Zeitschriftenartikel: „Electro-atomization“

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CIACH, TOMASZ, und JAN MARIJNISSEN. „ELECTRO-HYDRO-DYNAMIC ATOMIZATION OF POLYMERS“. Journal of Aerosol Science 32 (September 2001): 1003–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00449-3.

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Yuxin, Liu. „Droplet charging in electro-atomization study“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 153 (Mai 2018): 042021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/153/4/042021.

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3

C.M. Marijnissen, Jan. „ELECTRO HYDRODYNAMIC ATOMIZATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS“. Journal of Aerosol Science 35 (Juli 2004): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.06.003.

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4

Lekomtsev, P. L., A. V. Savushkin, E. V. Dresviannikova und A. M. Niyazov. „Study of Aerosol Charging in Electro-Aerosol Generator“. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 7, Nr. 2 (01.12.2017): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2017-0016.

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Abstract The urgency of the study is conditioned by the necessity of perfection of the methods of electro-aerosol disinfection and disinsection of the air and the surfaces of premises, medical and preventive treatment of animals, and plant protection. The objective of the paper is aimed at revealing the regularities of electro-physical processes when charging an aerosol in electro-aerosol generators, improvement of the methods of electro-aerosol generation. The leading approach to the research of this problem is mathematical modelling of electrotechnical, dynamic and kinetic processes in electro-aerosol generators, allowing revealing the basic regularities of electro-aerosol generation. Experimental studies are aimed at assessment of the main characteristic of the electro-aerosol generator – convection current. As a result of the studies, a mathematical model of electro-aerosol generation with the mechanical method of atomization was obtained. The regularities of charging a fluid thread, arising at the edge of the generator, when applying electric field. The configuration of the electric field of cylindrical electrodes, taking into account the influence of the bulk charge of the electro-aerosol cloud, was considered. Electrostatic pressure of the electric field of the generator on fluid streams was taken into consideration. An equation for determining the average radius of drops of the electro-aerosol during mechanical atomization by the perforated cage was obtained. The mathematical model of electro-aerosol generation is obtained in the form of the equation of convection current, being one of the basic characteristics of the process of electro-aerosol generation, allowing defining the efficiency of electrization of aerosol particles and the degree of their fragmentation. Theoretical calculations are verified experimentally. Materials of the paper can be useful for the researchers, post-graduate students, engineers, engaged in designing, manufacturing and exploiting electro-aerosol equipment.

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AHN, K. H., J. H. AHN, J. U. YOON und K. Y. KIM. „FINE PARTICLE CHARGING WITH ELECTRO-HYDRODYNAMIC ATOMIZATION METHOD“. Journal of Aerosol Science 32 (September 2001): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00407-9.

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6

Ciach, Tomasz. „Microencapsulation of drugs by electro-hydro-dynamic atomization“. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 324, Nr. 1 (Oktober 2006): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.06.035.

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Ciach, Tomasz. „Encapsulation of proteins by Electro Hydro Dynamic Atomization“. Macromolecular Symposia 253, Nr. 1 (August 2007): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200750714.

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CIACH, TOMASZ, JIANJUN WANG und JAN MARIJNISSEN. „PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN MICROPARTICLES BY ELECTRO-HYDRO-DYNAMIC ATOMIZATION“. Journal of Aerosol Science 32 (September 2001): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00448-1.

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9

Ijsebaert, Jeroen C., Kees B. Geerse, Jan C. M. Marijnissen, Jan-Willem J. Lammers und Pieter Zanen. „Electro-hydrodynamic atomization of drug solutions for inhalation purposes“. Journal of Applied Physiology 91, Nr. 6 (01.12.2001): 2735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2735.

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Monodisperse aerosols show therapeutic advantages, but they are difficult to generate. A new method (electrohydrodynamic atomization) is described. A high voltage is applied to a nozzle through which a solution, containing dissolved drug, is pumped. At the nozzle tip, a liquid cone is formed and a stream of monodisperse droplets is released. The droplet diameter is governed by the density, conductivity, and the flow rate of the fluid. The droplets are charged and need to be neutralized. Therefore, a corona discharge system is used. Methylparahydroxybenzoate was used as a model drug, and additional data were generated by using beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). At a flow rate of 1 ml/h and 0.5% methylparahydroxybenzoate, 1.58-μm particles were produced with a geometric SD of 1.18. Increasing the flow rate to 3 ml/h and the concentration to 3% resulted in 4.55-μm particles with a geometric SD of 1.29. The experiments with BDP resulted in similar particle sizes. The mass of BDP was found to range between 1.42 and 6 μg/l air. Aqueous solutions cannot be sprayed by using this setup. This method can be used to deliver antiasthma drugs to patients.

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Ciach, T. „Application of electro-hydro-dynamic atomization in drug delivery“. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 17, Nr. 6 (2007): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50076-6.

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Singh, Sanjay, Arshad Khan, B. K. Sapra und Y. S. Mayya. „Parameterization of an Electro-Hydrodynamic Atomization Based Aerosol Generator“. Particulate Science and Technology 31, Nr. 5 (03.09.2013): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2013.779335.

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Panchal, Hemant, Devanshi Bhaliya und Moksha Patel. „Powder Manufacturing Techniques: A Review“. International Journal of Research and Review 10, Nr. 10 (09.10.2023): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231020.

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The growing need for advanced materials has placed a significant emphasis on the production of top-tier metal powders. To fulfill this demand, several established powder production methods have emerged, aimed at delivering high-purity metal powders. This review paper explores the various techniques used in the production of metal powders, addressing their importance in meeting the evolving requirements of modern manufacturing. Keywords: Atomization, Ball Milling, Melt Spinning, Electro-decomposition.

