Zeitschriftenartikel: „Electric vehicle sharing“

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Zhang, Kai, Hongwei Guo, Guangzheng Yao, Chenggang Li, Yujie Zhang und Wuhong Wang. „Modeling Acceptance of Electric Vehicle Sharing Based on Theory of Planned Behavior“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 12 (10.12.2018): 4686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124686.

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The electric vehicle (EV) is a kind of innovation helping to address the issue of climate change and conventional energy consumption, compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. Electric vehicle sharing is a new way to promote the market penetration of electric vehicles due to its convenience and economy. Aiming to provide a more profound understanding of the influential factors in the acceptance of electric vehicle sharing, a structural equation model is proposed based on the theory of planned behavior as the policy environment has been added as prepositive variable. The data about the travelers’ perspective of electric vehicle sharing are acquired from questionnaires in Beijing. The results indicate that the perceived behavioral control is the primary factor with positive contributions to EV-sharing acceptance. Subjective norm, ranking second, is also proven to exert a significant positive effect on EV-sharing acceptance. The results also reveal the insignificant relationship between the attitude towards behavior and sharing acceptance, which is consistent with relevant research. Moreover, the significant positive effects of policy support on attitude and subjective norm are demonstrated. Finally, strategies to promote electric vehicle sharing are proposed, including providing more accessible resources (charging facility, service station), improving social pressure (free trial, sharing atmosphere), and strengthening policy support (financial support, legal guarantee). This study can give a better understanding of the acceptance of EV sharing and the strategy to promoting EV sharing in urban traffic.

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Long, Yi, Yiyi Zhang, Hongliang Sun, Xingze Hou und Jianfeng Xiao. „A Developed Vehicle Terminal of Time-Sharing Rental Electric Vehicle Using Acoustic Communication Technology“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 24 (11.12.2019): 5408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245408.

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With the rapid development of the time-sharing rental business model for electric vehicles, the remote control speed of the electric vehicle terminals device, as the most important part of the whole time-sharing rental business process, affects directly the integrity of the business process and the using feelings of consumers. However, the traditional remote control system by using general packet radio service (GPRS), 3G, and 4G long term evolution (LTE) wireless communication methods responds longer and slower in weak signal area, which directly affects the user’s feeling and management strength of platform management center for the electric vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, (1) the acoustic communication technology as an auxiliary communication method is introduced in the novel vehicle terminal; (2) In order to increase the anti-noise ability, “amplitude-shift keying (ASK) + frequency-shift keying (FSK)” compound modulation and “double microphone input” technology are used in the vehicle terminal, which develops a novel vehicle terminal with the high anti-noise acoustic wave communication function for the electric vehicle in time-sharing rental mode; and (3) the mobile phone acoustic waves can be used by the proposed vehicle terminal to control the door of electric vehicle, which provides a firm technical support for ensuring the fluency and completeness of the whole process. Tests prove that the acoustic communication technology of the novel vehicle terminal can realize the rapid response of the vehicle terminal, which effectively solves the problem of a prolonged and slow response in the vehicle terminal of the electric vehicle in the weak signal area.

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Nanda Kumar, CS, und Shankar C. Subramanian. „Brake force sharing to improve lateral stability while regenerative braking in a turn“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, Nr. 3 (26.12.2017): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017747373.

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In electric and hybrid vehicles, regenerative braking is applied only at the driven wheels by the electric drive, whereas the non-driven wheels are not subjected to brake force during the pure regenerative braking mode. The application of pure regenerative brake may affect the vehicle’s lateral stability during a turn. The impact could be more severe when the pure regenerative brake is applied at the turn on the rear wheels (for a rear wheel drive vehicle) over a low friction road surface. As part of a solution to reduce this impact, a brake force sharing (BFS) strategy between regenerative and friction brake has been proposed in this paper, which improves the brake force distribution between front and rear wheels to ensure a stable turn. The vehicle model and the BFS strategy were developed, and the IPG Car Maker® software was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The simulation results on BFS strategy have been corroborated using experimental data collected from a test vehicle. Further, a closed loop control structure was developed for implementing the proposed BFS strategy in electric and hybrid vehicles.

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Xue, Yixi, Yi Zhang und Yi Chen. „An Evaluation Framework for the Planning of Electric Car-Sharing Systems: A Combination Model of AHP-CBA-VD“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 20 (12.10.2019): 5627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205627.

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The combination of car-sharing and electric vehicles can increase the acceptance of electric vehicles and facilitate car-sharing to be a more sustainable means of transport. However, this also poses more challenges for the good planning of electric car-sharing systems. To assist car-sharing companies in improving the planning decisions, this paper developed an evaluation framework from a comprehensive view. In the first step, four evaluation criteria were identified according to the planning process: construction of stations; routine inspection; vehicle usability and relocation management; and the maintenance and replacement of stations. Then, a combinatorial method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and Voronoi diagram (VD) is developed to determine the relative weight of the four criteria and evaluate the alternative. Finally, the evaluation framework was applied in a realistic case of EVCARD, which is the most influential electric car-sharing company in China. The performance of two different operational districts of EVCARD—Jingan and Changning—were compared. The results showed that vehicle usability and relocation management is the greatest criterion influencing the planning performance of the electric car-sharing system in China, and that routine inspection is a negligible but important factor. According to the relative scores, Jiagan District performed better than Changning district.

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Yang, Jun, Yangjia Lin, Fuzhang Wu und Lei Chen. „Subsidy and Pricing Model of Electric Vehicle Sharing Based on Two-Stage Stackelberg Game – A Case Study in China“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 8 (19.04.2019): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081631.

