Dissertationen zum Thema „Électrocinétiques“
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Allègre, Vincent. „Couplages électrocinétiques en milieux poreux non-saturés“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFiorentino, Eve-Agnès. „Phénomènes électrocinétiques et transport multiphasique en milieux poreux“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe electrokinetic coefficient is simulated in a large range of salinities using the Lattice Boltzmann method in a 2-D channel. The effect of permittivity and viscosity is discussed. The validity of the Helmholtz Smoluchowski equation using strong zeta potentials is assessed. A model of bulk fluid conductivity is derived, taking into account the local variations of conductivity which have a significant impact in the presence of polyvalent counterions. Extended to unsaturated conditions, the model shows that the electrical charge density associated to the air-water interface is a key component. The coefficient shows a non monotonous behaviour, with an enhancement compared to the saturated state. The magnitude of this enhancement depends on the dynamic state of the bubbles, moving or entrapped. The multiphase transport aspect is associated to a numerical study of the influence of the sample geometry on the measurement of the capillary pressure / saturation relationships used in hydrology
Grimaud, Pierre-Olivier. „Ecoulements et phénomènes électrocinétiques dans les milieux poreux“. Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBOTTINEAU, THIERRY. „Altération hydrothermale et phénomènes électrocinétiques en milieux poreux“. Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKrajian, Hour. „Les liquides ioniques : nouveaux milieux pour les techniques électrocinétiques miniaturisées ? Applications“. Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work takes its place in the application of «Green Chemistry» in Separation Sciences. Indeed, the Ionic liquids represent a new generation in the family of green solvents with their unique physicochemical properties and they appear particularly well adapted to the electrokinetic techniques. Thus, we intended to test the potentialities of original Ionic Liquids based on phenylcholine and ethylcholine respectively, as new mediums in this context by Capillary Electrophoresis. Two sets of themes were envisaged: the first was related to the analysis of alkaline and alkaline-earth cations by Capillary Electrophoresis, with indirect UV detection, the Ionic Liquid played simultaneously the role of the running electrolyte and the chromophore, generating the background signal. While the second was referred to the study of the enantioseparations of original binaphthols atropisomers, in Capillary Electrophoresis by means of cyclodextrins (CD-CZE), in presence or not of chiral ionic liquids
Ammami, Mohamed Tahar. „Contribution à l’étude des processus électrocinétiques appliqués aux sédiments de dragage“. Thesis, Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe works presented in this thesis focuse on the contribution to the study of electrokinetic processes applied to the dredged sediments. Two aspects have been studied ; the first one deals with the preprocessing phase and develops the dewatering process, while the second aspect is devoted toe electroremediation. Dewatering dredged sediments by electrokinetics appears as a promising technique. In this framework, tests were performed under various conditions to provide a general understanding of the behaviour of the sediment subjected to a single electric field or combined with a mechanical stresses, and also to assess the performance of the dehydratation with particular emphasis on the determination of physicochemical parameters. Subsequently, studies were conducted to assess the potential of the Electrokinetic process on a dredged-contaminated sediment using additives with well-defined chemical properties. In order to target the two types of organic and inorganic contaminants, it was interesting to combine the advantages of several types of additives. For example, combining an acid with a surfactant can improve the electroremediation process. The improvement of this process can also be carried regarding to the economic aspect through two parameters; energy consumption with the periodic voltage treatment and the concentration of the additive. Therefore this electroremediation technique combines the advantage of being more competitive and efficient for several elements (organic and inorganic) present in the solid matrix
Hocine, Sarah. „Adsorption des cations alcalins et phénomènes électrocinétiques sur les surfaces de silices chargéess“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT193/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn confined structures, such as mesoporous silica, the mobility of the cations and the surface/cations interactions are key phenomena. They drive adsorption properties, which control numerous applications, especially for extraction and separation. This modelling work describes equilibrium and transport interface properties that control ion exchange and ionic adsorption. The physical and chemical properties of adsorption processes of alkali cations at the surface of charged silica is studied thanks to a multiscale approach based on a molecular description. The systematic study of alkali serie (Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+) has been studied to that goal. The theoretical framework is Mc Millan-Mayer theory. The latter, which is known to be of fundamental significance for bulk solutions is found to be also relevant for confined media. The mean force potential of Mc Millan-Mayer between ions and surface sites has been calculated by Umbrella Sampling associated to the WHAM algorithm. The most important phenomenon we identified corresponds to the existence of Contact Ion Pairs (CIP) between the surface oxygen and the cations, without separating solvent molecules. The CIP correspond to the first minima in the potential curves if the associated energy is more than the thermal agitation (kT). For small ions (lithium) this surface complex is especially stable, adsorption constant and residence time being particularly high so that the direct molecular simulations are very difficult. A selectivity inversion has been observed between silanolates and siloxanes. Adsorption is different for kosmotropic ions (as Li+) which has to be dehydrated to be adsorbed and chaotropic ions (as Cs+) for which the solvent bound is weaker. Adsorption constants for sites of the same nature are not equal. The study of the electrokinetic phenomena (electro-osmosis and surface conductivity) has also been performed by comparing the classical descriptions (Poisson-Boltzmann, Smoluchowski, and Bikerman models) to molecular simulations. The traditional picture of the interface with several layers (inner and outer Helmholtz, Stern and Gouy-Chapman layers, shear plane) is found to be replaced by a simpler but more efficient model. For the ions, two domains are obtained: (i) CIPs, firmly bound to the surface that transmit the electrical force to the solid (and not the fluid) (ii) other ions that are globally free that transmit the electric force to the fluid. No space dependent viscosity or dielectric constant have been obtained. On the other hand, a decrease of ion mobility in the vicinity of the surface has been observed. This phenomenon can be quantitatively understood as a hydrodynamic effect that comes from the solid surface, which hinders the backflow of the solvent. This work allows a better characterization of charged glass-solution interfaces for separation science. It shows how molecular simulations can not only predict the parameters of macroscopic models (adsorption constant, transport coefficients), but also modify the latters in order to make them in agreement with molecular descriptions. Such a strategy can be extended to more complex systems, such as models of grafted surfaces
Lucas, Ivan. „Réactivité de nanoparticules aux interfaces chargée:Phénomènes électrocinétiques à l'échelle nanométriqueTransfert électronique en milieu colloïdal“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200446.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaulnier, Patrick. „Contribution à l'étude des propriétés électrocinétiques de bulles de gaz maintenues dans des solutions aqueuses“. Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStone-Masui, Jeannine. „Effets électrovisqueux, phénomènes électrocinétiques :conductance de surface de latex de polystyrène à particules spériques et homéodisperses“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211772.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarceau, Pascal. „Les techniques électrocinétiques appliquées à la dépollution des métaux lourds dans les sols : application au cadmium“. Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe present the actual knowledge of the electrokinetic remediation theory. A bibliographic study shows that the laboratory tests are more common than the field tests. Studied pollutants are heavy metals and organic products. We realised our electroremediation experiments with two Cd-spiked clayey materials. The composition of the materials is about 40 % of silica powder and 50 % of phyllosilicates, with nearly exclusively kaolinite for the first one and 75 % of kaolinite, plus 20 % of chlorite for the second one. We realised 6 cell tests with each material, with a current density of 0. 1 mA/cm2 and 0. 3 rnA/cm2. During the experiments without a catholyte pH control, Cd precipitated in the soil giving hydroxides complex. A catholyte pH near 3 allowed the Cd extraction from the soil. The removal rates vary from 91 % to 99 %. Two pilot-scale studies, a monolayer test and a bilayer test, with a current density of 0. 3 mA/cm2 were conducted. The catholyte pH was controlled to allow Cd extraction from the sediment. The remediation rate reached 98. 5 % for the monolayer test. During the bilayer test, a zone was progressively ignored by the electrokinetic treatment. In that zone, the final Cd concentrations were high, whereas everywhere else they were almost the same as the monolayer's. The final extraction rate was 88 %. In order to simulate the cell tests, a numerical model was written. The results give a good adequation with the experiments. The simulations show us that the time to extract a given Cd quantity from the soil is inversely proportional to the current density, the other parameters being constant
Lucas, Ivan. „Réactivité de nanoparticules aux interfaces chargées : phénomènes électrocinétiques à l'échelle nanométrique : transfert électronique en milieu colloïdal“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOgbi, Abdellah. „Modélisation de l'interaction champ électrique-particules diélectriques entre effets électromécaniques et aspects électrocinétiques : application aux cellules biologiques“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we investigate about the interaction between electrical fields and dielectric particles in the dielectrophoretic phenomena, in theorical and numerical ways. The long-term application are related to electromanipulation and caracterisation of biological cells. Understanding these phenomena requires a complete modeling of polarization mechanisms governing the field-particle interaction and implements electromechanical and electrokinetic models. After introducing the necessary concepts and phenomena, we address polarization modeling using potential theory and suggest an approach for a numerical determination of polarization coefficients. We show that if the multipolar expansion can be reduced to the first order for the case of a spherical particle immersed in a uniform field, the higher orders are needed for nonspherical particles. We show also how a homogenization process allows the study of multilayered particles configurations using this approach. As part of the electromechanical study of dielectrophoretic phenomena, we implement the multipolar approach for two applications numerically treated. We show the relevance of this approach to calculate the force and torque exerted on a particle in situations where the applied field has strong non-uniformities, where the classical dipole approach turn out to be much less efficient. The particle and the suspending medium are in reality two media in contact but not independent as some electrokinetic phenomena occur at the interface. These interfacial effects are addressed in order to be taken into account in the electrorotation phenomenon of a biological cell. The model dealing with the whole problem of a charged spherical particle immersed in a suspension medium and subjected to a rotating field and taking into account the electroosmotic effects is treated. The resolution of the corresponding coupled problem using the finite element method shows the relevance of this approach