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Lim, Jong-Min, und Sehee Jeong. „Fabrication of Spherical Titania Inverse Opal Structures Using Electro-Hydrodynamic Atomization“. Molecules 24, Nr. 21 (30.10.2019): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213905.

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Spherical PS/HEMA opal structure and spherical titania inverse opal structure were fabricated by self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles in uniform aerosol droplets generated with electro-hydrodynamic atomization method. When a solution of PS/HEMA nanoparticles with uniform size distribution was used, PS/HEMA nanoparticles self-assembled into a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure by capillary force with the evaporation of the solvent in aerosol droplet, resulting in a spherical opal structure. When PS/HEMA nanoparticles and anatase titania nanoparticles were dispersed simultaneously into the solution, titania nanoparticles with relatively smaller size were assembled at the interstitial site of PS/HEMA nanoparticles packed in the FCC structure, resulting in a spherical opal composite structure. Spherical titania inverse opal structure was fabricated after removing PS/HEMA nanoparticles from the spherical opal composite structure by calcination.

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Zaeim, Davood, Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab, Behrouz Ghorani und Rassoul Kadkhodaee. „Double layer co-encapsulation of probiotics and prebiotics by electro-hydrodynamic atomization“. LWT 110 (August 2019): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.04.040.

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Jafari-Nodoushan, Milad, Jalal Barzin und Hamid Mobedi. „Size and morphology controlling of PLGA microparticles produced by electro hydrodynamic atomization“. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 26, Nr. 5 (28.02.2015): 502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.3480.

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Normov, D. A. „Electro-ozonization technology of manure effluent treatment: mathematical model implementation“. Agricultural Engineering, Nr. 5 (2024): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2024-5-74-82.

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The disposal of animal waste products is especially urgent at large livestock facilities. In order to develop an effective technology of processing animal manure effluents, the authors have developed an effective method of their treatment and designed an experimental installation - a manure effluent treatment station including an electro-ozonizer. Cleaning is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, manure effluent is subjected to separation and flotation to remove large dispersed impurities, at the second stage, liquid fraction is treated with ozone. The technical result is achieved by fine atomization of manure effluents with a droplet diameter from 1.0 to 10.0 microns in the ozone-air mixture at an ozone concentration of 450 to 500 mg/m3 . Calculations based on the developed mathematical model have shown that fine atomization of manure effluents in a chamber with the ozone-air mixture increases the ozone concentration gradient and ozone mass transfer through the interface in 360 times as compared with barbotization of ozone into liquid. This makes it possible to increase significantly the rate of ozone consumption in chemical reactions, increase the efficiency factor, and reduce energy consumption for manure effluent treatment. The experiment was conducted at the pig-breeding farm of LLC “Novye Agrarnye Tekhnologii”, Beysuzhek Vtoroy, the Vyselki district, the Krasnodar region. The results of chemical, organoleptic and microbiological analyses confirm the high efficiency of the developed method and equipment for wastewater treatment of pig farms. The developed electro-ozonization technology and equipment improve the ecological situation on livestock farms by preventing the discharge of harmful emissions of ecologically toxic volatile compounds into the atmosphere.

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Jaiswal, Priyanka, Vandita Rao, Pooja Lohia und D. K. Dwivedi. „Effect of Ge and Te on Physical Properties of Cu–Se–In–M (M = Ge, Te) Chalcogenide Glass“. Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2524.

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Cu5Se75In10M10 (M = Ge, Te) bulk chalcogenide glasses have been prepared by melt quench technique. XRD technique has been used for structural characterization. Absence of peaks confirms the amorphous nature of the studied composites. Some important physical parameters have been investigated theoretically i.e., average coordination number, constraints, density, molar volume, cohesive energy, electro negativity, heat of atomization, bond energy etc. Tichy-Ticha and Lankhorst approach has also been used to study the glass transition temperature Tg. Theoretical analysis of composition shows that there is significant change in the structure of the glass due to rigidity percolation.

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Song, Yu Lin, Chih Hsiao Cheng, Chia Fone Lee, Luh Maan Chang und Yuan Fang Chou. „Numerical Analysis and Experimental Results by Silicon-Based MHz Ultrasonic Nozzles to Product of Monodisperse Droplets“. Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.787.

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Monodisperse de-ionized water droplets 4.5 μm in diameter have been produced in ultrasonic atomization using micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based three-Fourier horn 1 MHz silicon nozzles. The required electrical drive power and voltage are 15 mW and 6.5 V, respectively. The nozzles measure 1.80 x 0.21 x 0.11 cm3 and can accommodate flow rate of 2 to 300 μl/min. As liquid enters the 200 μm x 200 μm central channel of the nozzle, a curved thin liquid film is maintained at the nozzle tip that vibrates longitudinally at the nozzle resonance frequency, resulting in formation of standing capillary waves on the free surface of the liquid film. As the tip vibration amplitude exceeds a threshold (critical or onset amplitude), the standing capillary waves become unstable (temporal instability) and a spray of monodisperse droplets (mist) is produced. The experimental results of resonance frequency, droplet diameter, voltage requirement and critical or onset amplitude support the predictions of the three-dimensional finite element simulation and the linear theory of capillary wave atomization mechanism.

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KURIZUKA, Kazumasa, Toshiro DOI, Syuhei KUROKAWA, Yoji UMEZAKI, Yoshihiko TSUCHIDA und Keiji MIYACHI. „H14 Consideration about the atomization and the planarization of Organic Electro-Luminescence material“. Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2009.62 (2009): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2009.62.249.

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Zhang, Shengchang, Christine Campagne und Fabien Salaün. „Preparation of n-Alkane/Polycaprolactone Phase-Change Microcapsules via Single Nozzle Electro-Spraying: Characterization on Their Formation, Structures and Properties“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (13.01.2020): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020561.