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Electric vehicle sharing provides an effective way to improve the traffic situation and relieve environmental pressure. The government subsidy policy and the car-sharing operator’s pricing strategy are the key factors that affect the large-scale application of electric vehicle sharing. To address this issue, a subsidy and pricing model for electric vehicle sharing based on the two-stage Stackelberg game is proposed in this paper according to the current situation in China. First, an electric vehicle sharing operation mode under government participation is constructed. Then, a two-stage Stackelberg game model involving the government, the car-sharing operator and the consumers is proposed to determine the subsidy rates and pricing strategies. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain the Nash equilibrium of the model. Also, the influence of private car cost and shared travel comfort on subsidy rates and pricing strategies is analyzed. Finally, the simulation of electric vehicle sharing in a town of China is carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed subsidy and price model. The simulation results show that the model rationally formulates subsidy policies and pricing strategies of the electric vehicle sharing to balance the interests of the three participants, mobilizing users’ enthusiasm while guaranteeing the benefits of the government and operator, making the overall benefit optimal.

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Luè, Alessandro, Alberto Colorni, Roberto Nocerino und Valerio Paruscio. „Green Move: An Innovative Electric Vehicle-Sharing System“. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012): 2978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1265.

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Hu, Xu, Zhaojun Yang, Jun Sun und Yali Zhang. „Sharing economy of electric vehicle private charge posts“. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 152 (Oktober 2021): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2021.09.001.

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Zhang, Bo, Lei Wang, Li Li, Xu Lei und Yongfeng Ju. „Vehicle Assignment considering Battery Endurance for Electric Vehicle Carsharing Systems“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (25.01.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8863985.

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On-demand station-based one-way carsharing is widely adopted for battery electric vehicle sharing systems, which is regarded as a supplement of urban mobility and a promising approach to the utilization of green energy vehicles. The service model of these carsharing systems allows users to select vehicles based on their own judgment on vehicle battery endurance, while users tend to pick up vehicles with the longest endurance distances. This phenomenon makes instant-access systems lose efficiency on matching available vehicles with diverse user requests and limits carsharing systems for higher capacity. We proposed a vehicle assignment method to allocate vehicles to users that maximize the utility of battery, which requires the system to enable short-term reservation rather than instant access. The methodology is developed from an agent-based discrete event simulation framework with a first-come-first-serve logic module for instant access mode and a resource matching optimization module for short-term reservation mode. Results show that the short-term reservation mode can at most serve 20% more users and create 47% more revenue than instant access mode under the scenario of this research. This paper also points out the equilibrium between satisfying more users by efficiently allocating vehicles and distracting users by disabling instant access and suggests that the reservation time could be 15 minutes.

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LI, YANFEI, und ROBERT KOCHHAN. „POLICIES AND BUSINESS MODELS FOR THE ELECTRIC MOBILITY REVOLUTION: THE CASE STUDY ON SINGAPORE“. Singapore Economic Review 62, Nr. 05 (Dezember 2017): 1195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759081550109x.

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A detailed total cost of ownership (TCO) model, with well-to-wheel carbon emissions assessment, is developed to analyze the economic competitiveness of battery electric vehicle (BEV) against conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in Singapore. The model fully integrates the unique economic, institutional and social features of Singapore related to the ownership and usage of a passenger vehicle into consideration. Assuming current technologies and no change in the regulatory and policy framework, it is found that BEV is already economically competitive in certain niche markets of Singapore, such as small and midsize vehicles for car-sharing and corporate uses. In the near future, with technological progress, BEVs will become competitive in most parts of the Singapore passenger vehicle market, including small vehicles for household and small and midsize vehicles for car-sharing, corporate and taxi uses. However, certain supportive policies are called for, based on policy simulation results, to effectively accelerate the adoption of BEVs. Evidence also shows that supports should be given to the development of charging infrastructure at an early stage of BEV adoption.

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Wang, Ning, Runlin Yan und Gangzhan Fu. „Optimal battery capacity for an electric-vehicle-sharing-model in the People’s Republic of China“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, Nr. 11 (12.12.2016): 1471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016675246.

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A project on electric vehicle sharing has been previously carried out as a demonstration operation in Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou and Shenzhen in the People’s Republic of China. The high initial investment caused by the high cost of batteries limits commercialization of an electric-vehicle-sharing model. Therefore, a key problem that the operators must solve is to choose the appropriate battery capacity for shared electric vehicles based on different urban driving cycles. Based on three new energy vehicles (i.e. electric vehicles) for demonstration cities of different scales as represented by Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hefei, a whole-life-cycle evaluation model of economic benefits for shared battery electric vehicles was established in this paper. The optimal battery capacity for different substitution rates was calculated using MATLAB software. Then, the influences that the substitution rate, the urban driving cycle, the average daily travel distance, the service price, the charging price, the battery (cycle) life, the battery pack cost and the government subsidy have on the optimal battery capacity in the life-cycle economic benefit model was explained. Suggestions for the optimal battery capacity are provided for operators in different cities. The results indicate that the purchasing cost, the energy consumption cost and the battery depreciation cost are the three main components of the life-cycle cost, which account for more than 80%. The average daily travel distance and the local government subsidy affect the optimal battery capacity only for certain substitution rates. The life-cycle economic benefits of one shared electric vehicle is found to have the most influence on the service price. This paper suggests that shared battery electric vehicles with different battery sizes of 44.5 kW h, 34.9 kW h and 36.96 kW h are suitable for use in metropolitan cities, in large-sized to medium-sized cities and in medium-sized to small-sized cities respectively, as represented correspondingly by Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hefei.