Pontié, Maxime. „Phénomènes électrocinétiques et transferts ioniques dans les membranes poreuses à faibles seuils de coupure : application au traitement des eaux saumâtres“. Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR4016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleForogo, Banambono Wilfried. „Migration des ions dans un milieu poreux saturé sous l'effet d'un champ électrique : application à la dépollution de sédiments fins par des géocomposites électrocinétiques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis work concerns the study of the effect of the electric field on the migration of trace metal in dredged sediments from navigable waterways, by the phenomena of electroosmosis and electrokinetic. First, the influence of the texture of sediments on the electrokinetic properties of the material was studied for synthetic sediments. A campaign of laboratory tests allows to characterize the influence of the texture of this material and its pH. The electroosmotic permeability coefficient is twice greater, and the electrical conductivity is five times greater for a clay composition than for a silty composition. Electrokinetics induces in the saturated porous medium formed by sediments the propagation of an acid front on the anode side and a basic front on the cathode side. This propagation was highlighted by an experimental study carried out with a modified oedopermeter, as well as by numerical modeling by finite elements. The comparison of the experimental and numerical results obtained allows to establish a methodology for calibrating the parameters of the model. Finally, we observe that the pH gradient has a major impact on the behavior of trace metal. Two experiments on the treatment of real sediments have been carried out over the long term (3 and 6 months) to see to what extent electrokinetic can make real sediments inert. Chemical analyzes before and after the application of electrokinetic show very variable effects depending on the nature of the trace metals considered, its speciation and the physico-chemical conditions of the medium
Paillat, Thierry. „Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes électrocinétiques dans les milieux poreux ; application au stockage géologique de déchets et à la prévention contre l'électrisation dans les transformateurs“. Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2325.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGupta, Alok Kumar. „Couplages multi-phénomènes dans les argilites“. Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GLOB0013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaccouche, Sonia. „Développement d'une méthode de séparation électrocinétique de biomarqueurs de la polyneuropathie amyloïde familiale à transthyrétine : vers une miniaturisation de l'analyse“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKorchane, Sonia. „Développement d'une méthode de séparation électrocinétique de biomarqueurs de la polyneuropathie amyloïde familiale à transthyrétine : vers une miniaturisation de l'analyse“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112112/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of our work was the development of new analytical methodologies to measure the benefit of liver transplantation and also the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches under testing on patients with Transtyretin (TTR) familial amyloid polyneuropathy. This rare disease is characterized by a structural destabilization of TTR tetramer leading to it’s aggregation into amyloïd fibrils that accumulate in the tissues of the autonomous nervous system, peripheral nerves and around certain organs, including the heart. As part of a collaboration between university, hospital, analytical chemists, electrochemist, physical chemists and technologists, we are committed to develop separations in capillary electrophoresis coupled with optical detection of native and mutated peptides that are directly associated with a variant of this rare disease. The first challenge of this research is the choice of these biomarkers that ultimately proved relevant with the realization of peptide maps from the serum. Then two approaches have been explored: electrokinetic separation with absorbance spectrometric detection in the ultraviolet and the other requiring the prior labeling peptides with fluorescent molecules and then to a separation on electrophoresis coupled with LIF (Laser induced fluorescence). In both cases the main criterion of separation, resolution, allows quantification and especially analytical validations show actual strength associated methodologies developed. Another encouraging sign for the transposition of these methods to the analysis of samples from patients regarding the quantification limit is lower than commonly measured in serum. Mass spectrometry, using physico-chemical investigation powerful allowed to follow and understand a more fundamental viewpoint the product of organic chemistry reactions bypass peptides by three fluorescent dyes: TAMRA-SE, the NDA and FQ. The ability to provide a miniaturized analysis and easy to use tool for the hospital environment was also studied. A post analysis on microfluidic chip for quantitative and qualitative analysis was installed to allow the realization of the first experimental tests of electrokinetic separations on microfluidic chip. These studies lay the foundation for a new analytical way to separate and quantify the different characteristics biomarkers family TTR amyloid polyneuropathy
Benoit, Clarisse. „Caractérisation électrocinétique de cellules humaines“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeasuring and understanding cells' electrokinetic properties bring several appli-cations in the biomedical field, like the diagnosis and the monitoring of cancer diseases. Theapplication of alternative non uniform electric fields in microsystems, in particular the dielec-trophoretic force, allows a label-free characterization of cell populations.In this Thesis, a comprehensive study has been established to describe the response of humancells in non-uniform AC fields. We have modeled the competition between dielectrophoresisand electro-hydrodynamical forces (electrothermal effects, AC electro-osmosis). This model wascompared to the observation of cell motions in microfluidic channels with structured electrodes.We have established a new method to determine the crossover frequencies of human cells on astatistically relevant number of cells, which represents a population.Then, the Clausius-Mossotti factor of cell lines has been measured, from different epithelial tis-sues (kidney, prostate) or circulating cells. We have demonstrated that the crossover frequenciesare statistically different between these lines. This method has been used to monitor the differentelectrical signatures of prostate cancer cells at each grade of cancer.Finally, we have focused on the polarization process of cells regarding the electric field. We havemodified chemically and biologically cell membranes to understand the molecular origin of thecrossover frequency. The membrane proteins depletion and the activity of some ion channelssignificantly increase the cell crossover frequency.By taking advantage of the dielectrophoretic response of cells, it becomes possible to characte-rize their dielectric properties and to develop new technologies for cancer detection and diagnosis
