17 (06.09.2021): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175097.

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A review of measurement methods of the basic electromagnetic parameters of materials at microwave frequencies is presented. Materials under study include dielectrics, semiconductors, conductors, superconductors, and ferrites. Measurement methods of the complex permittivity, the complex permeability tensor, and the complex conductivity and related parameters, such as resistivity, the sheet resistance, and the ferromagnetic linewidth are considered. For dielectrics and ferrites, the knowledge of their complex permittivity and the complex permeability at microwave frequencies is of practical interest. Microwave measurements allow contactless measurements of their resistivity, conductivity, and sheet resistance. These days contactless conductivity measurements have become more and more important, due to the progress in materials technology and the development of new materials intended for the electronic industry such as graphene, GaN, and SiC. Some of these materials, such as GaN and SiC are not measurable with the four-point probe technique, even if they are conducting. Measurement fixtures that are described in this paper include sections of transmission lines, resonance cavities, and dielectric resonators.

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Miszkiewicz, Andrzej, und Krzysztof Tchórzewski. „Levels of Electromagnetic Fields From Rail Vehicles in the Context of Formal Requirements“. Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, Nr. 187 (Juni 2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1875e.

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The article discusses the issue of electromagnetic field levels emitted from rail vehicles with regard to civil protection. The article presents the lack of legal solutions, limits and research methods in the railway industry in Poland. It also depicts the initial results of measurements from rail vehicles. Based on the findings, taking into consideration the measurement results and suppression of electromagnetic waves in free space, electromagnetic fields may reach substantial levels which can affect people’s health and life. The authors of the article conclude that the problem should not be ignored and requires further research, bearing in mind the progressing saturation of all rail vehicles with devices and electronic systems which will serve as sources of electromagnetic fields. Keywords: electromagnetic fields, civil protection, measurements

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Budnarowska, Magdalena, und Jerzy Mizeraczyk. „Use of the waveguide technique to measure the electromagnetic parameters of materials“. Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University, Nr. 115 (30.09.2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26408/115.01.

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The paper presents and discusses selected simulation and measurement possibilities of an upgraded waveguide measuring stand for testing electromagnetic properties of selected materials (including metamaterials), based on the microwave propagation technique. The stand is equipped with the CST Studio Suite software, which enables modeling and simulation of broadly defined electromagnetic interactions, and the N1500A Materials Measurement Suite module for processing the results of measurements of electromagnetic properties of materials.

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Shakil, A. „Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements and techniques“. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 151, Nr. 5 (01.09.2004): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20041055.

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12

Shimoda, K. „Atoms in precision electromagnetic measurements“. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 38, Nr. 2 (April 1989): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.192262.

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13

Ma, M. T., und G. H. Koepke. „Measurements of unintentional electromagnetic emissions“. Proceedings of the IEEE 74, Nr. 1 (1986): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13414.

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14

Kanda, M., E. B. Larsen, M. Borsero, P. G. Galliano, I. Yokoshima und N. S. Nahman. „Standards for electromagnetic field measurements“. Proceedings of the IEEE 74, Nr. 1 (1986): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13418.

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15

Prather, William D., Jory Cafferky, Lenny Ortiz und Jay Anderson. „CW Measurements of Electromagnetic Shields“. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 55, Nr. 3 (Juni 2013): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2012.2237553.

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16

Braun, S., A. Frech und P. Russer. „Measurement of electromagnetic interference in time-domain“. Advances in Radio Science 6 (26.05.2008): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-311-2008.

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Abstract. Time-domain EMI measurement systems allow measurement time to be reduced by several orders of magnitude. In this paper a novel real-time operating time-domain EMI measurement system is presented. By the use of several analog-to-digital converters the dynamic range requested by the international EMC standards is achieved. A real-time operating digital signal processing unit is presented. The frequency band that is investigated is subdivided into several sub-bands. A novel implementation of the 9 kHz IF filter for the frequency 150 kHz to 1 GHz is presented. By this way the measurement time has been reduced by a factor of 8000 in comparison to conventional EMI receivers. During emission measurements performed with a modelled IF-bandwidth of 9 kHz the noise floor is decreased to −19 dBµV in the average detector mode by the implemented low noise power splitter. Measurements have been performed with the improved measurement system in the frequency range 30 MHz–1 GHz.

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Ge, Liang, Junxian Chen, Guiyun Tian, Wen Zeng, Qi Huang und Ze Hu. „Study on a New Electromagnetic Flow Measurement Technology Based on Differential Correlation Detection“. Sensors 20, Nr. 9 (28.04.2020): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092489.