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Huang, Yongyi, Atsushi Yona, Hiroshi Takahashi, Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida, Paras Mandal, Alexey Mikhaylov, Tomonobu Senjyu und Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy. „Energy Management System Optimization of Drug Store Electric Vehicles Charging Station Operation“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 11 (30.05.2021): 6163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116163.

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Electric vehicle charging station have become an urgent need in many communities around the world, due to the increase of using electric vehicles over conventional vehicles. In addition, establishment of charging stations, and the grid impact of household photovoltaic power generation would reduce the feed-in tariff. These two factors are considered to propose setting up charging stations at convenience stores, which would enable the electric energy to be shared between locations. Charging stations could collect excess photovoltaic energy from homes and market it to electric vehicles. This article examines vehicle travel time, basic household energy demand, and the electricity consumption status of Okinawa city as a whole to model the operation of an electric vehicle charging station for a year. The entire program is optimized using MATLAB mixed integer linear programming (MILP) toolbox. The findings demonstrate that a profit could be achieved under the principle of ensuring the charging station’s stable service. Household photovoltaic power generation and electric vehicles are highly dependent on energy sharing between regions. The convenience store charging station service strategy suggested gives a solution to the future issues.

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He, Long, Ho-Yin Mak, Ying Rong und Zuo-Jun Max Shen. „Service Region Design for Urban Electric Vehicle Sharing Systems“. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 19, Nr. 2 (Mai 2017): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0611.

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Aveklouris, Angelos, Maria Vlasiou und Bert Zwart. „A Stochastic Resource-Sharing Network for Electric Vehicle Charging“. IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems 6, Nr. 3 (September 2019): 1050–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2019.2915651.

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Arena, Marika, Alberto Colorni, Giovanni Azzone, Roberto Nocerino, Alessandro Luè und Antonio Conte. „Service design in electric vehicle sharing: evidence from Italy“. IET Intelligent Transport Systems 9, Nr. 2 (01.03.2015): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2013.0034.

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Lu, Meng, Gabriel Domingues-Olavarría, Francisco J. Márquez-Fernández, Pontus Fyhr und Mats Alaküla. „Electric Drivetrain Optimization for a Commercial Fleet with Different Degrees of Electrical Machine Commonality“. Energies 14, Nr. 11 (21.05.2021): 2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14112989.

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At present, the prevalence of electric vehicles is increasing continuously. In particular, there are promising applications for commercial vehicles transferring from conventional to full electric, due to lower operating costs and stricter emission regulations. Thus, cost analysis from the fleet perspective becomes important. The study of cost competitiveness of different drivetrain designs is necessary to evaluate the fleet cost variance for different degrees of electrical machine commonality. This paper presents a methodology to find a preliminary powertrain design that minimizes the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for an entire fleet of electric commercial vehicles while fulfilling the performance requirements of each vehicle type. This methodology is based on scalable electric machine models, and particle swarm is used as the main optimization algorithm. The results show that the total cost penalty incurred when sharing the same electrical machine is small, therefore, there is a cost saving potential in higher degrees of electrical machine commonality.

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Song, Wei, und Xin He Chen. „Design and Implementation of the Management Platform for Electric Vehicle and Charging Electric Facilities“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (Dezember 2012): 1987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1987.

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In order to achieve the management of electric vehicle and related operating facilities to solve the problem that the information of different electric vehicle charging stations cannot be shared, the problem of information silos, this paper designs and implements the CAN bus based electric vehicle charging station management platform, this platform can monitor electric vehicle and facilities, collect real-time data and make analysis and statistics to solve the problem of information silos of electric vehicle and charging exchange power facilities information sharing and reduce the effect of electric vehicle charging to grid. This platform using Struts, Hibernate and Ajax technology. This platform has been applied to Chengdu charging station, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the platform.

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Lima, Sarah Mesquita, Vladia Celia Monteiro Pinheiro, José Dickson Araújo De Oliveira, Carlos De Oliveira Caminha Neto und André Soares Lopes. „Modelos de Negócios Aplicados a Compartilhamento de Veículos Elétricos“. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 9, Nr. 3 (26.10.2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2018v9i3p122-134.

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It is very important that we may propose solution that allow us to diminish the consumption of gas and oil to run our light vehicle fleet. In this sense, a good alternative to the oil-dependent vehicles are the electric vehicles, although, consumers are resistant in adopting the electric car. A solution that was identified is electric car sharing. Considering the importance of promoting and diffusion of electric car-sharing, this paper aims to present the characterization of such business models implemented around the world, by using secondary-data analysis from each observed case, employing an adapted version of Weiller and Neely (2013) characterization model. The current research is a descriptive and qualitative based multiple-case study. The population is of 20 electric-car sharing models, located in 14 different countries. It was observed that the cost reduction of batteries accompanies the reduction of electric-car ownership cost. Moreover, the characterized business models did not make it any easier for technological innovation. It was also noted that predominantly, the risks and costs of electricity are borne by the service providers (taxed); that models encourage change in customer behavior; and that the models are not advantageous for long distances, given the low autonomy of the vehicles and restrictions of reach of the companies. Results corroborate Bohnsack, Pinkse and Kolk (2014), as it observes services-oriented business models. However, regarding the fear of limited vehicle autonomy, reported by Egbue and Long (2012) and Lim, Mak and Rong (2014), business models are not being elaborated and executed in the sense of solving it, which can be indicated as a discouraging factor to use of shared vehicles.

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Ren, Chuanxiang, Jinbo Wang, Yongquan You und Yu Zhang. „Routing Optimization for Shared Electric Vehicles with Ride-Sharing“. Complexity 2020 (09.09.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9560135.