Laffite, Guillaume. „Etude et développement de dispositifs micro et nanofluidiques à interface polarisable de type silicium/diélectrique/électrolyte“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864727.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDevi, Maureen. „Etudes expérimentales et numériques de la propagation d'ondes couplées sismiques et électromagnétiques dans des matériaux saturés non consolidés“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first few hundred meters of the subsurface is the seat of important issues related to fluids which society still has to face, such as the detection and monitoring of water ressources and pollution as well as the role of fluids in various types of hazard assessment or in geotechnics. This depth scale is highly complex and heterogeneous in terms of lithology and fluid content. Among the available geophysical methods, seismo-electric (or electro-seismic) coupling phenomena have the potential to emerge as a new high-resolution imaging technique, naturally sensitive to fluid contrasts. Two seismo-electric signals have been predicted and sometimes observed: co-seismic electric signals (high amplitude) and weak electromagnetic (EM) disturbances generated at depth when seismic waves cross an interface. This second phenomenon is the most promising in terms of imaging due to its sensitivity to original contrasts compared to seismic reflection. The emergence of the seismo-electric method was however slowed down due to difficulties in recording these weak seismo-electric signals. Based on the combination of experimental and numerical approaches, this PhD thesis aims at addressing practical questions concerning the acquisition and processing of seismo-electric and electro-seismic data.In the first part, in order to increase the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of seismo-electric signals, we theoretically and experimentally study their sensitivity to various electrode arrangements. For this, we developed a filter theory designed to assess the influence of complex electrode arrays for seismo-electric signals acquisition. This theory was successfully confronted to experimental seismo-electric data acquired using various electrode arrangements (namely the spacing between the electrodes, the number of the electrodes and the apparent seismic velocity) and to full waveform numerical simulations. This combined analysis shows that electrode configuration properties strongly influence seismo-electric amplitudes and waveforms. In particular, this approach explains the difficulty in recording depth-generated seismo-electromagnetic waves converted at an interface, when the conventional dipole configuration is used as receivers. We then promote the use of a 3-electrode configuration in seismo-electric measurements, since: 1) it reduces ubiquitous man-made electric noise, and 2) its filtering properties do amplify the EM waves originating from interfaces at depth with respect to dominant coseismic events.In the second part, we focus on the reciprocal electro-osmotic phenomena, i.e. the generation of seismic signals by an electric source in poroelastic saturated media. We first performed numerical investigations to assess the nature and properties of the different seismic arrivals generated by an electrical source in a homogeneous and an heterogeneous material, at the field scale. Then we tried to acquire electro-seismic laboratory data in a homogeneous material, data that we again confronted with numerical full waveform computations. The results show that electro-seismic waves can be observed and that they are locally generated around the electric source. We finally show that these electro-seismic signals are influenced by the fluid conductivity
Ben, Salah Manel. „Comportement électrocinétique de mélanges kaolinite-smectite“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEE005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work focused on the electrokinetic treatment of clay soil. The aim is to study the evolution of the structure of kaolinite + smectite mixtures polluted with lead after an electrokinetic treatment. The aim is to understand the possible variations in the mechanical properties of soils after electrokinetics. From a structural point of view, generally small variations in porosity (mercury porosimetry) were observed after the electrokinetic treatment
Amrofel, Nathan. „Caractérisation numérique des phénomènes de couplage multiphysique sur la migration de gaz dans une roche argileuse saturée aux échelles mésoscopiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a geological repository for radioactive waste, the corrosion of ferrous materials under anoxic conditions, coupled with the radioactive decay of the waste and radiolysis of water, will lead to the formation of hydrogen. A thorough understanding of the migration behavior of this gas is crucial for the reliability of long-term evolution prediction scenarios for such storage facilities. If the gas production rate exceeds the gas diffusion rate in the pores of the host rock, a distinct gas phase will form. Capillary forces opposing gas movement will lead to an increase in pressure until a critical value is reached, beyond which it may penetrate the surrounding material and move via advective processes. Various mechanisms specific to clay rocks and their nanoporous nature could, however, influence these visco-capillary flows. Firstly, mass transfer mechanisms are established at the water/gas interfaces leading to evaporation (or capillary recondensation under certain conditions) and promoting the formation of preferential flow paths, accentuated by the Kelvin effect in nanopores. Given the high pressures generated, gas percolation also results in dilation of the percolating pathways, potentially leading to localized displacement of water away from these pathways due to compression of the clay matrix. These phenomena of opening percolating pathways (micro-cracking) in turn cause damage and degradation of the rock's mechanical properties. If pressure continues to rise, tension fractures develop similarly to those observed in hydraulic fracturing. Concurrently, in clayey environments like the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite, pore water contains dissolved ions and thus forms an electrolyte. Due to the electric charges present in clay layers, the ion concentration density near solid/liquid interfaces becomes heterogeneous, and the electrolyte is no longer electrically neutral (electrical double layer). Flows in this case are more complex as couplings appear between the solvent's dynamics and that of the ions. Indeed, when the fluid is subjected to an electric field, although the solvent is neutral, hydraulic flow is observed. This mechanism, called electro-osmosis, is particularly important in the context of radioactive waste storage due to the introduction of ionic radionuclides into the geological layer, which would add to the ions naturally dissolved in pore water. In the context of this thesis, we have developed various mesoscopic models capable of accounting for these couplings, whether they are HydroChemical (evaporation), HydroMechanical (HM), or ElectroKinetic (EK) during flow and transport simulation to study the impact of these couplings on gas migration. Two numerical methods have been used to develop these models: an SPH approach for characterizing evaporation and mechanical damage processes and an LBM approach for studying electro-osmosis mechanisms