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Under the conditions of low flow rate and strong noise, the current electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) cannot satisfy the requirement for measurement or separate the actual flow signal and interference signal accurately. Correlation detection technology can reduce the bandwidth and suppress noise effectively using the periodic transmission of signal and noise randomness. As for the problem that the current anti-interference technology cannot suppress noise effectively, the noise and interference of the electromagnetic flowmeter were analyzed in this paper, and a design of the electromagnetic flowmeter based on differential correlation detection was proposed. Then, in order to verify the feasibility of the electromagnetic flow measurement system based on differential correlation, an experimental platform for the comparison between standard flow and measured flow was established and a verification experiment was carried out under special conditions and with flow calibration measurements. Finally, the data obtained in the experiment were analyzed. The research result showed that an electromagnetic flowmeter based on differential correlation detection satisfies the need for measurement completely. The lower limit of the flow rate of the electromagnetic flowmeter based on the differential correlation principle could reach 0.084 m/s. Under strong external interferences, the electromagnetic flowmeter based on differential correlation had a fluctuation range in output value of only 10 mV. This shows that the electromagnetic flowmeter based on the differential correlation principle has unique advantages in measurements taken under the conditions of strong noise, slurry flow, and low flow rate.

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Baratov, Rustam, und Almardon Mustafoqulov. „Smart angular displacement sensor for agricultural field robot manipulators“. E3S Web of Conferences 386 (2023): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338603008.

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This study presents the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor and its technical characteristics. The existing electromagnetic angular displacement sensors have been thoroughly analyzed and compared with other types of sensors. The reason for the low sensitivity of the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor has been investigated and some technical modification to the existing sensor has been made. The magnetic circuits of the electromagnetic sensors have been analyzed. A method is proposed for expanding the range of angular measurements up to 180 degrees and increasing the sensitivity of the electromagnetic sensor without compromising the measurement accuracy. This, in turn, allows high-precision control and measurement of rotating mechanisms of all types of mechatronic systems and agricultural robots.

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Xiao, Meng, und Ying Ying Li. „The Measurements and Countermeasures of Electromagnetic Compatibility in CNC System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (Februar 2013): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.489.

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Because CNC systems are usually used in industrial sites, their immunity measurements are very important, this paper introduced how to perform the measurement of electrostatic discharge immunity, surge immunity, electrical fast transient burst immunity and voltage dips and short interruptions immunity. According to experience, it is not so easy to pass the measurements, this paper detailed suitable devices or other countermeasures to solve the problems in order to pass the four measurement items mentioned above.

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Kwiatkowski, Bogdan, Jacek Bartman und Paweł Krutys. „The impact of mutual position of joints that generate a bipolar field on the decay of the components of the electromagnetic field’s vector“. ITM Web of Conferences 21 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182100021.

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In the article the influence of mutual position of the upper joint in relation to the lower one on the decay of the electromagnetic field was presented. Moreover, the indirect measurement method was depicted, by means of which the measurements were taken on the surface of the contact circuit. This method enables the simultaneous measurement of all the components of the vector of the electromagnetic field.

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Zhou, Zhao Ming, Fu Wan, Lei Wang, Zhang Hua Lian und Yong Chen. „EMAT for Coiled-Tubing Wall Thickness and Ovality Measuring“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1903.

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This paper presents a new wall thickness and ovality measuring method engineered for reliable field use. This paper describes the electromagnetic ultrasonic technique in coiled tubing detection. This paper describes requirements for Coiled Tubing specifications, which measuring different parameters, some of which include diameter, ovality, and wall thickness. This method not only thickness measurements but also ovality measuring will be made. This article discusses the electromagnetic ultrasonic thickness measurement of the system components, and experimental tests have shown. Ovality measurement sensor layout is designed. This paper discusses the development of this new methods, this system is suitable for non-contact, real-time, on-line high-speed data measurements.

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MALICKA, Marzena, und Mateusz MALICKI. „MEASUREMENT OF THE INTENSITY OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF THE RADIO WAVE EMITTED BY SELECTED MOBILE PHONES“. Physics for Economy 1, Nr. 1 (25.11.2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rf.2017.pfe.3.