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Shared electric vehicles (SEVs) are becoming a new way for urban residents to travel because of their environmental protection, energy saving, and sustainable development. However, at present, the operation mode of shared electric vehicles has the problem that the vehicle cannot be utilized efficiently. For this reason, this paper studied the mode of SEVs with ride-sharing (MSEVRS) and SEVs routing optimization under this mode. Firstly, the operation principle of MSEVRS is presented, which includes the collection of user demand information and SEVs information and the routing optimization of SEVs, both of which are completed by the user and SEVs management center. Secondly, the routing optimization model of SEVs with ride-sharing is proposed, in which the SEVs operation cost, user time cost, user rental cost, and user ride-sharing bonus are taken into account. And the genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. Finally, a case study is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed routing optimization model achieves the optimal SEVs route, realizes the MSEVRS, and improves the utilization rate of SEVs. Compared with the current SEVs mode (CSEVM), the MSEVRS reduces the number of vehicles, user rental cost, the total cost of users, and the total cost of user and company of SEVs. And the total distance is reduced, which means saving energy. Moreover, it shows that MSEVRS obtains a better cost performance and service for users and has a better application prospect.

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Ramineni, Punyavathi, und Alagappan Pandian. „Study and Investigation of Energy Management Techniques Used in Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicles“. Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, Nr. 4 (31.08.2021): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540409.

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Many pollution-related issues are raising due to the usage of conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) vehicles. Electric Vehicles/ Hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs) are the finest solutions to overcome those problems associated with ICE-based vehicles. The EVs are introduced with a signal energy source (SES), which is not a successful attempt, especially during transient vehicles, driving, etc. Multiple energy sources (MES) EVs are introduced to attain better performance than the SES vehicles, which is obtained by combining two sources like battery/fuel cells, ultracapacitor. In this contest, energy management (EMNG) plays a vital role in sharing the load to the sources as per the EVs requirement. In the case of MES-based EVs, the controller always plays a significant role in the related EMNG system because it is the key factor in improving vehicle efficiency. In this article, a study has mainly been done related to several conventional, intelligent controllers and control algorithms to do the proper EMNG between sources present in the EV.

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Bruglieri, Maurizio, Alberto Colorni und Alessandro Luè. „The relocation problem for the one-way electric vehicle sharing“. Networks 64, Nr. 4 (27.11.2014): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/net.21585.

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Utami, Martha Widhi Dela, Yuniaristanto Yuniaristanto und Wahyudi Sutopo. „Adoption Intention Model of Electric Vehicle in Indonesia“. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 19, Nr. 1 (07.06.2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020.

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Indonesia’s government was targeting the adoption of 2.1 million units of two-wheeled electric vehicles and 2,200 units of four-wheeled electric vehicles in 2025 through the Republic of Indonesia's Presidential Regulation No. 22 in 2017 about the National Energy General Plan. In 2019, the Government of Indonesia issued Presidential Regulation No. 55 in 2019 concerning the Acceleration of the Battery Electric Vehicle Program for Road Transportation. In 2018, the adoption of two-wheeled electric vehicles only reached 0.14% of the government's target for 2025. Therefore, the adoption of Electric Motorcycle (EM) technology must also consider many factors to be successful. This research develops a non-behavioral electric vehicle adoption intention model. The factors include sociodemographic, financial, technological, and macro-level. The online survey involved 1,223 respondents. Logistic regression is used to obtain the function and probability value of intention to adopt EM in Indonesia. Frequency of sharing on social media, level of environmental awareness, purchase prices, maintenance costs, maximum speed, battery charging time, availability of charging station infrastructure at work, availability of home power based- charging infrastructure, purchase incentive policies, and charging cost discount incentive policies are significantly influencing the intention to adopt electric vehicles. It also shows that the opportunity for Indonesians to adopt electric motorcycles reaches 82.90%. The realization of the adoption of electric motorcycles in Indonesia requires infrastructure readiness and costs that can be accepted by consumers. Lastly, the results of this research provide some suggestions for the government and businesses to accelerate electric motorcycle adoption in Indonesia.

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NAKAYAMA, Shoichiro, Toshiyuki YAMAMOTO und Ryuichi KITAMURA. „A Study for Efficient Management of an Electric-Vehicle Sharing System without Vehicle Dispatching“. INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 19 (2002): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.19.481.

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Zhang, Dong, Yang Liu und Shuangchi He. „Vehicle assignment and relays for one-way electric car-sharing systems“. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 120 (Februar 2019): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2018.12.004.

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Seo, Yong Won. „Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicle Sharing System for Optimized Operation“. Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation 25, Nr. 4 (31.12.2016): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.9709/jkss.2016.25.4.093.

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Bianchessi, Andrea G., Gianpaolo Cugola, Simone Formentin, Angelo C. Morzenti, Carlo Ongini, Emanuele Panigati, Matteo Rossi et al. „Green Move: A Platform for Highly Configurable, Heterogeneous Electric Vehicle Sharing“. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 6, Nr. 3 (2014): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mits.2014.2323421.