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The phase change microcapsule (mPCM) is one of the primary candidates in the fields of energy storage and thermal regulation. In this study, electro-spraying, as a green, high-efficiency electrohydrodynamic atomization technology, is applied to the microencapsulation of two phase change materials (PCM) (n-hexadecane and n-eicosane) with three loading contents (30%, 50%, and 70% by weight) in a polycaprolactone matrix. Ethyl acetate (EA) and chloroform (Chl) were chosen as solvents to prepare the working solutions. The objective of this study is to clarify the microencapsulation process during electro-spraying and to optimize the structure and properties of the electro-sprayed mPCM. The structures, morphologies, and thermal properties of the mPCM were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Electro-sprayed spherical and non-porous mPCM have been successfully prepared. The mean diameter and the particle size distribution depend mainly on the choice of the n-alkane, as well as the solvent used to prepare the working solutions. Meanwhile, the structure formation of electro-sprayed mPCM and the loading content of PCM were mainly influenced by the evaporation of the solvent and the phase separation between PCM and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) matrix. During the shell formation or PCL solidification, the control of the PCM leaching out of the matrix allows improving the loading content. Finally, based on a high latent heat and simple formation process, the electro-spraying route of PCM is a green, non-toxic, and high-efficiency direction for energy storage and heat regulation.

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Rai, P., N. Gautam, H. Chandra und V. Kumar. „Generation of Micro/Nano Scale Particles and Capsules by Electro hydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA) Process“. Materials Today: Proceedings 18 (2019): 4374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.401.

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Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli, Carmine Schiavone, Rosalia Ferraro, Nergis Zeynep Renkler, Sergio Caserta und Vincenzo Guarino. „Designing Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: Core-Shell Alginate Particles through Electro-Fluid Dynamic Atomization“. Pharmaceutics 16, Nr. 2 (29.01.2024): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16020193.

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Innovations in drug delivery systems are crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficiency. Our research presents a novel approach based on using electro-fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) to fabricate core-shell monophasic particles (CSMp) from sodium alginate blends of varying molecular weights. This study explores the morphological characteristics of these particles in relation to material properties and process conditions, highlighting their potential in drug delivery applications. A key aspect of our work is the development of a mathematical model that simulates the release kinetics of small molecules, specifically sodium diclofenac. By assessing the diffusion properties of different molecules and gel formulations through transport and rheological models, we have created a predictive tool for evaluating the efficiency of these particles in drug delivery. Our findings underscore two critical, independent parameters for optimizing drug release: the external shell thickness and the diffusivity ratios within the dual layers. This allows for precise control over the timing and intensity of the release profile. This study advances our understanding of EFDA in the fabrication of CSMp and offers promising avenues for enhancing drug delivery systems by tailoring release profiles through particle characteristic manipulation.

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Wang, Jun, Yan Kang, Lin Yang, Xiaolu Li und Tianhong Yan. „Study on biodiesel heat transfer through self-temperature limit injector during vehicle cold start“. Thermal Science 19, Nr. 6 (2015): 1907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci141011177w.

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A type of Self-Temperature Limit-Injector (STL- injector) is proposed to reduce the biodiesel consumption and emission in vehicle cold start process. The STL-injector is capable of fast raising fuel temperature, which helps improve the quality of diesel spray and its combustion efficiency. A STL-injector model is established with consideration of electro-mechanic coupling and fluid-structure interaction. A transient simulation is conducted using dynamic grid technology. The results show that STL-injector can effectively raise biodiesel temperature to 350K from 300K in 32 seconds. That is to say, adding STL-injector to existing biodiesel combustion system is an environment-friendly solution due to improving atomization and spray quality quickly.

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Ramana Reddy, K. Venkata, Jaideep Gupta und Pathan Izharuddin. „Alginate Microspheres: The Innovative Approaches to Production of the Microbeads/Micro-Particles“. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, Nr. 4-s (25.08.2019): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3413.

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Multiparticulate dosage form is pharmaceutical formulations where the active substance is in the form of a number of small independent subunit such as, granules, microparticle, beads, and microspheres. Multiparticulate drug delivery systems are specifically suitable for achieving delayed and sustained release oral formulations with a minimum risk of dose dumping, local irritation, systemic toxicity, and variation in rate of bioavailability as they are less dependent on gastrointestinal transit time and offers many advantages over unit particulate dosage forms. Microbeads are small, sphere shaped, systematically produced free-flowing properties, semi-spherical solid units. Microbeads are the agglomerates of about size ranging from 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, obtained from various starting materials and utilizing different innovative techniques. A blend of multiparticulate can also be used to provide the desired drug release profile. These round shaped particles produced by mostly principle of atomization technique.Among various different innovative techniques Vibration technology, Electrostatic bead generator, Jetcutter technology, electrostatic forces, dropping method and a mechanical cutting device are few of many. In current article it describes about the total methods involved and their working principles with diagrams were clearly illustrated. Now a days sodium alginate beads were designed by these technologies mostly in relative to microencapsulation techniques. Keywords: Atomization, Vibrating technology, Jetcutter device, Electrostatic bead generator Dropping method and electro-spray technology

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Gan, Yunhua, Xia Zhang, Haige Li, Yang Tong, Yanling Shi und Yuying Yan. „The atomization current and droplet size of ethanol in two different small-scale electro-spraying systems“. Journal of Electrostatics 87 (Juni 2017): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2017.05.003.

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Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli, und Vincenzo Guarino. „3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and In Vitro Characterization“. Micromachines 13, Nr. 10 (12.10.2022): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101726.