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We are constantly watching the growth of mobile phone users around the world. This causes interest in the issue of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body. The sources of electromagnetic fields are among others mobile telephony. Mobile telephony consists of two basic elements: telephones (terminals) and base stations. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) means the unit of amount of radiofrequency energy absorbed by the human body when using a mobile phone. The aim of the study was to measure the intensity of the electric field of the radio wave emitted by selected mobile phones. The measurements were carried out in the Radiation Measurement Laboratory at the Provincial Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Rzeszów. Measurements were made for devices operating in different data transmission systems operating in certain frequency bands. The electric field of the electromagnetic field was measured using an wide field electromagnetic field measuring device type NBM-550 No. B-0240 with EF-1891 type probe. Measurements were made for devices with switched on and off data transmission at the time of receipt and during signaling. In the following sections describe mobile telephony and the basic characteristics of the mobile phone technology. The last part presents the way of making measurements and presentation of results.

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Szymaniec, Sławomir, Sławomir Szymocha und Łukasz Miszuda. „THE CONCEPT OF A FLYING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD MEASURING PLATFORM“. Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 9, Nr. 4 (15.12.2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.27.

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Nowadays, humans are surrounded by more and more devices that artificially generate an electromagnetic field. According to law, supervision of the level of the electromagnetic field requires specific measurements. Measurement performed by traditional methods have several limitations, which come from the infrastructure and time taken to perform the measurement. New methods of measurement are being developed in order to execute the research relatively quickly and repeatedly without any limitations. One of the methods is to use a flying mobile measurement platform.

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Pham, Hoang Duc, Katja Tüting und Heyno Garbe. „Calculations of electromagnetic fields in longitudinal irregular TEM-cells“. Advances in Radio Science 19 (17.12.2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-49-2021.

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Abstract. TEM-cells can be used as a standardized field generator for field probe calibration purposes or electromagnetic compatibility measurements. Because of its practical use as a measurement environment, the electromagnetic behavior over a broad range of frequencies is essential. However, without the understanding of wave reflection, mode-conversion, and attenuation, using such a measurement environment is impractical. In this contribution, we calculate the electromagnetic fields in a longitudinal irregular coaxial TEM-cell. Using a semi-analytical approach, we can determine these wave characteristics. The method is based on the projection of Maxwell's equations onto eigenfunctions. This work's primary objective is to examine the effect of irregular deformed boundaries on the electromagnetic field and the resonance frequencies.

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Iwasaki, Takashi. „Measurements on Electromagnetic Scattering and Absorption“. IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 117, Nr. 5 (1997): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.117.5_450.

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Piper, Scott W., und James Teune. „Verifying Electromagnetic Simulation Results with Measurements“. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems 5, Nr. 1 (16.04.2012): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1160.

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27

Kanda, M. „Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements“. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 41, Nr. 10 (1993): 1349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.247775.

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Aumann, T., J. V. Kratz, E. Stiel, K. Sümmerer, W. Brüchle, M. Schädel, G. Wirth, M. Fauerbach und J. C. Hill. „Inclusive measurements of electromagnetic dissociation ofAu197targets“. Physical Review C 47, Nr. 4 (01.04.1993): 1728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.47.1728.

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Sattel, Daniel, und James Macnae. „The feasibility of electromagnetic gradiometer measurements“. Geophysical Prospecting 49, Nr. 3 (Mai 2001): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00244.x.

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Jourdan, J. „Measurements of neutron electromagnetic form factors“. Nuclear Physics A 654, Nr. 1 (Juli 1999): 513c—516c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(00)88490-0.

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Nahman, Norris S., Motohisa Kanda, Ezra B. Larsen und Myron L. Crawford. „Methodology for Standard Electromagnetic Field Measurements“. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IM-34, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1985): 490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.1985.4315390.

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Coburn, W. O., C. Le, D. J. DeTroye, G. E. Blair und W. Williams. „Electromagnetic field measurements near a railgun“. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 31, Nr. 1 (Januar 1995): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.364608.

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Knafl, Urs, Hugo Lehmann und Markus Riederer. „Electromagnetic field measurements using personal exposimeters“. Bioelectromagnetics 29, Nr. 2 (2008): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.20373.

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Ershov, A. P. „On Electromagnetic Measurements of Particle Velocity“. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 59, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2023): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508223050076.

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Griffo, G., und P. Vergallo. „Measurements through Rectenna System“. International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 3, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2013): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2013100102.

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In this paper a rectenna system for wireless transmission of power is presented, describing the correlated tools for the measurement of electromagnetic fields, in order to optimize the system. The first part is dedicated to the benefits of the currently used systems based on rectenna technology as alternative to the traditional supply systems. After, the diverse structures of rectenna system and their operating modes are discussed. The major parameters of interest for a performance analysis of the rectenna, and the most appropriate tools for a correct measurement of the radiated and absorbed electromagnetic field by the rectenna are reported too.