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Karki, Menaka, Dol Raj Kunwar, Bijay Sharma, Sunil Paudel und Tanka Nath Ojha. „Power Flow management among PV, BESS and Grid for EV Charging“. Technical Journal 1, Nr. 1 (01.07.2019): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27708.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) are the cleanest means of transportation compared to the conventional vehicles. Unlike conventional vehicles, EVs do not depend on petroleum products and thus use of electric vehicle is going to dominate the transportation sector soon. The battery electric vehicles need charging stations for their battery to charge. The proposed topology focuses on power flow management for charging of EV loads. it proposes electric vehicle charging system in which vehicle owners are allowed to park their vehicle in the charging station and EVs are charged up to their desired SOC level. The proposed system promotes penetration of RES to a larger extent which minimizes the kwh cost of grid energy consumption, and hence generating significant economical revenue of the charging station. In this paper, charging station is modeled with PV, battery and grid, and power management strategies are proposed among them. Regulation of load sharing and prevention of mismatch between circulating currents supplied by power sources is implemented using fixed droop method. The trend of power demand by EVs in the charging station is estimated and matching between demand and supply is implemented. Energy storage system is used in order to support continuous power availability in the station. The simulations are successfully implemented to validate the effectiveness of the system and to demonstrate the load management system by the uncoordinated method of charging. The overall system is implemented by algorithm run in MATLAB/Simulink.

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Brandstätter, Georg, Markus Leitner und Ivana Ljubić. „Location of Charging Stations in Electric Car Sharing Systems“. Transportation Science 54, Nr. 5 (September 2020): 1408–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0931.

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Electric vehicles are prime candidates for use within urban car sharing systems, both from economic and environmental perspectives. However, their relatively short range necessitates frequent and rather time-consuming recharging throughout the day. Thus, charging stations must be built throughout the system’s operational area where cars can be charged between uses. In this work, we introduce and study an optimization problem that models the task of finding optimal locations and sizes for charging stations, using the number of expected trips that can be accepted (or their resulting revenue) as a gauge of quality. Integer linear programming formulations and construction heuristics are introduced, and the resulting algorithms are tested on grid-graph-based instances, as well as on real-world instances from Vienna. The results of our computational study show that the best-performing exact algorithm solves most of the benchmark instances to optimality and usually provides small optimality gaps for the remaining ones, whereas our heuristics provide high-quality solutions very quickly. Our algorithms also provide better solutions than a sequential approach that considers strategic and operational decisions separately. A cross-validation study analyzes the algorithms’ performance in cases where demand is uncertain and shows the advantage of combining individual solutions into a single consensus solution, and a simulation study investigates their behavior in car sharing systems that provide their customers with more flexibility regarding vehicle selection.

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Usama, Muhammad, Yongjun Shen und Onaira Zahoor. „Towards an Energy Efficient Solution for Bike-Sharing Rebalancing Problems: A Battery Electric Vehicle Scenario“. Energies 12, Nr. 13 (28.06.2019): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132503.

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A free-float bike-sharing system faces various operational challenges to maintain good service quality while optimizing the operational cost. The primary problems include the fulfillment of the users demand at all stations, and the replacement of faulty bikes presented in the system. This study focuses on a free-float bike-sharing system rebalancing problem (FFBP) with faulty bikes using battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The target inventory of bikes at each station is obtained while minimizing the total traveling time through the presented formulation. Using CPLEX solver, the model is demonstrated through numerical experiments considering the various vehicle and battery capacities, and a cost–benefit analysis is performed for BEV and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) while taking the BEV manufacturing and indirect emission into account. The results show that the annual cost incurred on an ICEV is 56.9% more as compared to the cost of using an equivalent BEV. Since BEVs consume less energy than conventional ICEVs, the use of BEVs for rebalancing the bike-sharing systems results in significant energy savings for an urban transport network. Moreover, the life cycle emissions of an ICEV are 48.3% more as compared to an equivalent BEV. Furthermore, the operational cost of a BEV significantly reduces with the increase in battery capacity.

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Jun, Wang, Li Xincong, Xia Minhao, Xu Lin und Wang Bing. „Research on charging strategy of electric vehicle considering user and load curve“. E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602003.

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With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the disordered charging of large-scale electric vehicles will have a great impact on the safe operation of regional distribution network. In order to solve the security problems that may occur in the power grid, this paper uses the time-sharing pricing time division method for EV charging to meet the needs of EV users. Based on this method, a multi-objective optimization model is established, which takes the electric vehicle charging capacity and power as the constraints, and based on the minimum user charging cost and the minimum load curve variance. Then, the model is solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA -Ⅱ), and the optimal compromise solution is extracted by using fuzzy set theory. Finally, the correctness of the proposed model is verified by the example.

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Fuentes, Manuel, Jesús Fraile-Ardanuy, José L. Risco-Martín und José M. Moya. „Feasibility Study of a Building-Integrated PV Manager to Power a Last-Mile Electric Vehicle Sharing System“. International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8679183.

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Transportation is one of the largest single sources of air pollution in urban areas. This paper analyzes a model of solar-powered vehicle sharing system using building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), resulting in a zero-emission and zero-energy mobility system for last-mile employee transportation. As a case study, an electric bicycle sharing system between a public transportation hub and a work center is modeled mathematically and optimized in order to minimize the number of pickup trips to satisfy the demand, while minimizing the total energy consumption of the system. The whole mobility system is fully powered with BIPV-generated energy. Results show a positive energy balance in e-bike batteries and pickup vehicle batteries in the worst day of the year regarding solar radiation. Even in this worst-case scenario, we achieve reuse rates of 3.8 people per bike, using actual data. The proposed system manages PV energy using only the batteries from the electric vehicles, without requiring supportive energy storage devices. Energy requirements and PV generation have been analyzed in detail to ensure the feasibility of this approach.

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Stabile, Pietro, Federico Ballo, Gianpiero Mastinu und Massimiliano Gobbi. „An Ultra-Efficient Lightweight Electric Vehicle—Power Demand Analysis to Enable Lightweight Construction“. Energies 14, Nr. 3 (01.02.2021): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030766.