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In the last decade, different technological approaches have been proposed for the fabrication of 3D models suitable to evaluate in vitro cell response. Among them, electro fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) belonging to the family of electro-assisted technologies allows for the dropping of polysaccharides and/or proteins solutions to produce micro-scaled hydrogels or microgels with the peculiar features of hydrogel-like materials (i.e., biocompatibility, wettability, swelling). In this work, a method to fabricate 3D scaffolds by the assembly of bicomponent microgels made of sodium alginate and gelatin was proposed. As first step, optical and scanning electron microscopy with the support of image analysis enabled to explore the basic properties of single blocks in terms of correlation between particle morphology and process parameters (i.e., voltage, flow rate, electrode gap, and needle diameter). Chemical analysis via ninhydrin essays and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of gelatin, mostly retained by physical interactions into the alginate network mediated by electrostatic forces. In vitro tests confirmed the effect of biochemical signals exerted by the protein on the biological response of hMSCs cultured onto the microgels surface. Hence, it is concluded that alginate/gelatin microgels assemblies can efficiently work as 3D scaffolds able to support in vitro cells functions, thus providing a friendly microenvironment to investigate in vitro cell interactions.

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Hartman, R. P. A., J. C. M. Marijnissen und B. Scarlett. „Electro hydrodynamic atomization in the cone-jet mode. A physical model of the liquid cone and jet.“ Journal of Aerosol Science 28 (September 1997): S527—S528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(97)85263-9.

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Zaeim, Davood, Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab, Behrouz Ghorani, Rassoul Kadkhodaee, Weilin Liu und R. Hans Tromp. „Microencapsulation of probiotics in multi-polysaccharide microcapsules by electro-hydrodynamic atomization and incorporation into ice-cream formulation“. Food Structure 25 (Juli 2020): 100147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foostr.2020.100147.

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Narváez-Muñoz, Christian, Pavel Ryzhakov und Jordi Pons-Prats. „Determination of the Operational Parameters for the Manufacturing of Spherical PVP Particles via Electrospray“. Polymers 13, Nr. 4 (10.02.2021): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040529.

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This work aims at bridging experimental and numerical approaches to determine the optimal operating parameters for the fabrication of well-shaped polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) particles via electrohydrodynamic atomization. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the PVP solution viscosity. Solutions of PVP at various concentrations dissolved in Dimethylformamide (DMF) were prepared and analyzed. Numerical simulation using a coupled electro-CFD model was used to determine the ranges of experimental flow rate and the voltage, ensuring that well-shaped spherical particles are produced. It was deduced that the optimal combination of the parameters (flow rate, voltage, and polymer concentration) can be well approximated by a scaling law. The established relationship allowed determination of a stability island that guarantees that the given polymer solution will form spherical particles. Analyzing morphology and sizes of the particles manufactured in the optimal parameters range, we show, among others, that the size of the PVP particles can be predicted as a function of the flow rate by a power scaling relationship.

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Mainier, Fernando B., Dalmo Lima Filho und Aída Maria Bittencout Filha. „Critical Evaluation of Possible Contamination by Toxic Metals in Powdered Milk During the Production Process“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 8, Nr. 2 (20.12.2012): 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v8i2.4043.

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This study used an interdisciplinary approach to bring together some of the necessary and fundamental knowledge in the processing of powdered milk, mainly in relation to the materials used in the manufacture of equipment used in industrial processing. In order to clarify this issue, questions are presented on problems of corrosion, erosion and contamination by microorganisms that can generate or contribute to toxic metal leaching and consequently contaminate milk powder. In this work, we developed a method using atomic absorption spectroscopy with electro-thermal atomization to determine levels of cadmium, lead and nickel. To evaluate the possibility of contamination, we tested 15 samples of various brands of milk powder purchased in shops. Fortunately, the levels of these elements, in all samples, were lower than the maxima allowed under Brazilian law. However, this method of chemical analysis can be used as a tool of quality as the contamination that may occur during the production process.

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Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli, Simona Zuppolini, Mauro Zarrelli, Elisabetta Mazzotta, Anna Borriello, Cosimino Malitesta und Vincenzo Guarino. „Polydopamine-Coated Alginate Microgels: Process Optimization and In Vitro Validation“. Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, Nr. 1 (20.12.2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14010002.

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In the last decade, alginate-based microgels have gained relevant interest as three-dimensional analogues of extracellular matrix, being able to support cell growth and functions. In this study, core-shell microgels were fabricated by self-polymerization of dopamine (DA) molecules under mild oxidation and in situ precipitation of polydopamine (PDA) onto alginate microbeads, processed by electro fluid dynamic atomization. Morphological (optical, SEM) and chemical analyses (ATR-FTIR, XPS) confirmed the presence of PDA macromolecules, distributed onto the microgel surface. Nanoindentation tests also indicated that the PDA coating can influence the biomechanical properties of the microgel surfaces—i.e., σmaxALG = 0.45 mN vs. σmaxALG@PDA = 0.30 mN—thus improving the interface with hMSCs as confirmed by in vitro tests; in particular, protein adsorption and viability tests show a significant increase in adhesion and cell proliferation, strictly related to the presence of PDA. Hence, we concluded that PDA coating contributes to the formation of a friendly interface able to efficiently support cells’ activities. In this perspective, core-shell microgels may be suggested as a novel symmetric 3D model to study in vitro cell interactions.

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Guarino, Vincenzo, Rosaria Altobelli, Tania Caputo, Luigi Ambrosio, Sergio Caserta, Paola Calcagnile und Christian Demitri. „Mono- and Bi-Phasic Cellulose Acetate Micro-Vectors for Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery“. Pharmaceutics 11, Nr. 2 (18.02.2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11020087.