Marino, Sonia. „Phénomènes de transports couplés induits par des circulations de fluides dans des milieux poreux et fracturés“. Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAvenas, Quentin. „Intégration d’une méthode d’actuation électrocinétique sur biocapteur plasmonique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI122/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development of an integrated plasmonic sensor capable to perform mass transport on targeted objects. The goal is to overcome the diffusion limit by trapping particules directly on the sensing surface. The adopted strategy was to structure the gold layer used for plasmonic detection in order to use the sofabricated structures to set the fluid and the molecules in motion by applying electric fields in the fluid. The mass transfer is realized through dielectrophoresis and electroosmosis, those two electrokinetic effects being operated by electrodes acting as sensor and actuator at the same time. An exhaustive state of the art as well as multiphysical simulations allowed us for designing a prototype for an integrated sensor consisting in gold interdigitated electrodes enabling plasmoninc sensing. The proposed device was obtained through microfabrication in clean room facilities and was characterized before the study of its performances. A first sequence of tests on a model system – polystyrene microbeads in water – brought the proof of concept we needed to validate the correct operation of the sensor, which is indeed capable of quickly trapping targeted objects on its surface and detecting them. The mass transfer mechanisms were explained and we showed the enhancement of the limit of detection by a factor greater than 100. In a second phase, performances of the sensor applied to biological objects were evaluated. It can effectively trap yeasts and proteins but no enhancement has been observed while detecting DNA hybridization events. Causes for this result were discussed and understood and two different solutions were explored: the adaptation of the operating frequency and the optimization of the electrodes geometry. Thus, this study highlighted the problematic of operating electrokinetic effects in biological media and suggested relevant leads towards its resolution
Studer, Vincent. „Pompage électrocinétique et autres éléments intégrables pour la microfluidique“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066581.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObliger, Amaël. „Modélisation multi-échelle du transport électrocinétique en milieu poreux chargé“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066514/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs part of the disposal of nuclear waste in deep geological formations (Cigéo project), it is necessary to predict the flow of radionuclides in ionic form in charged porous media such as clays. The clay materials are complex and it is difficult to know their structure, especially at the nanoscale where electrokinetic phenomena become paramount. In this case, the strategy adopted in this work is to represent the porosity with a network of pores interconnected by channels. This requires to know the properties of the coupled transport at the channel scale taking into account the flow of solvent, solutes and charges under the influence of gradients of pressure, salt concentration and electrostatic potential. We used the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model to describe the electrokinetic transport in the channels. It can be shown that the behavior of these properties may vary between the channel scale and the sample scale (random networks constructed from parameters distributions). For example, it is found that the permeability of a network decreases as electrokinetic effects increase, which is not the case at the level of a single channel. These differences arise from the simultaneous presence of coupling between the flows and the heterogeneity of the sample. A numerical sample having the same properties as real clay sample has been created following a process of selection of the channels parameters, it has been used to conduct preliminary studies on clogging and desaturation in clay
Tardif, Éric. „Conception d'un montage expérimental pour l'étude dynamique du potentiel électrocinétique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27694/27694.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSbaï, Mohammed. „Détermination du potentiel électrocinétique de membranes poreuses : mesures tangentielles et transmembranaires“. Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSong, Yue. „Traitement électrocinétique des sédiments de dragage et valorisation par solidification/stabilisation“. Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis research is devoted to investigate the treatment methods of dredged sediments in order their restoration and valorisation: electroremediation and solidification/stabilization. Two experimental set-up (at two different scales) have been designed and a series of tests were performed under different conditions (electric potential values, opened/closed system, electrolyte solutions: EDTA, EDDS, NTA and Citric Acid). Each chelating agent provides an extraction efficiency for a given metal. The obtained results show that the pH control at the cathode by citric acid and its combinations with a surfactant (Tween 20) can increase the metal removal effect. Moreover, under closed system condition, metal removal efficiency became stronger. The obtained metal removals values within the matrix of sediment under optimal conditions can reach 60%. As regard to the solidification/stabilization, serval formulations (of lime, cement and silica fume) associated to the sediment were tested in order to create a resistant and sustainable material forwarding to be used as a road embankments. The specimens of treated sediment were submitted to severe conditions of temperature and wettability. Leaching tests were carried out on the obtained material in order to assess a capability of used formulations to stabilize pollutant elements contained in the sediment. The obtained results from 12 different formulations showed that the required resistance is obtained with the reasonable proportions of binders, while the sustainability requirement need higher lime content in the formulation