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A detailed analysis of the power demand of an ultraefficient lightweight-battery electric vehicle is performed. The aim is to overcome the problem of lightweight electric vehicles that may have a relatively bad environmental impact if their power demand is not extremely reduced. In particular, electric vehicles have a higher environmental impact during the production phase, which should be balanced by a lower impact during the service life by means of a lightweight design. As an example of an ultraefficient electric vehicle, a prototype for the Shell Eco-marathon competition is considered. A “tank-to-wheel” multiphysics model (thermo-electro-mechanical) of the vehicle was developed in “Matlab-Simscape”. The model includes the battery, the DC motors, the motor controller and the vehicle drag forces. A preliminary model validation was performed by considering experimental data acquisitions completed during the 2019 Shell Eco-marathon European competition at the Brooklands Circuit (UK). Numerical simulations are employed to assess the sharing of the energy consumption among the main dissipation sources. From the analysis, we found that the main sources of mechanical dissipation (i.e., rolling resistance, gravitational/inertial force and aerodynamic drag) have the same role in the defining the power consumption of such kind of vehicles. Moreover, the effect of the main vehicle parameters (i.e., mass, aerodynamic coefficient and tire rolling resistance coefficient) on the energy consumption was analyzed through a sensitivity analysis. Results showed a linear correlation between the variation of the parameters and the power demand, with mass exhibiting the highest influence. The results of this study provide fundamental information to address critical decisions for designing new and more efficient lightweight vehicles, as they allow the designer to clearly identify which are the main parameters to keep under control during the design phase and which are the most promising areas of action.

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Mahmoudi, Chokri, Flah Aymen und Sbita Lassaad. „Smart database concept for Power Management in an electrical vehicle“. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp160-169.

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As world population continues to grow and the limited amount of fossil fuels begin to diminish, it may not be possible to afford the needed amount of energy demanded by the world by only using fossil fuels. Meanwhile, the abundant nature of renewable energy sources brings new beginning for next generations. Greater penetration of electric vehicles will play an important role in building green and healthy world. The main remaining issue to make the switch from conventional to electric vehicle is performance cost; Efficient EVs that can drive for long distances, on single charge, are still expensive for ordinary consumer. To address this range problem, many attempts have been made during last decade. The goal was to conceive a power efficient electric vehicle, capable of managing its energy and reach longer distances. It depends on the electrical architectures and used algorithms.This paper adds new perspective for power Management in EVs; The proposed methodology introduces a new power management architecture based on communication and car learning. The conventional software level in EV has been replaced with self readjustable software. EVs are connected through a database, and can upload or download adjustment parameters while software is running.To take advantage of the new architecture, a new learning technique concept is introduced too, based on Cloud experience exchange between Electric Vehicles. This enhancement aims to build a better EV experience in power management through Cloud sharing and definitely cut with conventional architecture that may have reached its boundaries.

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Deleenheer, William, Lukáš Jáneš und Akshaya Jayakumar. „DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC BICYCLE FOR A SHARING SYSTEM IN PRAGUE“. Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 12 (15.12.2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.12.0024.

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By means of a development of an e-bike sharing system the Electromobility Project wants to provide an alternative way of comfortable transportation for students and staff of the CTU, primarily to commute between different campuses. The research for this project contains at least three different fields of study, namely electric vehicle and docking station development, intelligent transport systems and management and economics of transportation and telecommunication. After briefly stating general requirements for the sharing system, this paper focuses on the development of the electric bicycle. First an ideal bike design is defined. Then necessary motor power and battery capacity are calculated by estimating characteristics of cycling in Prague. A prototype was developed by converting a normal bicycle to an electric bicycle. Being equipped with devices for e-bike monitoring, controlling and data recording for a post trip analysis, this prototype is also intended to have an educational value for future students in the project. Results consist of an electrical bicycle configuration that matches the requirements and a sketch of an ideal e-bike for this project.

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MIZOKAMI, Shoshi, Kenta NAKAMURA und Junya HASHIMOTO. „SIMULATION MODEL FOR INTRODUCTION OF ONE-WAY MICRO ELECTRIC VEHICLE SHARING SCHEME“. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. D3 (Infrastructure Planning and Management) 71, Nr. 5 (2015): I_805—I_816. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejipm.71.i_805.

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35

Xie, Rui, Wei Wei, Qiuwei Wu, Tao Ding und Shengwei Mei. „Optimal Service Pricing and Charging Scheduling of an Electric Vehicle Sharing System“. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69, Nr. 1 (Januar 2020): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2950402.

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36

Wang, Ning, Chengfu Wang, Yuanfang Niu, Ming Yang und Yixiao Yu. „A Two-Stage Charging Facilities Planning Method for Electric Vehicle Sharing Systems“. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.3034557.

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37

Gong, Daqing, Mincong Tang, Borut Buchmeister und Hankun Zhang. „Solving Location Problem for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations—A Sharing Charging Model“. IEEE Access 7 (2019): 138391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2943079.

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Jin, Fanglei, Enjian Yao und Kun An. „Understanding customers’ battery electric vehicle sharing adoption based on hybrid choice model“. Journal of Cleaner Production 258 (Juni 2020): 120764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120764.

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39

Fett, Daniel, Axel Ensslen, Patrick Jochem und Wolf Fichtner. „A Survey on User Acceptance of Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging“. World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, Nr. 3 (22.08.2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9030036.