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In recent years, different processing technologies have been engineered to fabricate capsules or particles with peculiar properties (e.g., swelling, pH-sensitive response) at the micro and sub-micrometric size scale, to be used as carriers for controlled drug and molecular release. Herein, the development of cellulose acetate (CA) micro-carriers with mono- (MC) or bi-phasic (BC) composition is proposed, fabricated via electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA)—an electro-dropping technology able to micro-size polymer solution by the application of high voltage electrostatic forces. Image analysis allows identification of the process parameters to optimize morphology, in terms of size distribution and shape. Meanwhile, an accurate rheological study has enabled investigating the interface between CA solutions with different viscosities to optimize BC systems. Release tests have confirmed that BC carriers can retain the drug more efficiently in acidic conditions, also providing a more gradual and sustained release until six days, with respect to MC carriers. Hence, all these results have proven that biphasic architecture significantly improves the capability of CA microcarriers to release ketoprofen lysinate, thus suggesting a new route to design core/shell systems for the retarded oral administration of anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Toshiyuki Matsumi, Carlos, Wilson José da Silva, Fábio Kurt Schneider, Joaquim Miguel Maia, Rigoberto E. M. Morales und Walter Duarte Araújo Filho. „Micropipette-Based Microfluidic Device for Monodisperse Microbubbles Generation“. Micromachines 9, Nr. 8 (04.08.2018): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9080387.

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Microbubbles have various applications including their use as carrier agents for localized delivery of genes and drugs and in medical diagnostic imagery. Various techniques are used for the production of monodisperse microbubbles including the Gyratory, the coaxial electro-hydrodynamic atomization (CEHDA), the sonication methods, and the use of microfluidic devices. Some of these techniques require safety procedures during the application of intense electric fields (e.g., CEHDA) or soft lithography equipment for the production of microfluidic devices. This study presents a hybrid manufacturing process using micropipettes and 3D printing for the construction of a T-Junction microfluidic device resulting in simple and low cost generation of monodisperse microbubbles. In this work, microbubbles with an average size of 16.6 to 57.7 μm and a polydispersity index (PDI) between 0.47% and 1.06% were generated. When the device is used at higher bubble production rate, the average diameter was 42.8 μm with increased PDI of 3.13%. In addition, a second-order polynomial characteristic curve useful to estimate micropipette internal diameter necessary to generate a desired microbubble size is presented and a linear relationship between the ratio of gaseous and liquid phases flows and the ratio of microbubble and micropipette diameters (i.e., Qg/Ql and Db/Dp) was found.

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Baik, S., J. P. Blanchard und M. L. Corradini. „Development of Micro-Diesel Injector Nozzles via Microelectromechanical Systems Technology and Effects on Spray Characteristics“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, Nr. 2 (01.04.2003): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1559901.

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Micromachined planar orifice nozzles have been developed using MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) technology and tested with commercially produced diesel injection systems. Such a system, properly designed, may have the capability to improve the spray characteristics in DI diesel engines due to improved atomization and fuel-air mixing. To demonstrate this process, 14 microplanar orifice nozzles were fabricated with deep X-ray lithography and electroplating (LIGA) technology. The circular orifice diameters were varied from 40 to 260 microns and the number of orifices varied from one to 169. Three plates with noncircular orifices were also fabricated to examine the effect of orifice shape on spray characteristics. These nozzles were then attached to commercial diesel injectors and the associated injection systems were used in the study of drop sizes. The experiments were carried out at two different injection pressures (around 25 MPa and 80 MPa). Local drop sizes were measured by a laser diffraction technique, and the average drop sizes of the whole sprays were measured by a light extinction technique. The drop sizes were found to depend primarily on the total mass flow area. Coalescence droplet collisions among adjacent sprays were apparent for the multiple orifice nozzles. Nonplanar configurations are under development and may show improved performance.

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Voigt, Oliver, und Urs Alexander Peuker. „Suitability of Eroded Particles from Die-Sink Electro Discharge Machining for Additive Manufacturing—Review, Characterization and Processing“. Metals 12, Nr. 9 (30.08.2022): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091447.

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In this bipartite study, waste products of die-sink electro discharge machining (die-sink EDM) are investigated. EDM is based on an erosive character of discharges leading to material removal and molten material congeals in the dielectric. The aim is to show a theoretical suitability of these particles for a further usage as a secondary, recycled material in additive manufacturing (AM). Due to the energy- and cost-intensive process of gas atomization for AM powders, there is a need for alternative concepts for particle generation. The first part deals with an intensive review of references from the literature regarding particle size and circularity using image analysis. Secondly, real waste streams were investigated after washing and cleaning processes for oil removal via laser diffraction, dynamic image analysis, SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) as well as optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), categorized within the literature and compared to commercial AM powders. In general, it could be shown that, in principle, recycled particles fulfill main requirements for an AM usage regarding size and shape. Reference powders show median particle sizes of 30 µm to 34 µm and circularities of 0.90 to 0.93, whereas eroded particles exhibit an x50 value of 27 µm and circularity of 0.90, too. However, chemical purity, mainly caused by carbon contamination (5.4 wt% in eroded powder compared to 0.4 wt% in reference powder), must be improved before printing via AM machines. Additionally, several separation techniques have to be applied to remove undesired elements (alumina).

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Obozov, Aleksandr, Ruslan Novikov und Pavel Grishanov. „HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES OF COMMON RAIL FUEL SYSTEMS IN AVL BOOST HYDSIM SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT“. Transport engineering 2022, Nr. 9 (06.09.2022): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2022-9-4-10.