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Reskiyati, Reskiyati, Anis Nisma Yanti, Sitti Rugayya, Kasman Kasman, Hosiana MD Labania, Badaruddin Badaruddin und Agung Danu Wijaya. „Distribution of Electromagnetic Radiation on Television“. Sainstek : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 15, Nr. 2 (31.12.2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/js.v15i2.10511.

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Electromagnetic radiation on television has been analyzed. The aim is to create a radiation distribution pattern and compare the electromagnetic radiation of Tube television and LED television. In this study, radiation measurements using an electromagnetic radiation sensor. Radiation exposure dose measurements were carried out at 25 measurement points in the television room, namely 5 points each on the track and 1 point in the center of the radiation source. The data processing method uses Scilab to create radiation distribution patterns. The results of data processing showed that the largest radiation exposure dose was on line C (in front of television) for 60 minutes. The radiation value of Tube television is greater than the radiation value of LED television. The isodose contour shows the radiation exposure dose value of 0 at a distance of 2.5 m from the TV, which is the safe limit for watching.

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Mann, M., H. Brüggemeyer und P. Weiß. „Verification of Electromagnetic Field Measurements via Inter-laboratory Comparison Measurements“. Advances in Radio Science 3 (12.05.2005): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-83-2005.

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Abstract. An inter-laboratory comparison of field strength measurements was conducted in order to verify the comparability of high-frequency electromagnetic field measurements. For this purpose, 17 participating teams hosted by the working group "procedures of exposure determination" of the LAI (Länderausschuss für Immissionsschutz, state committee on immission control) determined the field strength at given stations around a hospital situation. At those stations very different signals were generated, such as sine wave signals at 27MHz and 433MHz, signals from a diathermy device in Continuous-Wave (CW) and Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) mode, from a GSM base station at 900MHz and 1800MHz, from a UMTS base station, from a babyphone device and from a DECT cordless phone. This contribution describes the evaluation of the measured values and the approach to the computation of a reference value. Considering various sources of electromagnetic fields in the areas of personal safety at work and of immission control, the most important results are presented and the conclusions drawn are discussed.

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Slimani, H., A. Zeghoudi, A. Bendaoud und S. Bechekir. „Experimental evaluation of conducted disturbances induced during high frequency switching of active components“. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, Nr. 5 (21.08.2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.5.04.

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Introduction. Power electronics devices are among the most widely used equipment in all fields. The increasing performance of these devices makes their electromagnetic interference factor very important. On the other hand, electromagnetic compatibility research is more and more interested in studies on the sources of electromagnetic disturbances, their propagation paths and the methods of reducing these electromagnetic disturbances. The purpose is to study the behavior of the various active power components at high frequency as well as the evaluation of their electromagnetic noise by using simulation and experimental measurement. Methods. In first time, the simulation was realized with the Lt-spice software which presents many advantages in its use and we validate in the second time the results obtained with experimental measurements. We start by study of the behavior of the diode, then the behavior of MOSFET transistor and finally the study of the behavior of the IGBT transistor. Results. All the simulations were performed using the Lt-spice software and the results obtained are validated by experimental measurements performed in the APELEC Laboratory at the University of Sidi Bel-Abbes in Algeria. The waveforms of the current and voltage across each component during its opening are presented. The results of the simulations are compared and validated with the realized measurements in order to better present the influence of the fast switching of semiconductors on the electrical quantities, which causes electromagnetic disturbances in the interconnected electrical system.

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Vasylieva, Olena, und Pavel Neyezhmakov. „Metrological traceability of the results of testing for electromagnetic compatibility in accordance with the NATO standards“. Ukrainian Metrological Journal, Nr. 2 (05.07.2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286707.