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This study presents results of a survey-based analysis on user acceptance of wireless electric vehicle charging. A structural equation model is developed based on Davis’ technology acceptance model (TAM). It is expanded integrating elements of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB). The main factors influencing acceptance of wireless electric vehicle charging are evaluated and analyzed. Empirical findings indicate that survey participants’ acceptance of wireless electric vehicle charging is mainly influenced by affective evaluations of wireless charging, subjective norms, perceived usefulness of wireless charging, and environmental awareness. The results indicate a high degree of acceptance for wireless charging. Even individuals with lower degrees of acceptance are willing to use wireless charging within car-sharing or commercial fleets.

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Wołek, Marcin. „CAR SHARING AS AN ELEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY: SOME CONCLUSIONS FOR POLISH CITIES“. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. Ekonomika Transportu i Logistyka 70 (24.11.2017): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5924.

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Passenger car has influenced the development of urban space and results in the consolidation of unreasonable division of transport tasks. The traditional model of its use causes that on a daily basis it is used extensively, contributing, among others in increasing the demand for parking spaces. Car sharing creates the opportunity to increase the efficiency of car usage. Technological developments (teleinformatics, electromobility, vehicle autonomy), behavioral changes, and environmental conditions are the reasons for the emergence of new types of car sharing that allow new stakeholders to be included in the business model. Research conducted in US and Western European cities shows that car sharing has significant potential for replacing some private cars as well as a faster increase in the number of electric vehicles.

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Tseng, Huei Ru. „Threshold-Based Privacy-Preserving Key Management Scheme for Vehicle-to-Grid Networks“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (Dezember 2013): 978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.978.

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The concept of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is that electric vehicles (EVs) communicate with the smart grid to sell demand response services by delivering electricity into the grid. Due to the scale of the network, the speed of the vehicles, their geographic positions, and the very sporadic connectivity between them, V2G communications have the crucial requirements of fast session key establishment. In this paper, we propose a threshold-based privacy-preserving key management scheme for V2G networks, which utilizes the threshold-based secret sharing and symmetric key technique to protect the identities of the EV owners and to establish the shared session key between the aggregator and the vehicle. The proposed scheme can achieve the property of identity privacy, confidentiality of the communications, and known-key security.

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ElMenshawy, Mena, und Ahmed Massoud. „Hybrid Multimodule DC-DC Converters for Ultrafast Electric Vehicle Chargers“. Energies 13, Nr. 18 (21.09.2020): 4949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184949.

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To increase the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), significant efforts in terms of reducing the charging time are required. Consequently, ultrafast charging (UFC) stations require extensive investigation, particularly considering their higher power level requirements. Accordingly, this paper introduces a hybrid multimodule DC-DC converter-based dual-active bridge (DAB) topology for EV-UFC to achieve high-efficiency and high-power density. The hybrid concept is achieved through employing two different groups of multimodule converters. The first is designed to be in charge of a high fraction of the total required power, operating at a relatively low switching frequency, while the second is designed for a small fraction of the total power, operating at a relatively high switching frequency. To support the power converter controller design, a generalized small-signal model for the hybrid converter is studied. Also, cross feedback output current sharing (CFOCS) control for the hybrid input-series output-parallel (ISOP) converters is examined to ensure uniform power-sharing and ensure the desired fraction of power handled by each multimodule group. The control scheme for a hybrid eight-module ISOP converter of 200 kW is investigated using a reflex charging scheme. The power loss analysis of the hybrid converter is provided and compared to conventional multimodule DC-DC converters. It has been shown that the presented converter can achieve both high efficiency (99.6%) and high power density (10.3 kW/L), compromising between the two other conventional converters. Simulation results are provided using the MatLab/Simulink software to elucidate the presented concept considering parameter mismatches.

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Ren, Shuyun, Fengji Luo, Lei Lin, Shu-Chien Hsu und Xuran Ivan LI. „A novel dynamic pricing scheme for a large-scale electric vehicle sharing network considering vehicle relocation and vehicle-grid-integration“. International Journal of Production Economics 218 (Dezember 2019): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.06.020.

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García-Olivares, Antonio, Jordi Solé, Roger Samsó und Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. „Sustainable European Transport System in a 100% Renewable Economy“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 12 (23.06.2020): 5091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125091.

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Europe must move towards a 100% renewable transportation system for climate, energy and sustainability reasons. We estimate the capital and energy required for building and operating a renewable transportation system providing similar services as the EU-28 transport system of 2016. It could be based on: biogas or fuel cell vessels; liquid biogas powered aircrafts; electric railways and fuel cell or electric vehicles between major cities; and car sharing, electric buses and electric two- and three-wheelers, for short journeys. A system of charging posts on the streets and roads for passenger and commercial e-vehicles is studied. Alternatively, a Tracked Electric Vehicle system of continuous power on European roads would improve energy efficiency and the saving of scarce metals (Ni, Li), at a lower cost, if only national roads were electrified. The investment for the construction of the whole system would be 2.3–2.7% of the EU’s GDP per year for 30 years. The new system operation would require 16% less energy than that of 2016, with reduction of 70% in road transport. However, shipping and aviation would demand 162% and 149% more energy, respectively, if liquefied biogas were used as fuel. A type of land transport fully based on trains would provide a similar service to that of an electric vehicle fleet, with a 29% lower energy consumption.

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Bruglieri, Maurizio, Alberto Colorni und Alessandro Luè. „The Vehicle Relocation Problem for the One-way Electric Vehicle Sharing: An Application to the Milan Case“. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 111 (Februar 2014): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.034.

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Wirasanti, Paramet, und Suttichai Premrudeepreechacharn. „Frequency regulation service of multiple-areas vehicle to grid application in hierarchical control architecture“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, Nr. 6 (01.12.2021): 4597. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4597-4609.