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The study objective is modeling hydro-dynamic processes occurring in an electro-magnetic diesel fuel injector using AVL Boost Hydsim software package (SP). The task to which the paper is devoted is the design of equipment for Common Rail battery injection and fuel atomization systems; description of methods for developing battery fuel systems using Hydsim SP. Research methods: numerical simulation of fuel supply based on hydrodynamic dependencies describing the compressible viscous fluid motion in Hydsim software environment. Novelty of the work: due to constant tightening of environmental, technical and economic requirements for diesel internal combustion engines (ICE), which directly depend on the perfection of the fuel supply system, there is a need for software that allows engineers to design the appropriate fuel equipment. It is also important to have an effective and comprehensive methodology for working with such software solutions. Research results: a model of an electromagnetic fuel injector of a diesel engine is developed, a brief description is given of the methodology for constructing a hydraulic model of the nozzle (in a two-dimensional problem statement) and an analysis of the simulation results obtained. Conclusions: AVL Boost Hydsim SP has a number of advantages over its competitors, which can significantly reduce the time spent on the design and implementation of modern fuel equipment, opportunities for dynamic analysis of hydraulic and hydromechanical engine systems appear.

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Namazbaeva, Zulkiya, und Aigul Ismailova. „MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF THE TEENAGERS’ BLOOD IN AN INDUSTRIAL CITY“. CBU International Conference Proceedings 1 (30.06.2013): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v1.55.

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The present study is aimed at the analysis of the human organism of the humans living in the industrial city for a long time. Microelements are an integral part of many proteins. These microelements take part in important biochemical processes especially in performing the basic functions in the free-radical oxidation, oxidation-reduction reactions and tissue respiration. The imbalance of the chemical elements in the human body leads to the development of pathology processes and, at the same time, the absence of clinical manifestations of the disease in children organism does not preclude their metabolic and functional disorders. The investigation included 110 teenagers living in the industrial area. The blood of the sampled teenagers was examined by using the atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915 with electro thermal atomization. We have observed that the carriage of toxic elements such as mercury and cadmium was significantly at higher levels in the teenagers living in industrial areas. The deficiency of vital element (selenium) was also observed. This deficiency is considered to be most dangerous for growing up organism because the functional system of the body is laid down in the teenage. In the future, this carrier can negatively affect fertility, metabolic processes and the formation of the immunity. These results show necessity for a comprehensive biomedical, clinical and functional investigation of the exposed population.

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Chaplygin, V. A., T. S. Ershova und V. F. Zaitsev. „Transference of metals in the soil‐food chain system: of Caspian Sea sturgeons“. South of Russia: ecology, development 14, Nr. 3 (10.10.2019): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-3-138-143.

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Aim. Identification of metal transference characteristics in components of the ecosystem of the north‐western part of the Caspian Sea. Material and Methods. Sampling was carried out according to generally accepted methods and the determination of heavy metals was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy using an atomic absorption spectrometer with electro‐thermal atomization MGA‐915 MD. Results. In studying the migration of trace elements in the trophic chains of the Caspian Sea sturgeon species it was found that: (a) chromium, manganese and iron do not accumulate along the trophic chain researched; (b) accumulation of lead and cobalt above the trophic level occupied by benthic invertebrates did not occur; (c) cadmium, nickel and copper were accumulated primarily by benthic organisms, while cadmium and nickel accumulated in the kidneys of Russian and Persian sturgeons and copper accumulated in the liver of both species (d) bioaccumulation of zinc occurs sequentially in the links: soil‐water‐benthic invertebrates‐benthophage fish (in Russian and Persian sturgeons in their kidneys, liver and muscles) and (e) mercury migrates along the links of the food chain, accumulation coefficients increasing progressively in the system: soil‐Didacna mollusc‐benthophage fish (in Russian and Persian sturgeons in their kidneys, liver and muscles). Conclusion. The accumulation of heavy metals from water amongst aquatic organisms depends on the properties of the metal, its involvement in biochemical processes, species, biological status and the nature of abiotic living conditions.

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Mukanov, Ruslan Vladimirovich, Vladimir Yakovlevich Svintsov und Evgeniya Mikhaylovna Derbasova. „STUDY OF ELECTROSTATIC DISPERSION“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 5 (Mai 2016): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2016.5.130-139.

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The article deals with the problems of studying the process of dispersing liquid fuel and water-fuel emulsions, in particular the characteristics of the dispersed spray in high-potential electrostatic fields. The paper deals with the development of a research method for disperse characteristics of liquid fuels, in particular, the changes in the diameter of the spray particles of liquid fuels and water-fuel emulsions based on them, depending on the intensity of high-grade electrostatic field. These studies are relevant in the creation of new devices based on new dispersion, which are not currently used for fuel atomization and combustion devices, in particular based on the electrostatic dispersion. The currently available methods for assessing dispersion are based on the evaluation of the particle diameter, which are formed by dispersing (particle breakage) of the liquid fuel. The views expressed in the course of the study suggest that the dependence of the particle diameter from the electrostatic field can be estimated not only in case of the destruction of the particles (dispersion), but also in case of the formation (growth) of drops during the expiration of the capillary. In order to confirm the provisions the authors developed the installation and technique to study the changes in the dispersion in dependence with the voltage value of high potential electrostatic field. The results of experimental studies are presented and experimental graphics are built for F5 bunker fuel and water-oil emulsions with different concentrations based on it. On the basis of the experimental data processed by correlation analysis method the authors obtained the mathematical model of diameter changes of the particles under the influence of an electrostatic field, which corresponds to the theory of electrostatic dispersion. The developed technique greatly simplifies the determination of the disperse characteristics of liquid fuel in case of electro-static dispersion.

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Zaritska, Y., N. Biront und A. Galaburda. „MONITORING OF MICROELEMENTS AND INORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN FEEDS AND FEED RAW MATERIALS OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION 2019 YEAR“. Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 22, Nr. 2 (07.10.2021): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2021-22-2.16.