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Ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of special-purpose equipment used in a complex saturated radio frequency environment requires testing in accordance with procedures that guarantee a valid verification of its immunity to external electromagnetic fields. The paper presents the national measurement standards and equipment used at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” for the NRE02, NRE03 and NRS02 testing in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard. It is shown how metrological traceability to the SI units of the measurement results is ensured during tests. The paper presents the results of evaluating the uncertainty of the results of measurements of the electromagnetic field strength using the NARDA-550 meter for the frequency ranges of 10 kHz – 1 GHz when using the GTEM chamber, and for the frequency ranges of 1-43 GHz when using the anechoic chamber. The studies have proven that the measurement uncertainties, when calibrating the antenna in the anechoic chamber, and the uneven distribution of the electromagnetic field in the GTEM chamber are the most critical. The obtained results of the uncertainty evaluation of the NARDA-550 calibration coefficient are used for high-precision measurements of radio frequency signals both at emission and being exposed to electromagnetic fields when the disturbances have limit values as regards the provisions of these standards. These results with a discrepancy of no more than 0.05 dB confirm the characteristics of the device provided by the manufacturer. It is shown that the set of national measurement standards and test equipment of the NSC “Institute of Metrology” allows testing special equipment for electromagnetic compatibility according to the NATO standards with the required accuracy.

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Lipinski, Piotr, und Marcin Leplawy. „WiFi Electromagnetic Field Modelling for Indoor Localization“. Open Physics 17, Nr. 1 (14.08.2019): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0039.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to develop simplified model for WiFi electromagnetic field propagation. The model can be used in preliminary estimation of WiFi transmitter localization for the purpose of WiFi-based indoor localization. It can be particularly useful when designing structural networks.We have developed a simplified linear model of WiFi electromagnetic field modelling and compared it with the most commonly used, more sophisticated models and with measurement results which were carried out in the laboratory. As demonstrated by the results of measurements conducted using various hardware, the accuracy of this simplified model introduced is similar to the commonly used models, but the number of parameters is lower. Therefore, our model easier to implement in real life conditions. The model presented in this paper enables WiFi electromagnetic field modelling when the exact values of propagation parameters and transmitter characteristics is unknown. This is usually the case at the early stage of structural network design,when exact parameters of building construction materials are not known. As the model is very simple, it does not require much effort to deploy, while its accuracy is sufficient for preliminary WiFi transmitter localization. Simplified models of WiFi electromagnetic field propagation are known, but no comparative research combined with measurements has been done in this field. This paper provides a comparison of different electromagnetic field models which can be applied to WiFi electromagnetic field propagation together with measurement results.

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Ivanov, A. V., und S. R. Kopylova. „FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF SIDE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF BROADBAND SIGNALS ON THE EXAMPLE OF DISPLAYPORT INTERFACE“. DYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS, MECHANISMS AND MACHINES 11, Nr. 4 (2023): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2310-9793-2023-11-4-109-114.

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The article deals with the technical channel of information leakage due to the side electromagnetic radiation of broadband signals on the example of DisplayPort interface. The peculiarities of detection and measurement of side electromagnetic radiation of broadband signals of modern digital interface - DisplayPort are briefly outlined. The architecture of DisplayPort interface is considered and its peculiarities are revealed. The laboratory stand with the help of which practical research on detection and measurement of side electromagnetic radiation of broadband signals on the example of DisplayPort interface is described in detail. According to the results of measurements the conclusion is made about the correctness of the DisplayPort interface research assumptions.

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Buzdugan, Mircea. „Considerations about the measurement of electromagnetic emissions“. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, Nr. 1 (Juli 2023): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.241.

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he main goal of the paper is to present procedures and analysis of the measurement that must be performed and the compulsory results to obtain compliance with conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions. After the introductory section which outlines generalities related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the second section focuses on the dichotomy between near-field and far-field, present in two important zones where electromagnetic phenomena are totally different, which however are not well enough highlighted in the specific EMC standards. The third section is devoted to emission measurements that must be performed in different electromagnetic environments and for different types of equipment depicted in the specific standards in force. As an example, the case of electromagnetic emissions produced by a household gas thermal power unit is presented.

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Brill, Thilo M., Pavel Shaposhnikov, Dirk Valstar und Kamaljeet Singh. „Well integrity evaluation using acoustic and electromagnetic measurements“. Leading Edge 41, Nr. 2 (Februar 2022): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle41020122.1.