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Regarding a potential of electric vehicles, it has been widely discussed that the electric vehicle can be participated in electricity ancillary services. Among the ancillary service products, the system frequency regulation is often considered. However, the participation in this service has to be conformed to the hierarchical frequency control architecture. Therefore, the vehicle to grid (V2G) application in this article is proposed in the term of multiple-areas of operation. The multiple-areas in this article are concerned as parking areas, which the parking areas can be implied as a V2G operator. From that, V2G operator can obtain the control signal from hierarchical control architecture for power sharing purpose. A power sharing concept between areas is fulfilled by a proposed adaptive droop factor based on battery state of charge and available capacity of parking area. A nonlinear multiplier factor is used for the droop adaptation. An available capacity is also applied as a limitation for the V2G operation. The available capacity is analyzed through a stochastic character. As the V2G application has to be cooperated with the hierarchical control functions, i.e. primary control and secondary control, then the effect of V2G on hierarchical control functions is investigated and discussed.

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Mirosław, Marcin, Tomasz Mirosław, Jakub Deda und Adam Zawadzki. „Eco-friendly approach to electro-mobility (Avangard approach)“. MATEC Web of Conferences 338 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133801018.

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Electric vehicles are offered by many car companies. They are considered ecological, although in terms of power it depends on the energy system, in particular a source of power to charge cars. In case of the production version, and operation may be less or more for a wide meaning of environment. In the article, the authors will present the issues of ecological use of electric vehicles, comparing the combustion and electric environmental studies. An analysis of the common electric vehicle structures and their operation will be presented, in which the environmental performance of vehicles and their positive impact on the quality of life can be achieved or enhanced by a new approach to the design, production and servicing method [1-4]. Authors of final output products of production based on the concept of industry 4.0+ [5], where the final products are supplied by SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). The authors mention the business model [6] that stimulates the development of SME sales and the sharing of knowledge. In the described model of vehicle production, which can be extended to the manufacturing of small agricultural and municipal machines, new methods of design (using artificial intelligence) and production, including 3D printing and others, play an important role. The authors will present several technologies used in small-lot production and a forecast of their use.

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Kumar, Rupesh, Ajay Jha, Akhil Damodaran, Deepak Bangwal und Ashish Dwivedi. „Addressing the challenges to electric vehicle adoption via sharing economy: an Indian perspective“. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 32, Nr. 1 (06.08.2020): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2020-0058.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges before India for electric vehicle (EV) adoption by 2030. The study further looks into the measures taken by the Government of India (GOI) to promote research and development in EV sector and what is yet to be done.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, the challenges are identified allied to the commercialization of EVs in India. The data are collected, analyzed and compiled through secondary sources. The secondary data give a concise insight and comprehensive information regarding what is occurring around the globe as well as in the Indian context. Further, the challenges are investigated through a focus group study consisting of 11 participants from industry and academia.FindingsThe findings from the study are the critical roles of sharing economy and public utilities in the promotion of EV adoption, given the high cost of EV, lack of infrastructure and poor purchasing power of Indian customers. The sharing economy perspective provides various opportunities for the government to manage the resources (electric-powered transport system) optimally. Further, the study compares the global perspective in assigning the target figures.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the facilitating role of the shared format in EV technology promotion but ignores the hurdles that can come in its implementations. Also, the focus group study has its limitation as it relies more on participants' perceptions and opinions.Originality/valueThe present study assists GOI and various stakeholders in having a realistic plan rather than daydreaming with overambitious goals. The diffusion of technology as a shared format (especially in the context of EV) has not been academically approached in the past literature.

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Habla, Wolfgang, Vera Huwe und Martin Kesternich. „Electric and conventional vehicle usage in private and car sharing fleets in Germany“. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 93 (April 2021): 102729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102729.

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Geissenheimer, Harold H. „PART 4: Rail Transit: New Vehicle Options for Lower-Cost Rail Mobility: Using Diesel or Dual-Powered Light Rail Cars as a Transfer of Technology“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1571, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1571-16.

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An exciting opportunity exists to transfer innovative transit technology and operating scenarios from Europe to North America. There is a need to demonstrate a range of mobility options using efficient and cost-effective new technologies to maximize the use of available rail rights of way. The use of a new generation of self-propelled diesel power cars (DMU) or dual-powered electric light rail vehicles (LRVs) combined with changes in operations and organization can provide a low-cost way to operate efficient rail service on marginal lines. Two types of DMUs and two applications of dual-powered LRVs are described, both of which have been demonstrated in North America. These demonstrations represent commitment by the manufacturer and the operator to seek new solutions from overseas. Whereas each type of DMU fits a specific niche, they both offer a clear indication of the potential for this type of vehicle. Also suitable for technology transfer are dual-powered electric light rail cars now used in Karlsruhe and Amsterdam. The Karlsruhe system extends a city tramway system out into the region on standard rail lines. The Amsterdam operation brings a suburban light rail line into the city center by sharing the existing subway. Cleveland’s Shaker Heights Light Rail Line also reaches the city center by sharing tracks with a rapid transit line. Each combines the use of existing infrastructure into a cost-effective package. Planning in New York and Philadelphia includes a potential application of light rail dual-powered technology and track sharing. Although outside the scope of this study, both Japan and Korea have demonstrated the feasibility of similar track sharing for heavy rail services. Strategies for operating these new vehicle concepts are identified: ( a) track sharing with freight railroads or metros, ( b) providing separate time windows for non-FRA-compliant vehicles, ( c) FRA compliance, ( d) Americans with Disabilities Act compliance, ( e) fare collection, and ( f) other institutional and labor issues.

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