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The article presents the results of research conducted at the State Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives during 2019 year on the presence of trace elements and inorganic contaminants in feed and feed raw materials of domestic production. The analysis of 62 samples of feed for different species of farm animals and poultry and 25 samples of feed materials was performed. Sample preparation was performed by acid decomposition in nitric acid using a laboratory microwave system with closed autoclaves. The content of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with electro thermal atomization. The copper content fluctuated within 1.2 - 42.8 mg/kg, the zinc content 13.6 - 251.0 mg/kg, the lead content 0.025 - 4.07 mg/kg, the cadmium content ranged from 0.0035 to 0.25 mg/kg in tested feed samples. The content of lead was in the range of 0.018 - 0.42 mg/kg and of cadmium 0.027 - 0.92 mg/kg in studies feed materials. According to the obtained results, it was found that the zinc content exceeded the maximum permissible level in three samples of feed for pigs. This is 5% of the tested feed. The inorganic contaminants content (lead and cadmium) and copper did not exceed the maximum permissible levels in feed in our studies. The cadmium content exceeded the permissible levels in seven samples of feed materials. This is 28 % of the tested feed materials samples. The lead content did not violate the MLR in the study. Feed raw materials made from sunflower were contaminated, meal and cake namely. Among the contaminated samples, two samples contained three times more cadmium than the legal level. These results confirm the literature on the ability of sunflower to actively accumulate cadmium, in particular in seeds. Inspection of feed and feed materials demonstrates the need for more thorough and systematic control, both at the stage of cultivation and in the process of harvesting, drying and processing at different stages of feed production.

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Vijaya N. Aher. „Simulation of Launch Pad Atomization for Military Weapon System“. Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 32, Nr. 3 (19.10.2024): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cana.v32.2011.

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This study aims to optimize three critical parameters (inclination angle, hook lifting, and sparking) for a missile launching system by combining precise mathematical methods, IoT concepts, and advanced sensor technologies. The system uses an Inertial Navigation System (INS) in conjunction with gyro and proximity sensors to ensure accurate target interception by carefully determining the optimal launch angle. The Internet of Things concept is integrated effortlessly, with a clever coordinating WiFi networking, weight estimation, and sensor data processing for real-time cloud data flow. Security protocols protect the integrity of the data, and a reliable power supply system guarantees reliable operation. The project incorporates both Hot Start and Cold Start functionalities, enabling dependable launches and prompt adaptations to dynamic changes. Flexible igniting mechanisms such as Chemical, Electrical, and Electro-Chemical systems are available, and reliable and secure missile launches are prioritized with safety features like Spark Damping Inner Tube Coating and Moisture-Resistant igniting. All things considered, this project prioritizes security, dependability, and adaptability while addressing critical elements required for a sophisticated and efficient missile launching system.

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Tsai, Shirley C., Yu L. Song, Yuan F. Chou, J. H. Cheng und Chen S. Tsai. „Efficient Atomization Using MHz MEMS-Based Ultrasonic Nozzles“. MRS Proceedings 872 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-872-j10.6.

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AbstractThis paper reports on the preliminary results of atomization using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based 3-Fourier horn 0.5 MHz silicon ultrasonic nozzles. The droplets produced are monodisperse with 7.1 μm drop diameter in good agreement with that predicted by pure capillary wave atomization mechanism. This drop diameter is much smaller than that obtainable using conventional ultrasonic nebulizers operating at three times higher frequency.

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Tang, YanKun, Penghui Lai, Zongxin Hu, Yu Luo, Hairong Wang und Lingmin Yu. „A hard mask process and alignment device aims to achieve high consistency and mass-scale production of gas sensors based on spraying hydrothermal gas sensing material“. Review of Scientific Instruments 94, Nr. 10 (01.10.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0155416.

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The material synthesized through the hydrothermal method has received extensive and in-depth study in recent years, with a large number of literature reporting their excellent performance in the fields of catalysis or gas sensitivity. In order to combine the hydrothermal material with micro-electro-mechanical system processes to achieve large-scale manufacturing of hydrothermal synthesized materials at the wafer-level, this paper proposes a series of processes for hard mask patterned electro-atomization spraying of hydrothermal materials and designs and manufactures an alignment device that achieves the alignment of silicon hard mask and electrode wafers based on the vacuum clamping principle. Through experiments, it has been verified that this device can achieve micrometer-level alignment between the hard mask and the electrode wafer. By conducting electro-atomization spraying, hard mask patterning, optical microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscope measurements, as well as gas sensitivity testing on a CeO2/TiO2 hydrothermal composite material published in our previous research, it was further verified that this process has good film formation consistency (Sa and Sq are both less than 3 μm and the average film thickness deviation is less than 5 μm), excellent and consistent gas sensitivity performance, and good long-term working stability. This article provides a promising process method for the large-scale production of hydrothermal synthesis materials at the wafer-level.

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Song, Y. L., Chih H. Cheng, Ning Wang, Shirley C. Tsai, Yuan F. Chou, Ching T. Lee und Chen S. Tsai. „MEMS-Based MHz Silicon Ultrasonic Nozzles for Production of Monodisperse Drops“. MRS Proceedings 1052 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1052-dd08-07.

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AbstractThis paper reports production of 4.5 μm-diameter monodisperse water drops using a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based 1 MHz 3-Fourier horn ultrasonic nozzle. The required electrical drive voltage for atomization was 6.5 V at 964±1 kHz that is in good agreements with the values obtained by impedance measurement and by the three-dimensional (3-D) simulation using a commercial finite element analysis program. Such small diameter drops with geometrical standard deviation (GSD) as small as 1.2 and 90% inhale-able fine particle fraction (<5.8 μm-diameter) were achieved in ultrasonic atomization for the first time. Therefore, the MEMS-based MHz ultrasonic nozzles should have potential application to targeted delivery of reproducible doses of medicine to the respiratory system.