Loulergue, Patrick. „Caractérisation In-Situ de dépôts formés en filtration membranaire de suspensions particulaires et de biofluides : intéraction entre structure locale et performances du procédé“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMembrane fouling is one of the major drawbacks of membrane bioreactors. This study is thus a contribution to the understanding of the dynamic structuring of complex deposits build-up during dead-end filtration of complex biofluids. Several tools were used to perform in-situ characterization of cake layer structural properties at local scale and to link them to global filtration performances. The electrokinetics properties of the deposit were also investigated. An optical and an acoustic method were used to measure local cake thickness and growth kinetics. The thicknesses given by the two methods were first compared. It was shown that for compact deposits the two different methods lead to the same thickness of the deposit. For more porous deposits, these two methods allow to obtain complementary data at two different depths of the deposits. The influence of operating conditions on cake layer structuring during filtration of modelled particles was evaluated. Using the optical method it was shown that, whatever the operating conditions, the cake structure is not constant in time. Furthermore, a spatial variability of the cake layer thickness might exist especially in the case of weak particle-particle repulsion. Finally, it has been investigated whether the different methods could be applied or not to the case of biofluid filtration. The structural properties of the complex deposits built up during diluted activated sludge filtration were investigated. Cake compressibility was observed at global scale by a monitoring of process performances and was also observed at local scale: cake thickness decreases as TMP increases. Furthermore, at local scale, a spatial variability of deposit structure was found. Particle addition into the biofluid was assessed in order to mitigate compressibility effects
Brunet, Edouard. „Etudes de systèmes microfluidiques : agrégation de particules, électrocinétique linéaire, analyse de protéines“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007776.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenseghir, Abdelmadjid. „Transition électrostatique-électrocinétique : point de vue historique et analyse des difficultés des élèves“. Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePomès, Véronique. „Étude du transport électrocinétique d'une espèce non réactive dans un milieu poreux modèle“. Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT105G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFourcade, Marie-Christine. „Approche expérimentale et modélisation du transport d'ions en décontamination électrocinétique à pH controlé“. Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTian, Yue. „Traitement électrocinétique des sédiments de dragage multi-contaminés et évolution de leur toxicité“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH24/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis research is mainly devoted to the optimization of an electrokinetic (EK) remediation process as a promising technology for treating multi-contaminated (trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyles (PCBs)) dredged harbor sediments of low permeability. This study is also investigating the effect of the EK treatment on the evolution of sediment toxicity. After a bibliographic review, asecond part of this study was dedicated to the analytical methods carried out for the characterization of the sediment and its contaminants, particularly to their extraction from the sediment matrix; thus a new extraction method, through matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed, for a fast and simultaneous extraction of both PAHs and PCBs, and a sample purification.MSPD appeared more efficient than the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method. Thereafter many EK experiments (at different scales) were described in a third part. EK remediation tests were performed using a spiked model sediment or natural harbor dredged sediments. Many combinations of surfactants and chelators were tested as EK enhancing agents for decreasing simultaneously metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) and PAH/PCB levels. Their choice was done because of their possible low toxicity with a view to use them for future site restoration: (bio)surfactants (rhamnolipids, saponin and Tween 20) combined with chelators (citric acid (CA) and EDDS). The results showed that metals (except Cr) were difficult to remove from this kind of dredged sediment owing to its reductive character, to its high buffering capacity, to its very low hydraulic permeability and to its high organic matter content. However PAHs and PCBs showed better removal levels (29.2% and 50.2%, respectively). In a fourth part, the efficiency of the EK process was also assessed by measuring the evolution of the acute toxicity of the treated sediment on E. affinis copepods exposed to sediment elutriates. The results showed that using CA, biosurfactants or Tween 20 as enhancing agents did not significantly impact the toxicity of the treated sediment. However, E. affinis copepods were significantly sensitive to low pH values and oxidative conditions, to Cu, and to a lesser extent to Pb amounts, if they were transformed in more mobile and bioavailable forms. In contrast, acute toxicity was only slightly and even negatively correlated to PAH and PCB amounts after EK treatment, probably due to the production of oxidized metabolites of PAHs and PCBs, more toxic than the parent compounds