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The evaluation of downhole well integrity is an important business for the oil and gas industry. It is driven primarily by the need to optimize production while maintaining a safe environment despite the inexorable corrosion of casing strings and other harsh downhole conditions. Furthermore, with aging infrastructure, evaluating well integrity to plan plug and abandonment or slot recovery projects is critically important. Many technologies have been developed to address the challenges of evaluating casing and cement integrity under varied downhole conditions. These technologies are necessarily growing increasingly more sophisticated to meet the requirements of evaluating multiple cemented casing strings. In particular, wireline cased-hole logging techniques based on electromagnetic (EM) and acoustic techniques have been applied to casing corrosion and cement integrity evaluation. The acoustic measurement techniques deployed for well integrity evaluation typically include the sonic frequency range of tens of kilohertz up to the ultrasonic frequency range of megahertz. The frequency ranges are appropriate for characteristic resolutions of decimeters down to millimeters for sonic and ultrasonic measurements, respectively. These techniques are sensitive to the elastic properties of materials in the well completion and crucial for assessing zonal isolation. In the domain of evaluating corrosion in one or multiple casing strings, the traditional measurement approach uses EM techniques, which are sensitive to the metal thickness, the electrical conductivity (the inverse of electrical resistivity), and the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic pipes. The spectrum of common EM casing inspection techniques encompasses a frequency range between quasi-static (direct current) up to about 100 kHz. More recently, transient EM or pulsed-field eddy current tools have been introduced. Specific physics and challenges associated with well integrity measurements must be understood and considered in existing and emerging technology solutions.

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Michałowska, Joanna, Łukasz Puzio, Arkadiusz Tofil und Jarosław Pytka. „Measuring Exposure to High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Experienced by a Helicopter Crew During Flight“. Transactions on Aerospace Research 2022, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2022-0004.

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Abstract High-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) can have a negative effect on both the human body and electronic devices. Monitoring and measurement of the electromagnetic field generated by devices is important from the point of view of environmental protection, the human body and electromagnetic compatibility. In this study, we tested the value of the electromagnetic field strength determined by the NHT3DL by Microrad with measurement probes during flights in the Robinson R44 helicopter. The reference point for the results obtained were the normative limits of the electromagnetic field permitted to affect the crew and passengers during flight. The maximum RMS values recorded during the measurements were E = 4.399 V/m in the 100 kHz–6.5 GHz frequency band and for the magnetic component H = 2.829 A/m in the 300 kHz–30 MHz frequency band. These results were passed to the Statistica 13.3 software for a detailed stochastic analysis of the values tested.

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Zhang, Pi Cui, Wei He, Liu Ling Wang und Li Feng Ma. „Analysis on Lightning Electromagnetic Fields“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.350.

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t is generally needed to know precisely spatial distribution of lightning electromagnetic fields in the lightning protection measurements. Therefore, the research on the lightning electromagnetic field is of practical significance. In this paper, the Maxwell equations were used to calculate and analyze the spatial distribution of lightning electromagnetic fields surrounding lightning current. And the expressions of lightning current electromagnetic fields were deduced under the assumption that the earth was under the condition of perfect conductor. The spatial distributions of the components of lightning electromagnetic fields have been plotted by Matlab. The results would provide fundamental theory for the research of lightning electromagnetic field and lightning protection measurements.

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Krug, F., S. Braun und P. Russer. „A novel quasi-peak-detector for time-domain EMI-measurements“. Advances in Radio Science 2 (27.05.2005): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-2-27-2004.

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Abstract. In this paper, an advanced ultra-fast, broadband time domain EMI measurement system is described. Measurements were performed in the 30–1000MHz range. The digital signal processing of EMI measurements allows to emulate in real-time the modes of conventional analogous equipment, e.g. Peak-, Average-, RMS- and Quasi-Peak- Detector. With the presented time domain measurement system the measurement time can be reduced by a factor of 10. A novel signal recording routine for time-domain EMI (TDEMI) measurements and Quasi-Peak-Detection is described. Measurement results obtained from the investigation of a drillmachine, monitor and laptop obtained with the timedomain electromagnetic interference (TDEMI) measurement system are discussed. The results obtained with the described system have been compared with measurements performed with a conventional EMI receiver.

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Vulević, Branislav, Ljubiša Čičkarić, Saša Milić und Mirjana Marčeta. „Interlaboratory testing for broadband electromagnetic field measurements“. Tehnika 73, Nr. 2 (2018): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1802239v.

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48

AL-RUWAIS, ABDULAZIZ. „Electromagnetic Field Measurements near Macrocellular Base Stations“. Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences 13, Nr. 1 (2001): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.13-1.8.

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49

Goldfarb, Ron B. „Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2020)“. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3083904.

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50

Mandaris, Dwi, Hutomo Wahyu Nugroho, Yoppy Yoppy, Tyas Ari Wahyu, Elvina Trivida und Yudhistira Yudhistira. „Electromagnetic Test Environments Analysis for EMI Measurements“. Instrumentasi 45, Nr. 1 (27.07.2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/instrumentasi.v45i1.240.

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