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Ray, Alok Kumar. „Instability Modes and Scaling Analysis During Electro-Hydro-Dynamic-Atomization: Theoretical and Experimental Study“. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 15.07.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-024-00567-x.

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Zhang, Zhongkai, Xueqing Hu, Yifeng Pei, Xiao Han, Bin Yan, Yinjie Qian, Hao Dong, Xiaobin Yu und Zhiqiang Cheng. „Mosquito Repellent microcapsules of Nepeta essential oil were prepared by electro‐atomization complex coacervation“. Polymer International, 28.03.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.6525.

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Savio A, Dominic, Balaji C, Vigneshwaran T und Rathinam A. „Software Modeling of Direct Wind to Energy Generator“. Journal of Engineering Research, 03.01.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36909/jer.14795.

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The Wind Energy is one of the cleanest sources of electrical energy. Commercial wind turbines deliver the promise of being practically realizable with the cost of having an extremely large footprint and being haunted by the Betz Limit. This paper gives an idea of Direct Wind to Energy Conversion which aims to produce electrical energy by harnessing wind’s kinetic energy, devoid of any rotational mechanism. The method in question utilizes the technique of Electro-Hydro-Dynamic Atomization (EHDA) to atomize charged working fluid to deposit its particles on collector electrodes using wind as a carrier. A comparative analysis of several working fluids was conducted to optimize energy production. Simulations on the charged particle trajectory were conducted based on historical average wind speed values to enhance electrode placement which in turn led to design iterations and increased efficiency.

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Sanders, J. Elliott, Lu Wang, Gabriella Brinkley und Douglas J. Gardner. „Production of nano-scale cellulose nanocrystal powder via electrospray drying (ESD) for sustainable composites“. Cellulose, 07.06.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05217-5.

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AbstractThis research introduces the use of electrospray drying (ESD) using the electro-hydro dynamic atomization (EHDA) mechanism to produce dry nano-scale cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) powder from a 3 wt% aqueous suspension. The nano-scale CNC suspensions being mostly water are energy intensive to dry. Gas atomization in convection spray drying (SD) produces micron-scale CNC powder during dehydration. The ESD mechanism utilizes coulomb repulsion to overcome the suspension’s liquid surface tension and produces ultra-fine droplets. The droplets dehydrate after falling a fixed distance at atmospheric temperature and pressure, leaving nano-scale powder CNCs. Drying CNCs in suspension occurred after reducing the liquid’s surface tension by mixing 40% (wt) ethanol and 60 (wt) de-ionized (DI) water. The suspension feed rate was optimized at 6 µL min−1 and four syringes were employed to increase CNC powder production rates. Particle dimensions, observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measured by image analysis software, ranged from 40 to 1200 nm in length and 10–500 nm in width. Up to 80% of the sprayed CNCs in suspension were recovered from a parallel plate collector and contained ~ 5 wt% water content. Adding 0.5 wt% nano-scale powder CNCs in the poly-lactic acid (PLA) tensile strength by 10.3% and elastic modulus by 9.9%. The tensile yield strength and elastic modulus of nano-scale CNC/PLA composite specimens were 62.5 MPa and 3.66 GPa, respectively. For comparison, 0.5 wt% SD micron scale CNC/PLA composite only increased strength 5.1 and stiffness 1.3% at the same processing conditions. Graphical abstract

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Mousavi, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Arash Koocheki, Behrouz Ghorani und Mohebbat Mohebbi. „Physicochemical characteristics of liposomal curcumin immobilized in hybrid alginate/ Alyssum homocarpum seed gum hydrogels by electro-hydrodynamic atomization“. Food Hydrocolloids, Januar 2025, 111081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2025.111081.

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Viscione, Davide, Pier Paolo Brancaleoni, Giacomo Silvagni, Vittorio Ravaglioli, Gian Marco Bianchi, Davide Moro, Matteo De Cesare und Federico Stola. „Experimental characterization of the injected mass variation in a high-pressure GDI injector operating with a multiple injection strategy“. International Journal of Engine Research, 13.10.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680874231201263.

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Increasingly stringent limits to pollutants released by Internal Combustion Engines pushed the automotive research to develop technologies to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Higher injection pressures are beneficial to accelerate the atomization phase, reducing the particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. However, the spray protrusion inside the combustion chamber is enhanced and, consequently, the generation of a thick wall film, which tends to increase the latter emissions. Thus, multiple-injection strategies might be beneficial for both the atomization rate and the spray penetration, owing to a stratified charge inside the chamber. This paper investigates the effect of the adoption of multiple-injection strategies on the behaviour of a GDI injector operating in high injection pressure conditions. The resulting injected mass is influenced by electrical phenomena on the excitation circuit, which mainly depend on the relative time between the end of the first injection and the start of the following. Hence, the total amount of fuel injected with the multiple-injection pattern will differ from its nominal value. In this work, a specific experimental layout was developed to characterize the behaviour of the injector in different operating conditions and quantify the deviation between actual and nominal injected mass. The impact of the magnetized coils on the overall injected mass has been captured referring to the modification of the shape of the driving current profile with respect to the nominal one. Then, a correlation which considers the electric charge variation on the coils has been implemented to model the phenomenon and, consequently, to counterbalance the electro-magnetic effect on the injected mass. The resulting strategy successfully allowed to reduce the difference between the actual and target fuel mass from up to 30% to almost 5%, owing to its implementation on the injection control system to automatically correct the injection commands and compensate the fuel mass deviations.

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