Anres, Philippe. „Développement de nouvelles méthodologies de préconcentration électrocinétique in-situ en électrophorèse capillaire pour l'analyse de traces“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066345.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCapillary electrophoresis is a powerful separation technique, but it suffers from a lack of sensitivity when optical detectors are used. In order to resolve this problem, in-situ electrokinetic preconcentration techniques are available. During these researches, some of these techniques had been investigated. First of all, it was shown the coating of silica capillary walls by linear polyacrylamide reduced efficiently the electroosmotic flow even in complex acidic media which improve the electrokinetic preconcentration yields. Secondly, the hyphenation of field amplification with electrokinetic injection and “sweeping” was examined. The mechanism of this technique was deeply studied thanks to chemometric approaches and simulation. The results allowed to clarify the influence of experimental parameters and to simplify the optimization procedure. Following these results, an analytical procedure for the analyses of herbicides in tap water was developed and detection near to the specified level of European Union was obtained without any extraction procedure. Thirdly, it was shown the utilization of ionic liquids in the so-called technique “Micelle to Solvent Stacking” provided sensibility enhancements of 10 by comparison with classical surfactants (application to herbicides and anti-inflammatory drugs). Finally, thanks to the use of a specific aptamer, a proof of concept was developed for the selective preconcentration of Ochratoxine A in wine. This last work open new perspectives for the utilization of these biological tools in capillary electrophoresis
Palaprat, Stéphane. „Couplage géochimie / transport lors de la dépollution électrocinétique d'une terre polluée par des métaux lourds“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL043N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePusset, Raphaël. „Détermination des propriétés de charge d'espèces en solution : analyse et mise au point d'une technique électroacoustique“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066575.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe stability of a solution containing charged species depends on the size and on the electric charge of the chemical entities suspended in the solution as well as on the properties of the solvent. In particular, the electric charge is at the origin of the electrostatic forces between the charged entities. This electric charge determines their tendancy to agregate and to sediment or not over time ; this information is essential in areas such as cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. However, determining these charge properties is difficult. They maybe quantified by the stuctural charge of the object, which is rarely measured or by the effective charge often estimated by means electrophoretic mobility or zeta potential. The usual method to determine the electrophoretic mobility is the electrophoresis but this technique cannot be used for opaque suspensions, concentrated suspensions and suspensions with high conductivity. The scarcely used acoustophoretic method allows us to bypass these difficulties. This technique is the only one adapted to concentrated or opaque environments as well as many solutions of indutrial interest, whatever the size of the charged species, from the ion to micrometric particles. The principle of measurement (predicted by Debye, J. Chem. Phys, 1, 13 (1933)) is the analysis of the electric response of the solution under a pressure wave. Our objectve was to design and industrialize an acoutophoresis prototype having the three following charateristics : a much smaller sampling volume than previous devices, direct access to the raw signal, specific tools for the treatment of the signal and a better understanding of the technical possibilities of the techique. Firstly, the report presents the notions necessary to describe the environment of charged objects in a solution and the electrokinetic techniques available to characterize such charged systems. Secondly the analysis of the literature and of actual devices allows us to understand the current state of the technique from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Thirdly we explain the conception and the development of our prototype as a finish product with the desired characteristics. Finally, we present measurements on several model systems, which validate the efficiency of our innovative prototype
Anrès, Philippe. „Développement de nouvelles méthodologies de préconcentration électrocinétique in-situ en électrophorèse capillaire pour l'analyse de traces“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00744659.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeauregard, Charles. „Impact du changement d'échelle, des carbonates et du chrome sur la décontamination des sols par électrocinétique“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21709.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSUN, GUANG CHENG. „Modélisation des processus d'intéraction entre thermohydraulique et électrocinétique dans les milieux semi-transparents à haute température“. Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrizon, Fabien. „Décontamination électrocinétique des milieux poreux. Etude expérimentale et modélisation appliquées au césium dans les matériaux cimentaires“. Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to study the nuclear decontamination of cementitous materials by an electrokinetic method. Special attention is given to the understanding of the mechanisms leading to the removal of radioelements from the material. First, a bibliographic research allowed us to reduce the study to a normalized mortar and to cesium ions. This choice was confirmed by the experimental study of interactions between the contaminant and the material. Next, the efficiency of the electrokinetic decontamination was experimentally shown in laboratory conditions and electromigration was identified as the main transport phenomenon. Then, a numerical model was implemented in order to describe the ionic transport by electromigration. The results obtained were compared to experiments. Finally, some applications and developments of the electrokinetic process were proposed
Le, Hécho Isabelle. „Décontamination de sols de sites industriels pollués en métaux et arsenic par extraction chimique ou électrocinétique“. Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVilla, Stefano. „Behaviour of a Colloid close to an Air-Water Interface : Interactions and Dynamics“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the relevance to environmental, biological and industrial processes, the motion of a colloidal particle close to a fluid interface and the way it interacts with the water surface are still largely elusive and intriguing physical phenomena.In this thesis, we explore the motion dynamics and the interaction of individual colloidal particles close to an air-water interface in thermal equilibrium.In order to investigate them without perturbing or altering the experimental system, we designed and built a dual-wave reflection interference microscope working with an air-water interface geometry. Contrary to other established experimental techniques, our set-up allows accurate measurements of the absolute particle-interface distance and thus does not require any calibration or assumption to know the location of the interface. Highly resolved 3D particle trajectories close to the interface were obtained, from which information on particle diffusion close to the interface and particle-interface interactions are obtained.The system shows two different potential energy landscapes resulting in two different equilibrium particle-interface distances. The larger one can be fairly explained by Van der Waals and electrostatic interactions combined with gravity. The shorter one highlights the existence of an unexpected additional attractive interaction. The possible origins of such an interaction are discussed.Using a method of analysis of the particle mean square displacements in a generic potential we developed, we were able to access to particle drag coefficients as a function of the distance from the interface. Peculiarly, the air-water interface acts as a slip boundary for the particle motion parallel to the interface and as a no-slip boundary for the particle motion perpendicular to the interface. This experimental result can be partially rationalized considering recent models based on surface incompressibility. However, some discrepancies between experiments and theories remain. Experimental drag coefficients are larger than the hydrodynamic predictions and depend on the particle electrical charge, pointing therefore to a possible role of electrokinetic phenomena.Finally, the particle trapping at the air-water interface and its contact angle were observed while tuning the ionic strength of the aqueous solution and varying the surface state of the colloids
Clavel-Marinacce, Jacqueline. „Rôle et place de l'appareil de mesure dans l'apprentissage à propos d'un ensemble de concepts en électrocinétique“. Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10310.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKahlaoui, Nidhal. „Optimisation d'un système d'électrophorèse multicapillaire pour la séparation d'ADN“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe improved four devices related to the multicapillary electrophoresis particularly for the DNA separation. These improvements were introduced into a prototype of a sequencer developed in our laboratory. The first improvement consists in the use of a separation matrix known as T25. This polymer gives a separation about 3 times faster when we use the T25 polymer rather than the commercial POP6™ polymer. The second improvement was the optimization of the samples injection in the capillaries. An original injection device was developed that made it possible to reduce the sample volume by a factor of 4 and to have a reproducible injection. The third part is interested in optimization of detection of the fluorescent light. Two axes make this part: the first is the step by step laser scanning instead of the continuous scanning that yields more light inside the capillaries and less in between. The second is the laser focalisation into the capillaries by using microlenses (200 µm OD)
Lestriez, Bernard. „Contribution à l'étude de l'adhésion entre réseaux polyépoxy et thermoplastiques amorphes vitreux : interface versus interphase“. Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe adhesion between a thermoplastic and a thermoset is of a practical interest for polymer blends and gradient structures. In this study, planar interfaces between high-Tg thermoplastics PPE or PEI and aromatic epoxy-amine networks are prepared by joining at different conversions of the epoxy groups, Xe, followed by a complete curing. A special emphasis is done on the change of the epoxy polymer surface properties as a function of conversion and stoichiometry through surface energy measurement and atomic force microscopic (AFM) analysis. The structure of the interfacial regions was analyzed by means of scanning, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, TEM, and AFM. The morphologies of the interfaces resulting from casting a reactive epoxy mixture on a thermoplastic sheet are very different given the phase diagram of the thermoplastic - reactive thermoset system. If the phase diagram indicates that these ones are non-miscible whatever the epoxy conversion are, the interface is very thin ( < 20 nm). In the opposite, a gap-range of miscibility allows a diffusion of the comonomers in the thermoplastic layer for low epoxy conversion, Xe < 0,20, at the curing temperature. As a consequence, a 200 to 400 1-LID thick interphase is observed. A gradient morphology results from the gradient composition at phase separation. The fracture energy (Ge) of the interface is measured from the asymmetric double cantilever beam test, ADCB, on cured epoxy thermoplastic interfaces and failure mechanisms are examined using TEM deformed microtomed interfaces and SEM separated surfaces. Gc is found very dependent on the processing conditions and can be related to the presence or not of grafted PPE chains at interface or to the particular morphology of the interphase. Such a study can be used to design the interfaces between an epoxy network and a thermoplastic
Brochier, Renaud. „Formation et structure électronique des interfaces manganèse sur la face (100) de l'arséniure d'indium et manganèse sur la face (100) hydrogenée du silicium“. Cergy-Pontoise, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CERGA001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part we have studied InAs(100)-4x2/c(8x2) clean surface by STM and by photoemission. STM measurements reveal the role of defects in the reconstruction of the surface. One-dimensional indium chains have been observed in the [110] direction. Atomic distance in the chains is of 3. 9 Å. The periodicity corresponding to 3. 9 Å has been confirmed by angle resolved photoemission experiments. In the following, we have studied the formation of Mn/InAs(100)-4x2/c(8x2) interface by core-level and valence band photoemission. We have shown that for low Mn coverages (less than 2 monolayers) on the substrate heated to 200ʿC manganese atoms diffuse into the InAs substrate and replace indium atoms. By such a technique of deposition a diluted magnetic semiconductor can be prepared. We have measured its magnetic moment by XMCD. In the last part we have studied Si(100)-H clean surface and Mn/Si(100)-H interface formation. We observed a disordered deposition of Mn atoms on the hydrogen layer, as well as a diffusion of the manganese between the hydrogen layer and the substrate